Trophic changes in the skin of the legs. Trophic disorders

A detailed description for our readers: trophic changes in the skin with varicose veins on the site site in detail and with photos.

An example of ulceration

Varicose veins are a pathological condition that leads to a change in their width and length. The blood flow is disturbed, the valves stop working correctly. A disease appears as a result of pathologies of the walls of the veins.

Trophic changes in the skin with varicose veins are not uncommon, but they usually appear only in a neglected state. For a speedy recovery, it is recommended to combine the methods of traditional and traditional medicine in treatment.

There are many reasons that can lead to varicose veins, among them are the following:

1. Staying for a long time in a standing position. There is a lot of pressure on the legs, in the case of specific conditions, when people have to spend a lot of time in this position, the development of varicose veins is unlikely to be avoided. Obesity can also exacerbate this factor - in this case, even more pressure is placed on the legs.
2. hereditary predisposition. If both parents were diagnosed with a similar disease, with a probability of 70% or more, the child will inherit the pathology.
3. Leading a sedentary lifestyle. At present, this is the most common cause of the development of the disease. Many phlebologists claim that this is the so-called computer varicose veins. Those people who spend a long time in a sitting position are several times more likely to experience varicose veins.
4. Disorders in the hormonal background. In women, the cause is more common than in men. The thing is that in their body an insufficient amount of estrogen is often produced, but the yellow bodies, on the contrary, produce twice as much. They contribute to the weakening of muscle tissue, vascular tone weakens.
5. The outflow of blood through the veins is disturbed. This can happen for mechanical reasons - an obstacle is formed, as a result, the blood does not move fully. It could be a tumor, a blood clot, or something else.

A person's lifestyle can become the cause of the development of the disease. Alcohol, smoking, drugs, all this affects vascular tone. In any case, only a doctor can determine the cause of the development of the disease and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Phlebeurysm

Symptoms of varicose veins

At the initial stage of development of varicose veins, there are practically no symptoms, which is why many seek help late.

To prevent further development of the disease and to avoid complications, you should know the main signs that may be present:

1. At the end of the working day, the legs swell. Shoes can become tight, after a good rest, this usually happens in the morning, the symptom disappears.
2. Another characteristic symptom for varicose veins is the feeling of a cannonball that is shackled to the leg. There is a feeling of fullness in the calf muscles, especially after a long stay on your feet or after spending time at the computer. If you have a good rest and warm up, then the next day the symptom will disappear.
3. There are so-called hot sensations in the legs, or rather in the calves. The veins become very visible.
4. Another warning indicating that something is wrong is leg cramps at night.
5. Vascular inclusions in the form of spider veins appear under the skin of the legs, at first they are barely noticeable, but after a while they begin to shine through.

If you do not pay attention to all these symptoms, and do not start treatment, numerous complications will begin to appear.

advanced stage of varicose veins

Diagnostics

If a man or woman sees at least one symptom, which is listed above, it is necessary to seek the advice of a phlebologist. It is this specialist who deals with the treatment and examination of such problems.

Doctor doing examination

In order to prevent complications, it is impossible to delay a visit to the doctor in any case. The prognosis depends only on how timely therapeutic measures are taken.

The diagnosis begins with the fact that the doctor examines the patient, the affected area is palpated. The next step is an instrumental examination. As practice shows, a referral is given for ultrasound dopplerography.

As an addition, tests can be given. After the diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment is prescribed. Self-medication in this case is prohibited.

Various methods are used for diagnosis.

Trophic skin changes

Against the background of impaired blood circulation in the lower extremities, trophic changes may develop, their course is chronic. Even after undergoing surgical treatment, external signs may remain. Below we consider the main such violations.

The video in this article goes into more detail about what violations can be.

Lipodermatosclerosis

Due to constant edema, the process of cellular nutrition is disrupted. Due to the violation of the venous outflow, the pressure in the vessels begins to increase.

Plasma and cells, that is, blood components, are able to pass through the walls of capillaries, localizing in the subcutaneous fat layer of the skin. All components are destroyed, a chronic inflammatory process develops, all this leads to trophism.

hyperpigmentation

Most often, trophic changes are formed in the lower part of the lower leg, as well as inside the ankle. The skin becomes less sensitive, the color becomes dark, the shade may be brown.

The appearance of hyperpigmentation

Eczema

Skin eczema with varicose veins is not at all uncommon. After the blood stagnates, local immunity struggles with the pathogenic microflora that is on the skin. At the site of the inflammatory process, infectious agents multiply.

Varicose eczema

Immunity to the irritant responds with an allergic reaction. In the place where eczema appears, the skin itches, small films separate, wounds appear, like abrasions. The patient's quality of life is reduced.

Skin atrophy

Pigmented skin after a while will begin to brighten, but this does not mean that recovery has come. On the contrary, this is the next stage of the destruction of cellular nutrition - white atrophy. The skin becomes denser, areas in the form of pits are formed. Legs in this place may decrease in volume.

Dermatitis

An example of varicose dermatitis

Varicose dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs due to insufficient blood circulation. Areas with scales appear, the skin atrophies. Being overweight can exacerbate the situation. Bad habits or wearing uncomfortable shoes can also affect this.

Trophic ulcers

The course is chronic, for a long time they do not heal, they can become more and more. Periodically, wounds can heal, but after a while they open again. Combing them is dangerous, as an infection can join.

Treatment methods for varicose veins

In the early stages of the disease, minimally invasive methods are rarely used, which is why the basis of therapy includes drugs. In order to improve the condition of the veins, it is recommended to use drugs from several groups: venotonics and angioprotectors.

Treatment result

Medications can relieve unpleasant symptoms - pain, swelling, inflammation, fatigue. It will be possible to increase the elasticity of blood vessels, the blood will become more liquid, blood clots will not form.

The following drugs may be prescribed for treatment:

• troxevasin;
• venolek;
• phlebodia 600.

The therapy can be supplemented by wearing compression garments.

Important! Only a doctor can prescribe drugs, self-treatment can lead to a worsening of the condition.

Hirudotherapy

In order to eliminate the disease at an early stage without surgery, hirudotherapy, that is, treatment with leeches, can be used. In their saliva there is hirudin, after a bite it enters the bloodstream. Viscosity decreases, the development of thrombosis is prevented.

Hirudotherapy is used for treatment

The procedure can be prescribed exclusively by a doctor, contraindications to its use may be as follows:

• pregnancy in women;
• allergy to the secret secreted by leeches;
• depletion of the body;
• blood diseases.

In addition, it is impossible to carry out the procedure for inflammatory diseases that develop on the surface of the skin.

Minimally invasive procedures for treatment

These are effective procedures, they do not require surgical intervention, patients do not stay in the hospital and do not go through a long rehabilitation period. Such methods are less traumatic and painless. Patients are placed under local anesthesia before the procedure.

Sclerotherapy

A sclerosant is injected into a vein by injection. The active substance allows you to block the damaged area, the blood will begin to move through the circulatory system and will not enter the clogged place.

After some time, the pathological vein will resolve on its own. Sclerotherapy is the main method of treating varicose veins, it is controlled by ultrasound.

Carrying out treatment

Laser ablation

The procedure is carried out in an outpatient clinic, its duration is from half an hour to two hours. The patient can go home immediately after the procedure. In order for the patient to endure everything well, he is given local anesthesia.

An example of how the treatment is carried out

A light guide is inserted into the affected vein, it is located along it. The laser beam turns on and goes back, under its influence, blood coagulation occurs. The walls of the vessels are cauterized, they stick together, and all because the affected area is clogged.

RF ablation

This is the most non-traumatic technique used for treatment. It can be carried out on any veins, regardless of what diameter they have. Local anesthesia is placed, the course of the operation itself is controlled by ultrasound.

The desired puncture is made in the vein, after which a radiofrequency catheter is inserted there. Then an anesthetic is injected, the surrounding tissues will be protected from the action of radio waves. The rehabilitation period lasts no more than two weeks, after this time the patient can return to a full-fledged lifestyle.

Microphlebectomy

With the help of special hooks, the doctor will eliminate the affected vein. Hooks are inserted under local anesthesia, the incision is small, does not exceed one millimeter. After the treatment, the rehabilitation period takes only a few days, after which a person can start working.

Carrying out a miniphlebectomy

Bruises may remain, but after 3-4 weeks they will resolve on their own. For the first few weeks, it is recommended to wear compression stockings in order to fix the result. The main advantage of the procedure is that the affected vein is completely removed.

Phlebectomy

The procedure is usually performed under spinal anesthesia. After the operation, the patient must stay in the hospital for several days.

The indications for the procedure are as follows:

• pronounced impaired blood flow;
• complications of varicose veins in the form of trophic ulcers and so on.

A probe is inserted through a small incision. The expanded section of the vein is removed, it should be pulled out mechanically. The incision must be sutured after removal. The duration of the procedure is no more than two hours.

Prevention

In order to protect yourself from the development of such a disease, a whole range of measures should be observed.

The following can be distinguished among them:

• it is recommended to alternate rest and work;
• it is impossible to stay in a sitting position for a long time, it is also not recommended to cross your legs; this will contribute to circulatory disorders;
• in a forced sitting position, try to change positions as often as possible;
• wearing things squeezing the body is not recommended;
• women should not wear shoes with high heels, if necessary, they need to spend as little time in it as possible;
• take walks every day;
• watch your diet, eat as many foods rich in vitamins and nutrients as possible.

Thin skin with varicose veins can cause many complications. Remember that the inflammatory process that appears with varicose veins can develop over the years. If the changes are not noticed in time, and there is no treatment, it will not be possible to avoid complications.

Frequently asked questions to the doctor

Complications from varicose veins

My brother was diagnosed with varicose veins, swollen veins are already visible. Until today, he has not been engaged in treatment, tell me, what can this lead to?

If the veins become visible, then most likely the brother may face an operation. What kind of it will be used depends on what the results of the survey show.

Trophic changes in the skin with varicose veins most often occur if a sick person with all responsibility does not approach the treatment of his illness, namely: he does not visit a phlebologist at the right time, does not follow precautions well, refuses medicines and self-medicates.

Causes

The development of trophic ulcers is based on many processes:

1. Serious injury that can cause damage at the site where the ulcer will form.
2. Slow blood circulation and poor transmission of nerve impulses to blood vessels and tissues.
3. Diabetes mellitus and its many complications.
4. Serious damage to the nerve column.
5. Chronic eczema, dermatitis and severe allergies.
6. Burns and frostbite of varying severity.
7. Various diseases of the lymph nodes and acute lymphedema.
8. Thrombophlebitis and stage 4 varicose veins.
9. Syndrome of antiphospholipid antibodies (SAFA) and various autoimmune diseases.

Symptoms

With serious trophic disorders, the affected skin becomes very thin, and the patient may receive various injuries, but these are not the most terrible manifestations of varicose veins:

• severe swelling and swelling;
• unpleasant itching, burning and unbearable pain in the affected area, the diseased area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin is much hotter than the whole body;
• heaviness in the legs, especially after long physical work and long walks over long distances;
• epidermal necrosis;
• bright red spots appear, which itch strongly and eventually change their color to dark purple;
• the affected skin is smooth to the touch and also slightly shiny;
• small bubbles form, which burst over time, and as a result of this process, erosion begins;
• through the skin pores, light yellow pus is secreted.

Trophic ulcers can form not only on the first layer of the skin, but go far deep into bleeding wounds. The sick person experiences terrible pains in the tendons and calves of the lower extremities. The risk of inflammation of the bone marrow, soft tissues, which is caused by mycobacteria, increases.

The patient becomes very irritable for no apparent reason, often agitated, cannot sleep soundly during the night.

Stages of disease progression

Trophic changes in the skin are divided into several stages, which differ in the method of elimination and symptoms. The most important point in the further formation of a trophic ulcer is the presence of an initial stage, when obvious symptoms have not yet appeared, but there is a tendency to trophic changes.

1 stage

If a person has found several seals in the calf muscles and / or lower legs, which are very itchy, as well as various neoplasms in the form of severe edema, this indicates that he has begun stage 1 varicose veins. The following symptoms are most often noted:

• feeling cold;
• cramps of the lower extremities during sleep;
• skin color changes.

The appearance of dark red and blue spots indicates that the initial stage is coming to an end. The first stage comes to an end when the scab breaks down in the middle of the ulcer under the action of dark brown pus. The first stage develops differently for everyone: up to several weeks or 1-2 days.

2 stage

When the trophic ulcer is fully formed, varicose veins smoothly move to the next stage, at which edema and other very unpleasant processes begin to form. In the middle of a trophic ulcer, tissue necrosis begins. From an open wound, lymph and other dead tissue products are abundantly secreted, which emit a bad smell.

At this stage of formation, with a thorough examination of the material, the doctor reveals new colonies of pathogenic microorganisms. The ulcer continues to grow and develop, and this leads to the following ailments:

• thrombosis;
• erysipelas;
• nocardiosis.

The result of the development of the second stage of varicose veins is the inability to step on damaged feet and the formation of new trophic ulcers.

Stage 2 of the disease lasts from 30 to 45 days.

3 stage

As a rule, it lasts about 2 weeks, but sometimes this period can last 20-21 days. The bottom and walls of the trophic ulcer are updated daily with new abscesses. In many African countries, varicose veins at this stage are successfully treated with the help of tsetse flies, which feed on dead tissues and at the same time, without affecting the surviving skin areas. Edema gradually subsides, viscous pus gradually ceases to stand out, and wounds begin to scar.

4 stage

A trophic ulcer is covered with a thick layer of skin, and pus begins to secrete under it. This stage of varicose veins occurs 60-70 days after the onset of the disease. At the last stage of varicose veins, the patient develops terrible scars.

Varieties

From the fact that blood outflow is disturbed in the legs, trophic changes appear on the skin, which can turn into an acute or chronic form. And even after a completely successful surgical intervention, clear signs of acute eczema and trophic ulcers remain on the patient's skin. There are several types of trophic changes in tissues:

• trophic ulcers;
• skin atrophy;
• bacterial eczema;
• varicose dermatitis;
• hyperpigmentation.

Lipodermatosclerosis

Due to the constant swelling, the process of nourishing the cells of the epidermis, venous outflow is disrupted, and pressure rises in the blood vessels. The composition of the blood (its liquid part, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets) slowly passes through the walls of the veins that are in the skin and subcutaneous fat layer.

As a result, all components begin to break down, and a long-term inflammatory process gradually forms, which over time can lead to slow delivery of nutrients to cells and, subsequently, to tissue necrosis.

hyperpigmentation

Most often, trophic changes occur in the ankles and in the lowest part of the lower leg. A sick person has these symptoms:

• The sensitivity of the skin is reduced.
• The skin becomes tighter.
• Darkens, gradually acquiring a light brown tint.

Hyperpigmentation is not so terrible, it is important to pay attention to external changes in the skin of the extremities in time and take action.

microbial eczema

With stagnation of blood in the veins, it is very difficult for the immune system to cope with pathogenic microbes that multiply on the patient's skin in record time. For this reason, fungus and spherical streptococcus are actively developing at the sites of inflammation. The immune system responds to these irritants with a strong allergy, and a sick person develops bacterial eczema.

When eczema aggravates, the skin itches intensely, not only in places affected by a dangerous ailment, but throughout the body. Small films are separated from the skin, wounds develop that are very similar to abrasions, for this reason the patient's well-being and quality of life are sharply reduced.

Skin atrophy

The skin covered with age spots, in places where lipodermatosclerosis appears, gradually acquires a lighter shade, but this does not mean at all that varicose veins have stopped growing. This is due to the progression of white atrophy. The skin eventually becomes denser on palpation, small pits appear. The lower limb in the affected area may decrease in size.

Trophic ulcers

Very quickly increase in volume, do not heal for a long time, and sometimes become chronic. Periodically, the trophic ulcer heals a little, but after a while it starts to bleed again and secrete light yellow pus. When combing, pathogenic bacteria enter trophic ulcers. In this case, a sick person needs to urgently make an appointment with a qualified phlebologist and undergo a thorough examination.

Prevention of the appearance of trophic changes

The following preventive measures are of great importance in trophic skin changes from varicose veins of the lower extremities and small pelvis:

• Slow walking (preferably barefoot on the grass).
• Medical massage using massage or baby cream, as well as healing balms and essential oils.
• Dousing with cool water.
• Cold and hot shower.
• Swimming in the pool with or without sports equipment.
• Buy comfortable shoes made of genuine leather.
• Quit smoking pipes and cigars.
• Do not drink alcohol.
• Closely monitor the level of glucose and bad cholesterol in the blood.
• Completely exclude cakes, pastries, chocolate (especially milk and white), buns, pies, cookies, sweet sparkling water, juices, fruit drinks, factory-made nectars and other confectionery from the diet.
• Wear elastic bandages, compression stockings or stockings. These products prevent the appearance of edema and provide tone to the blood vessels.

Various inflammations of the skin of the lower extremities and small pelvis with varicose veins very often become chronic, leading to serious consequences. If trophic changes in the skin are diagnosed and treated in time, then it is possible not only to eliminate the inflammatory process, but also to get rid of trophic ulcers.

A strong load on the legs, which is regular, leads to the problem of varicose veins. Subsequently, if the problem is not treated, trophic ulcers appear on the skin. Such modifications are manifested by red or even blue spots on the skin, causing pain.

Trophic ulcers can be treated medically or surgically, if the problem is not very advanced, a person is allowed to use traditional medicine techniques. It is possible to be treated for an illness at home, but it is necessary to follow all the recommendations of doctors.

The concept of a trophic ulcer

When the mechanism of blood circulation is disturbed, stagnant processes begin in the veins.

This leads to the expansion of blood vessels, varicose veins.

If a person is not in a hurry to treat the problem presented, starting it, then trophic ulcers may appear on the skin, and they will not be present on the legs in a single variant.

A trophic ulcer is a complication of the course of varicose veins, has pronounced signs.

The problem can be best described as follows:

• the problem belongs to the category of complications arising from advanced cases of varicose veins;
• trophic ulcer is a problem of severe damage to soft tissues;
• pigmentation of the skin in the affected area increases, additional dermatitis or eczema occurs;
• the skin on the affected area has a matte appearance.

Such a problem suggests that the blood in the vessels stagnates, the outflow of lymph is disturbed. The problem is accompanied by painful sensations, necrosis of the epidermis is observed, a dry crust appears on the wound.

Note! If trophic changes in the lower extremities are not treated, then over time the problem can affect the muscles and this will cause incredible pain. In this case, the problem can only be treated surgically.

What types of treatment are commonly used

Trophic changes in the skin require treatment without fail. The selection of the method of influencing the problem will be carried out depending on what stage of the development of the problem in a particular patient. For patients with this disease, the following types of treatment can be applied:

1. Surgical intervention.
2. Conservative treatment (use of tablets, ointments, injections).
3. Application of recipes and methods of traditional medicine.
4. Carrying out physiotherapy treatment.

The use of folk remedies should not be done on your own.

Before any method is put into practice, the patient should always consult with his doctor.

Trophic changes in the skin with varicose veins are not only an external problem, but also cause discomfort in terms of sensations.

The larger and deeper the wounds, the more the limbs will hurt., a person will face such a concept as severe puffiness directly.

conservative

Conservative or drug treatment of trophic ulcers consists in the need to drink certain drugs and do certain external manipulations using pharmacy medicines. To perform conservative treatment of trophic skin changes, doctors recommend using the following medications:

• antibiotics in the form of creams and ointments externally and tablets inside (do not use iodine and brilliant green);
• special pharmacy dressings and sponges, bandages;
• elastic compression;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• intravenous antiplatelet agents;
• antihistamines.

If we talk about the use of specific drugs, then due attention should be given to Iruxol, Streptolaven, Dioxicol, Levomekol. If elastic bandages are used, then they are impregnated with some medicines, applied to the wound and changed as necessary.

It is important! Iodine and brilliant green are also antiseptic substances, but their effect is too sharp and it is precisely because of this that such remedies should not be applied to trophic wounds.

Surgical

If a trophic ulcer is completely ignored, then it becomes a serious problem that will have to be eliminated surgically. Trophic changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue cause a lot of pain and that is why the problem has to be solved in a hospital. The essence of the surgical intervention for such a problem consists of the following points:

• diseased veins that caused trophic changes are removed;
• surgeons are trying to bring the blood flow system of the limbs back to normal;
• the problem with violations of the outflow of lymph is solved.

The operation can be carried out under general anesthesia or epidural anesthesia.

If the second option is used, then the person will be conscious, but pain should not be felt.

Folk

Folk methods are often used to treat trophic ulcers on the skin. There are many remedies that are used to treat the problem presented, and among them the most popular are:

• homemade ointment prepared on the basis of egg white and natural honey(take one protein and a tablespoon of honey, mix the ingredients, leave for 3 hours, use as an ointment);
• mixture of egg yolk and iodine(for one yolk you need a jar of iodine);
• ointment of spruce resin, beeswax and lard(take 100 grams of spruce resin, the same amount of wax and lard, boil the ingredients, cool);
• potassium permanganate diluted in warm water(you need to take so much potassium permanganate so that when it dissolves, the water has a light pink color).

Most of the products are used to impregnate bandage dressings. Such ointments are applied for at least 6 hours.

Note! Without consulting with your doctor, a person should not use any of the presented methods of traditional medicine. If you actively self-medicate, you can make it even worse.

Preventive measures

In order to prevent the appearance of trophic changes in the skin, people need to learn how to carry out competent prevention. The essence of preventive measures will consist of the following points:

• do not allow too much stress on the legs;
• do not wear high heels too often;
• in the event of varicose veins, immediately engage in competent treatment;
• pay close attention to hygiene.

Prevention will reduce the risk of a problem, but will not be able to get rid of it one hundred percent. There is also such a factor as a genetic predisposition to the onset of the disease, and it cannot be completely eliminated.

Read more about the prevention of varicose veins in the legs.

Conclusion

Treatment of trophic skin changes on the lower extremities can be performed in several ways. The method of treatment for a particular person should be selected by a doctor. The treatment of this disease will be vigilant and at the same time attentiveness and discipline are required from the patient.

Most often, medications are used to perform the treatment, but you should not buy them yourself. If this problem occurs, a person should consult a doctor and only together with him select a competent treatment method. Trophic ulcers can become very deep and therefore, the sooner they are treated, the better.

What is a trophic ulcer

This term refers to a chronic skin defect, most often in the area of ​​​​the legs. Without treatment, ulcers practically do not heal to the end and appear again and again, the cause of their occurrence is varicose veins .

According to many experts, the reason for the appearance of varicose veins in a person was his upright posture, as a result - increased stress on the legs.

And indeed, if you look at any four-legged animal, none of them will have varicose veins. If the walls of the vessels are weak initially, the risk of varicose veins only increases.

If the disease is not treated in time, the walls of blood vessels gradually become thinner, the elasticity of the skin in the area of ​​diseased veins decreases.

The tissues cease to receive the necessary amount of nutrients and oxygen, and the carbon dioxide content, on the contrary, increases. In addition, impaired blood circulation leads to the fact that decay products are not removed from the tissues in time.

The first sign of trophic changes in the lower extremities is a change in skin color, it becomes darker. In addition, you can notice:

• burning and itching;
• lymph discharge on the skin;
• puffiness;
• thickening of the skin, the appearance of an unhealthy shine;
• dermatitis;
• a white spot (dead tissue) appears in the center of the affected area.

Gradually, the ulcer begins to deepen, grow and fester. If there are several trophic formations, they grow together.

Important! Almost all trophic ulcers caused by varicose veins appear in the area of ​​the ankles.

The development of a trophic ulcer from appearance to healing takes place in four stages:

1. The appearance and growth of ulcers. In the process, the skin cells around the wound are destroyed.
2. Purulent discharge.
3. Scarring. During this period, the body tries to cope with the ulcer on its own.
4. Restoration of the affected area of ​​the skin.

The whole process takes on average about 1.5 months. However, the greatest danger of ulcers in relapses. In advanced cases, tissue damage becomes deeper, reaching the bones.

One of the most severe consequences of trophic skin lesions are cancer and gangrene, which in the last stages leads to amputation of the limb. Therefore, at the first symptoms, it is necessary to consult a doctor and not try to cope with the disease on your own.

Types of treatment for trophic ulcers in varicose veins

The type of treatment for trophic ulcers on the legs depends on the stage of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient. Of all the directions, three of the most famous can be distinguished:

1. Conservative treatment.
2. Surgical intervention.
3. Ethnoscience.

At the same time, doctors are skeptical about traditional methods of treatment. First of all, this is due to the fact that too much time must pass to achieve the effect of the same herbal medicine. Also, herbs and poultices will not cure ulcers in their advanced stages.

Ulcers should be treated only together with the underlying disease. Since varicose veins are not the only cause of trophic changes in tissues, a complete diagnosis of all body systems will be required.

Conservative treatment

Conservative treatment includes drug therapy, washing of ulcers and their subsequent treatment. To achieve the desired effect, a set of measures is used:

1. Treatment aimed at improving blood flow and dissolving blood clots.
2. Purification of ulcers from pus.
3. Wearing medical underwear.
4. Therapeutic gymnastics and massage.

For the treatment of trophic changes in the skin with varicose veins, regular treatment of the wound with antiseptic agents is required. This is necessary to prevent suppuration.

In addition to antiseptics, wound healing and anti-inflammatory ointments are used. Also, do not forget about drugs aimed at strengthening veins and small vessels.

Infectious diseases make it difficult to treat, so during this period it is important to maintain immunity. To do this, you need to take a complex of vitamin preparations, as well as carefully monitor your health.

Surgery

The most effective method of treatment of trophic ulcers. It includes any options for surgical interventions up to plastic surgery with transplantation of healthy skin to the affected area. In addition to transplantation, the affected areas of the veins are removed.

Before any operation, ozone therapy is first performed to clean the ulcer from bacteria. Recovery after skin grafting surgery is fast, the next day the patient does not feel pain.

Extreme measures include amputation of limbs. This can happen if the patient did not follow the recommendations of doctors after the operation.

If further therapy with topical preparations is ignored, the ulcer will return again. If treatment is delayed, the risk of skin cancer only increases.

Folk methods

Despite the advances in modern pharmacology, phytotherapy is still popular. Sometimes herbal treatment is advised by the doctors themselves, but only in combination with the main therapy.

Most often, homemade ointments and compresses, herbal baths are used, sometimes patients take decoctions or tinctures inside. Such treatment is effective only in the initial stages of the disease, here are a few simple recipes:

1. Tar ointment. To prepare this remedy, you will need 100 grams of tar (juniper), two raw yolks and a few drops of rose oil. The ingredients are mixed until a homogeneous mass. The ointment is applied to the affected area for 20 minutes twice a day.
2. Lungwort. The herb can be used fresh or in a decoction. Crushed fresh leaves are applied to the wound as a compress for 30 minutes daily. A decoction on a dry lungwort is used to wash a trophic ulcer 6 times a day.
3. Blue clay. The healing properties of clay are well known, dry powder can be purchased at a pharmacy at an affordable price. Clay is diluted according to the instructions on the package and applied to the ulcer for the specified time.
4. Streptocid ointment. For cooking, you need 1 tablespoon of unrefined vegetable oil, the same amount of fish oil and 25 tablets of streptocide. The oil is boiled on a steam bath for 20 minutes, then fish oil is added and waited for another 20 minutes. Streptocide powder from crushed tablets is added last, the mixture must be kept on fire for another half hour. The finished ointment is applied to diseased areas of the skin and bandaged.

Before using ointments and compresses, the skin must first be disinfected. All bandages used must be sterile so as not to infect the wound.

Important! Most folk recipes contain allergenic ingredients. Before using ointments, you first need to test their effect by applying a small amount to the crook of the elbow or wrist. If nothing happens during the day, the remedy can be used.

Preventive measures

It is much easier to prevent trophic changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue due to progressive varicose veins than to treat the consequences. Therefore, it is important to take measures not only against the appearance of ulcers, but also try to prevent the appearance of varicose veins. What can be done:

1. Take drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels and improve blood circulation.
2. Lead an active lifestyle, play sports, and when sedentary, try to find time to warm up.
3. Eliminate the use of alcohol.
4. Wear comfortable clothes and shoes that do not pinch the vessels of the legs.
5. If you already have varicose veins, you will need to wear compression garments regularly. You can choose stockings or stockings only after consulting a doctor.
6. Yoga is beneficial for improving blood circulation, especially exercises in which the legs are located above the level of the body.

And the main thing in preventing the disease is a regular visit to the phlebologist for preventive examinations. Then it will be possible to detect the disease in the early stages and quickly cure it without serious consequences and costs.

Conclusion

Complications after trophic ulcers caused by varicose veins are too serious to neglect timely treatment and prevention. An integrated approach to the treatment of ulcers and the underlying disease will quickly restore health to the legs and veins.

One of the most serious consequences of varicose veins is trophic changes in the skin on the legs. Ulcers are difficult to heal, and they take time to heal, if you miss the moment, there is a high risk of losing a leg. That is why it is so important to treat varicose veins in the early stages before the formation of non-healing wounds.

Cardiologist

Higher education:

Cardiologist

Saratov State Medical University. IN AND. Razumovsky (SSMU, media)

Level of education - Specialist

Additional education:

"Emergency Cardiology"

1990 - Ryazan Medical Institute named after Academician I.P. Pavlova

Pathological changes in the veins of the lower extremities are considered common, especially among athletes and the elderly. If the blood supply to a certain area of ​​the skin is disturbed, venous pressure increases, varicose veins occur. Expansion of the veins becomes very noticeable, vessels appear, changes in the process of cellular nutrition (trophism) occur. When the disease is not treated for a long time, trophic changes in the skin occur with varicose veins, which are accompanied by damage to the skin. Significant increases in skin pigmentation, dermatitis, eczema and trophic ulcers are observed in the affected area.

When treating trophic skin changes with folk methods in combination with drug therapy, the patient has a better chance of a speedy recovery.

Causes

Predisposing factors for inflammation of the skin on the legs are quite similar to the causes of varicose veins:

• carrying weights;
• overweight;
• diabetes;
• pregnancy and childbirth;
• genetic predisposition;
• injuries of the lower extremities;
• chronic infections;
• decrease in the body's defenses;
• metabolic disorders (metabolic process) and microcirculation;
• disruptions in the activity of the cardiovascular system;
• venous insufficiency;
• tissue swelling.

Symptoms

With trophic disorders, the skin becomes thin, dry and easily injured. There are also other problems with the skin and the condition of the legs:

• puffiness and swelling;
• burning and pain at the site of the affected area, the skin becomes very hot;
• heaviness in the limbs;
• necrosis of the epidermis;
• the appearance of red itchy spots, which eventually acquire a blue tint;
• the skin becomes smooth and shiny;
• small bubbles appear that burst and erosion forms in their place;
• liquid begins to seep through the skin.

Trophic ulcers develop both on the upper layer of the skin and can go deep into the wound. In this case, a person experiences severe pain in the calves or tendons of the legs, a high risk of osteomyelitis (infectious inflammation of all parts of the bone tissue). The person becomes irritable and restless, sleep disturbances are observed.

Varieties of trophic changes in the skin of the legs

Against the background of impaired venous outflow in the lower extremities, trophic skin changes occur, which are characterized by a chronic course. And even after successful surgical treatment of the disease, the external signs of ulcers and eczema do not disappear anywhere. Trophic disorders of soft tissues include:

• lipodermatosclerosis;
• hyperpigmentation;
• microbial eczema;
• skin atrophy (exhaustion, loss of vitality);
• trophic ulcers.

Lipodermatosclerosis

The process of cellular nutrition is disturbed during the period of constant edema. As a result of a violation of the venous outflow, pressure begins to increase in the vessels. Blood components (plasma and cells) pass through the walls of the capillaries, being located in the subcutaneous fat layer and skin. Here, the destruction of all components occurs, the chronic course of the inflammatory process begins, which subsequently leads to trophism.

hyperpigmentation

Trophic changes, as a rule, occur in the lower part of the lower leg and in the region of the inner ankle. The sensitivity of the skin decreases, it becomes dense, darkens, acquires a brown tint.

When venous congestion occurs, it becomes difficult for local immunity to fight the pathogenic microflora that is present on the skin. Therefore, at the site of inflammation, various pathogens of infection (streptococci) or a fungus begin to actively multiply. The immune system of the body responds to an irritant with an allergic reaction, venous microbial eczema occurs. In the stage of exacerbation of eczema, the patient complains of itching at the sites of varicose veins and throughout the body. The skin begins to separate with small films, small wounds appear, such as abrasions, and therefore the quality of life and moral well-being of the patient decreases.

Skin atrophy

Pigmented skin at the site of lipodermatosclerosis brightens with time, but this is not an indicator that everything has returned to normal. On the contrary, there is the last stage of violation of the process of cellular nutrition - white atrophy. The skin becomes denser, retracted areas appear in the form of pits. The leg at the site of the lesion may decrease in volume, as if it was pulled together by a cuff.

Trophic ulcers

They have a chronic course, do not heal for a long time, but only increase in size. The wound periodically heals, but after a while it reopens. When scratching the wound, an infection joins. Topical preparations only in rare cases help healing, and special dressings do not justify themselves at all. In this case, an urgent consultation with a phlebologist and a diagnostic examination are required.

Treatment

Patients with varicose eczema need an integrated treatment approach: drug and local therapy, rational nutrition, healthy lifestyle, distribution of work and rest. With trophic ulcers, surgery is indicated. After that, the ulcers quickly heal. But darkening and thickening on the skin remain forever. Compression underwear is recommended to be worn by everyone without exception.

Local therapy

This type of treatment involves the use of special creams, ointments, lotions and trays. They are especially effective in the initial stages of inflammation of the skin with varicose veins. Local preparations moisturize, soften and disinfect the affected area of ​​the skin. It is also necessary to monitor the hygiene of problem areas of the skin. Wash the skin with neutral soap, dry with sterile wipes or cotton wool, and treat with solutions of antiseptic and antimicrobial agents. The use of hormonal drugs helps relieve inflammation and reduce itching.

Medical treatment

Topical therapy in combination with oral medications effectively treats the problem. Drug treatment consists of the following medicines:

• antihistamines;
• antibiotics;
• sedatives;
• venotonics and vascular drugs.

Surgery

Indications for surgical intervention are advanced forms of skin changes that are not amenable to conservative therapy. The patient undergoes vein removal, minimally invasive operations (operation through pinpoint tissue punctures) or laser treatment methods, sclerotherapy are used.

ethnoscience

To start treating inflammatory skin processes with traditional medicine, you must first consult a doctor. If the patient has injuries and deep ulcers, folk remedies can only aggravate the situation. Folk therapy suggests the use of natural ingredients, vegetable oils, herbal tinctures, plant juices. As a rule, decoctions are prepared from chestnut extract, grape leaves, chamomile and calendula flowers, oak bark, which have disinfectant, anti-inflammatory properties, and also heal wounds. Vegetable oils from almonds, coconut or wheat germ moisturize problematic skin after hygiene procedures.

Preventive actions

Of great importance are the preventive measures of a very life-threatening complication of the pathology of the veins. To increase the tone of the muscles and veins of the legs, moderate physical activity perfectly helps: walking, running, swimming. Massages, contrast showers, dousing with cool water will also be useful. You should not constantly sit or lie down, as movement enhances microcirculation and promotes wound healing. Wear comfortable shoes that fit the size of your feet, choose clothes made exclusively from natural fabrics, especially for eczema and ulcers.

Inflammation of the skin of the legs with varicose veins is chronic, lasts for years and leads to irreparable changes in the skin. If changes in the skin are noticed in time, the doctor will conduct competent and correct therapy, which will stop the inflammatory process and even eliminate small trophic ulcers.

A trophic ulcer is a pathology that is characterized by skin defects that appear as a result of tissue necrosis. The disease is characterized by a slowly progressive course, irreversible changes and a tendency to relapse. The affected area of ​​the skin may not heal for several months. If no therapeutic measures are taken in time, suppuration will occur, and the inflammatory process will reach the muscles, joints and tendons. What are the main causes of venous trophic disorders and what signs can be used to suspect a trophic ulcer?

Causes of trophic ulcers on the legs

The appearance of trophic ulcers, according to doctors, contribute to the following negative factors:

• Chronic venous-vascular pathologies affecting the lower extremities. These include varicose veins and thrombophlebitis.
• Arterial pathologies, for example, Buerger's disease.
• Inflammatory processes affecting the lymphatic system.
• Advanced form of diabetes.
• Mechanical, thermal or chemical injuries of the legs.
• Autoimmune pathologies of various origins.
• Hypertonic disease.
• Chronic skin conditions such as dermatitis or eczema.

Classification of trophic ulcers and their specificity

Symptoms of a trophic ulcer

The formation of a trophic ulcer on the lower extremities, as a rule, contributes to a whole symptomatic group objective and subjective plan, indicating poor venous circulation in the legs.

Patients complain of severe swelling and heaviness in the calves, cramps of the calf muscles progress, especially at night. There is a burning sensation and itching of the skin in the lower leg area. At this stage, the lower third of the lower leg is covered with a network of small bluish veins. Spots of violet or purple color become visible on the skin, which, when combined, create a large hyperpigmentation zone.

Due to the accumulation of hemosiderin in the epidermis, eczema or dermatitis begins. Affected skin takes on a glossy look. becomes rougher and tighter. Touching the affected area causes discomfort. The development of lymphostasis entails extravasation of the lymphatic fluid and the formation of miniature drops on the surface of the skin, outwardly similar to dew.

After some time, in the central part of the problem area, one can observe the appearance of a whitish focus of skin atrophy. In fact, this is a pre-ulcerative condition of the epidermis. If the damage to the skin is minimal, a minor ulcer is formed in the affected area. At the first stage of development dark red weeping ulcer located on the surface layer of the skin and covered with a dry crust. Then the trophic wound begins to expand and deepen. Small sores can combine and create an extensive defect. A large number of advanced trophic wounds in some cases form a common ulcerative surface, affecting the entire circumference of the lower leg.

In the future, the pathological process begins to affect not only nearby tissues, but also expands into the deeper layers, causing a sharp increase in pain. Ulcerative lesions extend into the calf muscle, Achilles tendon, and tibia. Inflammation of the periosteum of the tibia, complicated by a secondary infection, threatens the development of osteomyelitis. If soft tissue is damaged in the ankle area, then arthritis may occur, followed by limitation of the range of motion of the joint.

The composition of the ulcerative discharge is directly related to the presence of a secondary infection and the type of bacterial agent. At the initial stage, the discharge contains streaks of blood. After the composition becomes purulent with cloudy fibrin clots. Due to maceration of the skin around the ulcer, microbial eczema often develops.

In most cases, a secondary infection is caused by conditionally pathogenic bacterial flora. A fungal infection that has joined the underlying disease complicates its course, becomes the culprit for the rapid growth of trophic areas and reduces the chances of recovery.

Infected trophic ulcer is always a potential source of severe complications. In some cases, a trophic ulcer is complicated by pyoderma and allergic dermatitis. May be accompanied by lymphangitis, purulent varicothrombophlebitis, erysipelas, inguinal lymphadenitis. In severe cases, phlegmon joins the trophic ulcer. Perhaps even septic infection of the blood. The recurrent nature of the infection leads to damage to the lymphatic vessels.

A trophic ulcer of the lower leg is treated by a doctor who specializes in the disease that caused the pathology. If diabetes mellitus has become the root cause of leg ulcers, then the endocrinologist controls the treatment. In case of ulceration of varicose nature examination by a phlebologist is required. Therapy of trophic ulcers on the legs of various etiologies includes the following measures:

The initial stage of the disease allows the treatment of trophic ulcers at home. This is acceptable after a face-to-face appointment with a specialized specialist. However, with the development of the disease and its transition to the next stage, planned hospitalization of the patient is required.

Treatment of trophic ulcers on the legs involves an integrated approach. The patient takes medicines and simultaneously undergoes procedures, the effect of which is aimed at improving blood circulation and reducing congestive processes in diseased legs. Among these procedures are:

• A dropper with special substances that normalize blood circulation.
• Ozone therapy, carried out intravenously and externally.
• Laser therapy.
• Electrical stimulation.
• Pneumocompression therapy.
• Lymphatic drainage with massage.

Medical therapy trophic ulcers on the legs implies both internal administration of drugs and their external use. With venous disorders, drugs are prescribed to strengthen the walls of the veins; blood-thinning, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents. Never take antibiotics without a doctor's prescription. Self-medication is allowed in rare cases when ulcers are in their infancy.

diabetic leg ulcers require special medical supervision. He will prescribe the most suitable drug. Treatment of leg ulcers caused by insulin deficiency is carried out according to an individually developed strategy. Each individual stage requires a special approach with the obligatory observance of bed rest. Therapy includes activities mainly aimed at stabilizing the general condition. To do this, you must follow a strict diet and constantly monitor blood sugar levels. If the sugar level cannot be adjusted at home, then the patient should be placed in the endocrinology department.

Trophic venous disorders on the legs with diabetes mellitus are treated with the help of external agents. Techniques for applying elastic bandages to diseased limbs and treatment methods can be found in brochures distributed in hospitals and pharmacies.

You can independently treat the wound surface using such a proven remedy as furatsilin. For antiseptic treatment, ordinary potassium permanganate is also suitable. When disinfectants are applied to damaged skin, a strong burning sensation is possible, but it quickly disappears. When the solution dries, a pulling and jerking pain may appear.

The operation is carried out only if conservative methods of treatment have not brought the desired result. Also, surgical intervention is indicated for a significant size of the trophic ulcer. The patient is operated on by phlebectomy or bypass. The equipment in modern clinics allows for partial skin grafting from a healthy area of ​​the skin to an ulcerated one.

Treatment of trophic ulcers with folk remedies

You can treat a trophic ulcer at home with the help of folk recipes. Among the large number of various means of alternative medicine, allowing speed up the healing of the sore

Patients who develop trophic skin changes with varicose veins in the form of ulcers are at particular risk. The probability of formation of deep ulcerative lesions and infection in them is very high, which can lead to a severe general condition. Trophic changes in the skin of the lower extremities can be accompanied by many other diseases, the course of which is out of control.

Causes and clinical picture of trophic disorders

The most common "culprits" of problems with the nutrition of the tissues of the affected area are the following diseases:

• varicose veins in the legs;
• type 2 diabetes mellitus;
• obliterating atherosclerosis;
• infectious processes of a chronic nature;
• cardiovascular insufficiency with edema.

The following conditions of the body can become predisposing factors of the pathological process:

• overweight;
• late pregnancy and postpartum period;
• traumatic injury.

The first signs of a violation of the trophism of soft tissues in the area of ​​the affected area are evidenced by a change in:

• skin color (redness or darkening);
• elasticity of the skin (it becomes thinner, shiny, peeling appears);
• itching, burning and pain in the legs;
• puffiness;
• the appearance of bubbles with transparent contents.

If the first symptoms of venous insufficiency or other problems with the vessels and innervation of the legs were ignored, deep damage to the skin and subcutaneous tissue in the form of ulcers with purulent contents may later join.

Types of trophic changes in the skin of the legs

The appearance of various types of violations of the trophism of the outer integument and underlying tissues require the close attention of specialists and the immediate treatment of the underlying disease and its consequences.

Lipodermatosclerosis

Edema of the lower extremities of venous or cardiac origin provokes a change in the permeability of the vascular wall, as a result of which the liquid part of the blood penetrates into the subcutaneous tissue and causes a gradual destruction of cellular structures. The skin thickens and becomes painful.

Due to the lack of oxygen, adipose tissue cells are replaced by connective tissue, and chronic inflammation develops. The lack of therapeutic measures over time leads to trophic disorders in the form of ulcers.

hyperpigmentation

Darkening of the skin is one of the initial signs of developing trophic changes in the form of ulcers. Brown spots appear due to the destruction of blood cells penetrating from the vascular bed into the surrounding tissues. Pigmentation is most often located on the inner surface of the legs.

microbial eczema

Congestion in the veins creates favorable conditions for the development of an infectious inflammatory process on the skin. Bacterial pathogens (streptococcus, staphylococcus) provoke the development of an allergic skin reaction against the background of a weakened immune system.

These phenomena lead to the development of eczematous lesions. The patient is concerned about itching, which intensifies at night and in stressful situations. Due to scratching, the inflammatory process progresses, which is manifested by pustular lesions with the formation of an ulcer.

Skin atrophy

In places of increased pigmentation, the cover gradually brightens, which occurs due to atrophic processes. A sharp compaction of the skin layers leads to the formation of depressions and irregularities, visually the leg decreases in volume.

The terminal stage of trophic disorders is called white atrophy.

Trophic ulcers

Violation of the integrity of the epithelial layer leads to the formation of a skin defect with the formation of an ulcer. Gradually, penetration develops with damage to the deep layers of the skin, as well as subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscles.

Diagnostics

Modern examination methods will help to identify the condition of veins and arteries:

• duplex scanning of blood vessels;
• ultrasound procedure;
• computed tomography of veins;
• X-ray method with the introduction of contrast agents into the vascular bed.

To identify the nature of infection, it is necessary to make a bacteriological analysis of purulent contents from the wound surface. The results obtained will allow you to choose the etiological treatment with topical drugs.

A clinical blood test will show the degree of the inflammatory process (the number of leukocytes and ESR), as well as the severity of the allergic reaction in eczema (the content of eosinophils).

Treatment

Improving measures have a pronounced effect with a complex effect directly on the lesion and the entire body. Recovery usually does not come quickly: it takes a long time for the ulcer to epithelize, so you need to be patient and persistently follow the advice of specialists.

To get rid of skin damage due to vein diseases, you will need to reconsider your lifestyle:

• arrange nutrition;
• adhere to the regime of work and rest;
• get rid of bad habits;
• use an elastic bandage for problem areas.

Medicines

Drug treatment improves venous circulation and metabolism in soft tissues, affects the pathogens of the infectious process in the areas of ulcer formation.

Systemic action

To normalize venous blood flow and tissue trophism, the following means are needed:

• venotonics (Detralex, Phlebodia, Troxevasin, Venoruton);
• drugs to improve capillary circulation (Pentoxifylline, Nicotinic acid, Kapilar, Aescusan);
• drugs that stimulate trophic processes in the affected tissues (Actovegin, Solcoseryl);
• broad-spectrum antibiotics (cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, semi-synthetic penicillins);
• antihistamines (Fenkarol, Cetrin, Claritin);
• antioxidants (Tocopherol acetate, Succinic acid, Mexidol).

The duration of the course is determined by the attending physician.

The terms of treatment can be long (for venotonic drugs). Antibiotic therapy is carried out in conjunction with intestinal probiotics and antifungal agents.

For topical application

Ointments and creams for influencing directly on the lesion have a positive effect when the first signs of the disease appear.

To cleanse the wound surface from necrotic masses, Iruksol ointment is recommended. Chloramphenicol (an antibacterial agent in the composition of the drug) inhibits the activity of pathogenic microflora.

Topical preparations actively inhibit the activity of microorganisms:

• Argosulfan;
• Levomekol.

Branolind tissue wipes, which have an effective disinfectant and anti-inflammatory effect, are a modern way to fight infection.

To wash the ulcer and release it from necrotic tissues, the following disinfectant solutions are used, which can be impregnated with dressings:

• Potassium permanganate;
• Hexamidine (3%);
• Hydrogen peroxide (3%);
• 0.25% silver nitrate;
• Dioxidine;
• Miramistin.

Ointments have wound healing properties:

• Actovegin;
• Solcoseryl.

In cases where it is urgent to remove the inflammatory process, corticosteroid-based agents are used (Celestoderm, Lorinden A, Sinaflan). These ointments are not recommended for long-term use, as they can cause a decrease in adrenal function.

Surgery

In situations where conservative therapy does not have the expected effect, the issue of surgical treatment of an ulcer with trophic disorders is being decided.

One way to restore venous circulation is to remove the expanded venous node. An alternative to this effect is sclerosis of the affected vein and laser surgery.

To cope with trophic disorders of the skin and underlying tissues, the necrotic area with an ulcer is excised. This accelerates the regeneration processes and stimulates reparation.

ethnoscience

Compresses and lotions based on the following medicinal plants can produce a therapeutic effect:

• chamomile;
• calendula;
• St. John's wort;
• sage;
• oak or white willow bark.

Sea buckthorn and rose hip oil has a pronounced regenerating effect.

Herbal remedies from the arsenal of alternative medicine should be used with great care and only after consultation with your doctor.

Forecast and prevention of trophic disorders

The appearance of trophic disorders with ulcers on the skin is a prognostically unfavorable sign, which indicates the ineffectiveness of the previous treatment of varicose veins.

The tactics of therapy provides for a complex effect with the help of systemic drugs and local agents. With the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment for several months, a decision is made on the need for surgical intervention.

Prevention of trophic ulcers consists in the timely treatment of varicose veins and adherence to recommendations for lifestyle correction.

Patients with a tendency to trophic disorders of the skin of the legs should wear clothes made from natural fabrics, regularly carry out hygiene procedures. Women should avoid wearing high heels.

Trophic disorders of the lower extremities should be treated intensively and in a timely manner: this will avoid decompensation of the condition and trophic disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with the formation of ulcers.

Varicose veins are a pathological condition that leads to a change in their width and length. The blood flow is disturbed, the valves stop working correctly. A disease appears as a result of pathologies of the walls of the veins.

Trophic changes in the skin with varicose veins are not uncommon, but they usually appear only in a neglected state. For a speedy recovery, it is recommended to combine the methods of traditional and traditional medicine in treatment.

Reasons for the development of varicose veins

There are many reasons that can lead to varicose veins, among them are the following:

1. Staying for a long time in a standing position. There is a lot of pressure on the legs, in the case of specific conditions, when people have to spend a lot of time in this position, the development of varicose veins is unlikely to be avoided. Obesity can also exacerbate this factor - in this case, even more pressure is placed on the legs.
2. hereditary predisposition. If both parents were diagnosed with a similar disease, with a probability of 70% or more, the child will inherit the pathology.
3. Leading a sedentary lifestyle. At present, this is the most common cause of the development of the disease. Many phlebologists claim that this is the so-called computer varicose veins. Those people who spend a long time in a sitting position are several times more likely to experience varicose veins.
4. Disorders in the hormonal background. In women, the cause is more common than in men. The thing is that in their body an insufficient amount of estrogen is often produced, but the yellow bodies, on the contrary, produce twice as much. They contribute to the weakening of muscle tissue, vascular tone weakens.
5. The outflow of blood through the veins is disturbed. This can happen for mechanical reasons - an obstacle is formed, as a result, the blood does not move fully. It could be a tumor, a blood clot, or something else.

A person's lifestyle can become the cause of the development of the disease. , drugs, all this affects vascular tone. In any case, only a doctor can determine the cause of the development of the disease and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Symptoms of varicose veins

At the initial stage of development, there are practically no symptoms, which is why many seek help late.

To prevent further development of the disease and to avoid complications, you should know the main signs that may be present:

1. At the end of the working day, the legs swell. Shoes can become tight, after a good rest, this usually happens in the morning, the symptom disappears.
2. Another characteristic symptom for varicose veins is the feeling of a cannonball that is shackled to the leg. There is a feeling of fullness in the calf muscles, especially after a long stay on your feet or after spending time at the computer. If you have a good rest and warm up, then the next day the symptom will disappear.
3. There are so-called hot sensations in the legs, or rather in the calves. The veins become very visible.
4. Another warning indicating that something is wrong is leg cramps at night.
5. Vascular inclusions in the form of spider veins appear under the skin of the legs, at first they are barely noticeable, but after a while they begin to shine through.

If you do not pay attention to all these symptoms, and do not start treatment, numerous complications will begin to appear.

Diagnostics

If a man or woman sees at least one symptom, which is listed above, it is necessary to seek the advice of a phlebologist. It is this specialist who deals with the treatment and examination of such problems.

In order to prevent complications, it is impossible to delay a visit to the doctor in any case. The prognosis depends only on how timely therapeutic measures are taken.

The diagnosis begins with the fact that the doctor examines the patient, the affected area is palpated. The next step is an instrumental examination. As practice shows, a referral is given for ultrasound dopplerography.

As an addition, tests can be given. After the diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment is prescribed. Self-medication in this case is prohibited.

Trophic skin changes

Against the background of impaired blood circulation in the lower extremities, trophic changes may develop, their course is chronic. Even after undergoing surgical treatment, external signs may remain. Below we consider the main such violations.

The video in this article goes into more detail about what violations can be.

Lipodermatosclerosis

Due to constant edema, the process of cellular nutrition is disrupted. Due to the violation of the venous outflow, the pressure in the vessels begins to increase.

Plasma and cells, that is, blood components, are able to pass through the walls of capillaries, localizing in the subcutaneous fat layer of the skin. All components are destroyed, a chronic inflammatory process develops, all this leads to trophism.

hyperpigmentation

Most often, trophic changes are formed in the lower part of the lower leg, as well as inside the ankle. The skin becomes less sensitive, the color becomes dark, the shade may be brown.

Eczema

Skin eczema with varicose veins is not at all uncommon. After the blood stagnates, local immunity struggles with the pathogenic microflora that is on the skin. At the site of the inflammatory process, infectious agents multiply.

Immunity to the irritant responds with an allergic reaction. In the place where eczema appears, the skin itches, small films separate, wounds appear, like abrasions. The patient's quality of life is reduced.

Skin atrophy

Pigmented skin after a while will begin to brighten, but this does not mean that recovery has come. On the contrary, this is the next stage of the destruction of cellular nutrition - white atrophy. The skin becomes denser, areas in the form of pits are formed. Legs in this place may decrease in volume.

Dermatitis

Varicose dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs due to insufficient blood circulation. Areas with scales appear, the skin atrophies. Being overweight can exacerbate the situation. Bad habits or wearing uncomfortable shoes can also affect this.

Trophic ulcers

The course is chronic, for a long time they do not heal, they can become more and more. Periodically, wounds can heal, but after a while they open again. Combing them is dangerous, as an infection can join.

Treatment methods for varicose veins

In the early stages of the disease, minimally invasive methods are rarely used, which is why the basis of therapy includes drugs. In order to improve the condition of the veins, it is recommended to use drugs from several groups: venotonics and angioprotectors.

Medications can relieve unpleasant symptoms - pain, swelling, inflammation, fatigue. It will be possible to increase the elasticity of blood vessels, the blood will become more liquid, blood clots will not form.

The following drugs may be prescribed for treatment:

• troxevasin;
• venolek;
• phlebodia 600.

The therapy can be supplemented by wearing.

Important! Only a doctor can prescribe drugs, self-treatment can lead to a worsening of the condition.

Hirudotherapy

In order to eliminate the disease at an early stage without surgery, hirudotherapy, that is, treatment with leeches, can be used. In their saliva there is hirudin, after a bite it enters the bloodstream. Viscosity decreases, the development of thrombosis is prevented.

The procedure can be prescribed exclusively by a doctor, contraindications to its use may be as follows:

• pregnancy in women;
• allergy to the secret secreted by leeches;
• depletion of the body;
• blood diseases.

In addition, it is impossible to carry out the procedure for inflammatory diseases that develop on the surface of the skin.

Minimally invasive procedures for treatment

These are effective procedures, they do not require surgical intervention, patients do not stay in the hospital and do not go through a long rehabilitation period. Such methods are less traumatic and painless. Patients are placed under local anesthesia before the procedure.

Sclerotherapy

A sclerosant is injected into a vein by injection. The active substance allows you to block the damaged area, the blood will begin to move through the circulatory system and will not enter the clogged place.

After some time, the pathological vein will resolve on its own. Sclerotherapy is the main method of treating varicose veins, it is controlled by ultrasound.

Laser ablation

The procedure is carried out in an outpatient clinic, its duration is from half an hour to two hours. The patient can go home immediately after the procedure. In order for the patient to endure everything well, he is given local anesthesia.

A light guide is inserted into the affected vein, it is located along it. The laser beam turns on and goes back, under its influence, blood coagulation occurs. The walls of the vessels are cauterized, they stick together, and all because the affected area is clogged.

RF ablation

This is the most non-traumatic technique used for treatment. It can be carried out on any veins, regardless of what diameter they have. Local anesthesia is placed, the course of the operation itself is controlled by ultrasound.

The desired puncture is made in the vein, after which a radiofrequency catheter is inserted there. Then an anesthetic is injected, the surrounding tissues will be protected from the action of radio waves. The rehabilitation period lasts no more than two weeks, after this time the patient can return to a full-fledged lifestyle.

Microphlebectomy

With the help of special hooks, the doctor will eliminate the affected vein. Hooks are inserted under local anesthesia, the incision is small, does not exceed one millimeter. After the treatment, the rehabilitation period takes only a few days, after which a person can start working.

Bruises may remain, but after 3-4 weeks they will resolve on their own. For the first few weeks, it is recommended to wear compression stockings in order to fix the result. The main advantage of the procedure is that the affected vein is completely removed.

Phlebectomy

The procedure is usually performed under spinal anesthesia. After the operation, the patient must stay in the hospital for several days.

The indications for the procedure are as follows:

• pronounced impaired blood flow;
• complications of varicose veins in the form of trophic ulcers and so on.

A probe is inserted through a small incision. The expanded section of the vein is removed, it should be pulled out mechanically. The incision must be sutured after removal. The duration of the procedure is no more than two hours.

Prevention

In order to protect yourself from the development of such a disease, a whole range of measures should be observed.

The following can be distinguished among them:

• it is recommended to alternate rest and work;
• it is impossible to stay in a sitting position for a long time, it is also not recommended to cross your legs; this will contribute to circulatory disorders;
• in a forced sitting position, try to change positions as often as possible;
• wearing things squeezing the body is not recommended;
• women should not wear shoes with high heels, if necessary, they need to spend as little time in it as possible;
• take walks every day;
• watch your diet, eat as many foods rich in vitamins and nutrients as possible.

Thin skin with varicose veins can cause many complications. Remember that the inflammatory process that appears with varicose veins can develop over the years. If the changes are not noticed in time, and there is no treatment, it will not be possible to avoid complications.

Frequently asked questions to the doctor

Complications from varicose veins

My brother was diagnosed with varicose veins, swollen veins are already visible. Until today, he has not been engaged in treatment, tell me, what can this lead to?

If the veins become visible, then most likely the brother may face an operation. What kind of it will be used depends on what the results of the survey show.