What are cellophane bags made of? How plastic bags are made

In the process of any human activity, there is always waste that needs to be disposed of. Previously, garbage from a house or apartment was taken out in a bucket, but this was not convenient enough. Especially if you were in a hurry somewhere, and you had to return home to leave the bucket.

Over time, this problem was resolved. Began to produce special bags for garbage. They provided fast and efficient waste disposal. Now they are used everywhere: in production, construction, at home, in educational institutions, hospitals, various organizations, etc. With their help, the task of garbage disposal has been greatly facilitated. By the way, you can buy garbage bags in almost any size.

Garbage bags or bags are made from polyethylene. In the Russian Federation, a number of requirements are put forward for their manufacture, for example, strength, reliability, environmental friendliness, etc. The domestic market offers a wide selection of garbage bags of various density, size and even color.

What are garbage bags made of?

Making garbage bags is a complex process that is carried out in several stages.

For their production, 2 types of polyethylene are chosen:

High pressure. Such a package is elastic, durable, vapor and water resistant, it can withstand strong tension and is less prone to tearing. High density polyethylene bag has a glossy surface and does not rustle.

Low pressure. Garbage bags are dense, rigid, stretch less, but tear more often. They have a matte surface, rustle.

Types of garbage bags

Depending on the purpose of the garbage bags, the following types are distinguished:

For industrial and construction waste. Such bags are especially durable and large, because the waste is heavy and voluminous. Sometimes multi-layer bags are used in these areas of activity. Their volume ranges from 140 to 240 liters.

for household waste. Most often, these bags are made with flavors, which allows you to muffle the unpleasant smell from garbage. You can buy them at any grocery or household store. The optimal volume is 35-40 liters.

The volume and application of garbage bags

Garbage bags are produced in volumes from 20 to 240 liters. Garbage bags up to 100 liters are produced in rolls in small quantities (10-100 pieces). Garbage bags with a volume of 30 and 60 liters are popular.

From 100 to 200 liters bags are produced either in rolls or in layers. More often used in housing and communal services, restaurants, cafes, during public events.

Garbage bags of a larger volume are used for waste disposal in construction. They are strong and reliable for filling and hauling trash.

Pros of trash bags

With the help of a special catalyst, which is added during the production of garbage bags, these bags decompose under the influence of sunlight in 3 months.
They are environmentally friendly.
Convenient to carry. Packages can be made with a special tape or tightening cord, which replace the handles. This ribbon makes it easy to tie a bag.
Garbage bags have another advantage - low price, so they are available to everyone.

Collection of polyethylene

Our company does not process all types of plastic bags, but only film, bags, bags, defective stretch film production (so-called shrink film) and LDPE.

LDPE is high pressure polyethylene or, as it is also called, low density polyethylene. LDPE waste can be generated during the direct production of polyethylene film. A lot of waste - in stores (packaging of bottles, boxes, boxes), glass factories (from packaging of bottles, cans), distilleries and breweries (from packaging of containers or finished products).

Stretch film is a linear high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE). It can stretch a lot. Due to this property, as well as increased resistance to punctures and tearing, stretch film is used for packaging various goods, in particular on pallets (pallets). Stretch film waste is mainly generated and accumulated in warehouses of any value, at customs terminals, in logistics centers, etc.

But we do not recycle the popular HDPE (low pressure polyethylene) T-shirt bags and “biodegradable” bags, which can be found, for example, in Azbuka Vkusa. Polypropylene film, PVC film, bubble film, polyamide film, LDPE+PP, LDPE+PA multi-layer films, and double-sided two-color films are also not suitable. Finally, we do not accept film contaminated with oils, fats, food waste or pesticides.

Sorting

We transport the collected polyethylene to the warehouse. Up to 100 tons of film waste can be stored here, naturally in pressed form. At the first stage, the raw materials are carefully sorted. They separate stretch from LDPE, reject types of films that cannot be processed by our facilities.

Crusher

After sorting, packages of a certain color are put into a crusher. In it, on V-shaped knives (in our circles, this type is also called “dovetail”), the film is crushed to particles of uniform size. The knives are powered by an electric motor.

Washing

From the crusher, through the pneumatic conveyor, the so-called "crushed" gets into the sink. In it, with the addition of special cleaning solutions, the "crushed" is cleaned of dust and other non-polyethylene inclusions.

Cooking

The next stage of processing is agglomeration. In it, the so-called "cooking" takes place. The operator loads clean "crushed" into the working chamber through the loading window. The raw material enters the rotating rotor along the guides, is crushed by knives and due to friction against the body and between themselves is heated to the temperature of plasticization. In this case, the entire volume of loaded raw materials becomes similar to a mushy mass.

When the material becomes homogeneous, "shock" water is added to it, as a result of which the material is rapidly cooled and sintered into individual small irregularly shaped balls. For some more time, the agglomerate is dried at natural ambient temperature and unloaded into prepared containers to go to the final stage. The cooking process itself lasts from 5 to 10 minutes.

Granulation

The process of granulation can be compared to scrolling minced meat through a meat grinder. Agglomerate, which we received at the previous stage, is loaded into the extruder hopper. It is called so because the production of granules is based on the extrusion method - forcing the molten mass through a forming hole.

In general, our “minced meat” from boiled bags is melted under the action of heaters and pressure created by a rotating screw. The polymer melt is forced through a filter into a rotating extruder head. So-called threads are already coming out of it. For cooling, we run them through a water hose, and then into knives, where we cut them into homogeneous granules.

Storage

The granules are packaged in clean polypropylene bags, approximately 50 kg each. Special storage conditions are not required, but it is desirable that it be a dry room.

Finished raw materials

The resulting granules, depending on the composition and color, we sell. Natural color stretch granule goes to the production of secondary stretch. The natural color LDPE granule is used for the production of secondary shrink or technical film. Colored LDPE granules are mainly used for the production of garbage bags.

There is no such person who would not use plastic bags in everyday life.

It would seem that this thing is not of particular value, it costs a penny, but without it it would have been a little tight.

Polyethylene bag - a bag made of polyethylene used for carrying / storing things and materials (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_bag)

The homeland of plastic bags is the United States of America. This product first appeared in 1957 and was used as a packaging material for bakery products, as well as vegetables and fruits. Only 25 years later, well-known and in-demand T-shirt bags appear on sale, they are convenient to use and without which no trip to the store or to the market can be imagined. In 1973, the production of bags was 11.5 million pieces in Western Europe, and by 2002 it had grown to 5 trillion pieces, produced annually all over the world.

The main types of raw materials used for the manufacture of bags

The main types of raw materials used for the manufacture of bags are polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP).

Polyethylene bags.

They are the most popular. There are high-pressure plastic bags, which can withstand a load of up to 20 kilograms, and low pressure - such bags can withstand the entire load up to 5 kilograms.

Polypropylene bags.

No less demanded raw material for the manufacture of packaging. Such packages are also very often used in everyday life. Polypropylene is odorless, easily dyed in any color. Products from this raw material are transparent, resistant to tearing.

Polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene film.

Similar packaging can be used for food products. Such a film is characterized by flexibility and strength.

Types of plastic bags

There are several main types of plastic bags:

T-shirt package

Anyone who has seen it will understand why the name is what it is. Despite the fact that the price of such packages is cheap, their carrying capacity is very significant.

Packaging bags

These products are often used for packaging food and non-food products.

Bags with die-cut handle

Such packages have the form of a rectangle, with a handle cut out at the top edge, which is characterized by resistance to stretching.

Production process of plastic bags

The production of plastic bags is impossible without the use of a special machine - an extruder. A mixture of polyethylene granules with paint granules and additional additives is poured into it. A heating process takes place in the machine, and the result is a molten mass of polyethylene. In order for it to take the form of a bag, it should be passed under high pressure through a small slot from which a polyethylene tape emerges. In order to divide it into two parts, a stream of air is supplied, which forms a bubble and rises to the top. Almost finished film is wound on reels.

After that comes the stage of making the necessary forms. If it is necessary to apply a drawing, a printing press is used. With its help, an image, logo, inscription, etc. is applied.

Plastic bags and the environment

Today, both plastic and paper bags are in use. For the sake of the environment, it is better to use bags made of paper. The reason is that polyethylene is made from petroleum products and has a long decay time when it is in the ground. But today, "ecological" plastic bags are already used, which decompose within 10 years. Thus, nature will be less polluted if people prefer paper products to plastic bags.

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