Tick-borne dermatitis, manifestation features, methods. Dermatitis: a huge variety of types and classification

Scabies mite has a small oblong body, translucent in color. As a habitat, the scabies mite chooses the skin of representatives of various age category.

Characteristic

Scabies mite has a small oblong body, translucent in color. Actively moves on human skin only at night. Tries to avoid light. The causative agents are mainly located in sebaceous glands facial skin, on the chin and hair follicles. Discomfort in people is caused by a scabies mite located on the neck,.

Usually tick-borne dermatitis similar to acne, so people do not even suspect the presence of a tick in their body and on the skin and try to get rid of only the rash.

Causes

As a habitat, the scabies mite chooses the skin of representatives of different age categories. When functioning properly immune system human prolonged presence of bacteria often goes unnoticed. Otherwise, pathogens easily penetrate deep into human skin and provoke further progression. Are at risk of defeat of the owner of light and sensitive skin, as well as older women (due to weakened immunity). The occurrence of ticks is due to:

disruption of the digestive system and endocrine system person;
mental disorders;
application cosmetics with additives.

The reasons for the active life of ticks:

abuse of spicy spices, alcohol and coffee drinks;
frequent and prolonged exposure to the sun, in the solarium.

The danger of catching tick-borne dermatitis lies in its ability to be transmitted from sick people to healthy ones. Sometimes subcutaneous tick carried by pets. Usage general subjects hygiene or eating utensils exposes a person to the risk of infection and the likelihood of becoming a carrier of a tick. It is better to prevent a disease than to treat it.

Symptoms

Symptoms of the disease appear when sensitive skin cells are irritated by the waste products of mites. This is expressed:

increased fat content;
rash and redness, the skin swells and itches;
inflamed and, mucus is released from the eyes, white scales appear on the eyelashes;
purulent crusts in places of inflammation.

Such symptoms indicate that the subcutaneous tick is actively spreading and the disease is progressing, treatment is necessary, for example, a doctor may prescribe an ointment for topical use.

Diagnostics

In order to treat a subcutaneous tick, diagnostics are effectively carried out, which allows you to establish the causes of the disease, as well as the course of its course. The first and essential step is visual inspection specialist. The doctor checks the presence of rashes and the condition of the person's skin. Scabies mite is confirmed by scraping the skin. Required lab tests for which scales, crusts are removed, purulent discharge. To obtain accurate results, before taking tests during the day, you should not wash your face. Treatment is prescribed after the readiness of all tests, then proceed to a comprehensive rehabilitation of the condition.

How to get rid of a tick

Involves the use of decoctions from different herbs with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. For external exposure, people even use kerosene and laundry soap. To prepare a tincture for oral administration, mix one tbsp. l. wormwood, plantain, nettle, yarrow, mint, tansy inflorescences and 2 tbsp. l. turns. Then separate from the resulting dry composition 2 tbsp. l., pour half a liter of boiling water. After 30 min. strain. Use 100 gr. half an hour before meals, duration - a month.

For compresses against ticks, the infusion is prepared from chamomile, calendula, plantain, string. Moisten swabs with a strong decoction, apply to problem areas. Great for washing. Since the subcutaneous tick, by the nature of the flow - chronic illness, it is completely impossible to cure it, however, it is quite possible to weaken the disease, as well as reduce the symptoms.

Treatment of tick-borne dermatitis on the face involves not only drug therapy- cryotherapy, which is carried out in the following forms:

Cryomassage.
Cryopilling.
Cryodermabrasion.

The main objective of the method is to recover protective functions human skin, which are necessary in the independent fight against ticks. For treatment, sulfur-containing drugs are used. The skin is covered with a special ointment, it is washed off after a while with the help of vegetable oil, then the area is treated thin layer steroid ointment. This method changes the composition of sebum, and the pores gradually acquire normal condition, resulting in a marked reduction in mites as well as the risk of reinfection person.

Eat more fruits, herbs, mint and currant tea (replace coffee). It is unacceptable to carry out cosmetic and solar procedures, visit baths. Every day, change and iron things, as well as bedding, towels.

Tick during pregnancy

If a pregnant woman finds the first signs of the disease, she should immediately go to the hospital, as most medicines, including ointment, in this position is contraindicated or treatment is required under the supervision of a physician. After inspection and delivery necessary analyzes doctor prescribes therapy.

Tick in children

In babies, the scabies mite affects everything skin, soles, face and scalp. In infants, the nail plates loosen and thicken, the surface of which subsequently cracks. The disease in children is diagnosed on the basis of examination contact persons and test results, only after that treatment is prescribed.

Prevention

To prevent the appearance of a tick, follow these recommendations:

Monitor the condition of your skin. Properly and regularly care for her.
Need to be treated as soon as possible skin diseases especially on the face.
Eliminate gastrointestinal problems in a timely manner.
Eat right.
Use only your cosmetics.

Subject to these rules, the subcutaneous tick is not terrible. If infection does occur, a trip to the doctor is required, who will prescribe adequate treatment. Even the ointment should be used only prescribed by a specialist. Treating such skin problems on your own means starting the disease.

These small insects of the arachnid order live everywhere. They are unpretentious and omnivorous. Most representatives of these ticks are predators. They live in the soil, cracks in the bark, under leaves, in the silt and crevices of buildings. Most often, gamasid mites eat small invertebrates, larvae, worms, and decomposed organic debris. There are many of them in nature, and most do not cause any trouble to a person.

What do gamasid mites look like? Their photo is hardly familiar even to those people who suffered from their bites. The fact is that these insects are very small - from 0.2 to 4 mm, and their color is yellowish or brown. Therefore, it is very difficult to notice them. These ticks are blood-sucking insects, but they do not live on the skin of humans or animals.

Where do these insects live?

What harm do these mites bring to a person?

Multiple bites of these arthropods cause allergic reaction: severe itching and skin irritation. This disease is called dermanissiosis or tick-borne dermatitis. When combing, there is a high probability of infection and development severe inflammation. But, besides this, gamasid mites are carriers of dangerous infectious diseases. When bitten, they can infect a person:

vesicular rickettsiosis;
typhus;
plague;
borreliosis;
tularemia.

All these diseases are very difficult and without timely treatment may lead to death.

Bites of gamasid mites

They cause tick-borne dermatitis in humans, which is called gamazoidosis. These mites are not poisonous, but they inject a special protein when they bite, which causes skin irritation and itching. The marks last for about 3 weeks, causing a person discomfort. Due to severe itching, such bites can be confused with scabies, therefore, before using medications, you need to correctly diagnose. After all, drugs against scabies will be useless in case of bites of gamasid mites. How to treat tick-borne dermatosis:

Gamasid mites: how to get rid of

This is especially important for people living in countryside. It is necessary to regularly treat the chicken coop with special powdered acaricides and prevent rodents from entering the premises. In urban areas, gamasid mites are less common, but you still need to know how to protect yourself from them. To do this, you need to follow the rules of hygiene, especially after visiting the forested area, keep pets and their place to sleep clean. Regularly it is necessary to carry out treatment with special flea shampoos. It is necessary to prevent the penetration of rodents into the premises, which can be carriers of ticks. To do this, you need to close up all the cracks and make sure that new ones do not appear.

Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin accompanied by itching. Tick-borne dermatitis occurs due to the bites of ticks that live on various domestic or wild animals (dogs, cats, rats), as well as grain, pasture, shoe and other types of ticks.

Their bites cause severe itching, but, unlike scabies, with tick-borne dermatitis, mites do not make itching moves in stratum corneum epidermis.

Disease carriers

Tick-borne dermatitis is caused by various types of mites. Rat tick dermatitis is caused by the bites of the tick Ornithonyssus bacoti, which belongs to the group of gamasid mites. It feeds on the blood of rats, mice, as well as dogs, cats and humans. Mouse tick dermatitis occurs when bitten by the Liponyssoides sanguineus tick, which lives on house mice.

The disease can also occur due to shoe mites Tyrophagus longior and Acarus siro living in shoes. Ticks breed in urban environments all year round, but p IR disease is more common in spring.

Symptoms of the disease

With tick-borne dermatitis, profuse rashes appear on the skin, accompanied by severe itching. Sometimes a secondary infection is added. The rash is usually concentrated in places of contact with animals or grain. In rat tick dermatitis, the mites usually bite the person in the area inguinal folds and popliteal folds, in the legs, less often in the abdomen and armpits.

Symptoms on injury different types ticks are generally similar, but there are some differences. For example, grain scabies is characterized by uritic rashes - intensely itchy pink blisters ranging in size from 0.5 to several centimeters, and shoe mites cause dermatitis of the feet and legs.

It must be remembered that tick bites can cause not only tick-borne dermatitis. Many species of ticks are carriers dangerous diseases such as Q fever.

Who is at risk

Foci of tick-borne dermatitis are divided into two types: domestic and industrial. Household hearths are located in houses, usually on the first and upper floors. Usually, the number of ticks in household foci is much lower than in industrial ones.

People who are at home most of the time are more likely to be bitten by ticks: the unemployed, pensioners and children.

Production centers are located in the premises where animals are kept (laboratories, zoos, vivariums) or processed and stored food products(meat-packing plants, markets, shops).

Risk groups for tick-borne dermatitis differ depending on which particular tick causes the disease. Grain scabies usually occurs in workers Agriculture, as well as warehouse workers dealing with grain.

If we are talking about rat or mouse tick-borne dermatosis, those who work with these animals in laboratory conditions, as well as people living in houses where in large numbers settled rats or mice. Bird or snake mite dermatitis can affect people who work with various types birds and snakes, as well as hobbyists who keep them at home.

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Treatment and prevention of the disease

The first step is to make a correct diagnosis in order to rule out diseases with similar symptoms, for example, scabies, since it is usually impractical to use scabies remedies for tick-borne dermatitis.

Tick-borne dermatosis is indicated by the absence of scabies in the skin.

After diagnosis for quick cure it is necessary first of all to exclude contact with the causative agent of the disease and its owners.

Therapeutic measures

Prednisolone is used to reduce itching. With rat tick dermatitis, such folk remedies, as a decoction of a string, an infusion of chamomile, a mixture of propolis and vegetable oil. Your doctor may also prescribe oral medications, such as antihistamines and desensitizers.

Preventive measures

Prevention of tick-borne dermatitis is primarily to exclude contact with ticks and their carriers. If cases of rat or mouse tick dermatitis are detected, it is necessary to destroy accumulations of rodents, as well as to carry out deacarization, that is, a special room against ticks.

If there are pets, their bedding needs to be treated. In addition, you need to close up the rat passages. If avian tick-borne dermatitis is detected, it is necessary to remove the nests of pigeons and sparrows away from human habitation and carry out pest control.

To prevent grain scabies, when working with grain, they take a shower and treat open areas of the body with a solution of baking soda.

Tick-borne dermatitis in children is more severe than in adults. Avian mite dermatitis is most common in children. school age. If you have children in the house, the prevention of tick dermatitis is especially important.

When a person is infected with scabies from animals, it is called pseudo-scabies, or tick-borne dermatitis. The most common source of infection are dogs, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, rabbits, foxes and other animals can be.

The incubation period is from several hours to 2 days. Female mites, penetrating into the epidermis of human skin, cause itching, but do not form passages and do not lay eggs [Lange A. B. et al., 1985]. Urticarial, papular, papulovesicular elements usually appear at the site of implementation. The disease is not transmitted from person to person, and if the source of infection is eliminated, self-healing can occur. Ticks are difficult to detect, and only females are detected.

The diagnosis of scabies is based on clinical manifestations, epidemiological data and laboratory results. Confirmation of the diagnosis of scabies laboratory method is especially important in cases where the diagnosis of the disease is difficult.

The traditional method of extracting ticks with a needle from the blind end of a typical scabies tract, followed by microscopy of the tick, placed on a glass slide in a drop of 10% sodium hydroxide, allows you to confirm clinical diagnosis. However, this method is ineffective in the presence of old dilapidated passages, vesicles and papules.

The method of thin sections of a section of the stratum corneum of the epidermis in the area of the scabies passage or vesicle, followed by treatment with 20% sodium hydroxide for 5 minutes and microscopy, makes it possible to detect not only the tick, but also its eggs.

The method of layer-by-layer scraping with an eye spoon of fresh elements until blood appears, placing the material in a drop of 20% caustic alkali with glycerin in equal volumes and microscopy after 10-20 min.

The method of alkaline preparation of the skin, which consists in applying 10% alkali to scabies on the skin, scraping off the macerated epidermis with a scalpel after 2 minutes and microscopy of the preparation in a drop of water. TsKVI M3 of Russia together with the Department of Entomology of Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov developed and put into practice a new method of laboratory express diagnosis of scabies using lactic acid [Lange A. B. et al., 1984, 1985].

The method is based on the ability of lactic acid to quickly clear the epidermis and mites in the preparation, which makes it possible to diagnose the disease with great accuracy. In addition, lactic acid does not crystallize, does not dry out, well loosens the stratum corneum of the epidermis before scraping, prevents the development of pyogenic complications and removes the remnants of dyes used to stain scabies mites for their detection.

For laboratory diagnostics used 40% water solution lactic acid. One drop of lactic acid is applied to the scabies element (scabies, papule, vesicle, crust, etc.). After 5 minutes, the loosened epidermis is scraped off with a sharp eye spoon until capillary blood appears. The material is transferred to a glass slide in a cup of lactic acid, covered with a coverslip and microscoped.

The result is considered positive if an adult female mite or even only eggs, empty egg shells or individual larvae and fragments are detected in the preparation of the contents of the itch passage.

"The process of mass reproduction of gamasid mites and the appearance of local foci of rat tick-borne dermatitis (hereinafter - RCD) is observed all year round."

Specialists distinguish two main foci of localization of such a disease as rat mite eva dermatitis:

residential zones - they are located on the lower floors of residential buildings. The defeat in the territory of such foci can occur day and night, people are at risk, for a long time staying in the apartment;
production centers - these include industrial areas where animals are bred, waste is processed, as well as various office premises.

Under production conditions, CCD becomes an occupational pathology, the main features of which are:

mass infection;
single origin of symptoms;
similarity of external manifestations of pathology;
rashes in contact areas;
minimization clinical manifestations on weekends and holidays.

Clinical picture

The disease is always acute. When a rat mite attacks a person, a corresponding reaction immediately appears on his skin. inflammatory response for bloodsucking - dermatitis. At first, the patient feels a slight burning sensation, which develops into severe itching. Symptoms are aggravated by scratching, contact with clothing, in the process of taking water procedures.

Local rashes can occur on any part of the body, but most often it is top part torso in areas where the skin is in contact with tight-fitting items of clothing. Ticks prefer those places where the epidermis is thinner.

Treatment of tick dermatitis

Folk remedies - effective method decrease external manifestations rat tick dermatitis. For the treatment of KKD, you can use the following recipes:

four large spoons of powder from chamomile flowers are poured with one liter of boiling water, boiled over low heat, filtered. Such a remedy is used to treat dermatitis when bathing: you need to add a few tablespoons of decoction to the bath. Chamomile has a good antiseptic effect, has a calming effect on the skin;
You can also treat the disease using a decoction of a string - for one tablespoon of crushed leaves of the plant you will need a glass of boiling water. The mixture must be boiled over low heat for 15 minutes. Dermatitis should be treated by adding a decoction to the water intended for bathing;
to relieve itching, you can apply to the affected areas of the epidermis pumpkin pulp or tampons that have been soaked in pumpkin juice. Dermatitis should be treated by making such compresses for 15-20 minutes several times a day. Pumpkin alternatives are potatoes or aloe;
crushed propolis should be combined with any vegetable oil(1:4). After that, the mixture is heated in the oven until the propolis is completely dissolved in the oil. Next, the product must be placed in a dark bottle. Treat dermatitis with propolis should be several times a day, applying moistened with this to the inflamed places. medicine tampons.

Precautionary measures

Populations of gamasid mites disappear after a series of activities:

So that ticks do not again enter the room and do not have to fight with KKD, it is necessary to eliminate the ways through which rodents could get into the apartment. As a preventative measure, pet bedding should also be washed and disinfected regularly.

In order not to re-treat CCD, the lesions are treated with repellents. The most popular among them are Yodantipyrin, Mosquitol, anti-tick "Taran".

The disease is treated systemically with antihistamine and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as locally with aniline dyes. Proven homemade recipes will help remove external ones.