If fainting occurs, then this is an occasion to think about your health. The development of convulsions with loss of consciousness Severe forms and complications of influenza

Fainting, or a brief loss of consciousness, is impaired consciousness and equilibrium, which occurs when the brain is temporarily disabled due to insufficient blood supply. Although syncope is more common among teenagers and the elderly, average person experiencing fainting during one or another period of life.

There are at least eight possible causes of fainting. According to the causes, syncope can be classified: neurogenic, idiopathic, cardiovascular, vasovagal, vestibular, metabolic, hypotensive, psychiatric syncope. Knowing about these potential causes of syncope, you can actively prevent them. Some patients before syncope develops, experience dizziness, palpitations, visual or hearing impairment, their skin is covered cold sweat. If you quickly loosen your tie or lie down on the sofa, you can interrupt the attack on pre-fainting stage.

1. Neurogenic syncope or syncope of nervous origin.
The most common reason why people experience neurogenic syncope, is a reflex of the peripheral nervous system that controls blood pressure. Doctors diagnose the neurogenic nature of syncope in 24% of all cases. This type of syncopation usually occurs in people with low blood volume due to low sodium intake or high sodium loss due to diuretics. In stressful situations, e.g. very high ambient temperature, sympathetic the nervous system reflexively expand the veins to increase sweating and heat loss.

Dilation of the blood vessels leads to a sharp drop in venous return to the heart. The heart reacts to changes by developing tachycardia. merit of the wanderer nerve parasympathetic nervous system is to slow the heart rate. Inadequate blood flow to the brain leads to fainting. Shortly after the fall of the patient, the blood supply to the brain increases and he quickly comes to his senses.

2. Idiopathic fainting or loss of consciousness of unknown origin.

Unfortunately, 24% syncope, even after a complete diagnosis, do not find a specific cause. Such cases of syncope are treated mainly symptomatic means.

3. Loss of consciousness insufficiency circulation.
About 18% of syncope falls into this category. They may be due to structural abnormalities in the heart and blood vessels leading to the brain ( cerebral ischemia). In other cases, it may be due to an abnormal heart rhythm ( arrhythmias).

4. Hypotensive syncope or syncope postural origin.
About 11% fainting have postural origin . sudden transition from lying down to a standing position leads to a drop in blood pressure.

5. Metabolic syncope or syncope with high/low blood sugar.
The reason in this case is the development of hypo- or hyperglycemia. An overdose of diabetic drugs is accompanied by very low blood sugar and leads to syncope. Insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes can lead to very high blood glucose and secondarily high ketone bodies. This leads to a more serious type of syncope, where the patient may fall into a coma if the condition is not treated promptly.

6. neuropathological fainting or loss of consciousness in diseases of the central nervous system.
This may happen due to pressure brain tissue tumors or due to bleeding into the brain (hematoma).

7. Loss of consciousness in mental illness.
May be observed when hysteria and anxiety.

8. Situational syncope.
Loss of consciousness occurs with a strong emotional shock, anxiety, anxiety.

Thank you

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What is flu?

Flu is an acute viral infectious disease characterized by lesions of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and symptoms of general intoxication of the body. The disease is prone to rapid progression, and developing complications from the lungs and other organs and systems can pose a serious danger to human health and even life.

As a separate disease, influenza was first described in 1403. Since then, about 18 pandemics have been reported ( epidemics in which the disease affects a large part of the country or even several countries) influenza. Since the cause of the disease was unclear, and there was no effective treatment, most people who fell ill with influenza died from developing complications ( the death toll was in the tens of millions). So, for example, during the Spanish flu ( 1918 - 1919) infected more than 500 million people, of which about 100 million died.

In the middle of the 20th century, the viral nature of influenza was established and new methods of treatment were developed, which made it possible to significantly reduce mortality ( mortality) for this pathology.

flu virus

The causative agent of influenza is a viral microparticle containing certain genetic information encoded in RNA ( ribonucleic acid). Influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae and includes the genera Influenza types A, B, and C. Type A virus can infect humans and some animals ( e.g. horses, pigs), while viruses B and C are dangerous only to humans. It is worth noting that the most dangerous is the type A virus, which is the cause of most influenza epidemics.

In addition to RNA, the influenza virus has a number of other components in its structure, which allows it to be divided into subspecies.

In the structure of the influenza virus, there are:

Hemagglutinin ( hemagglutinin, H) a substance that binds red blood cells red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen in the body).
Neuraminidase ( neuraminidase, N) - a substance responsible for damage to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are also antigens of the influenza virus, that is, those structures that provide activation of the immune system and the development of immunity. Type A influenza virus antigens are prone to high variability, that is, they can easily change their external structure when exposed to various factors, while maintaining a pathological effect. This is the reason for the widespread spread of the virus and the high susceptibility of the population to it. Also, due to the high variability, every 2–3 years there is an outbreak of an influenza epidemic caused by various subspecies of type A viruses, and every 10–30 years a new type of this virus appears, which leads to the development of a pandemic.

Despite their danger, all influenza viruses have a rather low resistance and are rapidly destroyed in the external environment.

Influenza virus dies:

As part of human secretions ( phlegm, mucus) at room temperature- in 24 hours.
At minus 4 degrees– within a few weeks.
At minus 20 degrees within a few months or even years.
At a temperature of plus 50 - 60 degrees– within a few minutes.
In 70% alcohol– within 5 minutes.
When exposed to ultraviolet rays ( direct sunlight) - almost instantly.

Influenza (influenza) epidemiology)

To date, influenza and other respiratory viral infections account for more than 80% of all infectious diseases, due to the high susceptibility of the population to this virus. Absolutely anyone can get the flu, and the likelihood of infection does not depend on gender or age. A small percentage of the population, as well as people who have recently been ill, may have immunity to the influenza virus.

The peak incidence occurs during the cold seasons ( autumn-winter and winter-spring periods). The virus spreads rapidly in communities, often causing epidemics. From an epidemiological point of view, the most dangerous is the period of time during which the air temperature ranges from minus 5 to plus 5 degrees, and the air humidity decreases. It is in such conditions that the likelihood of contracting the flu is as high as possible. On summer days, the flu is much less common, without affecting a large number of people.

How does the flu get transmitted?

The source of the virus is a person with influenza. People can be contagious with overt or covert ( asymptomatic) forms of the disease. The most contagious sick person is in the first 4-6 days of illness, while prolonged virus carriers are much less common ( usually in debilitated patients, as well as with the development of complications).

Influenza virus transmission occurs:

Airborne. The main way the virus spreads, causing the development of epidemics. The virus is released into the external environment from the respiratory tract of a sick person during breathing, talking, coughing or sneezing ( virus particles are found in droplets of saliva, mucus or sputum). In this case, all people who are in the same room with an infected patient are at risk of infection ( in the classroom, in public transport and so on). entrance gate ( by entering the body) in this case, there may be mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract or eyes.
Contact household way. The possibility of transmitting the virus by contact-household is not excluded ( when mucus or sputum containing the virus comes into contact with the surfaces of toothbrushes, cutlery and other objects that are subsequently used by other people), but the epidemiological significance of this mechanism is low.

Incubation period and pathogenesis ( development mechanism) influenza

incubation period ( the period of time from infection with the virus to the development of the classic manifestations of the disease) can last from 3 to 72 hours, averaging 1 to 2 days. The duration of the incubation period is determined by the strength of the virus and the initial infectious dose ( that is, the number of viral particles that entered the human body during infection), as well as the general state of the immune system.

In the development of influenza, 5 phases are conditionally distinguished, each of which is characterized by a certain stage in the development of the virus and characteristic clinical manifestations.

In the development of influenza, there are:

reproduction phase ( breeding) virus in cells. After infection, the virus enters the epithelial cells ( upper mucosal layer), starting to actively multiply inside them. As the pathological process develops, the affected cells die, and the new viral particles released at the same time penetrate into neighboring cells and the process repeats. This phase lasts several days, during which the patient begins to show clinical signs of damage to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.
Phase of viremia and toxic reactions. Viremia is characterized by the entry of viral particles into the bloodstream. This phase begins in the incubation period and can last up to 2 weeks. The toxic effect in this case is due to hemagglutinin, which affects erythrocytes and leads to impaired microcirculation in many tissues. At the same time, a large amount of decay products of cells destroyed by the virus is released into the bloodstream, which also has a toxic effect on the body. This is manifested by damage to the cardiovascular, nervous and other systems.
phase of the respiratory tract. A few days after the onset of the disease, the pathological process in the respiratory tract is localized, that is, the symptoms of a predominant lesion of one of their departments come to the fore ( larynx, trachea, bronchi).
Phase of bacterial complications. Reproduction of the virus leads to the destruction of respiratory epithelial cells, which normally perform an important protective function. As a result of this, the airways become completely defenseless in the face of many bacteria that enter with the inhaled air or from the patient's oral cavity. Bacteria easily settle on the damaged mucous membrane and begin to develop on it, intensifying inflammation and contributing to even more pronounced damage to the respiratory tract.
The phase of the reverse development of the pathological process. This phase begins after the complete removal of the virus from the body and is characterized by the restoration of affected tissues. It should be noted that in an adult, the complete recovery of the epithelium of the mucous membrane after the flu occurs no earlier than after 1 month. In children, this process proceeds faster, which is associated with more intense cell division in the child's body.

Types and forms of influenza

As mentioned earlier, there are several types of influenza virus, each of which is characterized by certain epidemiological and pathogenic properties.

Flu type A

This form of the disease is caused by the influenza A virus and its variations. It is much more common than other forms and causes the development of most influenza epidemics on Earth.

Type A influenza includes:

Seasonal flu. The development of this form of influenza is due to various subspecies of the influenza A virus, which constantly circulate among the population and are activated during the cold seasons, which causes the development of epidemics. In people who have been ill, immunity against seasonal influenza persists for several years, however, due to the high variability of the antigenic structure of the virus, people can get seasonal influenza every year, becoming infected with various viral strains ( subspecies).
Swine flu. Swine flu is commonly referred to as a disease that affects humans and animals and is caused by subtypes of the A virus, as well as some strains of the C virus. An outbreak of "swine flu" registered in 2009 was caused by the A / H1N1 virus. It is assumed that the emergence of this strain occurred as a result of infection of pigs with common ( seasonal) influenza virus from humans, after which the virus mutated and led to the development of an epidemic. It should be noted that the A/H1N1 virus can be transmitted to humans not only from sick animals ( when working in close contact with them or when eating poorly processed meat), but also from sick people.
Bird flu. Avian influenza is a viral disease that mainly affects poultry and is caused by varieties of the influenza A virus, which is similar to the human influenza virus. In birds infected with this virus, many internal organs are affected, which leads to their death. Human infection with the avian influenza virus was first reported in 1997. Since then, there have been several more outbreaks of this form of the disease, in which 30 to 50% of infected people died. Human-to-human transmission of the avian influenza virus is currently considered impossible ( you can only get infected from sick birds). However, scientists believe that as a result of the high variability of the virus, as well as the interaction of avian and seasonal human influenza viruses, a new strain may form, which will be transmitted from person to person and may cause another pandemic.

It is worth noting that influenza A epidemics are characterized by an “explosive” nature, that is, in the first 30–40 days after their onset, more than 50% of the population is ill with influenza, and then the incidence progressively decreases. The clinical manifestations of the disease are similar and depend little on the specific subspecies of the virus.

Influenza type B and C

Influenza B and C viruses can also affect humans, but the clinical manifestations of a viral infection are mild to moderate. It mainly affects children, the elderly, or immunosuppressed patients.

Type B virus is also able to change its antigenic composition when exposed to various environmental factors. However, it is more “stable” than the type A virus, therefore it rarely causes epidemics, and no more than 25% of the country's population falls ill. Type C virus causes only sporadic ( single) cases of disease.

Flu symptoms and signs

The clinical picture of influenza is due to the damaging effect of the virus itself, as well as the development of general intoxication of the body. Flu symptoms can vary widely ( which is determined by the type of virus, the state of the immune system of the body of an infected person, and many other factors), but in general, the clinical manifestations of the disease are similar.

The flu can manifest itself:

general weakness;
aching muscles;
an increase in body temperature;
nasal congestion;
nasal discharge;
nosebleeds;
sneezing
cough;
eye damage.

General weakness with flu

In classical cases, the symptoms of general intoxication are the first manifestations of influenza, which appear immediately after the expiration of the incubation period, when the number of viral particles formed reaches a certain level. The onset of the disease is usually acute signs of general intoxication develop within 1 to 3 hours), and the first manifestation is a feeling of general weakness, "brokenness", a decrease in endurance during physical exertion. This is due to both the penetration of a large number of viral particles into the blood, and the destruction of a large number of cells and the entry of their decay products into the systemic circulation. All this leads to damage to the cardiovascular system, impaired vascular tone and blood circulation in many organs.

Headache and dizziness with the flu

The reason for the development of a headache with influenza is damage to the blood vessels of the meninges of the brain, as well as a violation of microcirculation in them. All this leads to excessive expansion of blood vessels and their overflow with blood, which, in turn, contributes to irritation of pain receptors ( in which the meninges are rich) and pain.

Headache can be localized in the frontal, temporal or occipital region, in the region of the superciliary arches or eyes. As the disease progresses, its intensity gradually increases from mild or moderate to extremely pronounced ( often intolerable). Pain is aggravated by any movements or turns of the head, loud sounds or bright lights.

Also, from the first days of the disease, the patient may experience periodic dizziness, especially when moving from a lying position to a standing position. The mechanism of development of this symptom is a violation of blood microcirculation at the level of the brain, as a result of which, at a certain point, its nerve cells may begin to experience oxygen starvation ( due to lack of oxygen in the blood). This will lead to a temporary disruption of their functions, one of the manifestations of which may be dizziness, often accompanied by blackouts in the eyes or tinnitus. Unless there are any serious complications ( for example, when dizzy, a person can fall and hit his head, causing a brain injury), after a few seconds, the blood supply to the brain tissue normalizes and dizziness disappears.

Aches and pains in the muscles with the flu

Aches, stiffness and aching pain in the muscles can be felt from the first hours of the disease, intensifying as it progresses. The cause of these symptoms is also a violation of microcirculation due to the action of hemagglutinin ( a viral component that "glues" red blood cells and thereby disrupts their circulation through the vessels).

Under normal conditions, muscles constantly need energy ( as glucose, oxygen and other nutrients) that they get from their blood. At the same time, by-products of their vital activity are constantly formed in muscle cells, which are normally released into the blood. If microcirculation is disturbed, both of these processes are disturbed, as a result of which the patient feels muscle weakness ( due to lack of energy), as well as a feeling of pain or aches in the muscles, which is associated with a lack of oxygen and the accumulation of metabolic by-products in the tissues.

An increase in body temperature with the flu

An increase in temperature is one of the earliest and most characteristic signs of the flu. The temperature rises from the first hours of the disease and can vary significantly - from subfebrile condition ( 37 - 37.5 degrees) up to 40 degrees or more. The reason for the increase in temperature during influenza is the entry into the bloodstream of a large amount of pyrogens - substances that affect the center of temperature regulation in the central nervous system. This leads to the activation of heat-producing processes in the liver and other tissues, as well as to a decrease in body heat loss.

Sources of pyrogens in influenza are cells of the immune system ( leukocytes). When a foreign virus enters the body, they rush to it and begin to actively fight it, while releasing many toxic substances into the surrounding tissues ( interferon, interleukins, cytokines). These substances fight a foreign agent, and also affect the thermoregulation center, which is the direct cause of the temperature rise.

The temperature reaction in influenza develops acutely, due to the rapid entry of a large number of viral particles into the bloodstream and the activation of the immune system. The temperature reaches its maximum figures by the end of the first day after the onset of the disease, and starting from 2-3 days it can decrease, which indicates a decrease in the concentration of viral particles and other toxic substances in the blood. Quite often, a decrease in temperature can occur in waves, that is, 2 to 3 days after the onset of the disease ( usually in the morning), it decreases, but in the evening it rises again, normalizing in another 1-2 days.

A repeated increase in body temperature 6–7 days after the onset of the disease is an unfavorable prognostic sign, usually indicating the addition of a bacterial infection.

Chills with influenza

chills ( cold feeling) and muscle tremors are natural protective reactions of the body aimed at conserving heat and reducing its loss. Normally, these reactions are activated when the ambient temperature drops, for example, during a long stay in the cold. In this case, temperature receptors ( special nerve endings located in the skin throughout the body) send signals to the thermoregulation center that it is too cold outside. As a result, a whole complex of protective reactions is launched. First, there is a narrowing of the blood vessels of the skin. As a result, heat loss is reduced, but the skin itself also becomes cold ( due to a decrease in the flow of warm blood to them). The second defense mechanism is muscle trembling, that is, frequent and rapid contractions of muscle fibers. The process of muscle contraction and relaxation is accompanied by the formation and release of heat, which contributes to an increase in body temperature.

The mechanism of development of chills in influenza is associated with a violation of the work of the thermoregulation center. Under the influence of pyrogens, the point of "optimal" body temperature shifts upward. As a result, the nerve cells responsible for thermoregulation “decide” that the body is too cold and trigger the mechanisms described above to increase the temperature.

Decreased appetite with influenza

A decrease in appetite occurs as a result of damage to the central nervous system, namely, as a result of inhibition of the activity of the food center located in the brain. Under normal conditions, it is the neurons ( nerve cells) of this center are responsible for the feeling of hunger, the search for and production of food. However, in stressful situations for example, when foreign viruses enter the body) all the forces of the body are rushed to fight the threat that has arisen, while other functions that are less necessary at the moment are temporarily suppressed.

At the same time, it is worth noting that a decrease in appetite does not reduce the body's need for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and useful trace elements. In contrast, with the flu, the body needs more nutrients and energy sources to adequately fight off the infection. That is why throughout the entire period of illness and recovery, the patient must eat regularly and fully.

Nausea and vomiting with the flu

The appearance of nausea and vomiting is a characteristic sign of intoxication of the body with influenza, although the gastrointestinal tract itself is usually not affected. The mechanism of occurrence of these symptoms is due to the entry into the bloodstream of a large amount of toxic substances and decay products resulting from cell destruction. These substances with the blood flow reach the brain, where the trigger ( launcher) zone of the vomiting center. When the neurons of this zone are irritated, a feeling of nausea appears, accompanied by certain manifestations ( increased salivation and sweating, pale skin).

Nausea may persist for some time ( minutes or hours), however, with a further increase in the concentration of toxins in the blood, vomiting occurs. During the gag reflex, the muscles of the stomach, anterior abdominal wall, and diaphragm contract ( respiratory muscle located on the border between the thoracic and abdominal cavities), as a result of which the contents of the stomach are pushed into the esophagus, and then into the oral cavity.

Vomiting with influenza can occur 1-2 times during the entire acute period of the disease. It is worth noting that due to a decrease in appetite, the patient's stomach is often empty at the time of the onset of vomiting ( it may contain only a few milliliters of gastric juice). With an empty stomach, vomiting is more difficult to tolerate, since muscle contractions during the gag reflex are longer and more painful for the patient. That's why, with a premonition of vomiting ( i.e. severe nausea), and after it it is recommended to drink 1 - 2 glasses of warm boiled water.

It is also important to note that vomiting with influenza can occur without previous nausea, against the background of a pronounced cough. The mechanism of development of the gag reflex in this case is that during an intense cough, there is a pronounced contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall and an increase in pressure in the abdominal cavity and in the stomach itself, as a result of which food can be “pushed out” into the esophagus and vomiting develops. Also, vomiting can be provoked by clots of mucus or sputum that fall on the mucous membrane of the pharynx during coughing, which also leads to the activation of the vomiting center.

Nasal congestion with influenza

Signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract may occur simultaneously with symptoms of intoxication or several hours after them. The development of these signs is associated with the multiplication of the virus in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and with the destruction of these cells, which leads to dysfunction of the mucous membrane.

Nasal congestion can occur if the virus enters the human body through the nasal passages along with inhaled air. In this case, the virus invades the epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa and actively multiplies in them, causing their death. Activation of local and systemic immune responses is manifested by migration of cells of the immune system to the site of introduction of the virus ( leukocytes), which, in the process of fighting the virus, release many biologically active substances into the surrounding tissues. This, in turn, leads to the expansion of the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa and their overflow with blood, as well as to an increase in the permeability of the vascular wall and the release of the liquid part of the blood into the surrounding tissues. As a result of the described phenomena, swelling and swelling of the nasal mucosa occurs, which covers most of the nasal passages, making it difficult for air to move through them during inhalation and exhalation.

Nasal discharge with influenza

In the nasal mucosa there are special cells that produce mucus. Under normal conditions, this mucus is produced in a small amount necessary to moisten the mucous membrane and purify the inhaled air ( dust microparticles linger in the nose and settle on the mucosa). When the nasal mucosa is affected by the influenza virus, the activity of mucus-producing cells increases significantly, as a result of which patients may complain of profuse nasal discharge of a mucous nature ( transparent, colorless, odorless). As the disease progresses, the protective function of the nasal mucosa is impaired, which contributes to the addition of a bacterial infection. As a result, pus begins to appear in the nasal passages, and the discharge becomes purulent in nature ( yellow or greenish in color, sometimes with an unpleasant odor).

Bleeding from the nose with the flu

Nosebleeds are not a flu-only symptom. However, this phenomenon can be observed with a pronounced destruction of the mucosal epithelium and damage to its blood vessels, which can be facilitated by mechanical trauma ( e.g. picking one's nose). The amount of blood released during this can vary significantly ( from barely noticeable streaks to profuse bleeding lasting for several minutes), but usually this phenomenon does not pose a threat to the health of the patient and disappears a few days after the acute period of the disease subsides.

Sneezing with the flu

Sneezing is a protective reflex designed to remove various “extra” substances from the nasal passages. With influenza, a large amount of mucus accumulates in the nasal passages, as well as many fragments of dead and rejected epithelial cells of the mucous membrane. These substances irritate certain receptors in the nose or nasopharynx, which triggers the sneeze reflex. A person has a characteristic sensation of tickling in the nose, after which he takes full lungs of air and exhales it sharply through the nose, while closing his eyes ( you can't sneeze with your eyes open).

The air flow formed during sneezing moves at a speed of several tens of meters per second, capturing dust microparticles, torn cells and virus particles on the surface of the mucous membrane on its way and removing them from the nose. The negative point in this case is the fact that the air exhaled during sneezing contributes to the spread of microparticles containing the influenza virus at a distance of up to 2-5 meters from the sneezer, as a result of which all people in the affected area can become infected with the virus.

Sore throat with flu

The occurrence of a sore or sore throat is also associated with the damaging effect of the influenza virus. When it enters the upper respiratory tract, it destroys the upper sections of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, larynx and / or trachea. As a result, a thin layer of mucus is removed from the surface of the mucosa, which normally protected tissues from damage ( including inhaled air). Also, with the development of the virus, there is a violation of microcirculation, dilation of blood vessels and swelling of the mucous membrane. All this leads to the fact that she becomes extremely sensitive to various stimuli.

In the first days of the disease, patients may complain of a feeling of soreness or soreness in the throat. This is due to the necrosis of epithelial cells, which are rejected and irritate sensitive nerve endings. In the future, the protective properties of the mucous membrane are reduced, as a result of which patients begin to experience pain during a conversation, when swallowing hard, cold or hot food, with a sharp and deep breath or exhalation.

Cough with flu

Cough is also a protective reflex aimed at clearing the upper respiratory tract from various foreign objects ( mucus, dust, foreign bodies and so on). The nature of the cough with influenza depends on the period of the disease, as well as on the developing complications.

In the first days after the onset of flu symptoms, a dry cough ( without sputum) and painful, accompanied by severe pains of a stabbing or burning nature in the chest and throat. The mechanism of development of cough in this case is due to the destruction of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Desquamated epithelial cells irritate specific cough receptors, which triggers the cough reflex. After 3-4 days, the cough becomes wet, that is, it is accompanied by sputum of a mucous nature ( colorless, odorless). Purulent sputum that appears 5-7 days after the onset of the disease ( greenish color with an unpleasant odor) indicates the development of bacterial complications.

It is worth noting that when coughing, as well as sneezing, a large number of viral particles are released into the environment, which can cause infection of the people around the patient.

Influenza eye injury

The development of this symptom is due to the ingress of viral particles on the mucous membrane of the eyes. This leads to damage to the blood vessels of the conjunctiva of the eye, which is manifested by their pronounced expansion and increased permeability of the vascular wall. The eyes of such patients are red ( due to the pronounced vascular network), the eyelids are edematous, lacrimation and photophobia are often noted ( pain and burning in the eyes that occur in ordinary daylight).

Symptoms of conjunctivitis ( inflammation of the conjunctiva) are usually short-lived and subside along with the removal of the virus from the body, however, with the addition of a bacterial infection, purulent complications may develop.

Flu symptoms in newborns and children

Children get the flu virus as often as adults. At the same time, the clinical manifestations of this pathology in children have a number of features.

The course of influenza in children is characterized by:

Tendency to damage the lungs. The defeat of the lung tissue by the influenza virus in adults is extremely rare. At the same time, in children, due to certain anatomical features ( short trachea, short bronchi) the virus spreads quite quickly through the respiratory tract and infects the pulmonary alveoli, through which oxygen is normally transported into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood. The destruction of the alveoli can cause the development of respiratory failure and pulmonary edema, which, without urgent medical attention, can lead to the death of the baby.
Tendency to nausea and vomiting. In children and adolescents ( aged 10 to 16 years) nausea and vomiting in influenza are most common. It is assumed that this is due to the imperfection of the regulatory mechanisms of the central nervous system, in particular, the increased sensitivity of the vomiting center to various stimuli ( to intoxication, to pain syndrome, to irritation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx).
Tendency to develop seizures. Newborns and infants are most at risk for seizures ( involuntary, pronounced and extremely painful muscle contractions) for influenza. The mechanism of their development is associated with an increase in body temperature, as well as with a violation of microcirculation and the delivery of oxygen and energy to the brain, which ultimately leads to impaired function of nerve cells. Due to certain physiological characteristics in children, these phenomena develop much faster and are more severe than in adults.
Mild local manifestations. The immune system of the child has not yet been formed, which is why it is not able to adequately respond to the introduction of foreign agents. As a result, among the symptoms of influenza, pronounced manifestations of intoxication of the body come to the fore, while local symptoms can be erased and mild ( there may be a slight cough, nasal congestion, the periodic appearance of mucous secretions from the nasal passages).

Influenza Severity

The severity of the disease is determined depending on the nature and duration of its clinical manifestations. The more pronounced the intoxication syndrome, the more difficult the flu is tolerated.

Depending on the severity, there are:

Mild flu. With this form of the disease, the symptoms of general intoxication are slightly expressed. Body temperature rarely reaches 38 degrees and usually returns to normal after 2 to 3 days. There is no threat to the patient's life.
Influenza of moderate severity. The most common variant of the disease, in which there are pronounced symptoms of general intoxication, as well as signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract. Body temperature can rise to 38 - 40 degrees and remain at this level for 2 - 4 days. With the timely start of treatment and the absence of complications, there is no threat to the life of the patient.
A severe form of the flu. It is characterized by fast during few hours) the development of intoxication syndrome, accompanied by an increase in body temperature to 39 - 40 degrees or more. Patients are lethargic, drowsy, often complain of severe headaches and dizziness, may lose consciousness. Fever may persist for up to a week, and complications from the lungs, heart, and other organs that develop can pose a threat to the patient's life.
Hypertoxic ( lightning fast) form. It is characterized by the most acute onset of the disease and rapid damage to the central nervous system, heart and lungs, which in most cases leads to the death of the patient within 24-48 hours.

gastric ( intestinal) flu

This pathology is not influenza and has nothing to do with influenza viruses. The very name "stomach flu" is not a medical diagnosis, but a popular "nickname" for rotavirus infection ( gastroenteritis) is a viral disease that is provoked by rotaviruses ( rotavirus from the reoviridae family). These viruses enter the human digestive system along with swallowed contaminated food and infect the cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, causing their destruction and the development of the inflammatory process.

The source of infection may be a sick person or a latent carrier ( a person who has a pathogenic virus in his body, but there are no clinical manifestations of the infection). The main mechanism for the spread of infection is fecal-oral, that is, the virus is excreted from the patient's body along with feces, and if personal hygiene rules are not followed, it can get on various food products. If a healthy person eats these products without special heat treatment, he runs the risk of contracting the virus. Less common is the airborne route of spread, in which a sick person releases microparticles of the virus along with exhaled air.

All people are susceptible to rotavirus infection, but children and the elderly, as well as patients with immunodeficiency conditions, most often get sick ( for example, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)). The peak incidence occurs in the autumn-winter period, that is, at the same time when influenza epidemics are observed. Perhaps this was the reason for the people to call this pathology the stomach flu.

The mechanism of development of intestinal flu is as follows. Rotavirus penetrates the human digestive system and infects the cells of the intestinal mucosa, which normally ensure the absorption of food from the intestinal cavity into the blood.

Symptoms of the intestinal flu

Symptoms of rotavirus infection are caused by damage to the intestinal mucosa, as well as the penetration of viral particles and other toxic substances into the systemic circulation.

Rotavirus infection manifests itself:

Vomit. This is the first symptom of the disease, which is observed in almost all patients. The occurrence of vomiting is due to a violation of the absorption of food products and the accumulation of large volumes of food in the stomach or intestines. Vomiting with intestinal flu is usually single, but it can be repeated 1 to 2 more times during the first day of the disease, and then stops.
diarrhea ( diarrhea). The occurrence of diarrhea is also associated with impaired absorption of food and the migration of a large amount of water into the intestinal lumen. The fecal masses released at the same time are usually liquid, foamy, they have a characteristic fetid odor.
Pain in the abdomen. The occurrence of pain is associated with damage to the intestinal mucosa. The pains are localized in the upper abdomen or in the navel, are aching or pulling in nature.
Rumbling in the stomach. It is one of the characteristic signs of intestinal inflammation. The occurrence of this symptom is due to increased peristalsis ( motility) intestines, which is stimulated by a large amount of unprocessed food.
Symptoms of general intoxication. Patients usually complain of general weakness and fatigue, which is associated with a violation of the supply of nutrients to the body, as well as with the development of an acute infectious and inflammatory process. Body temperature rarely exceeds 37.5 - 38 degrees.
Damage to the upper respiratory tract. May present with rhinitis inflammation of the nasal mucosa) or pharyngitis ( inflammation of the pharynx).

Treatment of the intestinal flu

This disease is quite mild, and treatment is usually aimed at eliminating the symptoms of infection and preventing the development of complications.

Treatment for stomach flu includes:

Recovery of water and electrolyte losses ( which are lost along with vomit and diarrhea). Patients are prescribed plenty of fluids, as well as special preparations containing the necessary electrolytes ( for example, rehydron).
A sparing diet with the exception of fatty, spicy or poorly processed foods.
Sorbents ( activated charcoal, polysorb, filtrum) - drugs that bind various toxic substances in the intestinal lumen and contribute to their removal from the body.
Preparations that restore the intestinal microflora ( linex, bifidumbacterin, hilak forte and others).
Anti-inflammatory drugs ( indomethacin, ibuphen) are prescribed only with a pronounced intoxication syndrome and an increase in body temperature of more than 38 degrees.

Influenza Diagnosis

In most cases, influenza is diagnosed based on symptoms. It is worth noting that to distinguish the flu from other SARS ( ) is extremely difficult, therefore, when making a diagnosis, the doctor is also guided by data on the epidemiological situation in the world, country or region. The outbreak of the influenza epidemic in the country creates a high probability that every patient with characteristic clinical manifestations may have this particular infection.

Additional studies are prescribed only in severe cases, as well as to identify possible complications from various organs and systems.

Which doctor should I contact with the flu?

At the first sign of influenza, you should consult your family doctor as soon as possible. A visit to the doctor is not recommended to be postponed, since the flu progresses quite quickly, and with the development of serious complications from the vital organs, it is not always possible to save the patient.

If the patient's condition is very severe ( that is, if the symptoms of general intoxication do not allow him to get out of bed), you can call a doctor at home. If the general condition allows you to visit the clinic yourself, you should not forget that the influenza virus is extremely contagious and can easily be transmitted to other people when traveling by public transport, while waiting in line at the doctor's office and under other circumstances. To prevent this, a person with flu symptoms should always put on a medical mask before leaving the house and do not remove it until returning home. This preventive measure does not guarantee 100% safety for others, however, it significantly reduces the risk of their infection, since the viral particles exhaled by a sick person linger on the mask and do not enter the environment.

It is worth noting that one mask can be used continuously for a maximum of 2 hours, after which it must be replaced with a new one. It is strictly forbidden to reuse a mask or take an already used mask from other people ( including from children, parents, spouses).

Is hospitalization necessary for the flu?

In classic and uncomplicated cases, influenza is treated on an outpatient basis ( at home). At the same time, the family doctor must explain in detail and clearly to the patient the essence of the disease and give detailed instructions on the treatment being carried out, as well as warn about the risks of infection of the surrounding people and about possible complications that may develop in case of violation of the treatment regimen.

Hospitalization of patients with influenza may be required only if the patient's condition is extremely serious ( for example, with an extremely pronounced intoxication syndrome), as well as with the development of serious complications from various organs and systems. Children who develop convulsions against the background of elevated temperature are also subject to mandatory hospitalization. In this case, the probability of recurrence ( re-occurrence) convulsive syndrome is extremely high, so the child should be under the supervision of doctors for at least a few days.

If the patient is hospitalized during the acute period of the disease, he is sent to the infectious diseases department, where he is placed in a specially equipped ward or in a box ( insulator). Visiting such a patient is prohibited during the entire acute period of the disease, that is, until the release of viral particles from his respiratory tract stops. If the acute period of the disease has passed, and the patient is hospitalized due to developing complications from various organs, he can be sent to other departments - to the cardiology department for heart damage, to the pulmonology department for lung damage, to the intensive care unit for severely impaired vital functions. important organs and systems, and so on.

In diagnosing influenza, a doctor may use:

clinical examination;
general blood analysis ;
general urine analysis ;
nasal swab analysis;
sputum analysis;
analysis for the detection of antibodies to the influenza virus.

clinical examination for influenza

Clinical examination is carried out by the family doctor at the first visit of the patient. It allows you to assess the general condition of the patient and the degree of damage to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, as well as to identify some possible complications.

Clinical examination includes:

Inspection. During the examination, the doctor visually assesses the patient's condition. In the first days of the development of influenza, marked hyperemia is noted ( redness) mucous membranes of the pharynx, due to the expansion of blood vessels in it. After a few days, small pinpoint hemorrhages may appear on the mucosa. There may also be redness of the eyes and tearing. In severe cases of the disease, pallor and cyanosis of the skin can be observed, which is associated with damage to the microcirculation and a violation of the transport of respiratory gases.
Palpation ( probing). On palpation, the doctor can assess the condition of the lymph nodes of the neck and other areas. With influenza, enlargement of the lymph nodes usually does not occur. At the same time, this symptom is characteristic of an adenovirus infection that causes ARVI and proceeds with a generalized increase in the submandibular, cervical, axillary and other groups of lymph nodes.
percussion ( tapping). With the help of percussion, the doctor can examine the patient's lungs and identify various complications of influenza ( e.g. pneumonia). During percussion, the doctor presses the finger of one hand to the surface of the chest, and taps it with the finger of the other hand. By the nature of the resulting sound, the doctor draws conclusions about the condition of the lungs. So, for example, healthy lung tissue is filled with air, as a result of which the resulting percussion sound will have a characteristic sound. As pneumonia develops, the lung alveoli become filled with white blood cells, bacteria, and inflammatory fluid ( exudate), as a result of which the amount of air in the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe lung tissue decreases, and the resulting percussion sound will have a dull, muffled character.
auscultation ( listening). During auscultation, the doctor applies the membrane of a special device ( phonendoscope) to the surface of the patient's chest and asks him to take a few deep breaths and exhalations. By the nature of the noise generated during breathing, the doctor draws conclusions about the state of the pulmonary tree. So, for example, with inflammation of the bronchi ( bronchitis) their lumen narrows, as a result of which the air passing through them moves at high speed, creating a characteristic noise, which is assessed by the doctor as hard breathing. At the same time, with some other complications, breathing over certain areas of the lung may be weakened or completely absent.

Complete blood count for influenza

A complete blood count does not directly identify the influenza virus or confirm the diagnosis. At the same time, with the development of a symptom of general intoxication of the body, certain changes are observed in the blood, the study of which allows us to assess the severity of the patient's condition, identify possible developing complications and plan treatment tactics.

General analysis for influenza reveals:

Change in the total number of leukocytes ( norm - 4.0 - 9.0 x 10 9 / l). Leukocytes are cells of the immune system that protect the body from foreign viruses, bacteria and other substances. When infected with the influenza virus, the immune system is activated, which is manifested by increased division ( breeding) leukocytes and the entry of a large number of them into the systemic circulation. However, a few days after the onset of the clinical manifestations of the disease, most leukocytes migrate to the focus of inflammation to fight the virus, as a result of which their total number in the blood may slightly decrease.
Increase in the number of monocytes. Under normal conditions, monocytes account for 3 to 9% of all leukocytes. When the influenza virus enters the body, these cells migrate to the focus of infection, penetrate into infected tissues and turn into macrophages that directly fight the virus. That's why with the flu and other viral infections) the rate of formation of monocytes and their concentration in the blood increases.
An increase in the number of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that regulate the activity of all other cells of the immune system, and also take part in the processes of fighting foreign viruses. Under normal conditions, lymphocytes account for 20 to 40% of all leukocytes, but with the development of a viral infection, their number may increase.
Decrease in the number of neutrophils ( norm - 47 - 72%). Neutrophils are cells of the immune system that fight off foreign bacteria. When the influenza virus enters the body, the absolute number of neutrophils does not change, however, due to an increase in the proportion of lymphocytes and monocytes, their relative number may decrease. It should be noted that with the addition of bacterial complications in the blood, a pronounced neutrophilic leukocytosis will be noted ( an increase in the number of leukocytes mainly due to neutrophils).
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR). Under normal conditions, all blood cells carry a negative charge on their surface, as a result of which they slightly repel each other. When blood is placed in a test tube, it is the severity of this negative charge that determines the rate at which erythrocytes will settle to the bottom of the test tube. With the development of an infectious-inflammatory process, a large number of so-called proteins of the acute phase of inflammation are released into the bloodstream ( C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and others). These substances contribute to the adhesion of red blood cells to each other, as a result of which the ESR increases ( more than 10 mm per hour in men and more than 15 mm per hour in women). It is also worth noting that ESR may increase as a result of a decrease in the total number of red blood cells in the blood, which can be observed with the development of anemia.

Urinalysis for influenza

With an uncomplicated course of influenza, the data of a general urinalysis do not change, since kidney function is not impaired. At the peak of the temperature increase, there may be a slight oliguria ( decrease in the amount of urine produced), which is more due to increased fluid loss through sweating than damage to the kidney tissue. Also in this period, the appearance of protein in the urine ( Normally, it is practically non-existent.) and an increase in the number of red blood cells ( red blood cells) more than 3 - 5 in the field of view. These phenomena are temporary and disappear after the normalization of body temperature and subsidence of acute inflammatory processes.

Nose swab for influenza

One of the reliable diagnostic methods is the detection of viral particles in various secretions. For this purpose, material is taken, which is then sent for research. In the classical form of influenza, the virus is found in large quantities in the nasal mucus, making a nasal swab one of the most effective ways to obtain a viral culture. The material sampling procedure itself is safe and painless - the doctor takes a sterile cotton swab and runs it several times over the surface of the nasal mucosa, after which he packs it in a sealed container and sends it to the laboratory.

With conventional microscopic examination, the virus cannot be detected, since its dimensions are extremely small. Also, viruses do not grow on conventional nutrient media, which are intended only for the detection of bacterial pathogens. For the purpose of cultivation of viruses the method of their cultivation on chicken embryos is used. The technique of this method is as follows. First, a fertilized chicken egg is placed in an incubator for 8 to 14 days. Then it is removed and the test material is injected into it, which may contain viral particles. After that, the egg is again placed in the incubator for 9-10 days. If there is an influenza virus in the test material, it invades the cells of the embryo and destroys them, as a result of which the embryo itself dies.

Flu sputum analysis

Sputum production in patients with influenza occurs 2 to 4 days after the onset of the disease. Sputum, like nasal mucus, can contain a large number of viral particles, which allows it to be used for cultivation ( cultivation) virus on a chick embryo. Also, sputum may contain impurities of other cells or substances, which will allow timely detection of developing complications. For example, the appearance of pus in the sputum may indicate the development of bacterial pneumonia ( pneumonia). Also, bacteria that are the direct causative agents of infection can be isolated from sputum, which will allow timely prescribing the correct treatment and preventing the progression of the pathology.

Influenza antibody test

When a foreign virus enters the body, the immune system begins to fight it, resulting in the formation of specific antiviral antibodies that circulate in the patient's blood for a certain time. It is on the detection of these antibodies that the serological diagnosis of influenza is based.

There are many methods for detecting antiviral antibodies, but the hemagglutination inhibition test ( RTGA). Its essence is as follows. Plasma is placed in a test tube liquid part of blood) of a patient to which a mixture containing active influenza viruses is added. After 30-40 minutes, chicken erythrocytes are added to the same test tube and further reactions are observed.

Under normal conditions, the influenza virus contains a substance called hemagglutinin, which binds red blood cells. If chicken erythrocytes are added to the mixture containing the virus, under the action of hemagglutinin, they will stick together, which will be visible to the naked eye. If, on the other hand, plasma containing antiviral antibodies is first added to the virus-containing mixture, they ( antibody data) will block hemagglutinin, as a result of which agglutination will not occur with the subsequent addition of chicken erythrocytes.

Differential diagnosis of influenza

Differential diagnosis should be carried out in order to distinguish from each other several diseases that have similar clinical manifestations.

With influenza, differential diagnosis is carried out:

with adenovirus infection. Adenoviruses also infect the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, causing the development of SARS ( acute respiratory viral infections). The intoxication syndrome that develops in this case is usually moderately expressed, but the body temperature can rise to 39 degrees. Also an important distinguishing feature is an increase in the submandibular, cervical and other groups of lymph nodes, which occurs in all forms of acute respiratory viral infections and is absent in influenza.
With parainfluenza. Parainfluenza is caused by the parainfluenza virus and also occurs with symptoms of damage to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and signs of intoxication. At the same time, the onset of the disease is less acute than with influenza ( symptoms may appear and progress over several days). Intoxication syndrome is also less pronounced, and body temperature rarely exceeds 38-39 degrees. With parainfluenza, an increase in the cervical lymph nodes can also be observed, while damage to the eyes ( conjunctivitis) does not occur.
With respiratory syncytial infection. This is a viral disease characterized by damage to the lower respiratory tract ( bronchi) and moderate symptoms of intoxication. Mostly children of primary school age get sick, while in adults the disease is extremely rare. The disease proceeds with a moderate increase in body temperature ( up to 37 - 38 degrees). Headaches and muscle pain are rare, and eye damage is not observed at all.
with rhinovirus infection. This is a viral disease characterized by damage to the nasal mucosa. It is manifested by nasal congestion, which is accompanied by copious secretions of a mucous nature. Sneezing and dry cough are often noted. Signs of general intoxication are very mild and may manifest as a slight increase in body temperature ( up to 37 - 37.5 degrees), mild headaches, poor exercise tolerance.

Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

There are 2 main forms of cerebral lesion in influenza- encephalic reactions and toxic-hemorrhagic encephalitis.

Encephalic reactions characterized by the presence of mainly cerebral disorders. At the height of influenza infection, vomiting, headache, convulsions, blackout or loss of consciousness occur. Convulsions are more often generalized, clonic or clonic-tonic in nature.

Perhaps the appearance of meningeal symptoms in the form of hyperesthesia of the skin, bulging of a large fontanelle, slight stiffness of the muscles of the neck. These symptoms do not last long, the general condition improves, consciousness clears up. Lethargy or agitation may persist for a longer time. In some cases, cerebral and meningeal symptoms are more pronounced: the duration of loss of consciousness can be up to 1-172 days, it is deeper, convulsions are repeated, meningeal symptoms are more distinct.

Such a course may be accompanied by respiratory distress and cardiovascular disorders, severe muscle hypotension, increased or suppressed tendon reflexes, decreased pupillary response to light, corneal and conjunctival reflexes. Some patients have hyperemia and swelling of the nipples of the optic nerves. After clarification of consciousness, lethargy or agitation persists for a long time.

CSF pressure increased. Its composition is normal or there is a slight lymphocytic pleocytosis - up to 30-40 cells in 1 mm 3.

Toxic hemorrhagic encephalitis characterized by acute, sometimes rapid apoplektiform development on the 2-7th day from the onset of influenza. In this case, there is a high rise in temperature, chills, convulsions, loss of consciousness. There may be psychomotor agitation, delirium.

depending from the localization of focal symptoms in children early age, the following forms of toxic-hemorrhagic influenza encephalitis are distinguished: cortical, in the symptoms of which pronounced psychomotor agitation predominates; cortical-subcortical with mono- and hemiparesis, hyperkinesis; stem with hemi- or tetraparesis, severe oculomotor disorders, ataxia. Neurological disorders may persist for a different time depending on the depth of the lesion and the severity of the disease.

It is most difficult for children of the first years stem form flows, in which there is a disorder of breathing, thermoregulation and cardiac activity. Prognostically unfavorable is a prolonged shutdown of consciousness.
After encephalitis persistent consequences are possible: oculomotor disorders, various motor disorders, psychomotor retardation, convulsions.

Prevention and treatment of influenza complications

During outbreaks flu epidemics in order to increase the body's resistance, ascorbic acid is prescribed at a dose of 0.3-1 g, depending on age. There are preliminary data on the effectiveness of the use of interferon in groups where there have been cases of influenza, but preventive measures to reduce the spread of airborne infection are of primary importance.

If there are symptoms nervous system damage dehydrating drugs, lytic mixtures, anticonvulsant therapy are indicated. Measures are being taken to normalize breathing and blood circulation. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat and prevent secondary infections.

Fainting is a mild degree of acute vascular insufficiency, which is manifested by a sudden decrease in blood supply to the brain and loss of consciousness.

Such conditions occur regularly and can pass without a trace, but sometimes they indicate serious illnesses of internal organs, intoxication, mental disorders, etc. Consider further the main types of fainting and the situations that provoke them.

There are several groups of reasons why a person may lose consciousness:

There are the following common variants of loss of consciousness:

First . Vasovagal syncope (syn. vasodepressor syncope) develops due to a perverted reaction of the body to stimuli of the receptors of the autonomic nervous system - the department that is responsible for the functioning of internal organs.

The main factors contributing to this condition can be:

Emotional shock (fear of the sight of blood, etc.).
Pain during testing.
Prolonged compression of the organs of the neck.
Sudden cessation of exercise, etc.

Vasovagal syncope is characterized by pathological rapid vasodilation, a decrease in heart rate and respiratory depression.

Usually consciousness returns within a few minutes without additional outside help.

In some cases, vasovagal syncope can be caused by mental disorders, the treatment of which eliminates similar situations in the future.

Patient L. of an asthenic constitution, 26 years old, complained of a short-term loss of consciousness during a blood test.

According to a relative who was nearby at that moment, the condition was short-lived and was accompanied by blanching of the face, focusing of the gaze at one point and wide open eyes.

She turned to a neurologist and was sent for additional examinations: ECG, CBC, brain encephalography, etc. No somatic pathology was found.

Normalize sleep and rest patterns
Complete nutrition
The course of taking sedatives
Psychologist's consultation

Second . Fainting in people with vegetovascular dystonia is due to a labile vasomotor system and an unstable psyche.

Patients with vegetovascular dystonia do not tolerate climate change, weather, heavy physical exertion or emotional upheaval.

One of the manifestations of vegetovascular dystonia is a fainting state.

With excitement, stress, blood donation, prolonged stay in a poorly ventilated room, the patient may faint, but after a few minutes regain consciousness, escaping with minor bruises.

There are other situations that occur with loss of consciousness, which are caused by such pathological conditions as:

In addition to the main mechanisms that cause loss and clouding of consciousness, there are a number of factors that contribute to their development:

There are many reasons and conditions that can cause a person to faint, most of them do not require serious treatment and are just a coincidence.

Others, on the contrary, speak of serious malfunctions in the body. Therefore, each such incident should be a reason to visit the doctor.

Do you still think that it is impossible to get rid of frequent fainting!?

Have you ever experienced a pre-fainting state or a fainting spell, which simply “knocks you out of the rut” and the usual rhythm of life!? Judging by the fact that you are now reading this article, then you know firsthand what it is:

an impending attack of nausea rising and rising from the stomach...
blurred vision, ringing in the ears...
sudden feeling of weakness and fatigue, legs give way ...
panic fear...
cold sweat, loss of consciousness...

Now answer the question: does it suit you? Can ALL THIS be tolerated? And how much time have you already "leaked" for ineffective treatment? After all, sooner or later the SITUATION WILL AGAIN.

In autumn and winter, not many people manage to slip through a runny nose, cough, fever, sore throat and other ailments associated with outbreaks of viral diseases - influenza or SARS.

The symptoms of the flu and the common cold are somewhat similar. But it only seems. In fact, these are two different diseases, the treatment of which is very different: often a cold can be cured with herbal teas, but with the flu, medicines cannot be dispensed with. Therefore, when self-medicating, you can harm your health, for example, if you immediately grab antibiotics with a slight indisposition, or at a temperature of 39 you think that “it will pass by itself”.

According to doctors, the most correct way out, even with a slight indisposition, is to consult a doctor who will diagnose and prescribe treatment. Going to the doctor is especially important if the child is sick.

Flu or SARS? How to distinguish from each other

It is especially important for those who self-medicate, avoiding a visit to the doctor.

1. Stuffy nose, severe runny nose.

2. Redness and sore throat.

3. Elevated temperature. Attention! With a cold and SARS, the temperature rarely rises above 38 ° C.

4. Cough - dry, hacking, appears immediately.

5. The disease develops gradually. Often accompanied by a headache, there is a feeling like a "cast-iron head".

flu symptoms

1. The flu starts abruptly: within 2-4 hours the temperature rises to 39 ° C and above. Usually lasts 3-4 days.

2. Dizziness, "aches" in the body (bones and joints).

3. Severe headache, in the temples and around the eyes; sweat, chills, fear of light.

5. Cough, runny nose, nasal congestion do not appear immediately, as a rule, for 2-3 days.

Doctor's advice. If you get sick or feel that you are getting sick, don't be selfish - don't infect others. Be sure to consult a doctor and start treatment.

With SARS, the sick person will be safe for others in 5 days. If you have the flu, you will have to stay at home for at least 7 days.

Attention! With ARVI and influenza - you do not need to take antibiotics. They do not work on viruses!

Almonds protect against flu

Recently, British researchers have found a new tool for the prevention of influenza. It's an almond! According to scientists, almond peel has a high antiviral activity and stimulates the immune system. Thus, the components of brown almond peel stimulate white blood cells, which are responsible for detecting and suppressing viral agents that have entered the human body.
According to experts, the constant use of almonds (80-100 g per day) is the best prevention of viral diseases - influenza and SARS.

Learn more about how to treat flu and colds read the articles.