How to identify lies in communication: different approaches and useful literature. How to define a lie? Psychology of lies

Often, during a conversation with an interlocutor, you cannot understand whether he is telling the truth or not. After all, you don’t want to be deceived and offended. Are there effective methods and ways to recognize a lie, to distinguish it from the truth? Of course they are. And you do not need to be a true psychologist to understand whether a person is telling the truth. The main thing is to observe the behavior and words of the opponent. During a disagreement between the words and gestures of your interlocutor, trust your sight more than your hearing.

How to recognize a lie by external signs

It is much easier to hide the true truth thanks to words, voice and facial expressions, but gestures, movements and postures are unlikely to be able to hide lies or deceit. Excessive honesty of a person helps to reveal a lie.

Every time he repeats that he speaks only the truth. For example, when the interlocutor each time uses such expressions as “I swear by everything you want”, “I swear”, “I give my head to cut off”.

A person may tell lies when he avoids discussing certain topics or issues. He may say that he does not intend to discuss this situation or that he cannot remember this incident.

The liar may raise his tone, become unreasonably dismissive and defiant, or his speech may take on a hostile tone. Speaking a lie, he can provoke you to be rude. For example, "I do not intend to answer these questions" or "I have no idea what this is about." If a person is honest and sincere with you, then he tries to talk more and defends his sincerity when expressing doubts about it.

Often you have to lie to save yourself. For example, you tell your dad that you have learned all the lessons or that the diploma is almost completed.

People involved in psychology recommend observing the eyes, facial expressions and gestures of the interlocutor in order to recognize lies. Body movements and gestures of a person are eloquent. If a person who wants to hide something, during a conversation, tries to somehow close.

For example, he constantly rubs his nose, crosses his arms over his chest. Eyes can tell a lot about a person. If a person lies, then he will constantly avert his gaze to the side or his eyes will “run around”. A liar can carry everything.

If, with a sudden question, he begins to stutter and stutter, then he is definitely lying. Emotions can tell lies. If a person avoids your gaze, is overly active or passive, then he definitely doesn’t finish something and lies.

How to recognize a lie in the eyes

When talking to a person, look in which direction he is looking. This is the best way to recognize lies in the eyes. If a person begins to look initially to the left, and then down, then this means that the person is trying to find words. It may also mean that his words are not sincere at the moment of communication. But one should not conclude that the person is lying. Just keep watching for other signs.

If, during a conversation, a person’s eyes are directed upwards, then this means that at that moment visual memory or information predominates in him. If a person looks to the side, then his auditory memory works.

If a person looks down, then at this moment he remembers his feelings or controls his words. Remembering some information, a person can visualize it and at the same time he usually looks up to the left. If a person invents information, then he looks up to the right.

The most important is the first reaction to the question asked or the information being voiced. So watch this reaction carefully.

For example, if after a voiced question or information a person looked up to the right and then down to the left, then you can be almost sure that the person was lying, since he first constructed a certain image that he had never seen in his life, and then began to select words.

The science of how to recognize lies in the eyes is both easy and difficult at the same time. In this case, it is worth considering that some people are used to preparing their lies in advance and presenting the desired picture.

At the same time, he will remember his lies in the form of some visual images and the eyes of this person will be directed upwards to the left. Judging by this, do not rush to believe this man.

If you have already caught your interlocutor in a lie, then it is better to remember his strategy. Remember what phrases he says, where he looks and how he behaves in order to determine the lie in his eyes. Knowing the interlocutor's lie strategy will protect you from false information.

Lies in conversation

Probably everyone knows how to cheat. First, in childhood, children tell their fantasies, then in adulthood it turns into deception of others. I would like to understand how not to fall for his bait before they began to deceive you. Everyone can cheat. For example, men of women in order to achieve location, children of their parents, parents of their children.

How to recognize a lie and distinguish a person who speaks the truth from a deceiver? Let's try to understand in more detail what a lie is, when we are told a lie and when a lie can turn into a pathology. A lie is not true information told to the interlocutor during the dialogue.

3 types of people who try to cheat

People who in any situation always and everywhere try to seem smarter than others, and take part in conversations on various topics. Sometimes, not knowing thoroughly the topic of discussion. You can easily recognize their lies.

It is necessary during the conversation to ask leading questions that more detail the topic under discussion. You will see that the deceiver is trying to get out of the situation with general phrases without specifics.

Cheating for profit. As a rule, it consists in the fact that a liar endlessly tells you all kinds of compliments. By this, he is trying to lull your vigilance and achieve his goal. This is a dangerous category of liars. In deciding how to recognize a lie from this category, only your powers of observation and intellect can help you.

People endowed with the gift to deceive by nature. Such liars are able to play a whole performance in front of you, in which they themselves believe at the same time. Thanks to the sincerity and sophistication of their craftsmanship, you easily fall for the bait. It is very difficult and practically impossible to recognize such a lie, to immediately determine that they are lying to you. This can be done later by analyzing the conversation in a calm atmosphere.

Pathological deceivers. These people always lie and believe what they say. They need a lie in order to appear higher in the eyes of the interlocutor, to have attractiveness and respect. Often they like to tell that they have a noble origin or a high position at work. Recognizing their lies is very easy. You just need to ask for some proof. You will see that in this case, the person begins to evade direct answers, referring to the loss of data.

Unfortunately, very often we cannot understand whether a person is telling the truth or lying. There are a number of methods by which you can recognize a lie. The main thing is to keep a close eye on the person.

Method. Lie in response to a question

You ask your opponent a question, to which he reacts like this:

frequently and accurately uses a phrase from your question, or repeats the entire question before answering;
thinks for a few minutes;

Both of these options indicate that the person is not sincere with you, because basically people behave this way because they do not have time to come up with an answer, therefore, they delay the moment of answers in order to construct a plausible version.

Method. Lies by no answer

It is not difficult to recognize a lie in this case. Instead of answering you, they tell a joke or laugh it off. After a person receives a "funny" or witty answer, he usually laughs and decides not to return to this question, since he does not want to look like a bore and bother a funny interlocutor.

Method. Lies by behavior

Instead of answering, your interlocutor begins to cough, as if trying to clear his throat, in addition, he may abruptly change speech from normal to faster, this indicates that he is lying, or nervous, as he will have to lie. In other words, an unconditioned change in the tone of the speaker, his voice requires you to be careful with him, as the person is trying to get out of the situation, possibly using a lie.

Sometimes during the storytelling process, a person can go back and add something to his story: clarify, say that he forgot to mention something, add some details, all this indicates that the person is sincere with you. Because a story invented on the go is not stored in a person’s memory, so the narrator is unlikely to be able to return to the middle of his story, and then continue to think it out, as a rule, he can get confused or go astray.

Method. Lies by gesture

Sometimes people during a conversation can scratch their heads, touch their noses, all these gestures will help you recognize a lie. They say that a person is trying to put a barrier between you, this is all done on a subconscious level.

In addition, shifting from foot to foot or trying to take a small step back indicates that your interlocutor wants to leave, move away from you, as he is afraid to give out something. Also, an attempt to hide from you can be called pulling back or lowering your head down. Remember all these methods, because learning to recognize a lie is a very difficult task that requires effort and a psychological approach.

It is unlikely that there is at least one person on the whole Earth who always and everywhere speaks only the truth. We all sometimes lie, and the goals at the same time are very different - we are pursuing a specific benefit, trying to soften the situation, giving ourselves weight in the eyes of the interlocutor, etc. Be that as it may, in the modern world it is very useful to master the techniques of recognizing the lies of an opponent.
There is nothing complicated in this science. After all, our subconscious mind itself is set against lies. No matter how masterfully a person controls himself, the body always gives signals by which one can understand that he is telling a lie.

How to recognize a lie by facial expressions?

Facial expressions of a person trying to deceive the interlocutor

A little training - and you will be able to draw conclusions about his sincerity by the slightest changes in the opponent's facial expressions and his seemingly insignificant gestures.
It turns out that only 10% of the entire population of the Earth is able to control the muscles in the corners of the mouth. When a person cheats, the corners of the mouth involuntarily drop down - this is a well-known fact. Be on the lookout - the deceiver will most likely try to disguise this movement with an unnatural and inappropriate smile. Perhaps he will simply press his lips tightly into a hard line - this is also a kind of signal.
The facial expression of a person who tells a lie changes very often, while the face of a "truth-seeker" remains calm. If the interlocutor is deceiving, his facial muscles begin to work out of sync.
An important point is that the one who is trying to deceive you will not withstand a long eye-to-eye contact. As a rule, men look away at the floor, while women, on the contrary, periodically study the ceiling.
In addition, liars are distinguished by an inquisitive look studying - they are trying to understand whether the interlocutor believed their words.

How to recognize lies by gestures?

Signs of a lie

A person who tells a lie makes many unnecessary movements. By which it can be exposed. A characteristic feature of the gestures of a liar is their orientation towards themselves. If the interlocutor actively gesticulates towards the opponent, most likely, he really says what he thinks.
Lip biting, occasional scratching, sudden anxiety about hair or makeup - all this can indicate both banal excitement and the fact that they are trying to deceive you. The behavior of the interlocutor must be considered as a whole. So, what should you pay attention to?
Rubbing in the region of the eyelids. Men periodically rub their upper eyelids, and women, as it were, remove excess makeup from their eyes during the conversation - perhaps they are not telling the truth, trying with these gestures to avoid the direct gaze of the interlocutor. After all, the eyes immediately give out a liar, and everyone knows about this from early childhood.
Collar pull. Surprisingly, lying causes tingling and slight itching in the neck and face - this is a scientifically proven fact. Therefore, if a person pulls back the collar to alleviate these discomforts, you should be wary.
Covering mouth with hand. A very characteristic and self-explanatory gesture. A person knows that he is deceiving, and subconsciously seeks to prevent this by literally covering his mouth with his hand. Often an attempt is accompanied by a simulated cough.
Nose touch. Almost everyone knows the meaning of the previous involuntary gesture of the deceiver. Most likely, your interlocutor is no exception. At the last moment, when the hand is already reaching for his mouth, he can catch himself and bring it to his nose. But this is also a suspicious signal, because if the nose itches, they don’t touch it, but really scratch it.
Ear touch. At the subconscious level, the deceiver does not want to hear everything that he himself says. Therefore, he will instinctively keep his hand close to the ear, trying to cover it - pulling on the lobe, closing the ear canal, etc.

How to recognize a lie by the features of speech?

As a rule, the rate of the deceiver's speech has its own characteristics. He begins to speak slowly, thinking out the details as he goes. Then, when the thought is already completely formed, he quickly lays out the rest so as not to forget anything. For a person who speaks the truth, a uniform speed of narration is characteristic.
The speech of a liar is not rich in details - they are quite difficult to think through, and he is well aware of this. On the other hand, deceivers tend to delve too deeply into few and insignificant details. If you suspect a person of lying, ask for details. This can confuse a liar, in whose story there will be inconsistencies, but you won’t knock down a “truth-lover” with any questions - he will also report additional facts.
Usually, when answering a question, the deceiver first repeats it. “Did I finish the report yesterday?”, “Was I at the interview this morning?” etc. This gives him time to think about his next statement.
And one more feature - liars like to emphasize that they are telling the pure truth, and for all your attempts to convict them of lies, they will actively blame you yourself.

A little training - and it will turn out to automatically mark all of the above signs of deception. And others will only be surprised at your intuition.

Video: These 50 gestures will teach you how to read people

The following human lie detection methods are used by police, forensic psychologists, security experts, and other investigators. This is a basic run of physical gestures (gestures of language) and verbal cues that indicate signs of lying.

This knowledge is also useful for managers, employers and for those who can use it in everyday situations, it will prevent you from becoming a victim of lies / fraud, etc.

The surest sign of truth is simplicity and clarity. Lies are always complex, pretentious and verbose

Now, I want to be very clear and I believe that there are no personality factors such as gestures, body movements, eye movements or facial expressions that are the defining signs of a lie. Although there are some that occur naturally, such as changes in heart rate, neuronal and nerve activity.

Why don't I believe? For the simple reason that there are people who are masters of lies, psychopathic and anti-social personalities who love to make people suffer, violate the rights of others and break all rules and regulations. Therefore, they know how to deal with both the signs of lying and the feelings of remorse, compassion, or guilt that lead to outward signs that they are lying.

On the other hand, there are people who are trained to hide information, hence one has to be an expert to extract the truth from them.

However, don't count on this article to make you an expert on the signs of a person lying.

The first sign of a lie: fear, hesitation, unusual disturbance or preoccupation, evasiveness, explanation without cause, defensiveness, unusual aggressiveness or suspicious behavior of the person. These may be some of the outward signs of lying that the subject cannot hide by lying about a particular situation.

Another sign of a person lying is situations with direct questions. You will notice evasiveness to the problem through denial, excuses, and explanations you didn't ask for. However, I don't want to create paranoid people, especially if certainty is at stake, so it shouldn't be concluded that they are lying to us if we don't have key evidence.

The second sign of lies: inconsistency, personality changes, mood changes (emotional lability) such as anger for no reason, symptoms of remorse or guilt. However, many people are able to suppress enough conscience, so the main sign of a lie is inconsistency. You can't say one thing and do another. If the actions basically don't match what they're saying, or if their explanations don't match reality and suspicions start to arise, we can already perceive it as something deceitful.

Usually when most of those who lie are stuck in a relationship. Attitude change is not as easy to control as guilt because it involves reflecting thoughts. If the subject has changed the attitude, which is clearly visible, we already have a key element.

The third sign of a lie: evidence of all the inconsistencies together creating a map that reveals lies, just to see the signs of lies with our own eyes.

There are no non-verbal signs of lying that are the same for all people.

The liar thinks more about what he is saying and less about his non-verbal communication. It is easier to control words than expressions and micro-expressions of emotions.

There are three main reasons why non-verbal behavior can reveal lies:

Lying causes stress, fear and effort, which translate into observable expressions and gestures. Non-verbal signals express emotions of fear or unwillingness to lie.
Excessive attempt to control information leads to artificial actions with little emotion, little gestures and movements that reveal a discrepancy between verbal and non-verbal language.

Facial microexpressions

Facial microexpressions are very fast movements that appear in conversation that cover the entire face and are interspersed between normal facial expressions. They are unexpected and appear in the context of a little expressiveness during a conversation. They take less than a twentieth of a second and are very difficult to perceive with the naked eye. Studies have found that people who lie tend to imitate their facial expressions, but cannot avoid these quick expressions that betray them.

Smile and laugh

One of the usual ways to hide emotions.

In Ekman and O'Sullivan's research, smiling is used to mask negative emotional expressions such as anxiety and fear. A liar uses a smile to hide his true emotions. The muscles that produce a smile, especially the contraction of the zygomatic muscle, have an effect on the stretching of the corners of the lips at the sides and up.

On the other hand, a real smile is accompanied by a contraction in the circumference of the eyes, which lifts the lower eyelid, partially closing the eyes.

Nervous laughter is a typical sign of a lie.

Gestures

People use one or both hands in conversation to embellish communication with gestures. The person who lies makes gestures that amplify verbal responses, and they tend to be artificial. Less anti-gravity movements are used, such as raising the eyebrows, which demonstrate conviction and belief in words, especially at the end of a sentence, to add emphasis.

An elusive look indicates a sign of a lie. Therefore, participation in eye activity is the most common way to evaluate lies. Many people think that this is the best indicator. However, individual or cultural factors can influence eye contact. Looking away is a sign of stress.

Verbal cues are verbal signs of lies, such as the tone of voice, the stories they tell, because telling a lie takes real effort. While there is no surefire way to tell a lie 100 percent, there are things you can use to roughly identify the signs of a lie.

Voice

In situations of anxiety and stress, the human voice becomes sharper, the tone rises. A person has difficulty modeling voice and intonation. There may be mild aphonia. Attention should be paid to voice changes on key issues. However, the absence of changes is not a sign of veracity.

Rhythm of speech

Speech has a consistent almost rhythmic pattern. When someone is nervous, this pattern becomes slower, inconsistent, and with speech errors due to nervousness and mental effort.

Word filtering

Because lying takes effort, words don't flow as smoothly when someone tells a lie. This means that someone who is lying must often pause to consider the words before they say them.

Filling words such as ah, uh.. uhm… in moments of hesitation often slip out when someone is lying. These filler words, called collocations, can offer clues about the speaker's intentions.

They repeat or rephrase questions

Instead of giving you a direct response, you may hear a repeated response or notice a slight pause between responses. The person may also ask you to repeat the question even though you know it was the first time you heard it. This is a tactic used by liars to gain time before responding.

Someone who is lying may also rephrase the question as an answer. For example, a conversation might look something like this:

You say: I already told you not to be around Tracy, so why were you?

They say you told me not to be around Tracy, so I wasn't.

You say: I saw your car on first avenue this morning?

They say: My car wasn't on First Avenue this morning.

They stutter

Stuttering and filler words go hand in hand because both are almost involuntary responses to telling lies. Stuttering, however, is more like breaks and repetitions in words than breaks in sentences. So you might hear someone say "I've never stopped at a mall", for example. One of the main causes of stuttering is anxiety, and lying can definitely make a person anxious.

You cannot see the person you are talking to. There are beeps that can help you recognize lies on the phone. Here are 6 tips that may be helpful in recognizing lies from telephone interlocutors.

Throat clearing

Telling lies is hard work. This may result in actual physical changes. The strain of a false reaction can cause an almost instantaneous redirection of moisture to our skin.
Therefore, the moisture normally present in your throat suddenly disappears for this reason, unless you are a skilled liar.

Complex answers

Direct questions are usually given the same short and direct answers. You may have legitimate reason to doubt if someone you are talking to on the phone gives an answer that looks more like trying to convince you than answering your question.
This possibility is increased if the response is replaced by defensive language, such as "What did you mean by asking me about this?" Or "I'm not really concerned that my answer is not what you wanted to hear."

Information overload

People who tell lies often try to make it more convincing by including unnecessary information or complex answers that have little or no bearing on the question. This is an attempt to be more persuasive - the mistaken belief that a long answer eliminates suspicion.

Unexpected Compliments

People who avoid the truth find that an unexpected compliment can help to derail a conversation.
You're in luck if someone tries this tactic because it's obvious. A compliment - instead of a response - will seem out of place.

Lies have long been an integral part of every person's life. When telling a lie, people can be guided by different motives: deception can be purposeful, focused on humiliating a person, or it can be unintentional, to save relationships between people.

In this article, we will consider not so much the causes of lies as its signs. You will learn how to activate your inner "lie detector", which will help you to know by the facial expressions of a person and by his gestures he is lying or telling the truth.

The face is the mirror of the soul.
Mark Tullius Cicero

How to recognize a lie by facial expressions?

Of course, you can use such a device as a lie detector, but this is a very expensive device, which, moreover, is quite bulky. Researchers have identified other ways to determine lies.

According to psychologists, a person who wants to deceive tries his best to pass off a lie as the truth. At the same time, the lie is accompanied by certain gestures, body movements, specific intonation.

There are no absolutely identical people. Everyone has a different outlook, everyone feels differently. People lie differently too. However, there is a whole range of signs, according to which we can conclude that in front of you is a liar.

Symmetry and lies

A person tenses up when he lies. And, despite the fact that he is trying hard to hide it, it does not always work out. In addition, the deceiver loses self-control. The tension is noticeable, you only need to observe the left side of the person's body.

You ask - why behind the left?

The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for human emotions and imagination.
The left hemisphere is responsible for the mind and speech.

From this we conclude that the left side is controlled somewhat weaker. However, both hemispheres maintain close contact with each other. What we want to demonstrate to others will appear on the right side, our feelings will be clearly visible on the left side.

What do the emotions and facial expressions on the face of a liar say?

When a person cheats, the sides of his body are not the same. For example, your opponent is actively gesturing with his left hand, but his right hand is not moving. This says one thing: the person is telling a lie. The brain thinks through lies while the body is out of sync.
Perhaps even more information is displayed on our face that a person is lying. Asymmetry indicates a lie. Deceivers rub either their lower or upper lip, and may cough while covering their mouths with their hands.
Lies tend to stress a person. When a person cheats, his complexion changes, his eyelids begin to twitch, and the frequency of blinking increases. The fact is that a person has a desire to close his eyes to everything that happens. By rubbing parts of the body, the brain wants to block the untruth. A slight squint indicates discontent.
Most believe that shifty eyes speak of a person's deceit. But much more often it is the one who keeps looking into the eyes that turns out to be a deceiver.
As a rule, rubbing gestures indicate dishonesty. Psychologists say that a deceiver who is worried pulls the collar of his clothes or simply rubs his neck.
A person is given out by the position in which he sits or stands during a conversation. A self-possessed person can control himself, but he can give himself away by leaning back. The deceiver cannot find a comfortable position, this indicates that this situation is unpleasant for him.
The liar is nervous and uncomfortable, which affects the speed of speech. Some deceivers speak more slowly than under normal circumstances, others pick up the pace.

Video: How to know if a person is telling the truth?

How to recognize lies by gestures?

Every average person in ordinary life is inclined to pretend, put on different masks, each time changing his role. Some of us are more sincere, and change only in a formal setting. And someone is already used to lying (and does it more regularly than he eats). However, do not think that no one will detect a lie. This fact is immediately visible in the non-verbal language of the human body.

There are people who intuitively feel that they are being deceived. But, not every one of us can easily catch the dissonance between words and gestures. How can you guess what a person is really thinking? And is it possible to detect a liar?

Of course you can. And even necessary! It was reading the language of gestures and facial expressions that he devoted his famous book “Body Language. How to read the minds of others by their gestures "famous Australian writer. Being quite young, he has already managed to earn his first million. Including, and thanks to his ability to read non-verbal language.

What are the main gestures and body movements that indicate that the interlocutor is telling a lie?

Step back

If your colleague, during a conversation with you, leaned back with his whole body or only his head, or perhaps began to stagnate at the moment when you asked him a question, then this indicates that he does not want to answer at all. And if so, then he is quite capable of lying to you.

Touching the face

Gestures associated with touching one's face, as a rule, inform us that a person is telling a lie. This gesture is very typical for babies who, having uttered a lie, cover their mouths very quickly, sometimes crossing their fingers in their hands. Less noticeable gestures are also characteristic of adults who already have self-control, hands strongly betray a person.

However, not all gestures associated with touching the face speak of a person's deceit. After all, sneezing, yawning and coughing, we also touch the face. And this fact does not mean at all that a person is lying at this time.

If the gate presses

Observant people have long noticed that liars who are afraid that their lies will be discovered, and trembling at the possibility of exposure, begin to fiddle with the clasp of the collar, bulge the collar of the suit, or simply touch their neck in some way.

Such actions related to the neck, as well as periodic patting on it, may also indicate that the person forgot to fulfill what he promised you, and is now trying to find an excuse for himself.

exaggeration of emotions

During a conversation, the face of a mentally healthy person always expresses any emotions, feelings. A face that does not express anything at all is extremely rare. A person who tells a lie has a face that is too lively in showing his feelings.

The artificiality of emotions, among other things, is complemented by overly expressive gestures. The whole face is playing, but not really playing. And everyone can notice such unnaturalness of the interlocutor.

At the pace

Feeling "out of place" can have an impact on the speed of the speaker's speech. Only the rate of speech in some slows down, while in others it increases sharply. In addition, the intonation of the voice may change: for example, the deceiver may speak in a higher voice or, on the contrary, a slightly lower, coughing one.

It is also worth paying attention to the volume of the voice at the end of the spoken phrase. The liar begins to speak too loudly, or, conversely, too quietly.

How to bring a liar to clean water and avoid mistakes in your conclusions?

In order not to be mistaken, you need to study "body language" not only with respect to gestures that clearly say that a person is lying. In addition, you need to know what body movements are characteristic of a person experiencing fear, boredom, self-doubt, delight, etc.

It is not worth drawing rash conclusions based on any of the above gestures until you evaluate the behavior of a person as a whole.

It is important to note that being overly partial to a person we dislike is often overly subjective. Therefore, all his gestures can be interpreted in a negative direction towards him.

Important notes:

It is much easier to analyze a person's behavior if you have interacted with him repeatedly. If something has changed in his behavior, it will be immediately noticeable, although not always. It happens that at the first glance at a person, discrepancies in body movements and words are already noticeable.
In nature, sometimes there are such skillful liars with the highest self-control that it is almost impossible to figure them out.

The spoken word was, and yes, and no, but the written one lives forever

During various studies of non-verbal language of communication, scientists concluded that most often people lie to each other over the phone, followed by the statistics of evil eye to eye conversations. And least of all people lie to each other in writing. After all, what is written with a pen cannot be cut down with an ax.

SUMMARY: 30 main signs of a lie

We all want to be able to distinguish lies from the truth. After all, so often we become victims of deception when we did not expect it at all. It's so embarrassing! Do not fall for this hook again - liars can be recognized, they give themselves away! Your weapon is knowledge.

We have compiled for you in one list the 30 main signs of a lie. Be sure to read them and remember, everyone needs to know them.

Important clarification:
One of these signs is not enough to accuse a person of lying. Therefore, to be sure, you must detect at least a few signs at once.
And, if you see in a person 5 or more of the signs listed below, then this is already a serious signal that he is deceiving you.

The easiest way to test a person for the truth is to ask him a question, for example: “Did you do this?” and if he clearly answers "no", then most likely he is telling the truth. And if he answers vaguely “How could you think that I did this”, “Do you think that I am capable of this?” - such answers are more likely to indicate a lie of the interlocutor.
The next favorite technique of liars is to laugh off the question. You ask him an uncomfortable question that he doesn't want to answer, and so he gets off with a joke.
Liars love to emphasize their exceptional honesty: they will constantly say the phrases “I swear to you”, “I give you a hand to cut off”, “But it's true, because I never deceived you!”, Etc.
Eye contact. In normal communication, people, on average, maintain eye contact for 2/3 of the entire time of communication. But when a person is lying, then most likely, he will look at you much less often.
The desire to inspire sympathy and sympathy. For example, he will say: “I have a wife and children”, “I have”, or “I am the same as you, I understand you too” ...
Answering a question with a question. You ask him, but he does not want to answer specifically and asks counter questions. " You did it? - Why are you asking?".
The next sign of a liar is that he may refuse to answer for no apparent reason. It would seem that the question is harmless, but he just "stops" and refuses to talk to you.
"Slowed down" emotions. It is normal when a person is informed of some shocking news and he reacts to it with his emotions instantly. But if the liar knew about this in advance, then, of course, he will not succeed in acting out emotions believably. Therefore, pay attention if his emotional reaction does not follow immediately, but with a delay of several seconds.
For example, he stole money from you and you suspect that it could be him. You say: “Imagine, my money was stolen!”. And only after 2-3 seconds he will make an amazing grimace, because it just took time to figure out what to do. A normal person would react instantly.
The next way to distinguish fake emotions is to pay attention to their protractedness. If emotions are artificial and simulated, then they will very often last more than five seconds. The fact is that in real life, human emotions change very quickly, but if a person pretends to be surprised and pretends to be surprised, then this will drag on for quite a long time.
"Dry Sip". Liars have a very dry throat and take a very noticeable sip. You can even watch their Adam's apple move. Therefore, if a person often swallows and coughs during a conversation, this means that he is very worried that he will be bitten.
Asymmetry of facial expressions. In a normal person in a calm state, facial expressions are always symmetrical. That is, if we smile, we smile the same way on both sides. But when you observe that in a person one of the parties acts more strongly than the other, then most likely this emotion is simulated.
Frequent repetition of the question you asked. When a person is honest, he constantly uses different word forms. But when a person lies, he will most likely repeat your question and your phrases and words.
Changing the rate of speech. For example, he spoke normally, and then abruptly slowed down. Also, a sign of a lie is the so-called hitch during a conversation.
Hostile tone. The interlocutor answers very rudely and inadequately: “I am not obliged to answer you!”, “I don’t want to talk to you!”, “I will not answer in that tone!” - this is all an attempt to get away from an uncomfortable question.
The liar restrains himself when answering questions: he is forced to control himself so as not to blurt out too much.
If the opponent always waits a few seconds to think before answering, then most likely he just thought about how to get out of this situation and lie plausibly.
"Running" eyes- a classic sign of a lie. The person seems to explore the whole room around.
You are often asked to "clarify" a question. This is nothing more than the same attempt to gain time to think about further actions.
Masking the essence of the answer with a mass of information not related to the question. Roughly speaking, when asking about "Foma", you get a detailed answer about "Yeryoma".
As a rule, a liar cannot give a detailed explanation and avoids giving details. And if you delve into the details, then he will generally begin to get confused in them.
If at first the interlocutor answered questions, but suddenly he lost all desire to speak, this means that he was simply tired of lying.
One of the favorite attempts of liars is to move on to another topic.
Another sign of lying is that the liar will oppose your attempt to get to the heart of the problem. You will just feel that he does not want you to get to the bottom of the truth.
How the person moves towards you. If a person is honest and does not hide anything, then on a subconscious level, he will move closer and closer to you. And if the opponent is lying, understands this and is afraid to be revealed, then on the contrary, he moves away from you somewhat, thereby trying to get away from the problem situation as soon as possible.
Attempts to inflict direct insult. This indicates a VERY nervous state.
Stepping from foot to foot will also indicate a person's lies.
Covers face, forehead or neck with palm.
It scratches the nose or earlobe.
The appearance of trembling in the voice. Perhaps even the appearance of stuttering, if it was not there before.
If your interlocutor is lying, then often a slight smile appears on his face, and this smile has 2 reasons:
A way to relieve stress.
Masking true emotions.

Despite the fact that lies are found everywhere in life, there is a list of gestures that help to recognize them. This, in turn, is used to reveal the truth, and to find out the main nuances of the case that the person wanted to hide.

The easiest way to recognize a person who is telling a lie is video. It perfectly visible facial expressions, which are characteristic of a liar.

When telling information that is a lie in advance, a person constantly experiences excitement. It is easily caught in the sound of a voice, a running glance, a sharp change in movements. When a lie is announced, a person abruptly begins to involuntarily change intonation. There is a sharp acceleration in the voice or, conversely, a smooth slowdown in the conversation and stretching.
If a person is very worried about the information that he conveys, the voice of the interlocutor will tremble. At the same time, changes in combination with other signs affect the timbre and volume of the voice, hoarseness appears, or a person pronounces words in high notes.
Another sign by which it is easy to determine that they are lying to you is the appearance of a shifty glance. Such behavior is interpreted as a natural sign of a manifestation of insincerity of a person. True, if you are interviewing a candidate or caught people in an awkward situation, then a shifty look means shyness and even a kind of anxiety. If this happens when discussing a personal issue, the reliability of the information provided by people should still be checked and treated with doubt. This behavior is primarily associated with a state of shame, as it becomes embarrassing for the uttered lie.
Experts in the civil service easily determine whether a person is lying or not by his smile. When people reproduce false information, a smile may involuntarily appear on their faces. There are also cheerful people for whom such a demeanor is the norm, but for the rest, an inappropriate smile expresses a lie in relation to the question asked. This is explained by the fact that, thanks to a slight smile, a person manages to internally hide his excitement and pronounce a lie much more believably.

Mimicry that indicates a lie

In addition to external excitement and a shifty look, you can determine a lie with the help of signs on the face. If you take a close look at the interlocutor, then pay attention to the microtension along the contour of the facial muscles. On this occasion, they say about a lying person that “a shadow ran across his face”. Such tension on the face lasts literally 1-2 seconds. Experts note that the manifestation of instant tension in the facial muscles is an accurate indicator of insincerity.

Of the other indicators in the facial expressions of a lie that recognize lies, is the appearance of an involuntary reaction on the skin and other parts of the face of the interlocutor. Here, a change in the color shade of the skin is taken into account (the interlocutor will turn red or turn pale), the pupils dilate, the lips tremble, and both eyes blink frequently. However, the change in color and facial expressions do not end with the factors for determining lies. Gestures are of great importance for determining that the interlocutor uttered a lie.

What human gestures cannot be trusted

American researchers conducted a large number of experiments, during which they were able to identify those gestures that indicate a lie. The main ones are:

involuntary touching of the face with a hand;
covering the mouth with hands;
constant rubbing or any other touching of the nose;
gestures in the eye area (rubbing, touching the eyelids);
periodic pulling of the collar of a shirt or sweater.

By gestures, you will understand at which point in the conversation they will lie to you. In principle, a person can show both lies and his uncertainty with gestures. In this case, an example is a regular interview. When announcing duties, a person is often simply not sure that he will fulfill all the duties assigned to him. However, in other cases, involuntary gestures should be trusted and clarified what the person is hiding from you.

One of the main points is the understanding that gestures and facial expressions should be trusted only if their manifestations are systemic. To put it simply, gestures will never become a specific criterion for determining lies. For a full assessment, experts record a person on video and compare facial expressions and gestures.

How to stimulate the expression of facial expressions and gestures during a lie

If the interlocutor introduced himself as a calm person and it is impossible to read on his face whether he is trying to lie or not, you need to bring the interlocutor out of balance.

First of all, this is easy to do with the help of leading questions. At the same time, questions should be asked in such a way that, in the case of an honest person, he did not recognize the trick, and the liar, on the contrary, had the feeling that he was caught, and you already know all the information.
During a conversation, ask the interlocutor for advice for a friend who finds himself in an awkward situation in which the person opposite is suspected. If you have a sincere interlocutor in front of you, then he will give advice, as he thinks, and it will not be possible to recognize changes in gestures and facial expressions on him. If the interlocutor decided to deceive, he will begin to awkwardly joke and get nervous.
In addition, another technique is to tell a person that you can and masterfully master the tools for recognizing lies by gestures and facial expressions. Then the person will be afraid of being exposed, and will show just the signs of a liar - he will periodically look to the sides, fiddle with his tie or collar, erect obstacles from objects on the table between you.

How to recognize a lie

To recognize whether the interlocutor actually lied or not, the following reaction will help you:

Change in expression of emotions and slowing down of reaction. Speech can start incoherently and end abruptly.
There is little time between the spoken words and the accompanying emotion. A person who speaks to you in a sincere tone immediately shows an emotional coloring along with the spoken words.
If the expression on the face of the interlocutor does not agree with what has just been said, he is lying.
In the case when, when expressing emotions on a person’s face, only a slight smile appears or only facial muscles are involved, it means that he is hiding something from you.
When a person tells a lie, he seems to be physically trying to "shrink". This is accompanied by an attempt to take up as little space as possible in the chair, with one movement to press your hands to yourself and take an uncomfortable position for sitting.
The interlocutor avoids meeting your eyes.
Constantly touches or scratches their ears, eyes, or nose.
Periodically turns away from you, while tilting both his head and the entire body. This symbolizes an unpleasant course of conversation for the interlocutor on a given topic.
When talking, he unconsciously places objects between himself and you: a napkin, a vase, wine glasses, a chair. Thus, a person creates a kind of "protective barrier" around him.
During the answer to the specified question, he uses only those words that he heard from the question itself.
Gives much more detail and answers the question far more extensively than is generally required. Thus, he tries to better mask the thoughtful lie with other facts that supposedly will divert the interlocutor's attention.

Knowing the list of changes in the behavior and facial expressions of people indicated in the article, you can accurately determine whether they are telling you a lie or not.