Chronic cystitis: an integrated approach to completely get rid of the disease. Chronic cystitis: treatment, symptoms, causes, folk remedies, diet

The diagnosis of chronic cystitis is made when the symptoms of the disease in women persist for more than two weeks, and relapses are repeated several times a year. Due to the anatomical features of cystitis, it occurs more often in women - after all, their short urethra makes it easier for bacterial infections.

Chronic cystitis can occur latently, with alternating exacerbations and remissions, or with constant symptoms. Diagnosis is based on the results of urine tests, vaginal microflora in women, tests for STDs, ultrasound of the urinary organs, cystography, cystoscopy, endovesical biopsy.

In women with chronic cystitis, antibacterial treatment is carried out, correction of hormonal and immune status, microcirculation processes, local therapy and prevention of exacerbations, and, if indicated, surgical interventions.

Causes

What it is? Chronic cystitis occurs against the background of diseases of the genitourinary tract or other pathologies present in the patient, leading to infection and inflammation of the bladder wall.

In this case, the factors contributing to the development of the disease are:

• deterioration of the protective properties of the epithelium of the bladder wall, provoked by the presence of foci of chronic infection in the patient's body;
• incomplete emptying of the bladder cavity during micturition;
• the presence of tumor neoplasms, stones, polyposis growths and diverticulum in the cystic cavity;
• prolonged violation of the outflow of urine;
• violation of hygiene requirements.

The most common cause of chronic cystitis is the lack of timely and professional treatment of acute inflammation of the bladder wall.

Symptoms of chronic cystitis

When a woman suffers from chronic cystitis, she may have only one of the symptoms, because the disease is in a latent state.

We list the main signs of chronic cystitis:

• (dysuria), which may be accompanied by a burning sensation in the urethra;
• frequent urination in small portions;
• pain in the suprapubic region;
• (usually in adults)
• foul-smelling urine.

A woman needs to be attentive to the above symptoms. If she has found one or more of them, she needs to seek the advice of a specialist. After all, diseases of the urinary system often provoke diseases of the reproductive system. And this is very undesirable for all women, especially those who have not given birth.

Chronic cystitis and pregnancy

If the patient had chronic cystitis before pregnancy, then during the pregnancy itself, the likelihood of an exacerbation of this disease is high. This is because during pregnancy, the body's defenses are reduced and there is pressure on the bladder from the fetus.

In the treatment of this condition, it is necessary to select drugs for chronic cystitis that do not have a teratogenic effect.

Prevention

To prevent chronic cystitis, it is first necessary to carefully treat an acute disease without interrupting the course of antibacterial agents. In the presence of concomitant diseases of both the pelvic organs and the body as a whole, one should timely and fully engage in their therapy.

Be sure to dress according to the season, eat a balanced diet, lead a healthy lifestyle and not have the habit of holding back the desire to urinate when the urge arises.

Treatment of chronic cystitis

In each individual case of chronic cystitis, treatment in women should be selected taking into account the symptoms and clinical picture of the disease. The therapeutic process for this disease includes:

1. Etiological (aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease);
2. Pathogenetic (elimination of manifestations);
3. Preventive treatment.

The first involves the use of medications in the treatment of chronic cystitis in women. The main role in this is given to antibiotics, the selection of which is carried out on the basis of a bacteriological study with the identification of the pathogen.

The drugs of the fluoroquinolone group (Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin) have the greatest sensitivity against urogenital infection. Nitrofurans (Furomag, Bactrim) are indispensable in the treatment of genitourinary infections.

Pathogenetic treatment is aimed at normalizing immune and hormonal disorders, improving the blood supply to the bladder, correcting hygiene skills and sexual contacts.

Proper drinking regime, perhaps no less important component, without which it is impossible to treat cystitis. A sick person should take as much liquid as possible. You need to drink at least three to four liters of fluid per day.

To get rid of chronic cystitis during the period of exacerbation, in addition to all of the above measures, it is necessary:

• bed rest;
• sufficient amount of fluid to drink;
• salt-free diet;
• ozone therapy;
• acupuncture.

Chronic cystitis occurs against the background of reduced immunity, so a woman needs to strengthen it in every possible way.

Folk remedies

There are several very effective traditional medicine recipes that also fight chronic cystitis very effectively. However, remember that all these prescriptions can only serve as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by your doctor.

1. Help relieve pain cornflower flowers, licorice root and bearberry leaves in a ratio of 1:1:3. Grind all the ingredients and pour 0.2 liters of boiling water, let it brew for half an hour. After that, strain and drink a tablespoon 5 times a day before meals. You can make an infusion of the following herbs: chamomile, flax seeds, eucalyptus, yarrow, clover, medicinal lovage.
2. Accept lingonberry leaf decoctions it is possible for six or more months, because there are no side effects. One st. brew a spoonful of leaves with boiling water (200 ml) and drink after cooling 0.5 tbsp. before meals 3-4 times a day.
3. For cooking infusion of calendula place three tablespoons of decoction in a thermos and pour one glass of boiling water. Insist during the day. Then strain the infusion with gauze. A sick person should drink this decoction every morning, on an empty stomach, half a glass. The duration of such a course of treatment is 2 weeks. At the time of treatment, it is necessary to abandon the use of black tea, even in small quantities.
4. Parsley roots and greens- 1 tsp finely chopped roots and stems placed in a thermos, pour a glass of boiling water, soak for 2-3 hours; take a decoction in small sips one hour before each meal;

Each prescription must be approached reasonably, evaluating its potential benefits and contraindications for a woman.

Inflammation of the bladder occurs due to infection in it. Often the causative agent is E. coli, as well as other bacteria and organisms that make up the intestinal and vaginal flora. Microorganisms enter the bladder, rising from the anogenital region through the urethra. In order for them to cause infection, local immunity must be weakened, allowing bacteria to actively increase, release toxins, destroy the bladder mucosa and lead to increased urination.

How to cure chronic cystitis? If an illness occurs, you should visit a urologist and gynecologist who will tell you how to treat cystitis in women and for how long. If an infection is confirmed, the doctor will prescribe a course of treatment with antibiotics and other anti-inflammatory drugs. Fluoroquinolones are often recommended, but they have many contraindications, so self-medication is dangerous. With severe pain, Papaverine or No-Shpa may be prescribed. Useful for cystitis herbal teas, drinks with soda. Herbal preparations in tablets reduce inflammation.

Preparations

• Monural is one of the most common antibiotics prescribed for the bacterial form of the disease. These cystitis medications are sold as granules, powders, and suspensions and are strong uroantiseptics.
• Nolicin is an antibiotic drug belonging to the group of fluoroquinolones. The medicine is considered effective for cystitis, as few bacteria have developed resistance to them.
• Nitroxoline is an antibiotic drug.
• Palin is a uroantiseptic drug for the fight against microbes of the quinolone group.
• Nevigramone is an antibacterial drug based on nalidixic acid.
• Rulid is an antibiotic belonging to a number of macrolides.
• Furadonin is a proven means of combating a bacterial infection of the urinary tract.

Treatment of cystitis at home

• Cherry stalks. They make tea. It is necessary to pour into the container three tbsp. l. petioles, pour boiled water, leave for 15 minutes. You should drink a folk drink on an empty stomach.
• Horsetail grass. To make the infusion, prepare two tbsp. l. herbs. Pour 1 liter of warm water, boil for 10 minutes. Then wrap with a towel and hold for 20 minutes, then strain. Drink half a glass a couple of times a day.
• Parsley. For the manufacture of this folk remedy, you need only 100 g of fresh herbs. Pour 1 liter of boiled water and leave for a couple of hours. Drink half a glass a day for two weeks.
• Rose hip. Prepare 4 tbsp. l. finely chopped rosehip roots. Pour 1 liter of water, boil for about 20 minutes. After removing the broth from the fire, strain. Take 4 times a day for half a glass.

Physiotherapy treatment

• Short-pulse electroanalgesia, which affects the pelvic area under the pubic joint and is carried out by contact. During the procedure, which lasts about ten minutes, the patient should lie on his back, and the full course will be from five to fifteen sessions.
• During magnetic laser therapy, the patient should be on his back, his legs bent at the knees and spread apart. The procedure lasts five minutes, the course is ten sessions, which are best done in the morning.
• Magnetotherapy is carried out in the same position. The contact procedure takes twenty minutes, and there are up to ten repetitions in the course. The best time for the procedure will be in the morning.

What to do with cystitis in men

Cystitis in the stronger sex is much less common than in women. Only 0.5% of men over the age of forty are patients of urologists with this diagnosis. This is due to physiology. The urethra in men is longer and narrower, therefore it is able to delay the infection and prevent it from entering the bladder. In this case, cystitis in them may occur as a result of infravesical obstruction, in which the urinary tract is compressed near the urethra or bladder neck.

In acute cystitis, men are recommended bed rest, diet, and increased fluid intake. It is better to forget about intimacy and alcohol for a while. If the pain does not recede or urinary retention occurs, you will have to go to the hospital. Antibiotics are used to treat male cystitis. Medicines are often supplemented with herbal uroseptics.

How to treat chronic cystitis in the acute stage

How to cure chronic cystitis in the acute stage? Antibiotics, especially if there is pus in the urine. To eliminate the symptoms, you will need to take nitrofuran drugs for two weeks with a constant urine test. Herbal uroantiseptics will also be useful. To relieve pain and pain, antispasmodics are used. In the case of frequent exacerbations, the doctor may recommend the introduction of antibiotics into the lumen of the bladder.

The prolonged course of the inflammatory process in the bladder, which leads to structural and functional changes in the organ of the urinary system, is nothing more than chronic cystitis. Women are more susceptible to the occurrence of pathology due to the structural features of the urinary tract. Treatment of chronic cystitis in women is carried out after receiving the results of the tests and a complete diagnosis.

Chronic cystitis in women, the causes of which may be associated with several provoking factors, occurs due to:

• improper treatment;
• the presence of other diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
• hormonal changes;
• frequent hypothermia;
• non-observance of personal hygiene.

An incorrectly formulated therapy regimen leads to the fact that the inflammatory process does not subside completely, resulting in the occurrence of relapses of the disease.

Infectious diseases such as urethritis, pyelonephritis and STDs contribute to the development of chronic inflammation. Provoking factors can also be stones, polyps and diverticula formed in the bladder.

Hormonal changes during pregnancy and menopause often lead to chronic disease. The cause of relapses may be the presence of endocrine pathologies, including diabetes mellitus.

Frequent hypothermia and lack of personal hygiene leads to a weakening of the local immune status and the development of a chronic form.

Do you often go to the toilet?

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Signs of chronic cystitis in women

Every third out of ten patients develops into a chronic one. The inflammatory process in the latter case lasts more than 8 weeks, during which not only the mucous membrane of the urogenital organ is damaged, but also its walls. This, in turn, can be a consequence of the development of bladder deformity. Pathology in advanced form is difficult to conservative therapy.

Chronic cystitis in women, the symptoms of which may have a latent form, is most often manifested by exacerbations of 1 or more times a year. The main signs of exacerbation of pathology are:

• increased urge to mimic;
• sharp and pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Pain relief occurs after urination is completed. In the urine, in some cases, small blood clots may be observed.

With a latent course of the disease, there are no complaints, and pathology is detected only in the case of endoscopic examination in the pelvic area.

Antihypoxants

Most often, Solcoseryl 200 tablets are prescribed as an antihypoxant. The drug is taken 1 tablet twice a day. The duration of drug treatment is 2 weeks. The drug of this group helps to improve the circulation of oxygen in the pelvic organs.

Antiplatelet agents

In women from the group of antiplatelet agents, they improve local blood circulation, increase the supply of oxygen to tissues and restore the tone of the muscles of the bladder. The most popular antiplatelet agent is Pentoxifylline-Akri 100. The treatment regimen and dosage are set individually.

NPP

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to relieve pain. This category of drugs is taken on average for 1.5-3 weeks. In small doses, the use of NPP is permissible up to 2 months under the supervision of the attending physician.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines for chronic cystitis in women are mandatory. The dosage and duration of treatment with antihistamines is determined individually. The average course of therapy is 3-4 weeks.

Herbal diuretics

In complex therapy, along with antibiotics and other concomitant drugs, herbal diuretics are prescribed. They are used for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes to prevent relapses.

Lingonberry leaves are an effective remedy for chronic cystitis in women. The preparation of plant origin has a diuretic, antimicrobial, bactericidal and mild anti-inflammatory effect. A decoction of the leaves is taken 3-4 times a day for 3 weeks. After a 2-week break, the course of treatment is repeated.

Herbal preparations from lovage, bearberry, dill and corn stigmas also have good efficiency.

Immunomodulators

Whether it is possible to cure chronic cystitis in women depends largely on the correctly identified etiology of the disease, as well as the prescribed drugs. Immunomodulators help to increase the chances of permanently getting rid of the pathology. Uro-Vaksom capsules showed the greatest effectiveness in the treatment of a bladder infection of a recurrent nature.

For therapeutic purposes, the drug is taken once a day for 1.5-12 weeks. For preventive purposes, the medication is taken at the same dosage for 3 months.

Chronic cystitis in women is more common than in men due to some peculiarity of their anatomical structure (short urethra). Men, on the other hand, are much less likely to suffer from this disease and in them it is usually combined with other inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. Chronic inflammation of the bladder walls is one of the most common pathologies among inflammatory urological diseases.

Causes of chronic cystitis

In addition, there are factors that predispose to the development of this pathology:

• hypothermia of the body;
• bladder stones;
• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs (prostatitis, pyelonephritis);
• foci of chronic infection of the body (caries, chronic abscesses, etc.);
• long sedentary work;
• spicy, salty, smoked and fried foods;
• non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
• excessive sexual activity;
• prolonged constipation;
• medical manipulations on the pelvic organs (for example, cystoscopy, bladder catheterization, and others);
• incorrect treatment of acute cystitis;
• a decrease in the immunological forces of the body due to various reasons.

Classification of chronic cystitis

Chronic cystitis is a collective concept of many similar pathological conditions associated with inflammatory pathology of the bladder. In order to make it easier to differentiate them from each other and prescribe the appropriate treatment regimen for chronic cystitis, various classifications were invented.

As you can see, there are many reasons leading to cystitis. That is why it is such a common disease.

Cystitis is divided downstream into:

1. spicy;
2. chronic.

Acute cystitis occurs no more than once a year and is characterized by an acute attack of pain in the lower abdomen with dysuric phenomena and urinary syndrome. If this attack is repeated 2 or more times a year, then they are already talking about an exacerbation of chronic cystitis. In fact, this means that the wall of the bladder is already so changed, and the bacteria are so firmly clinging to it, that a lot of time and effort will be required from both the medical staff and the patient himself to completely cure this disease. . Therefore, it is so important to correctly treat acute cystitis so that it does not turn into chronic.

In relation to other diseases of the urinary system, cystitis can be:

• primary;
• secondary.

Primary cystitis occurs as an independent disease, while secondary is a consequence of another disease.

According to the localization of inflammation in the bladder itself, cystitis can be:

• cervical;
• diffuse;
• trigonitis (inflammation is localized at the junction of the urethra with the bladder).

According to the clinical picture, chronic cystitis is divided into:

• chronic latent cystitis:
  • • • • • • • • • • • • • stable latent course;
                          • with rare exacerbations;
                          • with frequent exacerbations;
• persistent chronic cystitis;
• interstitial chronic cystitis.

With chronic latent cystitis depending on its form, clinical symptoms may be completely absent or manifest as exacerbations with varying frequency.

For persistent chronic cystitis there are distinct phases of exacerbations and remissions, as well as corresponding laboratory and endoscopic signs.

With interstitial chronic cystitis there is a stable pain syndrome and other severe symptoms. This is the most severe form of chronic cystitis.

According to morphological changes in the wall of the bladder, the following types of cystitis are distinguished:

• catarrhal;
• hemorrhagic;
• ulcerative (necrotic);
• follicular;
• fibrous;
• bullous;
• polyposis;
• cystic;
• encrusting.

At catarrhal In chronic cystitis, inflammation looks like hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane.

At hemorrhagic chronic cystitis reveals areas of damage to the mucous membrane with their bleeding. In this cystitis, a large number of red blood cells will be found in the urine, and the urine may become dark or red in color (gross hematuria).

At ulcerative (necrotic) chronic cystitis on the mucous membrane of the bladder, deep defects of the mucous membrane are found up to the muscular membrane.

At follicular In chronic cystitis, tubercles (follicles) appear in the submucosal layer, which raise the mucosa itself, making it bumpy. Moreover, the mucosa itself is not changed.

At fibrous In chronic cystitis, white or dark purple films (fibrin and pus) can be found on the mucous membrane. The mucosa itself becomes folded, compacted.

At bullous chronic cystitis macroscopically observed severe congestive hyperemia and severe swelling of the mucous membrane of the bladder.

At polyposis chronic cystitis, prolonged inflammation leads to the appearance of polypous growths of the mucous membrane. Most often, polyps are found in the bladder neck.

cystic chronic cystitis is characterized by the presence of cysts under the mucosa. These cysts may be single, or they may be located in groups. These cysts are filled with lymphoid tissue and surrounded by modified epithelium.

Inlay (alkaline) chronic cystitis differs from the rest in that the bacteria that are in the bladder have the ability to metabolize urea and form alkali. The latter, in turn, leads to the formation of calcium phosphate salts, which are deposited in the bladder wall. This cystitis is characterized by a long course and in the treatment requires, in addition to antibacterial treatment, measures aimed at acidifying the urine.

Chronic cystitis and pregnancy

If the patient had chronic cystitis before pregnancy, then during the pregnancy itself, the likelihood of an exacerbation of this disease is high. This is because during pregnancy, the body's defenses are reduced and there is pressure on the bladder from the fetus. In the treatment of this condition, it is necessary to select drugs for chronic cystitis that do not have a teratogenic effect.

Symptoms of chronic cystitis

The symptoms of chronic cystitis in women and men are not fundamentally different. This pathology is characterized by the fact that in its clinic there are periods of exacerbations and remissions. These periods can alternate with different frequency. At the same time, during periods of remission, no clinical signs of chronic cystitis are observed, and during exacerbations, the following symptoms are possible:

• dysuric phenomena (painful and frequent urination);
• pain in the lower abdomen, in the lower back;
• change in the color of urine (it is possible to detect blood or pus in the urine);
• discomfort during intercourse;
• over time, depressive and anxiety states may develop.

Over time, the symptoms of chronic cystitis may worsen, especially if its treatment is not given due attention.

What to do with chronic cystitis?

Actions for chronic cystitis depend on its stage. During periods of remission, it is necessary to engage in the prevention of this disease in order to avoid exacerbation. In the event of the onset of this exacerbation, it must be immediately and properly treated.

How to treat chronic cystitis?

The treatment of chronic cystitis is a difficult task and requires a lot of work from both doctors and the patient. One should include an appropriate regimen, diet, etiotropic, pathogenetic, symptomatic and restorative therapy. How to cure chronic cystitis according to all the rules and laws in a specific clinical situation, only the attending physician competent in this matter (urologist or gynecologist) knows. All other doctors can be consultants and "advisers" in this matter.

Treatment of chronic cystitis in women and men is not fundamentally different. The only difference is that women have more predisposing factors for the development of cystitis, so its treatment requires a little more attention.

Regime for chronic cystitis. During an exacerbation, bed rest must be observed. This will reduce the unnecessary impact on the bladder of various factors (mechanical, thermal, and others).

Diet for chronic cystitis. This issue needs to be given special attention. First of all, you need to maintain an optimal water load, that is, drink 2-2.5 liters of fluid per day. A large volume of urine will mechanically flush out bacteria and products of inflammatory reactions from the bladder, thereby preventing congestion in it.

In order to reduce the harmful effects of various substances that irritate the mucous membrane of the bladder, excess salt, spicy, smoked and fried foods should be excluded from the diet. It is strongly not recommended to take alcoholic beverages both during an exacerbation of chronic cystitis and during remission.

In addition, the features of the diet will depend on the type of chronic cystitis and on the presence of concomitant pathology. So with alkaline cystitis, it is advisable to eat more foods that acidify urine (foods rich in vitamin C). In other cases, it is recommended to adhere to a dairy-vegetarian diet, which alkalizes urine.

With diabetes, it is necessary to monitor the level of carbohydrates in the diet and blood sugar levels. In this case, high blood sugar will negatively affect the treatment of cystitis itself.

For other metabolic diseases, it is necessary to observe the corresponding diets.

Etiotropic treatment of chronic cystitis

For effective treatment of chronic cystitis, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that adversely affects the bladder mucosa. In most cases, this cause is infectious agents (bacteria). In this case, the etiotropic treatment will be the use of appropriate antibacterial drugs.

In chronic cystitis, antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone group (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin) and 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins are used.

But before using a particular drug, it is necessary to conduct a bacteriological analysis of urine for the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. This analysis will show which of the antibiotics is best suited in a given clinical situation. But, unfortunately, bacteriological examination lasts a whole week, and treatment must be prescribed as early as possible. Therefore, before the arrival of the result of the analysis of bacteriological examination, doctors use antibiotics, based on their own experience in this matter.

Antibiotic treatment is carried out for a course of one to two weeks, so that all pathogens die. Otherwise, the bacteria may have time to “get used” to this antibiotic and not respond to it the next time.

But the cause of chronic cystitis can be not only bacteria.. If the cause is viruses or fungi, then the treatment will be different. With radiation cystitis, it is necessary to exclude the effect of radiation on the patient's body, with toxic cystitis, it is necessary to exclude the effect of a toxin, and so on.

Pathogenetic treatment

Surgical treatment can be attributed to pathogenetic. It is advisable when cystitis is caused by some anatomical features of the urinary system, in which there is stagnation of urine in the urinary tract. Surgical correction is able to correct these defects and normalize urodynamics.

Symptomatic treatment

The need for this type of therapy occurs with severe pain and high body temperature. For the symptomatic treatment of chronic cystitis, drugs such as antispasmodics (papaverine, drotaverine), NSAIDs (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, etc.), paracetamol and others are used.

As a local treatment, instillations (washing) of the bladder with antiseptic solutions are used.

How to get rid of chronic cystitis?

Is there a cure for chronic cystitis? How is it treated! However, one must understand that a chronic disease implies such changes in the affected organ, in which their reverse development is almost impossible. With prolonged inflammatory processes in the tissues of an organ, the functional tissue is replaced by coarse connective tissue. Figuratively speaking, a scar (scar) is formed on the mucous membrane of the bladder. And scars at this stage in the development of medicine can be cured with stem cells or with the help of a healthy organ transplant.

Therefore, the question - “Is it possible to cure chronic cystitis?” , can be answered in the affirmative. However, not every patient is able to afford such treatment.

Speaking about the treatment of chronic cystitis, they do not mean a complete cure as such and a complete rejuvenation of the bladder cells, but the achievement of a phase of stable and long-term remission. This remission can last the entire life of the patient, provided that he complies with therapeutic and prophylactic recommendations.

Treatment of chronic cystitis with folk methods

Alternative medicines for chronic cystitis can help both in the treatment and prevention of this disease. However, it should be remembered that self-medication is fraught with certain consequences. Therefore, it is better to coordinate this treatment with your doctor.

Any decoctions of herbs and other drinks that have a diuretic m, will have a therapeutic effect on the urinary system with its chronic inflammation. You can also use sweet tea with milk as a diuretic.

Lingonberry juice, berries and a decoction of lingonberry leaves is a natural uroseptic, that is, it is able to kill bacteria in the urinary tract. Therefore, if possible, it should be included in your diet.

Cranberries also interfere with the ability of bacteria to invade the lining of the bladder.

In pharmacies there are so-called kidney fees, which you need to brew and take half a glass twice a day (morning and night).

To preserve and improve the immunological forces of the body, it is recommended to use decoction of echinacea (brewed 3 tablespoons per 1 liter of water). This decoction is taken 100 ml three times a day for 1 month. After a break of 2 weeks, the treatment can be repeated.

When taking a bath, you can add various antiseptics to it, such as chamomile decoction, baking soda and potassium permanganate.

Consequences of chronic cystitis

• Bladder infection can go higher (pyelonephritis) or lower (urethritis).
• Prolonged painful and dysuric phenomena in cystitis can lead to depressive and neurotic states.
• Urinary incontinence may develop.
• Chronic cystitis can be the basis for the development of tumor processes in the bladder (cancer).

Video: Cystitis in women. Prevention and treatment of cystitis.