NDC for hypertensive type: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Passage of physiotherapy procedures

- a functional disorder of the cardiovascular system that does not cause structural changes in the heart. It is based on regulatory failures that appear for various reasons. Manifestations of NCD are diverse, appear or progress in stressful situations. Such disorders are characterized by a benign course and a favorable prognosis.

The main causes of NCD are chronic stress, overwork, brain injury, smoking, alcoholism, infections in the nasopharynx. There is also a genetic predisposition to the appearance of this disease. NCD is not an independent disease and manifests itself in combination with other disorders.

ND by hypertensive type is observed in women more often than in men. Often, the appearance and development of autonomic dysfunction occurs during puberty. Less commonly, the hypertensive type of NCD is diagnosed in newborns, and in adulthood it practically does not manifest itself.

The risk group for the development of NCA includes:

• people leading a sedentary lifestyle, with an unregulated mode of work and rest, who do not adhere to proper nutrition;
• people in whose families relatives suffer from this disease.

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type develops due to the action of the following factors:

• overwork;
• chronic sleep deprivation;
• chronic stress and nervous shocks;
• development of endocrine diseases;
• trauma;
• chronic focal infection;
• intoxication, etc.

NC dystonia according to the hypertensive type is called a polyetiological syndrome, which occurs when exposed to provoking factors. The impossibility of establishing and eliminating the root cause complicates the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Symptoms

The main signs of neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type are an irregular increase in systolic pressure up to 140 mm Hg, caused by strong physical or psycho-emotional stress. The following methods will help to lower the indicators:

• complete rest;
• regulation of sleep and wakefulness;
• relaxation;
• taking sedatives.

The following symptoms join the increased systolic pressure in NCD:

• visible pulsation of large veins on the wrist, under the knee, etc .;
• lack of air;
• heaviness in the chest;
• weakness, increased fatigue;
• nervousness, increased emotionality;
• insomnia or drowsiness;
• attention disorders, memory impairment;
• sweating;
• trembling in the body and limbs;
• changes in movement coordination.

It happens that against the background of high blood pressure in patients with NC dystonia of the hypertensive type, symptoms are noted:

• pain in the region of the heart;
• shortness of breath and difficulty breathing;
• loss of appetite;
• abdominal discomfort;
• a feeling of lack of fruits and sweets.

Severity

Depending on the severity, patients report the manifestation of various symptoms.

The mild course of the disease proceeds as follows:

• with severe stress and nervous shocks, pain appears in the region of the heart;
• there are no vegetative-vascular crises;
• feasible physical activity is not accompanied by tachycardia;
• the patient is able to work.

Speaking about the moderate severity of the course of NCD, the following complaints are noted:

• constant pain in the region of the heart;
• the appearance of a rapid heartbeat at rest;
• decrease in physical activity and work capacity.

Severe forms of NCD are marked by persistent pronounced symptoms:

• constant frequent pulse and severe respiratory disorders;
• cardiophobia (fear of heart disease);
• depression;
• prolonged pain in the heart, not amenable to treatment;
• a sharp decline in performance.

Types of neurocirculatory dystonia

Today, doctors distinguish the main types:

• by cardiac type. Another name for the disease is functional cardiopathy. It manifests itself in the form of a pathology of conduction and rhythm of the work of the heart muscle. Patients note pains of a different nature and the presence of discomfort in the left side of the chest;
• ncd of the hypertensive type is characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure. Diastolic pressure readings are also slightly increased. Patients note a small number of implicit symptoms from different systems and organs;
• neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type. Patients note a persistent decrease in blood pressure - in men less than 95/60 mmHg and in women 100/60 mmHg. During the examination, the patient notes a decrease in pressure, headache, dizziness, pathology of visual function, general weakness and irritability;
• mixed. This type of NCA combines all the symptoms of the above diseases.

Diagnostics

To diagnose NCD by this type, you must:

• to study the indicators and jumps of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and during physical exertion;
• examine the ECG, which determines the arrhythmia;
• make and vessels;
• conduct daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure.

Distinguish NCD and hypertension allow characteristic signs and indicators. So, hypertension is characterized by:

• increase in blood pressure;
• damage to the heart, eyes, kidneys, brain;
• taking sedatives does not regulate the level of pressure;
• jumps in blood pressure do not depend on the time of day, stressful situations;
• blood pressure levels stabilize after taking medication.

Differences between hypertension and NC dystonia according to the hypertensive type help to correctly diagnose the disease and determine the method of treatment.

Treatment

To begin with, doctors determine the trigger factor for NCD and eliminate it.

Non-drug therapy

This method implies:

• elimination of traumatic psychological factors;
• sanitation of foci of infection;
• getting rid of intoxication and working harmfulness;
• limitation of physical activity;
• taking hormonal drugs, for example, during menopause;
• autotraining and psychotherapy.

Medical therapy

This type of treatment includes:

• tinctures of motherwort or valerian;
• tranquilizers;
• antidepressants;
• nootropic drugs;
• cerebroangiocorrectors.

The action of drugs is aimed at:

• normalization of brain function;
• relieve tension;
• improved metabolism;
• activation of blood circulation in the brain.

With frequent attacks of tachycardia and sympathoadrenal crises, beta-blockers are prescribed, for example, atenolol, metoprolol, etc.

In addition, traditional medicine recipes are effective. Recommended fees with chamomile, lily of the valley, fennel, peppermint, valerian root, motherwort, lemon balm, etc. Reception of herbs and decoctions lasts from six months or more.

Physiotherapy

Improves well-being with NCD physiotherapy, for this apply:

• electrophoresis;
• electrosleep;
• water procedures;
• acupuncture;
• restorative massage;
• aeroionotherapy.

It is important to adhere to the rules of adaptation therapy:

• lead a healthy lifestyle;
• engage in physical therapy;
• control body weight.

The reasons for the development of this symptom complex may be different, but in any case, neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type is in no way associated with organic lesions of the endocrine or nervous systems. Usually, pathology is associated with lifestyle and environmental influences. It could be:

• overwork;
• lack of sleep;
• hypodynamia;
• physical overstrain, including in sports;
• prolonged emotional stress;
• severe diseases of internal organs;
• skull trauma;
• acute infections.

In the development of the disorder, heredity and the type of personality of the patient matter. According to statistics, people whose parents suffer or suffered from cardiovascular diseases are more likely to get sick: heart ischemia, hypertension.

Prolonged emotional stress can provoke NDC

Signs of NCD by hypertensive type

Usually there are quite a lot of complaints from patients, among which are the following:

• headache;
• general weakness;
• increased fatigue;
• irritability;
• dizziness;
• reduced performance;
• sleep disturbance (superficial sleep);
• heartbeat;
• chest pain (stabbing or aching).

With NCD of the hypertensive type, such phenomena as dermographism are noted, that is, the skin changes color from mechanical influences. In this case, when any object is passed along the skin of the chest wall, white stripes remain on the body and persist for a long time.

Diagnostics

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type does not have specific symptoms, so differential diagnosis is important. This disease should be distinguished from hypertension, climacteric syndrome, neurosis, myocarditis and other diseases.

So, for example, with NDC, in contrast to hypertension, there are much more complaints from patients, in addition, there are no changes in the vessels of the eye fundus and left ventricular hypertrophy.

The doctor collects a thorough history, finds out all the circumstances that could lead to the disease, evaluates the patient's personality and the state of his nervous system.

Treatment Methods

First of all, they find out the reasons that caused the NDC, in order to further eliminate them. If stress is to blame, get rid of the causes that led to it. If there is a source of infection in the body, they are engaged in its elimination. And if the cause of this condition is harmful working conditions, then you may have to change jobs.

These disorders require an integrated approach and many activities. Treatment begins with lifestyle changes and a series of wellness treatments. You should observe the regime of the day, fully relax, dose physical activity. With neurocirculatory dystonia, sanatorium treatment, acupressure, autogenic training, physiotherapy, acupuncture are indicated.

With this disorder, drug treatment is indicated. In case of sleep disorders, irritability, sedatives are prescribed, such as motherwort, valerian, as well as Corvalol, Volocardin. In some cases, stronger sedatives from the category of tranquilizers, as well as antidepressants, are needed. In addition, treatment can be carried out with the use of antiarrhythmic drugs and beta-blockers.

Neurocirculatory dystonia of hypertonic type

At the heart of the increase in blood pressure and the formation of hypertension are autonomic dysfunction and chronic psycho-emotional overstrain, closely related to it. The leading factors in the development of dystonia include primarily hereditary and constitutional features of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The child inherits from his parents the type of response of this system to nonspecific stress. Under normal conditions, the main links of the autonomic nervous system function normally. In the presence of a large number of provoking factors and their long-term impact on the body, this system becomes unable to adequately respond to them. This leads to the appearance of various physiological reactions, which can gradually transform into pathological processes.

Neurocirculatory dystonia belongs to the group of functional diseases in which there are violations of the neurohumoral regulation of various organs and systems. In functional diseases, there is a combination of neurogenic (including autonomic), hormonal and reversible metabolic changes. When using traditional research methods, only violations in the functioning of some organs and systems can be detected, but structural changes in them are not detected. However, electron microscopic examination also reveals structural changes in cell membranes, capillary blood flow, reversible disorders of non-cellular formations, as well as moderately pronounced dystrophic processes in tissues.

It is important to emphasize that functional diseases, including NDCs, are "rooted" in early childhood and adolescence and, in essence, are polyetiological or, rather, multifactorial diseases. Allocate predisposing and resolving factors, and their distinction is very conditional.

The predisposition to develop NDC is largely determined by the following factors:

- type of higher nervous activity;

- type of autonomic nervous system;

- type of hemodynamics;

- type of endocrine reactivity and stability with a high or low level of functions of endocrine organs;

— unfavorable socio-economic conditions. Resolving factors include:

- psychogenic (acute and chronic neuro-emotional stress, iatrogenic);

- physical and chemical (overwork, ionizing radiation, exposure to elevated temperature and vibration, physical inactivity, chronic intoxication, alcohol and drug abuse);

dishormonal (hormonal changes, pregnancy, abortion, sexual disorders);

- infections (chronic tonsillitis, acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, etc.);

— meteorological and heliofactors (uncomfortable ambient temperature and its rapid change, precipitation, fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, wind speed, anomalous weather sawing, length of day and night, solar activity, magnetic storms, etc.).

Sometimes predisposing factors can become triggers. Most often, psycho-emotional or physical overstrain is combined with repeated respiratory diseases in individuals with a hereditary predisposition.

Often, it is very difficult to determine the etiological factor, since it can have internal and hidden content, which the patient is not inclined to talk about or does not associate his condition with.

Neurocirculatory dystonia is characterized by a violation of the neurohormonal and metabolic regulation of internal organs that occurs at any level of the nervous system, but the leading link in pathogenesis is hypothalamic dysfunction. Under the influence of various external and internal factors, the hypothalamic structures that perform a coordinating and integrative role are damaged. The hypothalamus combines efferent connections with all parts of the central nervous system, as well as afferent signals that reflect extensive information. Such signals come from internal organs and systems to regulate neuroreflex and neurohumoral functions, as well as maintain homeostasis. The hypothalamus is also the highest vegetative center, which performs complex integration and adaptation of the functions of various internal organs to the integral activity of the body. In addition, this part of the nervous system is considered the main neuroendocrine organ, which carries out the relationship between the central nervous system and the endocrine glands.

Congenital defectiveness of the hypothalamic formations is associated with the age of the parents, the presence of bad habits, intoxications and somatic diseases, including autonomic dysfunctions. A huge role is assigned to the pathological course of the mother's pregnancy, the presence of birth injuries and perinatal encephalopathy, fetal asphyxia, and the degree of prematurity. The role of genetic factors is confirmed by the fact that in most cases there is a uniformity of changes in hemodynamic reactions of blood pressure in children and their mothers, which is more often transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. Both the features of autonomic homeostasis and the type of response of the autonomic nervous system to nonspecific stress have a genetic basis. The impact of adverse factors causes a whole range of disorders, primarily in the form of dysfunction of the SAS and the cholinergic system and changes in the sensitivity of the corresponding peripheral receptors. Violation of the neurohormonal and metabolic regulation of the cardiovascular system leads to the appearance of various perverse reactions, including fluctuations in vascular tone, which is manifested by hypertension. hypotension or a combination of both in one patient. Sometimes functional changes at rest are not observed and appear only during physical or psycho-emotional stress. Metabolic disorders can cause dystrophic changes in the heart muscle.

In cases where neurohormonal dysfunction is manifested by an increase in the activity of the SAS and a decrease in the activity of the cholinergic system, there is a predisposition to NCD of the hypertensive type. If there is an inverse relationship in the reactivity of individual parts of the autonomic nervous system, NCD may develop according to the hypotonic type. The predominance of the activity of one or another link of the autonomic nervous system is confirmed by laboratory data on the concentrations of catecholamines and acetylcholine in blood plasma and daily urine. In addition, changes in the sensitivity of adrenergic receptors to the action of neurohormones, as well as disturbances in the histamine-serotonin and some other systems of regulation of vascular tone, are revealed.

The main tasks facing the doctor when examining a patient with vegetative disorders are:

- exclusion of an organic disease, especially a latent one;

— carrying out differential diagnostics within the group of functional diseases.

Clinical examination of patients with NCD should include:

- careful collection of anamnesis with clarification of the circumstances of the origins of the disease and situations that cause its exacerbation;

— detailed clinical examination;

- assessment of the state of the autonomic and central nervous system, personal characteristics of the patient;

- carrying out vegetative functional tests.

A special place is occupied by the assessment of the state of the autonomic nervous system, based on a functional-dynamic study of the tone, reactivity and autonomic support of the activity of organs. This allows you to get an objective idea of ​​the level of homeostasis and the adaptive capabilities of the body, which is necessary for the preparation of an adequate program for treatment and rehabilitation measures.

In the study of vegetative tone, the most stable indicators of the vegetative status are evaluated, the number of vago- and sympathetic-tonic signs is counted. In healthy children and adolescents, there should not be more than 2 sympathetic-tonic signs, and 4 vagotonic signs. As a rule, there is an imbalance in both parts of the autonomic nervous system, therefore, the nature of the initial autonomic tone is judged by the predominance of the number of sympathetic and vagotonic signs compared to those in healthy children. The initial autonomic tone can be sympathetic-tonic, vagotonic or dystonic.

Of great importance for the diagnosis of various forms of hypertension in children and adolescents is the modeling of psycho-emotional stress using various game situations, in particular television and computer games. Information tests make it possible to quantify the efficiency of information processing under time pressure and, at the same time, to investigate the reactivity of the cardiovascular system.

An information psycho-emotional test is carried out as follows: the examined child performs a standard task for a limited period of time, gaining a certain amount of points. During the test, blood pressure and heart rate are measured every minute to assess the nature of vascular reactivity. The time of the test does not exceed 5 minutes. The reactivity of the cardiovascular system is assessed by the dynamics of SBP, DBP and heart rate. With a labile increase in blood pressure, which is characteristic of NCD of the hypertensive type, a hyperkinetic response to the load is noted: an excessive increase in SBP and heart rate. With stable hypertension, there is an even more pronounced increase in SBP, as well as DBP, without an adequate increase in heart rate.

NDC is a purely clinical diagnosis, which can only be made after a comprehensive analysis of the patient's complaints, anamnesis, clinical symptoms and the response of the autonomic nervous system to various tests and tests.

With NCD, children present numerous and varied complaints, many of which are not directly related to the cardiovascular system, but allow you to get a correct idea of ​​the nature of changes in the body. In children and adolescents with elevated blood pressure, the most common complaint is headache, which can occur with an average frequency of 1 time per week. In most cases, it is assessed as low-intensity, such pain does not require relief with medication. The headache has a tightening, compressive or pressing character and is usually bilateral with localization in the frontotemporal or fronto-parietal region, sometimes with a feeling of pressure on the eyes. The causes of pain may be vascular or liquorodynamic disorders that occur against the background of overwork or changes in weather conditions.

In addition to headaches, patients often experience pain in the region of the heart or in various parts of the abdomen. In most cases, they are also provoked by stressful situations and are stopped by taking sedatives or distracting the child's attention. Cardialgia most often have a stabbing character, localized in the region of the apex of the heart, lasting from several minutes to several hours.

Children with pathology of the autonomic nervous system, as a rule, do not tolerate public transport and stuffy rooms, there may be dizziness and even short-term fainting. Often, children note increased fatigue, sleep disorders, impaired appetite, mood lability. Often in patients, thermoregulation is disturbed, which is manifested by a sudden increase in body temperature up to hyperthermia against the background of emotional stress or long periods of subfebrile condition. At the same time, at night, body temperature returns to normal, and patients tolerate its increase easily. This phenomenon is called thermoneurosis. Often, in this category of patients, a sudden "dyspnea", a feeling of lack of air, the appearance of deep "sighs" or bouts of neurotic cough are noted.

Blood pressure rises episodically and unstable, and normalizes most often spontaneously or after the use of sedatives. Sometimes with NCD, hypertensive crises and sympathetic-adrenal crises (panic attacks) are noted. The development of crises is revealed against the background of a pronounced disruption of adaptive processes in various stressful situations. They are more commonly seen in older children and adolescents; they are accompanied by a feeling of anxiety or fear, chills, tachycardia, increased blood pressure and body temperature, headache, and culminate in profuse urination. The duration of vegetative paroxysms ranges from several minutes to several hours.

VSD (NCD) by hypertensive type

IRR of the hypertensive type or hypertensive type of IRR is one of the three main forms of neurocirculatory dystonia. According to the classification of V. I. Makolkin, approved in 1986, this type includes vegetative-vascular disorders from the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. First of all, it is characterized by a manifestation in the form of an increase in the systolic (upper) indicator of blood pressure.

What is VVD by hypertensive type?

The autonomic nervous system, the disturbances in which the VVD syndrome is caused, consists of two sections - parasympathetic and sympathetic. The first is responsible for relaxing the body. The sympathetic department, on the contrary, accelerates the processes, is responsible for the excitation of the work of tissues and organs. Violations of the sequence of these processes in various organs or systems, an incorrect reaction of the body to the current situation - this is the basis for the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertonic type occurs when, in most cases, violations come from the sympathetic division of the ANS.

In a healthy body, with the proper functioning of the sympathetic department, the tone of the walls of blood vessels increases if at a particular moment in time any organ needs additional nutrition. When its functions are violated, the vascular walls tense up more often than necessary - all this leads to an increase in blood pressure in hypertensive VVD.

By the way, the name of the syndrome fully explains its main manifestation: “vegeto-” - caused by the autonomic nervous system, “vascular” - associated with blood vessels, “dis” - a violation, “tonia” - associated with tone, “hyper-” - excessive, "tonic" - again associated with tone. In fact, the VVD for the hypertensive type can be deciphered as "a violation of the tone of blood vessels under the influence of the autonomic nervous system, characterized by their increased tone."

Causes of the appearance of the hypertensive form of NCD

This form of autonomic dysfunction in women is much more common than in men. At the same time, the beginning of its development often coincides with the period of puberty. Sometimes the hypertensive type of NCD is found in young children, even newborns, extremely rarely its first manifestations occur in adulthood.

According to experts, a predisposition is necessary to start the development of the VVD of the hypertensive type. In this case, the risk group includes:

1. People whose next of kin have been diagnosed with NCD of the hypertensive type.
2. People leading a sedentary lifestyle, not adhering to the normal regime of work and rest, malnourished, having bad habits.

However, even the presence of a favorable background is not a guarantee that the IRR of the hypertensive type will begin to develop. This often requires a push. They may be the following circumstances:

1. chronic sleep deprivation;
2. severe overwork;
3. jar of Hearts;
4. psycho-emotional overstrain;
5. missing treatment endocrine disorders;
6. trauma;
7. chronic focal infection;
8. chronic intoxication, work in hazardous production and others.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia according to the hypertensive type is considered a polyetiological syndrome - one that can occur under a variety of circumstances. For its appearance, it is necessary to impose provoking factors on a favorable background of predisposition. This is precisely what makes it difficult to treat disorders - establishing their exact cause is difficult, and therefore it is impossible to eliminate the root cause.

Symptoms of NCD hypertensive type

The main symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type are an abrupt increase in the upper (systolic) blood pressure indicator up to 140 mm Hg. Art. and higher against the background of strong physical or emotional stress. At the same time, pressure reduction often occurs by itself: after rest, relaxation, or taking light sedatives, serious medical treatment in such a case is unreasonable. These symptoms cannot be called signs of this form of NCD, however, they are characteristic and always accompany the IRR of the hypertensive type.

During an exacerbation, the following symptoms join the increased "upper" pressure in most patients:

1. cardiopalmus;
2. visualized pulsation of large blood vessels located near the surface of the skin, for example, on the wrist, under the knee;
3. suffocation or a feeling of lack of air, "congestion" of the chest;
4. nervousness, emotionality, increased fatigue, the appearance of a reaction on the part of the body even to a slight excess of normal physical exertion;
5. sleep disorder: drowsiness or insomnia, restless sleep;
6. reduced attention, impaired memorization of information;
7. recurrent or persistent, severe headaches;
8. sweating;
9. trembling in the limbs;
10. partial periodic violation of coordination of movement.

Sometimes, against the background of high blood pressure in patients with hypertensive NCD, cardiac symptoms are observed: pain in the region of the heart, moderate or severe tachycardia with an increase in heart rate up to 120 beats per minute, and as a result of it - breathing problems (increased frequency, difficulty inhaling or exhaling). Against the background of hypertensive VVD, symptoms may also appear on the part of the digestive organs: loss of appetite, discomfort in the abdomen, preference for food towards fruits or sweets.

Diagnosis of the hypertensive form of NCD

It is often not so difficult to make a diagnosis of VVD according to the hypertensive type. For this, the characteristics of systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicators in dynamics, as well as during physical activity, are studied. Cardiological examinations are carried out: ultrasound, mandatory ECG. At the same time, arrhythmia is often detected on the ECG, and no changes are detected on ultrasound of the heart and blood vessels. In the case of a predominance of symptoms from any particular organ or system, it is possible to establish the correct diagnosis only after a comprehensive examination of the body with results indicating the absence of pathologies.

For NDC of the hypertensive type, symptoms and confirmation of a lack of potassium in the body are characteristic. During examination of the heart, murmurs are heard. The most important role in the diagnosis of VVD by hypertensive type is given to differential diagnosis with hypertension. With hypertension, pathological changes in the vessels are observed, but with VVD they are not present, respectively, the treatment of the first consists in an attempt to reverse or stop pathological changes with the use of medications. Treatment of VVD for hypertensive type is often symptomatic, often does not require the use of medications and consists in normalizing lifestyle and eliminating stress.

Differentiate VVD and hypertension and establish the correct diagnosis allow characteristic differences in their course and body parameters. In contrast to NCD of the hypertensive type, hypertension is characterized by:

1. in addition to increased blood pressure, various physical pathologies are detected;
2. taking sedatives does not affect the level of blood pressure;
3. Blood pressure rises regardless of the situation and time of day, it can rise at night, and immediately after waking up;
4. pressure rarely stabilizes without taking special medications;
5. during exercise, not only systolic, but also diastolic pressure increases.

According to these and some other characteristic features, it is possible to distinguish between VVD and hypertension, which means that it is possible to correctly diagnose and determine the correct treatment plan.

• Causes of the disease
• Characteristic features
• Treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia
• Non-drug support

One of the diseases of the nervous system is neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertonic type. What is it, what causes it and how to treat it? You can read about it below.

Hypertensive neurocirculatory dystonia manifests itself as a violation of the circulatory system, accompanied by problems with the respiratory system, nervous breakdown, increased excitability, fear and other associated syndromes.

This disease is mainly characteristic of young people.

NCD is a complex disease characterized by a range of different symptoms. Neurocirculatory dystonia is accompanied by disruption of the body's vessels. Depending on the type of such a violation, the vessels may narrow or expand. From here, high or, conversely, low pressure appears. That is why neurocirculatory dystonia is distinguished according to the hypertonic and hypotonic types. Each of these types of NCD has its own manifestations, as well as methods of treatment.

In more detail, neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type will be considered here.

Causes of the disease

The causes of NCD in the hypertensive type can be very different and, which is very important, in no way related to its functioning itself.

Basically, the causes of dystonia are associated with the external influence of the environment and the individual lifestyle of a person.

These include:

• chronic lack of sleep, overwork of the body;
• the presence of concomitant infectious diseases;
• transferred psycho-emotional trauma;
• influence of hot climate, shaking;
• the period of pregnancy or menopause in women;
• alcohol, tobacco or other intoxication of the body;
• an excess of physical activity or, conversely, an acute lack of it.

It is believed that the appearance of neurocirculatory dystonia can be directly related to heredity and structural features of the body.

Neurocirculatory dystonia occurs as an abnormal reaction of blood vessels to an irritant that has appeared. This disease is undulating in nature, i.e. alternate periods of exacerbation of the disease and periods of rest.

It is worth noting that such a condition is not dangerous for a person, but it can bring him many different unpleasant sensations and uncomfortable conditions.

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Characteristic features

Since NCD of the hypertensive type is a complex disease, it is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms. A single patient, of course, does not have all the signs at once, usually there are 9-15 characteristic symptoms:

• palpitations, accompanied by minor pain in the region of the heart;
• feelings of anxiety, fear, irritability;
• weakness, loss of strength, fatigue;
• insomnia, bad mood;
• the appearance of a headache, often dizziness;
• disorders of the respiratory system, shortness of breath;
• chills, cold extremities;
• heat in the face, neck;
• pain in the abdomen, often - a feeling of nausea;
• feeling of pulsating blood vessels.

Almost all patients suffering from neurocirculatory dystonia experience pain in the region of the heart, which is undulating in nature.

How to determine that you have neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type, and not hypertension, cardiology and nervous breakdown?

Unlike serious diseases, NCD type hypertension is accompanied by a wide range of different complaints. On a detailed examination, at the same time, there are no changes in the fundus of the eye, as well as in the region of the heart, which are characteristic of other human diseases.

In patients with dystonia, there is increased sweating in the armpits, palms. Palms become cold, wet. Often there is a rapid heartbeat, which can reach up to 100 beats per minute.

In addition, the patient complains of frequent breathing, the appearance of shortness of breath, breathing mainly occurs through the mouth. With a contact examination in the intercostal region, a pain syndrome appears, similar to intercostal neuralgia.

In order to make sure that the patient has NCD of the hypertensive type, and not any other disease, the doctor usually performs the following medical procedures:

• biochemical blood test for composition and hormones;
• an electrocardiogram showing changes in more serious heart disease
• daily monitoring of blood pressure, which shows its wave-like change, which indicates the symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia;
• ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland and abdominal cavity.

If the patient has all the above symptoms and a medical examination, which indicates the presence of this type of neurocirculatory dystonia, then the patient is prescribed a course of treatment to alleviate and relieve the accompanying symptoms and eliminate the characteristic signs of the disease.

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Treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia

Before starting the treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia, it is necessary to establish and eliminate the causes that contributed to its appearance. If possible, it is necessary to eliminate stressful situations, calm down, put sleep and nutrition in order. In the presence of chronic diseases, special attention should be paid to their treatment and cleansing of the body and processing of the oral cavity and nasal passage to facilitate breathing.

If the appearance of neurocirculatory dystonia is associated with psycho-emotional stress, it is necessary to change activities if possible and give the body a rest.

Since this disease is not dangerous for the body, the patient himself must tune in to recovery and well-being, take care of his health, and improve his mood. The emotional state of the patient plays an important role in the patient's recovery process.

Therefore, it is important to convince yourself that these symptoms will disappear faster if he can properly set up his body for recovery. Auto-training and relaxation attempts are of great importance.

To help the patient calm down and relieve a stressful situation, he is prescribed sedatives. In a mild form of the disease, motherwort and valerian herbs can be taken, which have a sedative effect and positively affect the functioning of the brain. It is necessary to take such herbs in a course several times a day and always at night.

In severe forms of the course of this disease, tranquilizers are prescribed, which have a powerful sedative effect. However, when taking such drugs, you need to be especially careful not to cause addiction and the appearance of side effects. Taking tranquilizers is aimed at relieving feelings of anxiety, fear, increasing efficiency and reducing fatigue.

If the patient has prolonged depression, then he is recommended to take antidepressants. Reception of such funds lasts up to 4 weeks and is carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor.

In order to improve the functioning of the brain and the entire autonomic system, drugs that normalize cerebral circulation can be prescribed, which helps to reduce headaches, dizziness, and pain in the neck.

- a disease of the cardiovascular and nervous systems that does not cause structural changes in the heart. It develops in adolescents against the background of hormonal changes. It is based on violations of the tone of individual blood vessels. There are several types of development - by, by, by and types. With NCD of the hypertensive type, an increase in systolic pressure is observed, diastolic pressure may be normal or slightly overestimated. The symptom complex manifests itself in each patient individually in a stressful situation.

Why do deviations occur?

Young people are at risk for this disease, less often the symptoms appear in the older generation. Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type is not associated with structural changes in the vessels or the nervous system. The reasons for the occurrence of deviations lie in the environment, as well as the reaction of the individual to external stimuli. As a rule, this is:

• Lack of regular sleep and rest
• Constant stress that develops psychological fatigue
• Head injury
• Bad habits - smoking, alcoholism
• Exhaustion of the body after a serious illness
• Unfavorable environmental situation

A genetic predisposition to the disease is found in people whose relatives had problems with the cardiovascular system.

According to statistics, neurocirculatory dystonia on a hypertensive basis develops more often in women than in men. The weaker sex is more sensitive to stressful situations, so the risk is higher. With the hypertensive type of NCD, it most often manifests itself at school age. This is due to a violation of the development of individual organs, as well as the reaction of the individual to stress. Often the reason is the wrong upbringing of parents, because of which there is a discrepancy in the psychological and somatic development of the child. The probability of occurrence of pathology directly depends on the nature of the personality and temperament.

Symptoms of the pathology

The failure of functionality is associated with an abrupt increase in systolic pressure and a slight deviation from the norm of diastolic. In this regard, patients with NCD of the hypertensive type can observe multiple symptoms that are localized throughout the body. The same symptoms appear in all patients:

• Breathing problems
• Increased heart rate
• Sleep disturbance. Insomnia, drowsiness, or a dream picture that is too vivid
• Fatigue, general weakness
• Persistent headaches
• Weakening of concentration, impaired attention
• Sweating. Sweaty palms and armpits
• Pronounced pulsation in large vessels
• Unstable emotional state, increased irritability
• Trembling in the limbs

In some patients, demography can be observed - a change in the color of the skin under the influence of a solid object. After passing through the chest, white stripes remain for quite a long time.

A broken state in the morning often accompanies the flow of NCD. A person wakes up tired, but returns to normal within a couple of hours. During the day, due to rapid fatigue, begins to sleep after a short activity. Against the background of dystonia, disorders of the digestive tract are also manifested - heaviness in the stomach, loss of appetite.

We present to your attention a very competent explanation of a specialist:

How is it diagnosed?

The hypertensive type of dystonia does not have specific manifestations, the symptoms are similar to many heart ailments. Therefore, differential studies are carried out to make the correct diagnosis. Specialists study the dynamics of pressure changes in the normal state and after exercise. ECG and chest ultrasound are also performed. With this, the doctor can detect physical changes in the vessels and heart muscle. NDC does not entail structural violations.

In those suffering from NCD, there is a lack of potassium in the body, extraneous noises are also heard when listening to the heart. When diagnosing, an important point is the difference between NCD and hypertension - the symptoms are similar, but it gives physical disturbances in the blood vessels. Cardiology studies will help to avoid mistakes.

Methods of dealing with NCD

When a problem is identified, it is necessary to find the cause of the occurrence and try to eliminate it. Pathology can be initiated by stress, fatigue, and infection. Treatment depends on the type of underlying cause. It is recommended to reduce the emotional and physical stress on the body. Treatment of the problem without drug exposure is possible if the following measures are taken:

• Change of environment to reduce stressful situations
• Lifestyle change. Normalization of sleep and rest
• Exclusion of the negative impact of the environment. Moving to an ecologically clean area, refusal to work in hazardous production
• Normalization of the emotional state with the help of psychological support

With a mild manifestation of NCD of the hypertensive type, such treatment can completely solve the problem. In more complex cases, this is the initial step.

The next step is to take herbal sedatives. The intensity of administration and dose is prescribed by the doctor based on the symptoms of a particular patient. In the treatment, motherwort or valerian tincture, corvalol or validol are used. They will help relieve anxiety and give a calming effect. If the patient has a deep depression, then more effective drugs are prescribed - tranquilizers and antidepressants.

To consolidate the medicinal effect, it is recommended to rest in a sanatorium or in a resort area. Clean air and peace will help speed up the process of restoring body functions, as well as neutralize the negative impact. An effective method of additional therapy is a relaxing massage of the neck muscles and breathing exercises. In case of deep depression, it is recommended to consult a psychotherapist.

Folk ways to get rid of the disease

Home therapy will help enhance the effectiveness of drug exposure. But do not self-medicate without the advice of a qualified specialist. The cardiovascular system requires careful attention.

As an additional effect, decoctions of herbs are used - St. John's wort, hawthorn, chamomile, sage, mint, oregano and others. All of them have a calming and relaxing effect on the human body. All ingredients are freely available in every pharmacy. Treatment with folk methods will help speed up the healing process.

Therapy for severe

The neglected form of the symptom complex requires significant intervention. When observing frequent cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, deterioration of the general condition, muscle relaxants, ACE blockers, beta-blockers are prescribed. Medications are aimed at stabilizing pressure, normalizing the functioning of the brain and equalizing the heart rhythm. The patient is prescribed physiotherapy:

• electrosleep
• Galvanization
• electrophoresis
• Cryotherapy
• Aeroionotherapy

Cryotherapy in medicine

With the help of these procedures, the general condition of the body is normalized. During the course of treatment, it is necessary to observe the correct diet, emotional stability, and eliminate stressful situations. Additional intake of vitamins will increase immunity and give strength to the body.

conclusions

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type is not a separate disease. It refers to a symptom complex that shows a violation of the functionality of the autonomic system. Failure to work causes an emotional component, it is also a key factor in treatment. Elimination of negative influences from the outside is a priority task in the restoration of the body. The intensity of the manifestation of symptoms depends on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Depending on the degree of manifestation of symptoms of dystonia, appropriate therapy is prescribed. Medications do not play a major role in the cure, they eliminate the consequences and prevent pathologies from developing. Eliminating the causes of stress, improving the environment and emotional stability - these factors will help to neutralize the problem at the root.

Neurocirculatory dystonia of hypertonic type is one of the frequent reasons for patients to visit doctors of various profiles.

The disease is a type of vegetovascular dystonia, which is based on a violation of the adequate interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the visceral nervous system.

In modern medicine, this condition is considered to be not even a disease, but a set of symptoms that accompany certain pathological processes in the body.

According to the generally accepted classification, neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) is of four types:

• cardiac, where functional disorders of cardiac activity predominate in the form of pain and arrhythmia;
• hypertensive, characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure (BP) with preserved diastolic;
• hypotonic, flowing with low blood pressure (100–95/60 mm Hg);
• mixed.

Depending on the prevailing symptoms, this autonomic dysfunction is divided into the following clinical syndromes:

• tachycardial;
• asthenoneurotic;
• cardialgic;
• myocardiodystrophic;
• respiratory;
• syndrome of peripheral vascular disorders;
• syndrome of vegetative crises with panic attacks.

Based on an objective assessment of the patient's condition, there are three degrees of severity of NCD: mild, moderate and severe.

Causes of the disease

As the cause of the development of this pathology, an imbalance between the processes of inhibition and excitation in the nervous system under the influence of adverse external conditions or due to an unhealthy lifestyle is most often considered, for example:

• physical and mental overwork;
• irrational mode of wakefulness and sleep;
• physical inactivity;
• chronic stress, psychotraumatic situations;
• bad habits: smoking and alcohol abuse;
• unbalanced nutrition.

A certain role in the development of the disease is played by such factors as:

• traumatic brain injury;
• acute infectious and inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract;
• severe somatic pathologies;
• intoxication;
• neuroendocrine disorders.

It should be noted that in the development of hypertensive NCD, hormonal changes often come to the fore, which accompany menopause and puberty, as well as pregnancy and lactation.

The hereditary-constitutional aspect cannot be discounted either. In this case, the symptoms of the disease in patients appear even in early childhood, and their close relatives often have diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Cause dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system is also capable of taking certain drugs:

• amphetamines;
• bronchodilators;
• caffeine;
• Levodopa;
• ephedrine.

Symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia by hypertensive type

Despite the fact that the signs of this disease are diverse, a number of patterns in its manifestation can be identified.

From the side of the cardiovascular system:

• cardialgia with aching, stabbing, squeezing or pressing pains radiating to the upper half of the chest;
• sinus tachycardia from 90 to 140 beats. in minutes;
• increased systolic blood pressure - up to 140 mm. rt. Art., especially during physical exertion or emotional stress;
• heaviness, pain and discomfort in the region of the heart: interruptions, tremors, a feeling of emptiness or fading;
• labored breathing;
• visible pulsation of the popliteal, radial and carotid arteries.

From the nervous system:

• migraine;
• sleep disorders in the form of drowsiness or insomnia;
• dizziness;
• high fatigue and weakness;
• asthenia;
• memory loss;
• slowing down of attention;
• irritability, nervousness;
• tremor of the limbs;
• dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus;
• low performance;
• emotional lability;
• fear of death in panic attacks.

Gastrointestinal tract:

• nausea, vomiting;
• gastralgia;
• bloating and flatulence;
• stool disorders.

Other symptoms:

• hyperhidrosis of the palms, feet and armpits;
• appetite disorders;
• weakness in the morning and evening hours;
• cold extremities;
• hyperemia of the face.

Not many people know that vegetative vascular dystonia can be cured. And although it is difficult to get rid of this disease, it is still quite possible. This topic presents the most effective treatment methods.

Diagnostics

Along with a physical examination of the patient, if hypertensive NCD is suspected, a number of additional medical studies are carried out:

• ECG at rest and with stress tests (veloergometry and treadmill test);
• Echo-KG of the heart, ultrasound of blood vessels;
• daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure;
• thermometry with keeping a diary of body temperature measurements;
• laboratory hormonal diagnostics;
• chest X-ray, etc.

Since the clinical picture of the disease often has a number of symptoms similar to those of other diseases, experts strongly recommend differential diagnosis of neurocirculatory dysfunction with the following pathologies:

• neurosis;
• myocarditis;
• hypertension;
• heart defects;
• hyperthyroidism.

It is most often necessary to distinguish NDC from essential hypertension. In this case, the data of instrumental and laboratory research methods, as well as the absence of changes in the fundus vessels and left ventricular hypertrophy, help to make a correct medical conclusion.

Excluding the somatic nature of the disease and making the correct diagnosis to the doctor will also help identify the relationship between the aggravation of the clinical picture of the disease in a psychogenic situation, along with an assessment of the patient's personal qualities.

Neurocirculatory dystonia by hypertensive type - treatment

The amount of medical care and treatment regimens are determined by the patient's symptoms.

In the presence of foci of chronic infection, antibiotic therapy is indicated under the strict supervision of a specialist.

An important factor in the success of the cure for the disease is the normalization of the psycho-emotional state of a person.

With depression, phobias and increased anxiety, antidepressants and tranquilizers become the drugs of choice. In milder clinical cases, Corvalol or Validol is prescribed, as well as sedatives based on herbs: motherwort, cyanosis or valerian.

To reduce blood pressure, depending on the concomitant pathology and the presence of contraindications, the following groups of drugs are used:

• beta-blockers;
• ACE inhibitors;
• diuretics;
• calcium antagonists;
• angiotensin receptor blockers.

Since the development of hypertensive type NCD in women can provoke the onset of menopause, experts recommend that they take phytoestrogens in the premenopausal and menopausal period, which, unlike hormone replacement therapy, have a mild effect and safety.

Considering the fact that infectious diseases can become an impetus for the onset of the disease, the body's defenses should be maintained by taking multivitamin complexes and immunomodulators.

An important role in the treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia is played by spa treatment and a variety of physiotherapy procedures:

• galvanization according to Shcherbak's method;
• general cryotherapy;
• acupuncture;
• radon, pearl, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and oxygen baths;
• balneotherapy;
• massage of the collar zone;
• hypo- and aeroionotherapy;
• electrosleep with a frequency of 10–25 Hz;
• electrophoresis with bromine preparations, aminofillin, papaverine, propranolol according to the general or "collar" method.

Classes with a psychotherapist, breathing exercises and auto-training are also useful.

Traditional medicine can offer alternative remedies in the form of infusions of soothing, hypotensive and vasodilating plant extracts: sweet clover, hawthorn flowers, lemon balm, mint, oregano and meadowsweet, as well as baths from pine needles, wormwood and valerian roots.

Prevention

The primary task of the doctor supervising the patient should be to introduce the latter to a healthy lifestyle, which includes:

• exclusion of the negative impact of harmful environmental factors and occupational hazards;
• normalization of sleep and wakefulness;
• eradication of bad habits;
• avoidance of nervous and physical overstrain;
• sufficient physical activity.

The best results in getting rid of the disease can be achieved when the root cause of the pathological condition is established and eliminated, but it is often necessary to resort to symptomatic therapy.

Despite the complexity of the pathogenesis and clinical picture of hypertensive NCD, modern medicine is armed with effective methods for diagnosing and treating the imbalance of the visceral nervous system. At the same time, in order to avoid relapses of the disease, the patient should be constantly in touch with the attending physician, scrupulously follow all his recommendations, and also keep his well-being under control.

If you notice in your child symptoms of deviations in the functioning of the heart, digestive and excretory systems, then this is an occasion to consult a doctor, including a neurologist. most often occurs in children and adolescents and only a doctor can diagnose it.

Are there effective ways to get rid of a headache without pills? Read in the material.

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