How is the process of conception by day. The process of conception by day

fertilization- penetration of the sperm into the egg

ovum division after fertilization and its movement through the fallopian tubes

For it to come ovulation, an immature egg (follicle) in one of the ovaries matures under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone, which is secreted by the pituitary gland. As the follicle matures, luteinizing hormone is produced. Under its influence, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg. This is ovulation, which usually occurs in the middle of each normal menstrual cycle. After ovulation, the egg travels into one of the fallopian tubes and from there into the uterus. Usually, the egg is capable of fertilization within twelve hours. If fertilization does not occur during this time, she dies and is excreted during menses along with menstrual flow.

For conception to occur, the sperm must already be in the fallopian tubes at that time. time when the egg is capable of fertilization. The spermatozoon, being in the genital tract of a woman after ejaculation, usually does not die for another 48-72 hours. So about four days monthly, most favorable for conception.

For conception to occur, the sperm must penetrate the membranes of the egg. A large number of spermatozoa are involved in the dissolution of the outer shell, but only one can connect with the egg. The egg and sperm combine to form one cell (zygote), which divides into two, then four, and so on. Each cell of the fetus contains the chromosomes of the mother and father, which form the individual genetic code of the child.

After conception the developing fetus passes through the fallopian tubes into the uterus. The cells continue to divide and form a ball called a morula. After about four days, fluid accumulates in the center of the morula and a cavity is created. This structure is called the blastocyst. After a few days, protrusions called chorionic villi form on the blastocyst. They penetrate the wall of the uterus and are fixed in it. This process is called implantation. Implantation occurs about twenty days after the last menses. In it time after conception first signspregnancy usually absent.

When planning conception, it is necessary to consider that:

Ovulation may not occur in the middle of the cycle. In young girls and in violation menstrual cycle, the ovaries often work irregularly, and therefore ovulation may occur earlier or later. The time of ovulation may depend on the emotional and mental state of the woman, which affects the hormonal balance.

Various diseases affect a woman's ability to conceive and the ability to implant a fertilized egg in the uterus.

Very common lately asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases and tumors. Even pathological vaginal discharge with such diseases is not always the case. Without analyzes it is difficult to distinguish them from normal secretions. With a hidden course of female diseases, there are no stomach ache, bleeding, menstrual irregularities and other symptoms. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Favorable days for conceiving a child

Conception- first stage pregnancy. Sometimes, in order for conception to happen faster, preparation is necessary. To choose fertile days better according to conception calendar. Male germ cells are able to maintain their activity in a woman's body for several days. If there is no ovulation during this period, then conception will not occur, and they will die. Most favorable time for conceiving children- this is day ovulation.

Since the lifespan of an egg is about 12 hours, sexual intercourse in days before ovulation is more preferable for conception of a child, how after ovulation, since it takes about a day for sperm to get into the fallopian tube. Define day ovulation and calculate auspicious days for conception possible by basal temperature chart, but this method is complicated and imprecise. You can also do it yourself in the middle of the menstrual cycle tests for ovulation and consult a gynecologist who, using analysis secretions, Ultrasound, hormone tests, will determine the day of ovulation with an accuracy of 1-2 days. Some women subjectively feel ovulation - they feel pain in the lower abdomen, swelling and soreness of the mammary glands, nausea, they note the release of ovulatory viscous abundant mucus from the genital tract on the day of ovulation. Sometimes there is discharge during ovulation bloody. Ovulation in different women can occur on different days. Therefore, after determining the days of ovulation for three menstrual cycles, a woman can draw up an individual conception calendar.

Fertility calendar for ovulation in the middle of the menstrual cycle

Poses for conception

It is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse for 3-5 days before ovulation for the maturation of spermatozoa. For conception, it is better if a woman lies on her back during intercourse. After its completion, you can put a pillow under the buttocks and raise your legs. This posture need to save some time. In this case, the cervix will be immersed in the sperm located in the posterior fornix of the vagina. Also facilitate the penetration of spermatozoa into the cervical canal and conception helps knee-elbow pose during or after intercourse. Most young women who are newly sexually active do not experience orgasm during intercourse. The presence of an orgasm does not affect conception.

Days before conception and after conception

AT days before conception child and after conception, drinking alcohol by spouses should be excluded, since alcohol has a damaging effect on female and male sex cells. It is necessary to avoid other harmful factors - smoking, household chemicals, x-rays, drugs. If the spouses are not healthy, it is better to postpone conception until recovery. In the case of long-term use of medications and chronic diseases, you should consult your doctor about their possible effect on conception and pregnancy.

Days after conception before the first delay of menstruation signspregnancy usually absent.

The best time to conceive a child

The biggest plus for conception at any time year is the very fact of pregnancy, especially if it is long-awaited.

conception in summer

When conceived in the summer, the first trimester pregnancy falls in the summer-autumn, childbirth - in the spring months. The advantages of this time for conception include good natural fortification of the body, the opportunity to spend more time outdoors, and a favorable epidemiological situation for acute respiratory infections in the first trimester of pregnancy. But childbirth and the formation of lactation occur in the most hypovitaminous season of the year, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient supply of essential nutrients to the female body.

Conception in autumn

The first trimester of pregnancy falls on autumn-winter, childbirth - in the summer months. At the same time, a good natural fortification of the woman's body during the period of conception, before childbirth and during the formation of lactation.

But the first trimester falls on an epidemiologically unfavorable season - influenza outbreaks, acute respiratory infections. In the first trimester, the fetus is especially vulnerable to infection. This should be taken into account when a woman is prone to colds.

Part of the last trimester of pregnancy will take place in hot summer conditions. This should be considered for women who do not tolerate heat well and need plenty of fluids. The heat complicates the fight against late toxicosis of pregnancy, worsens the well-being of the expectant mother, it is difficult to maintain a drinking regimen at high temperatures.

conception in winter

The first trimester of pregnancy falls in the winter-spring, childbirth - in the fall. Plus, conception at this time is a good natural fortification in the last trimester of pregnancy, during childbirth and in the period of lactation.

But the first trimester of pregnancy falls on the peak of epidemic trouble in terms of influenza and acute respiratory infections. And at this time, as mentioned earlier, the embryo is most sensitive to the effects of infection.

conception in the spring

The first trimester of pregnancy falls on spring-summer, childbirth - in the winter. The disadvantages include the peak of hypovitaminization of parental organisms at the time of conception and early pregnancy, the unfavorable epidemic situation in terms of acute respiratory infections and influenza during conception in the first half of spring.

Conception of a child - a boy or a girl.

It is believed that compliance with certain rules before conception guarantees conception of a child a certain gender. Statistics do not confirm the effectiveness of any of the "folk" methods of planning the sex of the child, positive results when these rules are observed are random.

All the "folk" methods of planning the sex of a child listed below do not have any scientific justification, however, with strong faith in them, they may be effective. With regard to following the described diets, one should be especially careful, since none of them is complete in terms of nutritional composition, which can adversely affect the health of the mother and child.

Folk methods of conceiving a boy or girl

To conceive a boy it is necessary in even years of life to plan conception for odd months or in odd years - for even. It is believed that sex is necessary at night, when there is a month in the sky, and not a full moon, and there is no precipitation. It should be cool in the bedroom, the window should be open, you should lie with your head to the north, you should put some “male” attribute under the pillow - a toy gun, a typewriter. More likely to conceive a boy in those couples where the husband is more sexually active than the wife. During intercourse, a man should reach orgasm earlier than a woman, and after sex, future parents are advised not to sleep for a long time. Before sexual intercourse, the husband should wash the testicles with cold water, which will increase the activity of spermatozoa. Before the onset of an important night, for at least three weeks, a woman should eat meat and fish products, potatoes, mushrooms, drink tea, coffee, forgetting about milk and dairy products, as well as bread and egg yolks. All dishes must be salted.

To conceive a girl the year and month of the onset of pregnancy can be either even or odd. The day must be rainy, the phase of the moon is the full moon. In these cases, you need to have sex in the evening, in a room painted in pink tones, lie with your head to the south, and put a pink ribbon under the pillow. The window should be closed, and the air in the room should be scented. Girls are guaranteed to couples where the wife is more sexually active than the husband. In the conception of a girl, the observance of a milk diet helps, fish, bread, carrots, cucumbers, herbs are allowed, the consumption of dried fruits, meat is limited, carbonated water, salt and spices are excluded. The future father of the girl should warm the genitals with warm underwear to reduce the activity of male germ cells.

One of the often discussed methods of planning the sex of a child has the sonorous name "blood renewal". It is believed that in men the blood is renewed every 4, and in women - every 3 years. If a person had some kind of operation or blood loss during his life, then the countdown does not start from the birthday, but from the date of this blood loss. Thus, the age or time from the last blood loss is divided by 4 for men, and 3 for women (with Rh-negative blood in the mother, the opposite is true - for men, the denominator will be 3, and for women - 4). Whoever has a larger balance (mom or dad), he has a more “young”, strong blood, therefore, the child will be of the same sex. The method has not received any scientific justification.

Conception of a boy or girl from a scientific point of view

According to statistics, 106 boys are born for every 100 girls. Even more male embryos are formed, but male embryos, as well as boys of the first year of life, die more often. Dangerous games, men's professions, wars, bad habits often lead to the death of adult men. By reproductive age, the sex ratio becomes approximately 1 to 1.

The sex cells of a man and a woman contain one sex chromosome and 22 somatic (non-sex) each - a sperm cell and an egg contain 23 chromosomes each. When a sperm and an egg merge during fertilization, an individual genotype of a girl (46XX) or a boy (46XY) is formed. Gender is determined by the combination of two sex chromosomes: girls have a combination of XX, and boys have XY. In a woman, all eggs contain one X chromosome (there are no other sex chromosomes in the female body). Male spermatozoa are of two types: with the X chromosome and with the Y chromosome. If the egg is fertilized by X-spermatozoon, a girl will be born, if Y - a boy. Thus, the sex of the child depends on the male germ cell! Therefore, claims to the wife about the sex of the child born on the part of the pope are completely unfounded. For the same reason, all methods of planning the sex of the child related to the expectant mother are unreasonable. A woman can pass on only the X chromosome to her child, and the second chromosome - X or Y, on which it will depend whether a boy or a girl is born, the child's father transmits.

Some methods of planning the sex of the child are based on scientifically based facts. They are difficult to use for women with an irregular cycle, in which it is difficult to determine the exact day of ovulation. In healthy women with a regular menstrual cycle, the date of ovulation may also shift.

Planning the sex of the child by the date of ovulation.

To increase the likelihood conception of a boy, you need to have sexual intercourse on ovulation time. The method is based on the differences between X- and Y-spermatozoa. The X chromosome is much larger than the Y chromosome. X-spermatozoa are slower, but more viable. Fertilization of the egg by the sperm is possible after its release from the ovary - after ovulation. If sexual intercourse was a few days before ovulation, then the likelihood increases conception of a girl, because, most likely, only hardy X-spermatozoa remained in the female genital tract, which will get the honorable mission of fertilization. If, however, future parents manage to abstain from sex for at least a week before the day of ovulation, and sexual intercourse occurs on the day of ovulation, then the likelihood of conceiving a boy increases, since the extremely mobile Y-spermatozoa will be the first to reach the egg, ahead of the X-spermatozoa. 2-3 days before ovulation, the environment in the vagina is more acidic, which contributes to the rapid death of Y-sperm. During ovulation, the pH of the medium becomes slightly alkaline, which contributes to the survival of Y-spermatozoa.

The dependence of the sex of the child on the sexual activity of the parents.

With frequent sexual intercourse (daily or every other day), boys are born more often because the probability of fertilization by fast Y-spermatozoa is higher. With low sexual activity, the probability of giving birth to a girl increases, X-spermatozoa remain viable until ovulation in the female genital tract (up to 5 days after intercourse).

Practical advice.

A woman needs to determine the time of ovulation for several menstrual cycles using a basal temperature chart, an ovulation test, or using a daily ultrasound - from approximately the 10th day of the menstrual cycle until the release of the egg from the ovary. With ultrasound, a maturing (dominant) follicle containing an egg is clearly visible. It disappears after ovulation, and a corpus luteum forms in its place. Some women subjectively feel ovulation, for example, they feel pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, they note the release of ovulatory mucus from the genital tract on the day of ovulation - such mucus is viscous, quite plentiful. When planning to conceive a daughter, intercourse should be 2-3 days before the calculated date of ovulation, if you want to conceive a son, you should abstain from sex at least 2-3 days before ovulation, and intercourse should occur during ovulation.

Separation of spermatozoa into X and Y using special procedures.

The spermatozoa are separated using laser technology. After performing one of these procedures, the egg is fertilized in a test tube with a selected spermatozoon, an embryo of the desired sex is obtained and it is introduced into the uterine cavity (in vitro fertilization).

Even this scientifically based method of planning the sex of a child does not give one hundred percent guarantee. The possible genetic changes in the application of procedures for artificial sorting of spermatozoa have not been fully studied. In the future, sperm separation may help solve the problem of preventing hereditary diseases associated with sex.

None of the methods of planning the sex of the child gives a 100% guarantee. The appearance in the family of a healthy child of any gender, a boy or a girl, is a happy event.

Artificial insemination

Intrauterine insemination the husband's or donor's sperm is produced when the immunological incompatibility of the married couple is established or when the fertilizing ability of the husband's sperm is reduced. On a pregnancy-friendly day of the menstrual cycle, pre-treated sperm is injected into the woman's uterus. The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility is quite high. It is advisable to repeat the procedure for 4 cycles.

in vitro fertilization outside the uterus with subsequent transfer of embryos into the uterus of the mother (IVF) is performed with persistent obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Those stages of development of the egg and embryo, which normally take place in the fallopian tube in the first 2-3 days after fertilization, during IVF occur under artificial conditions - “in vitro”. The IVF method consists of several stages:

prescribing to a woman drugs that stimulate the growth of several follicles in the egg - superovulation induction

assessment of ovarian response to induction using ultrasound and hormonal studies

determining when to puncture the follicles using ultrasound and determining the concentration of hormones

puncture of follicles, extraction of eggs from them, placing them in a special environment

collection and preparation of spermatozoa

connection of eggs and spermatozoa insemination of eggs in a test tube and their placement in an incubator for 24-42 hours

transfer of embryos from a test tube to the mother's uterus

prescribing drugs that support implantation and development of embryos in the uterus

diagnosis of pregnancy

management of pregnancy and childbirth

The success rate of IVF is currently 30% on average. This is a high percentage, given that the probability of conception in a healthy man and woman in the same menstrual cycle is about 30%. Due to the high efficiency of IVF, today this method is used in almost all forms of infertility. With IVF, preimplantation diagnosis of hereditary diseases is possible. The frequency of genetic diseases in children born through IVF does not exceed that in children conceived in the usual way.

Surrogacy. The ovum obtained from the woman is fertilized with the husband's sperm. The resulting embryo is transferred to the uterus of another woman, the so-called surrogate or biological mother. The surrogate mother bears the child and after giving birth gives it to the owner of the eggs - the genetic mother.

Of course, we do not choose the day of conception of our baby - it largely depends on the will of chance. But it is in our power to influence the fact that this day will come sooner or later. For this, not much is needed - only the implementation of simple rules and elementary knowledge of physiology.

Many women panic if pregnancy does not occur within two to three months after they have given up contraception.

However, for healthy couples with regular sexual activity, the typical picture looks like this:

60 out of every 100 couples can conceive a child within six months;
80 out of every 100 couples can conceive a child within one year;
90 out of every 100 couples can conceive a child within two years.

Despite the fact that any of these three situations is the norm, we can speed up conception somewhat by following certain rules.

How conception occurs: a little physiology

In order for a little man, a boy or a girl, to be born, two cells must meet: the male - the spermatozoon and the female - the egg. When they merge, a fetal egg is formed - a zygote.

Every month, under the action of the hormones of the pituitary gland (an endocrine gland located in the brain), a tiny follicle vesicle matures in the ovary, which contains the egg. The walls of the follicle produce female hormones - estrogens, due to which the follicle grows to the size of a small cherry and bursts in the middle of the menstrual cycle, releasing the egg. This process is called ovulation. After leaving the ovary, the egg is "captured" by the villi of the fallopian tube and, thanks to its contractions, moves towards the uterus. The ovum retains its ability to fertilize for an average of 24 hours.

Spermatozoa are produced in the paired male gonads, the testicles. The cycle of their formation is 70-75 days. During sexual intercourse, 3-5 milliliters of semen enters the woman's vagina, which contains 300-500 million spermatozoa. Only a part of them gets into the cervical mucus inside the cervical drip. Before reaching the egg, the sperm! to cross the uterine cavity and get into the fallopian tube. This way they do in 2-2.5 hours, and retain their fertilizing ability in the fallopian tube, according to various sources, from 2 to 7 days. In order for fertilization to occur, the spermatozoon must overcome the barrier of cells of the radiant crown that surrounds the egg and the shell of the egg. For this, the "strength" of one sperm is not enough - an "attack" is necessary

100 to 400 thousand spermatozoa, although only one of them will penetrate the egg!

During the first 12 hours after fertilization, the male female nuclei converge and the genetic material combines to form a zygote - a single-celled embryo. During fertilization, the embryo begins to move along the fallopian tube into the uterine cavity. As the embryo moves through the fallopian tube, its cells divide, then the embryo falls into the uterine cavity, where on the 11th - 12th day after conception, it is implanted - introduced into the uterine mucosa.

So, for the onset of pregnancy, the following conditions are necessary:

1. The readiness of the body as a whole to ensure the normal development of the fetus, which ensures the "general level of health.

Even if you consider yourself absolutely healthy, it is useful to be convinced of this again by being examined by a general practitioner, gynecologist, dentist, and maybe genetics. It's time to start leading a healthy lifestyle: have a good rest (optimally - spend a vacation in nature); "tie up" with bad habits; limit contacts with household chemicals and the use of pharmacological agents as much as possible, because this can negatively affect not only the health of the expectant mother, but also the formation and development of the baby.

2. Maturation in the ovary of an egg capable of fertilization, ovulation, entry of the egg into the fallopian tube.

In order for this complex mechanism to work, a clear functioning of the hormonal system of the woman's body is necessary. This system works best in women whose body weight is close to the medical norm.

Recently, the press has been strongly advised to women who want to give birth to a child of a particular sex to adhere to a certain diet. It is not known how effective this method is in planning the floor, because there are no scientific works on this topic, but one thing is certain; the nutrition of a woman who decides to become a mother must be balanced. The main custodians of a maturing egg are foods containing vitamin C: vegetable oils, eggs, grain bread, buckwheat and oatmeal, legumes, nuts. The richest in vitamin E are germinated wheat grains, including flakes and flour from them. Another important vitamin is folic acid. 400 mcg of folic acid per day significantly reduces the likelihood of having children with disorders such as malformations of the central nervous system and spine. Folic acid is sold in all pharmacies, it is also found in products: fresh herbs (with the exception of parsley), cabbage, beets, carrots, potatoes with peel, bran, nuts, seeds. Taking folic acid before pregnancy significantly reduces the chance of malformations. If you live in an iodine deficient area, switch to iodized salt or take 100 micrograms of potassium iodide per day. All this is true only if you do not suffer from thyroid diseases: in this case, the doctor will give you individual recommendations. Without iodine, the thyroid gland cannot function normally; in women with a reduced function of this gland, ovulation occurs very rarely. In addition, a lack of iodine can subsequently adversely affect the mental development of the child.

To insure yourself and your future baby, start taking multivitamin preparations 2-3 months before conception. The use of oral contraceptives is recommended to stop 2-3 months before the planned conception. Sometimes, after long-term use of oral contraceptives, a complication occurs - the absence of menstruation and the possibility of conception within 6 months after stopping their use.

There are other causes of ovulation disorders in women. Constant stress in a business woman can lead to a complete absence of ovulation while maintaining menstruation.

Ovulation disorders can also be due to intense physical exertion. There are two reasons for this. The first is the rapid loss of adipose tissue, and the second is the increased release of endorphins - brain chemicals (these chemicals, by the way, are also called pleasure hormones). They can affect prolactin levels in women, and prolactin is a hormone that promotes successful breastfeeding but prevents egg maturation. Isn't that why our grandmothers advised women who wanted to have a baby to lead a quiet life, play with children more often, sew beautiful children's things, read children's books? All this "tunes" the body to conception.

3. Sufficient number of motile spermatozoa in semen and their ability to fertilize an egg.

One of the main myths is the connection between potency and infertility. In reality, a man with a very weak potency can have good sperm for conception, and a "sexual giant" can suffer from infertility. Moreover, too frequent intercourse does not increase the couple's ability to conceive. The likelihood of conception during repeated sexual intercourse is reduced due to the fact that the second portion of sperm contains fewer full-fledged spermatozoa, and excess volume leads to its leakage from the woman's vagina. When ejaculation occurs at long intervals, this is also bad. It is not so much the number of spermatozoa that decreases, but their mobility - they no longer rush to the goal so quickly. Optimal for the full maturation of spermatozoa is the rhythm of sexual activity every other day (3 times a week) during the period of probable ovulation with the desired abstinence 4-5 days the day before.

Of course, the likelihood of pregnancy depends on the quality of the sperm. And the main risk factor is a man's lifestyle. So, low physical activity, sedentary work and excess weight, as well as smoking, can lead to stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs of a man and inflammation. Spermatogenesis (sperm maturation), like the female menstrual cycle, is regulated by the hormonal system of the body. Therefore, if a man takes anabolic steroids (these hormones can be used to treat certain diseases, but more often - to build muscle in men involved in sports), then the natural balance of hormones in the body is disturbed and leads to male infertility.

There is another, characteristic only for men, factor that affects reproduction. This is overheating. The number of sperm produced in the testicles increases at temperatures slightly below general body temperature. It is known that those who visit the sauna twice a week have a statistically higher risk of developing male infertility compared to those who bathe once a week. For the same reason, a man who wants to become a father should not wear tight synthetic underwear and tight pants, as this can increase the temperature of the testicles. Any febrile conditions (fever) lead to a deterioration in sperm quality, and such a decrease in sperm quality can last up to three months - this is how long each sperm cell in the testicle continues to mature.

Weight and pregnancy

A sharp decrease in body weight by 10% per month, as well as a weight of less than 45 kg with an average height, leads to the cessation of menstruation. Researchers have found that body fat can indeed produce and store estrogen, the hormone that prepares the body for pregnancy. But not only the low content of this hormone is bad, but also the high one. Therefore, if you are overweight, try to lose weight, but only gradually, no starvation!

Another common and rather dangerous risk factor for infertility in men is chronic stress. From a biological point of view, offspring should be born in the most favorable environmental conditions. Such regulation is ensured by the close relationship between the sexual and all other systems of the body, primarily the nervous system.

4. Normal environment in the vagina, uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, which ensures the active movement of spermatozoa.

If you want to get pregnant, do not use vaginal lubricants (lubricants). They sometimes contain substances that change the acid-base environment of the vagina and destroy sperm. If you can't do without them, try using egg white for the few days of the month when you can conceive, unless you're allergic to chicken eggs. Egg white has the least effect on sperm motility and survival.

Any infection in a woman's genital tract, as well as the use of various vaginal medications, antibacterial and flavored hygiene products, douching, also disrupts the acid-base environment in the vagina, which also reduces the chances of pregnancy.

5. "Meeting" of the egg with spermatozoa and optimal conditions for the fusion of germ cells.

For sexual intercourse for the purpose of fertilization, the most favorable moment is when ovulation is about to begin, because the mucous lining of the cervix becomes extremely sensitive, and spermatozoa have enough time to enter the fallopian tubes, where they wait for the moment of ovulation. With a regular sexual life and the correct menstrual cycle, there is no need to specifically calculate this moment. However, there are times when it would be nice to know the exact date of ovulation. The simplest and most accurate method is to use special test strips to determine the level of luteinizing hormone. Modern tests look and use the same as pregnancy tests. The test strip must be placed under the stream of urine; The appearance of two stripes indicates ovulation. In addition, the day of ovulation can be tracked by ultrasound, changes in basal body temperature (temperature measured in the rectum), using a special device according to the pattern of saliva crystallization, using the calendar method.

Another important point for the "meeting" of the sperm and the egg is the posture during intercourse. There is no connection between the sex of the unborn child and the position at conception, no matter how much we would like it, but it is possible to increase the likelihood of conception with the help of the position. It depends on the mechanics of sexual intercourse on which part of the vagina the sperm enters. In some positions (for example, a woman on top or a standing position), it can be difficult to achieve deep penetration of the penis, so some of the sperm will simply be lost. The position "man on top" or "man behind" will be optimal. It is better if 20-30 minutes after intercourse a woman lies on her back with raised legs. Laziness in this case may be more useful than any posture during sexual intercourse.

Of course, the most important thing is that sex gives joy and pleasure. If a woman reaches orgasm, the chance of conception is higher: due to the contraction of the cervix during orgasm, the sperm are literally drawn into the uterus.

6. The unhindered passage of the embryo through the fallopian tube and its entry into the uterine cavity, the readiness of the uterine mucosa to "accept" the embryo.

In addition to the anatomical features in the woman's body at this stage, the use of intrauterine devices on the eve of conception can be negatively affected. After removal of the spiral, it is recommended to refrain from conception for 2-3 cycles to restore the functioning of the uterus and fallopian tubes and, therefore, reduce the risk of spontaneous miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.

We plan the time of conception

As for the time of day, it is believed that couples who make love in the afternoon (around 5 p.m.) have the best chances of pregnancy. At this time of day in the body of a man, the number of active spermatozoa is maximum.

As for the season, most doctors agree that the optimal time to conceive a child is the beginning of autumn. The fact is that in every woman with a normal menstrual cycle and fairly good health, in 10% of cycles, the egg does not mature and fertilization is impossible, i.e. ovulation may not be 1-2 times a year. More often, such cycles occur in severe winters with short daylight hours and in unusually hot summer months.

The Czech doctor O. Jonas went even further. He argues that, along with the menstrual cycle, there is a second, individual, cycle of the greatest predisposition to conception, set already from birth and accompanying the entire reproductive period of a woman's life with incredible accuracy.

This second cycle is oriented to the phase of the moon that preceded the birth of this woman. The greatest probability of conception occurs on the days of the intersection of these two cycles. No matter how controversial such a statement, there is a certain amount of truth in this. Most likely, the phases of the moon are associated with biorhythms, according to which the hormonal and psychological state of the body changes.

How is the conception of a child? This question worries many young couples who are going to have offspring. Everyone knows that fertilization is most likely during periods of fertility, when the egg is mature enough for this. These processes, unique in their nature, give rise to a new life, the development of which in the mother's body adheres to the program set for all for 9 months. However, in order to keep them under control, it is necessary to understand when and how the process of conceiving a child occurs.

The mechanism of the conception process

In a simplified way, the whole mechanism consists of several steps, the first of which is fertilization, which is, in essence, the penetration of the most active of the spermatozoa into the egg. They then fuse to form a zygote and the zygote is placed in the uterus to become a fetus.

The most favorable period for the formation of pregnancy falls precisely in the middle of the menstrual cycle, when an egg ready for fertilization processes comes out of the ovaries, that is, ovulation occurs. It is this moment that is able to provide an opportunity for the birth of a new organism and it will last no more than a day and a half. In the case when fertilization does not occur, the egg, without waiting for the sperm, dies and is brought out with menstruation. Sometimes it happens that a woman does not form 1 fetal egg, but 2 or even several, then when they are fertilized by a sperm, two or more children are obtained - twins, triplets, etc. If an egg that has already passed fertilization divides, then twins are born.

How does the process of conceiving a child occur?

At ovulation, millions of sperm rush to the cervix, located at the back of the vagina. In order for the fertilization of the egg and the process of conception to take place, the spermatozoon has to do the following:

pass through the cervix (about 2 cm);
overcome 5 cm of the uterine cavity;
pass through the fallopian tube, the length of which is on average 12 cm.

The entire advance takes at least two to three hours, after which the sperm connects with the egg in the ampulla.

Difficulties of the way

The environment of the vagina is not very conducive to the life of the sperm, so most of them are not able to reach the uterus and die in the vagina after 2 hours. The process of fertilization in the egg is possible only with a sufficient number of spermatozoa that have entered the uterus and become active in it. In the future, spermatozoa move along the fallopian tube, in which fertilization itself occurs. When the egg is not fully prepared for the processes of further development, spermatozoa are able to wait for it with the preservation of their abilities for several days. In order for the entire process of conception to be successful, the temperature during this period is maintained within 37.

Detailed description by day

How does the process of conceiving a child take place with the most significant changes that are characteristic of this period? Briefly, this picture looks like this:

Help of modern achievements

It is important how modern achievements in the field of gynecology allow solving many problems in those who cannot independently achieve a successful pregnancy. The problem is not that one or both spouses are defective, they produce both full-fledged eggs and viable sperm, but there are some barriers to success. This can happen in cases where the spermatozoa cannot meet the egg due to obstruction of the tubes, or their mobility is insufficient at this moment and the spermatozoon does not have time to reach the egg.

Interesting video:

Insufficient sperm count can also be a significant cause of infertility. Even reasons such as incompatibility at the immunological level and unexplained causes can disrupt reproductive functions. Medicine in such a case is able to conceive a child in a test tube, that is, to conduct IVF. For this procedure, an egg is taken, which is fertilized with a sperm, after which the fertilized egg is transplanted into the uterine cavity of a woman. Such a procedure is quite natural and in the future the fetus develops as usual.

Many women panic if pregnancy does not occur within two to three months after they have given up contraception. However, for healthy couples with regular sexual activity, the typical picture looks like this:

60 out of every 100 couples can conceive a child within six months;

80 out of every 100 couples can conceive a child within one year;

90 out of every 100 couples can conceive a child within two years.

Despite the fact that any of these three situations is the norm, we can speed up conception somewhat by following certain rules.

A bit of physiology

In order for a child to be born, a boy or a girl, two cells must meet: the male - the spermatozoon and the female - the egg. When they merge, a fetal egg is formed - a zygote.

Every month, under the action of the hormones of the pituitary gland (an endocrine gland located in the brain), a tiny follicle vesicle matures in the ovary, which contains the egg. The walls of the follicle produce female hormones - estrogens, due to which the follicle grows to the size of a small cherry and bursts in the middle of the menstrual cycle, releasing the egg. This process is called ovulation. After leaving the ovary, the egg is “captured” by the villi of the fallopian tube and, thanks to its contractions, moves towards the uterus. The ovum retains its ability to fertilize for an average of 24 hours.

Spermatozoa are produced in the paired male gonads, the testicles. The cycle of their formation is 70-75 days. During sexual intercourse, 3-5 milliliters of semen, which contains 300-500 million spermatozoa, enters the woman's vagina. Only a part of them gets into the cervical mucus inside the cervical canal. Before reaching the egg, the sperm must cross the uterine cavity and enter the fallopian tube. They make this path in 2-2.5 hours, and retain their fertilizing ability in the fallopian tube, according to various sources, from 2 to 7 days. In order for fertilization to occur, the spermatozoon must overcome the barrier of cells of the radiant crown that surrounds the egg and the shell of the egg. For this, the “forces” of one sperm are not enough - an “attack” of 100 to 400 thousand sperm is necessary, although only one of them will penetrate the egg!

During the first 12 hours after fertilization, the male and female nuclei come together and the genetic material combines to form a zygote - a single-celled embryo. During fertilization, the embryo begins to move through the fallopian tube into the uterine cavity. As the embryo moves through the fallopian tube, its cells divide, then the embryo enters the uterine cavity, where on the 11th - 12th day after the conception of the child, it is implanted - introduced into the uterine mucosa.

So, for the onset of pregnancy, the following conditions are necessary:

1. The readiness of the body as a whole to ensure the normal development of the fetus, which is ensured by the general level of health.

Even if you consider yourself absolutely healthy, it is useful to be convinced of this again by being examined by a general practitioner, gynecologist, dentist, and maybe genetics. It's time to start leading a healthy lifestyle: have a good rest (optimally - spend a vacation in nature); "tie up" with bad habits; limit contacts with household chemicals and the use of pharmacological agents as much as possible, because all this can adversely affect not only the health of the expectant mother, but also the formation and development of the child.

2. Maturation in the ovary of an egg capable of fertilization, ovulation, entry of the egg into the fallopian tube.

Recently, women who want to give birth to a child of a particular gender have been strongly advised in the press to adhere to a certain diet. It is not known how effective this method is in planning sex, because there are no scientific works on this topic, but one thing is certain: the nutrition of a woman who decides to become a mother must be balanced. The main guardians of a maturing egg are foods containing vitamin E: vegetable oils, eggs, grain bread, buckwheat and oatmeal, legumes, nuts. The richest in vitamin E are germinated wheat grains, including flakes and flour from them.

Another important vitamin is folic acid. 400 mcg of folic acid per day significantly reduces the likelihood of having children with disorders such as malformations of the central nervous system and spine. Folic acid is sold in all pharmacies, it is also found in foods: fresh herbs (with the exception of parsley), cabbage, beets, carrots, potatoes with skins, bran, seeds and nuts. Taking folic acid before pregnancy significantly reduces the chance of malformations. If you live in an iodine deficient area, switch to iodized salt or take 100 micrograms of potassium iodide per day. All this is true only if you do not suffer from thyroid diseases: in this case, the doctor will give you individual recommendations. Without iodine, the thyroid gland cannot function normally; in women with a reduced function of this gland, ovulation occurs very rarely. In addition, a lack of iodine can subsequently adversely affect the mental development of the child.

To insure yourself and your unborn child, start taking multivitamin preparations 2-3 months before conception. The use of oral contraceptives is recommended to stop 2-3 months before the planned conception. Sometimes, after long-term use of oral contraceptives, a complication occurs - the absence of menstruation and the possibility of conception within 6 months after stopping their use.

There are other causes of ovulation disorders in women. Constant stress in a business woman can lead to a complete absence of ovulation while maintaining menstruation.

Weight and pregnancy

3. A sufficient number of motile sperm in the semen and their ability to fertilize an egg.

One of the main myths is the connection between potency and infertility. In reality, a man with a very weak potency can have good sperm for conception, and a “sexual giant” can suffer from infertility. Moreover, too frequent sexual intercourse does not increase the couple's ability to conceive a child. The likelihood of conception during repeated sexual intercourse is reduced due to the fact that the second portion of sperm contains fewer full-fledged spermatozoa, and excess volume leads to its leakage from the woman's vagina. When ejaculation occurs at long intervals, this is also bad. It is not so much the number of spermatozoa that decreases, but their mobility - they no longer rush to the goal so quickly. Optimal for the full maturation of spermatozoa is the rhythm of sexual activity every other day (3 times a week) during the period of probable ovulation with the desired abstinence 4-5 days the day before.

4. Normal environment in the vagina, uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, which ensures the active movement of spermatozoa.

5. "Meeting" of the egg with spermatozoa and optimal conditions for the fusion of germ cells.

Another important point for the “meeting” of the sperm and the egg is the posture during intercourse. There is no connection between the sex of the unborn child and the position at conception, no matter how much we would like it, but it is possible to increase the likelihood of conceiving a child with the help of the position. It depends on the mechanics of sexual intercourse on which part of the vagina the sperm enters. In some positions (for example, a woman on top or a standing position), it can be difficult to achieve deep penetration of the penis, so some of the sperm will simply be lost. The position "man on top" or "man behind" will be optimal. It is better if 20-30 minutes after intercourse a woman lies on her back with raised legs. Laziness in this case may be more useful than any posture during sexual intercourse.

Of course, the most important thing is that sex gives joy and pleasure. If a woman reaches orgasm, the chance of conception is higher: thanks to the contraction of the cervix during orgasm, the sperm are literally drawn into the uterus.

6. The unimpeded passage of the embryo through the fallopian tube and its entry into the uterine cavity, the readiness of the uterine mucosa to "accept" the embryo.

We hope that our advice will help everyone who wishes to become happy moms and dads!

From a medical point of view, conception is the process of fertilization of a female egg by a male sperm. As a result of their merger, an embryo is formed, which will eventually turn into your beloved child.

How does conception occur and what factors can influence this process? In order to understand this magical process, you need to know how the female and male reproductive systems work. A detailed description of the process of conceiving a child is somewhat similar to the meeting of a man and a woman.

The mechanism of conception

Preparing for a date

The female body with the onset of puberty begins to produce eggs. They are formed in the ovaries and every lunar month, on a single day, ovulation occurs - a mature egg comes out. Gradually advancing, she finds herself in the fallopian tube. She is ready to meet her prince.

Male sex cells - spermatozoa - are formed in the testicles. They are in the seminal fluid, which keeps them active. Spermatozoa mature much longer than the egg. They need 64 days to reach maturity!

However, this process occurs constantly, starting with the entry of a man into a state of puberty. About a hundred million spermatozoa are produced in the testicles every day. Everything is getting ready to create a new life.

The strongest will win

For a man and a woman, the process that precedes the meeting of the egg and sperm is simple and very pleasant. But for male reproductive cells, this is the most important moment, full of overcoming obstacles and struggle.

The main purpose of spermatozoa is the uterus and then the fallopian tube. They need to overcome quite a long way. For everything about everything they have about 6 hours. Millions die at the beginning of the journey. The body selects the best.

Those spermatozoa that seem unsuitable to him, that is, those that have any genetic abnormalities or defects, do not have the slightest chance. Thus, the selection of high-quality genetic material occurs.

Now the sperm remains less and less. Only about a hundred come to the finish line - the egg. Their task is to penetrate the shell of the egg and get inside. Only one can deal with this. As soon as this happens, the woman's body receives information that fertilization has taken place.

Fixation in the uterine cavity

The egg and sperm combine their genetic material, becoming one. A day after the act, cell division will begin, as a result of which an embryo will form. It begins a gradual movement towards the uterus through the fallopian tube.

Having reached the goal, the embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus. Implantation takes place. Now it will grow by leaps and bounds. From this moment on, the embryo is completely dependent on the female body, receiving from it the nutrition and protection necessary for further development and growth.

The first signs of pregnancy

Women are always interested in what are the very first signs that can signal them about the onset of pregnancy. At the very moment when the conception of a child occurs, the most serious changes in the work of the female body are already beginning to take place.

The first signs of pregnancy may appear as early as a week after conception has occurred. It is at this time that a powerful hormonal restructuring begins in the body.

Manifestations of the body associated with the production of hCG

How the earliest stage of pregnancy can manifest:

weakness and drowsiness;
morning sickness;
unexpected reaction to familiar tastes and smells;
feeling of "pouring" the chest, its increased sensitivity;
more frequent urge to urinate;
slight heaviness in the lower abdomen;
tingling in the uterus;
pressure drop;
upset stomach and intestines.

All these symptoms are associated with increased production of the female hormone, which will "work" for your pregnancy. However, they may or may not appear, because the reactions of the body in each woman are individual.

At the same time, the presence of such symptoms can also appear outside of pregnancy, so they should only be taken into account, they will not give confidence that the conception has taken place.

Elevated basal body temperature

A more reliable sign of the onset of pregnancy may be an increase in basal temperature. Many women are familiar with this concept. The fact is that the temperature in the rectum strictly corresponds to the female menstrual cycle.

In the first part of the cycle, it can range from 35.5 to 36.9 degrees, rising to 37 on the day of ovulation. The fact that a new cycle begins and the temperature does not drop just means that pregnancy has come.

Minor bleeding

Another fact may signal that a long-awaited event has occurred. A few days after an unprotected intercourse, a woman may notice a little bleeding from the vagina, a scanty spotting discharge, or even just a few drops of blood.

This is how the process of implantation of the ovum into the uterus can occur.

Cessation of menstruation

However, this is also optional. The most reliable sign will be the absence of another menstruation. A new monthly cycle has not begun, pregnancy has come.

How to make sure that conception has occurred?

You can confidently make sure that conception has taken place only by donating blood for hCG or. Both of these tests are based on checking the level of pregnancy hormone in the body (if a woman is not pregnant, this hormone is not produced).

Blood test for hCG

The concentration of hCG in a woman's blood is usually two times higher than in the urine, so a blood test for human chorionic hormone can be taken as early as a week after the intended conception.

This method allows you to most reliably answer the question of the presence of pregnancy.

Pregnancy test

A home pregnancy test detects the presence of chorionic hormone in the urine, and since the concentration of the hormone in it is lower, it will most often be possible to make sure that conception has occurred no earlier than 2 weeks after unprotected intercourse (in the case of using most tests).

This period approximately coincides with the beginning of the delay in menstruation.

Difference between sensitivity tests

The sensitivity of pharmacy tests may be different: this parameter is always indicated on the package. The most common ones have a sensitivity of 25 mIU / ml - they allow pregnancy to be established only from the first day of delay (from about day 15).

If you want to know about your condition earlier, purchase tests with a sensitivity of 10 mIU / ml or less. They are more expensive, but "work" even before the start of the expected period.

A week after the start of the delay, the presence of pregnancy can show any pharmacy test.

When can a home test result be false?

This may happen if:

the test has exceeded the expiration date;
in time, the level of the hormone is not yet determined by the test;
you are taking hormonal preparations containing hCG;
the test was done incorrectly;
the day before you drank too much liquid and the level of the hormone in the urine is low.

What can prevent the onset of conception?

Many women, having decided that it is time for their child to be born, count on the result already in the first monthly cycle. However, nature often makes its own adjustments to our plans.

What reasons can prevent the onset of conception?

Age

After 35 years, women's reproductive function decreases. Regrettably, not every cycle of a lady at this age can end in pregnancy.

Taking hormonal contraceptives

Hormones have a strong impact on the reproductive functions of women. Sometimes after the abolition of such drugs, the female body needs time to recover.

Weight problems

Both being overweight and underweight can affect your ability to get pregnant. Weight problems can affect a woman's monthly cycle, which in turn can lead to a lack of ovulation or an inability to conceive.

Lifestyle

Lifestyle, in general, leaves an imprint on the entire body, including the female sphere. Bad habits, unhealthy diet unbalance the well-coordinated system of all organs, including reproductive ones.

Presence of stress

Prolonged stress causes a malfunction in the hormonal system of a woman. The hormone released during this state is able to “overlap” other female hormones with its power, suppressing the process of ovulation. Maybe that's why many "bring" kids from vacation?

These reasons can prevent even absolutely healthy women from getting pregnant. Try not to worry and improve your health. And a miracle is sure to happen!