Cicatricial changes in the cervix. Cicatricial deformity of the cervix: causes, consequences, methods of treatment

Cicatricial deformity of the cervix is a disease that is a change in the vaginal and cervical canals. ICD-10 code: N88 "Other non-inflammatory diseases of the cervix."

The cervical canal is located in the lower part of the uterus. Its walls are lined with epithelial cells that produce alkaline mucous secretions. With the development of cicatricial deformity, the mucous membrane of the cervical canal enters the vaginal canal, which has an acidic environment.

As a result of an imbalance, the protective functions of the reproductive system weaken, it begins to malfunction. Mucus secretions change their composition. This contributes to the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

When there is a replacement of normal connective tissue, the processes of regeneration of the endocervix and exocervix are disturbed. Normally, these areas are covered by epithelial tissue, however, in the area of damage to its integrity, connective tissue cells are restored - proliferation occurs. At the initial stage, the connective tissue is quite elastic, but as the post-traumatic scar is formed, the tissue thickens and becomes less extensible, the cells lose their ability to contract.

Causes of the appearance of pathology

Most often, violations of the shape and integrity of the neck occur as a result of:

injuries during childbirth, for example, due to ruptures of the cervix during the passage of the baby's head;
damage that arose due to the incorrect location of the fetus;
violations of the technique of surgical interventions;
improper suturing.

These reasons lead to the fact that the physiologically normal structure of the cervical part of the uterus is violated. Scar tissue forms on the damaged areas, and the cervix is deformed. Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent problems in the future.

The highest degree of risk of cicatricial deformity occurs after assisted delivery using an extractor or medical forceps. Independent childbirth can lead to the development of pathology if they were complex and accompanied by multiple internal tears.

Pathological processes accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the epithelium lead to a violation of the anatomical structure of the cervix. Due to its damage, the body starts regenerative processes, during which damaged cells are restored by connective tissue.

Cervical deformity as a congenital defect is extremely rare. Usually, scars are accompanied by other deviations in the anatomical structure of the organs of the genital area, for example, the bend of the uterus.

The most common causes of pathology:

incorrect location of the fetus;
trauma resulting from childbirth. When the fetus passes, the cervix ruptures.
improper technique of surgical interventions;
the presence of a cyst.
improper suturing.
abortions.

In very extreme cases, the pathology may be congenital. Also, an obvious cause may be lengthening, narrowing or shortening of the cervical canal.

All of the above reasons fully affect the normal functioning of the organ and the development of the scar.

The main cause of cicatricial deformity of the cervix is difficult childbirth, which was accompanied by large ruptures and damage to the tissues of the organ. Moreover, such a pathology occurs both after childbirth independent, and after childbirth with auxiliary manipulations, for example, in the case of applying medical forceps, extraction of the fetus.

Sometimes, surgical interventions in the pelvic area, improperly applied sutures, and surgical abortions through curettage lead to the development of cicatricial deformity.

Very rare, but there is a congenital deformity of the cervix. In this case, it is associated with physiological hormonal disruptions.

Types of pathologies

Cervical deformity can be acquired or congenital. But congenital pathology is extremely rare. Hormonal disruptions in the body can lead to the appearance of pathology.

Doctors believe that congenital deformity can occur under the influence of negative factors on the mother's body in the first 3 months of pregnancy. These include stress, infectious lesions, intoxication. Also, the cause of a birth defect can be genetic failures. Such a change in the shape of the cervix is accompanied by anomalies in the development of other organs (uterus, vagina).

Most often, women are diagnosed with cicatricial deformity of the cervix.

But there are other pathologies of the cervical part of the uterus:

narrowing of the cervical canal: the diagnosis is made if its dimensions do not exceed 5 mm;
circular canal: improper arrangement of muscle fibers leads to the appearance of a funnel-shaped cervical canal;
lengthening or shortening: the length is less than 35 mm or more than 45 mm.

These deformations of the cervix lead to disruption of menstrual and reproductive function. Women who are planning a pregnancy, be sure to select the optimal treatment tactics.

The degree of development of pathology

When diagnosing a disease, it is important to indicate the degree of pathological changes. They are evaluated by the size and number of scars, the condition of the surrounding tissues. There are four degrees of severity of pathology:

in the first degree, the pharynx will pass only the tip of the doctor's finger or the entire finger. The cervical canal is conical in shape, the ruptures are single and not deep, reaching a maximum of up to two centimeters. The lower cervical canal has signs of ectropion;
in the second degree, the uterine os is not detected, the endocervix turns outward, and the uterine neck is split, there are old ruptures up to the arch, hypertrophy;
at the third degree, ruptures are determined at the level of the arches, there are dysplastic changes in the epithelium, there is inflammatory process;
in the fourth stage of the pathology, old ruptures are combined, insufficiency of the pelvic floor muscles is diagnosed.

Depending on the definition of the degree of pathology, the treatment is selected for patients.

4 Effects on pregnancy and childbirth

Pathology can lead to infertility or problems with bearing a fetus. This is possible for several reasons:

an imbalance in the acidity of cervical mucus is an obstacle to the penetration of spermatozoa into the uterus and their normal functioning;
due to a violation of the protective mechanism, the risk of miscarriage and the possibility of infection of the fetus through the vagina increases.

During pregnancy, a woman with a deformity is advised to observe sexual rest and limit physical activity. If during childbirth the cervix opens on its own, the birth process passes through the natural birth canal. In the absence of disclosure, a caesarean section is performed.

Symptoms

It is almost impossible to suspect many violations on your own. Only a gynecologist, during a visual examination, can say that a woman has a deformed cervix. Despite the absence of symptoms, the severity of the pathology cannot be underestimated, because any change in the structure and shape of this organ can lead to negative consequences.

Some women who have a deformity on examination come to the examination with complaints. They talk about:

aching pain in the pelvic region;
copious whitish discharge;
menstrual irregularities;
soreness (lack of sensitivity) during sexual intercourse;
scanty menstruation, as the discharge of blood is difficult.

After a gynecological examination, the doctor directs the woman for additional diagnostics: they do a biopsy, colposcopy, and a smear for cytology. Bacteriological cultures and PCR tests are also carried out to detect infectious diseases.

After tissue rupture, its healing begins. The process is the replacement of organ tissue with connective tissue. In this case, the following processes are observed:

there are disturbances in blood microcirculation;
there is a redistribution of nerve cells;
trophic changes in the structure of the canal develop, which contribute to its deformation and eversion of the mucosa into the vaginal canal;
sometimes cervical-vaginal fistulas are formed.

For a long time, the pathology does not manifest itself in any way externally. As it progresses, there are:

aching pain in the pelvis, radiating to the lower back;
violations and failures in the duration and frequency of the menstrual cycle;
pain during sexual intercourse;
copious menstrual flow;
stretching white vaginal discharge.

Complications of cicatricial deformity of the cervix include:

cervicitis;
endometritis;
endocervicitis;
erosion;
keratinization of the tissues of the cervical canal;
violation of the development of the epithelium;
oncology.

At the first degree of development of pathology, a woman practically does not feel the symptoms of the disease. The only deviation may be an increased secretion of cervical mucus. The second degree of development of the disease is already more aggressive - here the patients experience aching and pulling pains in the lower abdomen, in the lumbar region and sacrum.

When an infection is attached, the discharge takes on a characteristic yellowish-green tint, becomes cloudy. Usually the menstrual cycle is not disturbed, but the duration of menstruation can increase by a couple of days. Approximately every tenth woman complains of pain during intimate contact. Also, a clear indication of problems with the cervix is an unsuccessful pregnancy, the impossibility of fully bearing a baby.

A significant complication of the pathology is infection, leading to the development of cervicitis. With functional insufficiency of the cervical canal, the infection can penetrate not only into the uterine cavity, but also into the fallopian tubes, into the ovaries. If the environment is too acidic, erosion, dysplasia appears.

It is possible to detect pathology during a visual examination by a gynecologist.

General symptoms:

menstrual irregularities;
pain in the pelvic region;
pain during intercourse;
constant discharge from the genitals.

Quite often, cicatricial deformity of the cervix does not manifest itself for a long time. But sometimes the symptoms of the disease are present. Signs of pathology include the following manifestations and conditions:

white stretchy vaginal discharge;
severe aching pain in the pelvis and lower back;
failures of the cyclicity of the menstrual cycle;
more abundant menstrual flow;
soreness during sexual intercourse.

Complications of cicatricial deformity of the cervix include: endometritis, cervicitis, endocervicitis, cervical erosion, keratinization of the tissues of the cervical canal, atrophy and abnormal development of the epithelium, oncological diseases. This pathology is often an obstacle to the conception and bearing of a child.

Diagnostics

If you change the nature of the discharge or the composition of the mucus, the appearance of pain or bleeding, you should immediately visit a gynecologist. Your doctor will examine you with a speculum or colposcope. Signs of cicatricial deformity of the cervix are:

canal eversion;
the presence of scars near the sutures that arose during the suturing of birth gaps.

In the process of colposcopy, the doctor examines changes in the surface of the cervical canal, complications of the pathology, and takes tissue for biopsy. If the problem is congenital, tests are prescribed to determine the level of hormones in the woman's body.

The gynecologist may prescribe additional studies:

bacteriological tests;
PCR diagnostics;
smear for cytology.

Differential diagnosis is carried out to exclude functional disorders during childbirth. During the birth process itself, when the first signs of deformation usually appear, it is necessary to distinguish the pathology from the secondary weakness of labor activity. The latter is characterized by a slow opening of the cervix (insufficient for normal childbirth), but with positive dynamics. With deformation, disclosure does not occur at all; instead, the doctor may notice a curvature of the organ.

The diagnosis is made upon detection of gross changes in the form of scarring on the cervix.

Often, this type of disease is detected during a routine examination, since the patient does not have specific symptoms and complaints.

You can detect pathology when viewed in mirrors, with the condition that the patient will have cicatricial deformity, because with the usual one, this method will be of little information.

Doing a general clinical analysis, you can notice that urine and blood will be in the normal value. The essence of this method will determine the presence of an inflammatory process.

Smears from the cervical canal will also be uninformative.

An instrumental examination is considered the key method of diagnosis. With its help, you can visually assess the state of the organ and understand whether there is a place for this pathology.

To make a diagnosis, ultrasound is used - cervicometry.

Thanks to ultrasonic waves, it is possible to obtain information about the size of the cervix, to understand whether there is a pathological elongation and shortening, and the presence of cicatricial deformity.

Mandatory conduct is colposcopy - a procedure using an optical system that provides an increase in the image of the cervix by 30 times.

An additional method of research is a biopsy - it allows you to get a small section of the mucosa for a deeper study.

Bacteriological tests - to determine the microorganisms of the virus and infection. The most common infection is the human papillomavirus.

Primary diagnosis is carried out by a gynecologist when examining a patient on a chair using special mirrors. To clarify the diagnosis, the doctor takes swabs for cytology, prescribes PCR diagnostics and bacteriological tests. An informative method of confirming or rejecting the diagnosis is colposcopy. During the procedure, the specialist studies changes in the surface and type of folds of the part of the cervical canal that is everted into the vagina. Also, the gynecologist determines the complications of the deformity and makes a biopsy of pathological tissues for further histological examination.

With congenital deformity, the patient is assigned a series of hormonal blood tests.

Treatment

After completing the diagnosis, the doctor selects the most appropriate therapy, focusing on the general condition of the patient, her age and identified comorbidities.

Treatment is required in cases where the pathology is found only in women of reproductive age. In the period after menopause, you should not try to change the state of the cervix, because the deformation itself is not dangerous.

The rest of the patients may be prescribed surgical or conservative treatment. Surgical methods are used for significant deformities. Most often, doctors recommend the use of minimally invasive treatment methods. For example, in case of narrowing or obstruction of the canal, bougienage is prescribed. Patency is restored with the help of a special medical instrument - bougie.

If the deformation of the cervix is serious, then plastic surgery is performed. The deformed part is excised, and the remaining tissues are sutured. Laser and radio wave treatment methods are popular, many clinics use cryodestruction or diathermocoagulation of problem areas.

Conservative treatment of cervical deformities includes:

massage designed to improve the outflow of lymph and blood;
performing physical exercises, with the help of which the muscles of the perineum are strengthened;
medicinal methods.

Drug treatment of deformity refers to the methods of symptomatic therapy. Most often they are used to stimulate labor activity. In maternity hospitals, the opening of the cervix is stimulated with the help of kelp. These are stick-shaped seaweeds that are inserted into the vagina. They increase several times and provoke the opening and smoothing of the neck.

For the symptomatic treatment of deformity during childbirth, the use of prostaglandins - E2-misoprostol is popular. They stimulate the onset of labor.

If a deformity is detected during a routine gynecological examination, you should not wait for pregnancy. The doctor will prescribe one of the surgical methods of treatment. This minimizes the likelihood of problems during childbearing and childbirth.

The method of treating pathology is selected depending on the individual characteristics, the age of the patient, the general clinical picture, the presence of complications. The main method of treatment is surgery. It can be destructive and surgical:

When performing a surgical operation, an excision or conization of the cervix may be performed. If the pathology is strongly expressed, an additional plastic surgery is prescribed to reconstruct the organ. The operation is carried out not only with a scalpel, but also with ultrasonic, laser, radio wave and electrical methods. Excised tissue can be sent for research.
Destructive methods are used if the deformation is slightly expressed. In this case, the doctor is faced with the task of destroying pathological tissues. Most often, one of three methods is used: laser vaporization, diathermocoagulation, cryodestruction.

The purpose of surgery is to excise the area of scar tissue and restore the normal anatomical position of the cervix.

If the disease is diagnosed at an early stage, intervention will be the least difficult. The timely detection of pathology is facilitated by the periodic passage of gynecological examinations after a difficult birth or surgical abortion.

With scarring of the cervix, conservative treatment is ineffective. Doctors prefer to treat scarring surgically, and the choice of a specific technique is determined depending on the condition of the cervix, the results of a diagnostic study.

Ablative techniques are applied through laser therapy, argon plasma therapy or radio wave treatment. Perhaps the use of cryotherapy or diathermocoagulation. These techniques will be effective at the first stage of pathology development, when the result of therapy is positive.

With the second or third degree of development of the pathology, the operation of tracheloplasty will be more effective. During the intervention by this method, the scars are removed, the tissues are stratified, and while maintaining the function of the muscle layer, the mucosa of the canal is restored, its shape improves.

Conization and trachelectomy are also possible, in which the affected areas are amputated, but such operations are performed in those women who have entered the menopause and can no longer give birth.

The method of treating cervical deformity is selected depending on the overall clinical picture, the age of the patient, and the presence of complications. Its purpose is to excise the pathological area, restore the anatomically correct position of the cervix and normal microflora of the vaginal canal, as well as the resumption of reproductive function.

The main method of treatment of cervical deformity is called surgery. It is of two types: surgical and using destructive methods.

Surgery can be performed using the technique of excision or conization of the cervix. With a sufficiently pronounced pathology, the patient is prescribed a reconstructive plastic surgery. Modern methods of surgery include laser, ultrasound, electric and radio wave methods of operation.

Destructive methods are used with a mild degree of the disease. They are aimed at the destruction of pathologically affected tissues. The most well-known destructive methods of deformity treatment are cryodestruction, laser vaporization and diathermocoagulation.

Cervical deformity is a rather dangerous disease. Therefore, at the first discomfort, a woman should consult a doctor. Also, do not neglect regular preventive examinations by a gynecologist, which will allow you to diagnose the pathology in time.

Therapy

Before treatment, it is mandatory to conduct an examination for a sexually transmitted infection.

If an infection is detected, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

After stopping the medication and curing the infection, therapy can be carried out.

Treatment has different types:

operational, chemical - the use of various solutions;
hardware - laser method, cryodistruction, radio wave method.

Surgical intervention is prescribed for significant deformation, since minimally invasive is considered optimal. For example, with poor patency of the cervical canal, they are prescribed.

A bougie is a long rod designed for the diagnosis and treatment of hollow organs.

Surgical manipulation removes damaged tissue.

Assign both for treatment and for diagnosis. The procedure is painless, safe and highly effective.

Conservative therapy consists of:

medication - prescribing drugs, most often for symptomatic treatment;
massage - to stimulate the inflow and outflow of lymph and blood;
physical exercise.

Thanks to all these methods, a complete recovery is guaranteed for the patient.

The healing process is not the fastest, but in most cases it has a successful ending.

Symptoms and complications

Do not forget that if you do not take timely measures for treatment, then there is a risk of complications.

The duration of the disease can lead to cancer.

Today, cervical cancer ranks second among oncological diseases.

Other complications include: abortion and non-carrying of the child.

Be sure to discuss with your doctor the advantages and disadvantages of each examination method, choose the most optimal one and save your health. Timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention is the key to a healthy woman.

During a gynecological examination, problems with organs are detected in 5% of cases. Cicatricial deformity of the cervix after childbirth is considered a dangerous pathology, covering the cervical and vaginal canals. Due to changes in the structure and length of the neck, the genital organs are displaced. The problem cannot be ignored, since the lack of treatment leads to the development of a malignant disease.

Large babies over 3.5 kg pass through the birth canal when they are born. If the muscles are weak, the woman has injuries and tears. The neck is not fully restored, scars appear. The fabric becomes rough, inelastic. The opening of the cervix after childbirth does not always indicate pathology. In women who give birth not for the first time, a small pharynx remains.

How does the cervix change after childbirth:

a red organ in the form of a ball 135 mm long;
oval shape, yellow discharge, length 110 mm;
pear-shaped normal color with a usual size of 9 mm.

The cervix in a month and a half will not be conical, as before pregnancy, but cylindrical. It does not affect health. The form is determined by the gynecologist during the examination. There is an almost complete recovery if there are no health problems. Organ weight is about 50 gr. The fundus of the uterus after childbirth is 12-15 cm above the womb.

Can the cervix close after dilation? Yes. When the firstborn has appeared, the closure will be complete if the ruptures are properly sutured. With a repeated process, the passage of one finger is allowed during examination by a gynecologist.

A woman will not be able to independently determine whether the cervix has deformed after childbirth or not. Pathology affects subsequent pregnancy. Miscarriages occur more often, bleeding opens, amniotic fluid leaks before the process begins.

Among the factors contributing to ruptures, there are changes of an inflammatory and dystrophic nature. The type of disease is determined taking into account the outer diameter of the open pharynx, how many scars there are, whether their size has increased. What happens to the surrounding tissues, the state of the exocervix.

During childbirth, the cervix becomes smooth, the edges thin and stretched. From the outer part to the inner fabric are torn. They are limited to the area of the vagina, do not reach the vaults. Sometimes they capture the peritoneum. Cicatricial deformity of the cervix is manifested as a result of improperly sewn or untreated breaks. The organ turns into the side of the vagina. Leads to inflammatory processes, hardening of the endometrium, erosion.

There are four levels of change:

I degree. The gynecologist inserts the tip or the entire finger through a cone-shaped hole. The depth of the gaps is not more than 2 cm. Signs of ectropion of the cervix are revealed after childbirth in the lower part of the cervical canal;
II degree. The open part is not identified. The front and back are important. Old breaks extend to the vaults. Endocervix completely everted;
III degree. The uterus is stretched after childbirth, the cracks extend to the vagina. It is impossible to determine the external pharynx. Hypertrophy of one lip of the neck is revealed. Diagnose the inflammatory process and epithelial dysplasia;
IV degree. There are old tears and fissures that reach the fornix of the vagina. Eversion of the uterus after childbirth is associated with insufficiency of the pelvic muscles.

Ectopia occurs as a result of tissue incision during childbirth. The mucous membrane of the cervical canal extends to the lower part of the organ. Ectropion is a more complex form of the disease, in which the mucous membrane unfolds towards the vagina. It is difficult to diagnose due to the late detection of extraneous tissue from the outside. Deformation of scars occurs during suturing after childbirth. The cervix is unnatural to the touch, with a changed structure, necrosis of parts of the tissue.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

In the first degree of the disease, the amount of cervical discharge increases. If the cicatricial deformity is more pronounced, aching and pulling pains appear in the lower back and lower abdomen. The color of whiter changes: they become cloudy, white or yellow. The cycle is not broken, but increases by 1-2 days. Sometimes there are discomfort during intercourse.

A gynecologist can determine changes in the cervix after childbirth. The woman is sent for additional diagnostics. Perform a biopsy, colposcopy, take a smear for cytology. PCR tests are needed to detect infectious diseases. Primary deformation is difficult to detect. If in doubt, take blood tests for hormones.

A loose cervix is a condition in which the density and elasticity of tissues decreases. Due to the decrease in tone, the pharynx opens. Occurs with muscle weakness, weakened immunity, cervical insufficiency. Pathology provokes miscarriages and premature births.

Due to injury, the muscles are stretched, do not always return to their original position. Under load, they relax so much that after childbirth, the intestine sticks out of the uterus. At the initial stage, the prolapse is removed by physical activity, therapeutic exercises.

Tests in a month will help to identify the disease at an early stage. Colposcopy allows you to determine changes in the cervical epithelium. If a pathology is suspected, a biopsy is performed, smears are taken using special solutions.

The reasons

The deformity develops after childbirth and may be a congenital pathology. It is more common in women of reproductive age due to scarring, adhesive processes. The reason is the use of obstetric forceps during operative childbirth, manual assistance in breech presentation of the fetus.

An everted cervix is detected after a difficult birth, if the circumference of the baby's head is larger with occiput presentation. Pathology occurs during a rapid process, when the uterus does not have time to expand sufficiently, with prolonged labor, premature rupture of amniotic fluid.

Deformation is observed with injuries and ruptures, surgery, chronic inflammation of the cervix, which lead to tissue scarring and deformation. A self-absorbable material is used to suture internal tears. In the absence of a secondary infection, they heal quickly.

When a problem is identified, the funnel-shaped shape of the circular canal of the cervix is \u200b\u200bdetermined. The anatomical arrangement of muscle fibers is disturbed, the organ cannot contract. Narrowing is noted if the size of the neck is less than 5 mm. A woman has oligomenorrhea in the form of menstrual irregularities. The extreme degree is its obstruction with a mechanical barrier that affects further deformation.

Elongation of the neck means that the dimensions of the organ are greater than 45 mm. It accompanies a change in the thickness of the walls of the uterus and pharynx. Shortening - the value does not exceed 25 mm. Occurs due to the passage of a large baby through the birth canal and improperly applied sutures. The normal physiological structure of the neck is disturbed, tissue regeneration, scarring develops, which contributes to further deformation.

Consequences and complications

The cervical canal partially loses its function, as the scar becomes part of the tissues. The protection of the shell is reduced, as the quality of the mucus is impaired. There are negative consequences of cervical deformation after childbirth in the form of eversion of the canal into the vagina.

Ectropion occurs due to rupture of the muscles of the cervix. When visiting a gynecologist, cervicitis after childbirth, endometritis, ectopia, and tissue atrophy are detected. Longitudinal, which are located near the lips, remain intact. They are actively shrinking. The external pharynx is deformed, everted and sags into the vagina.

The tissues are exposed to the environment, erosion develops, atrophy of the glands occurs, and mucus is not produced in the usual way. Anatomical and physiological changes are noted, a woman is more prone to the development of inflammatory processes.

An inflamed cervix after childbirth can be caused by trauma to the genital organs, if more than 6 hours pass between opening and the appearance of the baby. After the process is completed, placental tissues remain on the walls of the uterus. If they are not detected in time, inflammation begins.

When a woman's cervix crawls out after childbirth, the tone of the muscles of the perineum decreases, they feel a foreign body, discomfort when moving. Bowel and bladder prolapse occurs. Blood vessels are compressed, tissue nutrition is disturbed.

Impact on pregnancy and childbirth. A healthy cervix is evidenced by a mucous plug located in a spindle-shaped canal. It is a protective barrier in the cervix. The appearance of scars indicates keratinization of the tissue, the degeneration of epithelial cells. The risk of developing cancerous growths increases, there is a curvature of the cervix.

All changes pose a threat to the reproductive function of the body. A woman cannot give birth on her own; operative delivery is used. With localization in the cervical canal, conception occurs if there were no symptoms. The effect is on the course of pregnancy. The risk of miscarriage, infection of the fetus through the vagina increases. A woman needs to lead a less active life, observe sexual rest. With scarring, independent childbirth is possible if the harness opens on its own.

Treatment

The tactics of treating cervical inversion involves a complete examination and determination of the severity of the disease. The gynecologist notes the cause of the development of the disease, how much the tissues are affected. The age of the patient, the presence of inflammation and infectious diseases matters. Therapy includes drugs and surgery.

With minor changes, if the tissue damage is shallow, laser plasty, cryodestruction or diathermocoagulation are chosen. With a strong deformation and suspicion of a neoplasm, an excision of the neck is performed.

Treatment of divergence of uterine elevators in a therapeutic way is effective only in the initial stage. The neglected state is restored surgically. Advanced techniques allow for treatment and reduce the likelihood of relapse. Due to the gentle mode of conduct shown to elderly patients. All manipulations are carried out through the vagina.

Perineolevathoroplasty. A high-quality operation if the disease is detected at an early stage. Muscles can still contract on their own. The method is aimed at the treatment of rectocele, cystocele, deformity.

Colporrhaphy. Performed to stitch the walls of the vagina. Strengthen, eliminate rough, painful scars.

Operation Lefort-Neigebauer. It is carried out only in the absence of intimate relationships.

All methods are designed to restore the natural state of the cervix, vaginal microflora. Treatment is long, but in 90% of cases it completely eliminates problems. A woman can become pregnant and bear a child. The deformity is treatable. The barrier functions of the cervix mucosa are restored, and neoplasms are prevented.

Alternative treatment of a loose uterus brings results if you use herbal tinctures and decoctions regularly. Plantain syrup is prepared, honey and fragrant celery seeds are added. Make a tincture with dill seeds. They drink for three weeks, rest for two. Course 3 months. Infusion with lemon balm is brewed in a thermos and taken 50 g an hour before meals.

Forecast and prevention

A gynecologist is visited regularly once every six months. Following the recommendations will allow healing to take place quickly and efficiently. Plan pregnancy after 4-5 months of successful treatment. No one can guarantee that damage to the uterus can be avoided. Much depends on the obstetricians who will be next to the woman in labor during the appearance of the baby.

Reconstructive plastic surgery restores the shape and function of the cervix in 95% of cases of deformation. When applying purse-string sutures, positive dynamics is noted in 80% of the procedures performed. For preventive purposes, invasive treatment is prescribed. If there are traumatic ruptures, suturing is carried out with constant monitoring by a gynecologist.

When choosing a conservative treatment, do not refuse massage. It affects blood flow. Perform physical exercises to strengthen the muscles of the perineum. Preventive measures include adequate sexual activity. Use modern methods of contraception to avoid abortion. Minimize the risk of STDs by choosing a permanent partner, refuse casual relationships.

Timely register for pregnancy, prepare in advance for childbirth and competently conduct the process. They attend courses where they talk about proper breathing, body position. Control endocrine and hormonal disorders.

You can avoid cervical deformation if you take care of your health in advance. Issues are resolved at a gynecologist's appointment. If incomprehensible symptoms are detected, tests are taken to confirm or exclude the development of the disease.

In the presence of congenital pathologies or with a traumatic external effect, scars may remain on the cervix. In addition to the fact that scars violate the anatomical structure of the organ, they also provoke improper functioning of the cervical canal. Usually, the deformation of the cervix is mild, so many female representatives are unaware that they have such a deviation.

Cicatricial deformities are detected in almost every second woman, and 70 percent of such pathologies are diagnosed in reproductive age. Usually, the disease is detected in primiparous patients who gave birth to a child over the age of thirty. If patients develop cervicitis, then the occurrence of cicatricial pathologies occurs much more often.

Since cicatricial deformity of the cervix is a rather difficult process and calls into question the normal bearing of the fetus and delivery, the relevance of the prevention of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age is increasing. Also, cervical deformities contribute to inflammatory processes in the genital organs and can provoke oncological pathologies.

Causes of the appearance of pathology

The most common reasons are as follows:

the birth process that occurs with pathologies - these can be ruptures that occur during rapid labor with an incomplete cervical canal, the use of Lazarevich obstetric forceps, the patient's age is over thirty years;
manipulations on the genitals, carried out in an invasive way - this includes all diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that require the introduction of gynecological instruments through the cervical canal. Usually, during such procedures, a violation of the surface layer always occurs, and injuries occur;
inaccurate suturing or errors in suturing wounds also cause scarring. In most cases, tissues are sutured during childbirth, as well as during surgical interventions, leaving behind a scar on the surface of the neck.

Why do cicatricial changes occur and how do they affect women's health?

When there is a replacement of normal connective tissue, the processes of regeneration of the endocervix and exocervix are disturbed. Normally, these areas are covered by epithelial tissue, however, in the zone of damage to its integrity, connective tissue cells are restored - occurs. At the initial stage, the connective tissue is quite elastic, but as the post-traumatic tissue is formed, the tissue thickens and becomes less extensible, the cells lose their ability to contract.

The main disadvantage of scarring is the incomplete closure of the cervical canal. Because of this, its main function is lost - protective, because the closed channel prevents infections from penetrating into the uterine cavity. In such a situation, labor activity is also complicated - childbirth threatens with incomplete opening of the channel and the need for more rough intervention or emergency. If the gaps were deep and the scars formed incorrectly, then the edges of the canal can be deformed and completely take the form of shreds. With the failure to perform its function, an ectropion may develop.

The degree of development of pathology

in the first degree will only pass the doctor's fingertip or. The cervical canal is conical in shape, the ruptures are single and not deep, reaching a maximum of up to two centimeters. The lower cervical canal has signs of ectropion;
in the second degree, the uterine os is not detected, the endocervix turns outward, and the uterine neck is split, there are old ruptures up to the arch, hypertrophy;
at the third degree, ruptures are determined at the level of the arches, there are dysplastic changes in the epithelium, present;
in the fourth stage of the pathology, old ruptures are combined, insufficiency of the pelvic floor muscles is diagnosed.

Depending on the definition of the degree of pathology, the treatment is selected for patients.

Symptoms

Diagnostics

To diagnose pathology, the doctor uses standard methods of examining patients:

The diagnosis is made upon detection of gross changes in the form of scarring on the cervix.

Treatment of pathology

Ablative techniques are applied through laser therapy, argon plasma therapy or radio wave treatment. Perhaps the use of cryotherapy or diathermocoagulation. These techniques will be effective at the first stage of pathology development, when the result of therapy is positive.

Trachelectomy is also possible, in which the affected areas are amputated, but such operations are performed in those women who have entered the menopause and can no longer give birth.

Video: laser surgery for cervical deformation

N88 Other noninflammatory diseases of cervix

Causes of cervical deformity

Cervical deformity can develop after certain conditions, and can also be a congenital pathology. It often happens that the development of the female reproductive system is disturbed at a certain point, and various anomalies in the structure of the female organs develop, including the cervix. Congenital anomalies, as a rule, are accompanied by concomitant anomalies of other genital organs - the vagina, uterus. More often in women of reproductive age there are acquired anomalies in the structure of the cervical canal, which occurs as a result of adhesions, scars, deformities after various surgical interventions. Cervical deformities include conditions that are accompanied by a violation of the structure and integrity of the cervix and cervical canal - this is the circular canal of the cervix, narrowing of the cervical canal and its obstruction, elongated cervix, shortening of the cervix or isthmic-cervical insufficiency, cicatricial and post-traumatic deformities cervix.

The circular canal of the cervix is a pathology in which the canal has a funnel-shaped shape due to the incorrect arrangement of muscle fibers in the circular direction. This pathology can occur with ruptures of the internal genital organs due to childbirth and their surgical treatment - suturing, in the future this may be the cause of such a process with improper tissue healing. In this case, the anatomical arrangement of the muscle fibers of the cervix is disturbed, and it can no longer contract, as before, which further contributes to the manifestation of a particular clinical picture.

The narrowing of the cervical canal is its size less than 5 millimeters. At the same time, a woman of reproductive age may already experience symptoms in the form of a menstrual cycle disorder of the type of oligomenorrhea, since the narrow cervical canal may interfere with normal menstruation, which prolongs the period of menstruation with a small amount of discharge. As for pregnancy, this can be a direct threat to normal labor activity, in case of poor opening of the cervix and an indication for caesarean section. The extreme degree of narrowing of the cervical canal is its obstruction. Obstruction of the cervical canal of the cervix is when a mechanical obstruction is formed in the cervical canal, which can cause further deformities.

An elongated cervix is a pathology in which the length of the cervix is more than 45 millimeters, and this is often accompanied by a change in the consistency of the uterus and the thickness of the uterine os.

Shortening of the cervix or isthmic-cervical insufficiency is a condition in which the length of the cervix is less than 35 millimeters, and this is often 20-25, which is a future risk of miscarriage and requires correction.

Cicatricial and post-traumatic deformities of the cervix are the most common cause of the development of various pathologies in the future. The most common cause is trauma to the genital organs after childbirth, ruptures of the cervix, damage with incorrect positions of the fetus, improperly applied sutures or the consequences of their scarring, violations of the technique of surgical interventions on the cervix.

All these causes can disrupt the normal physiological structure of the cervix, and in response to such foreign bodies, regeneration and proliferation of connective tissue develops, and later scar tissue develops, which contributes to tissue deformation.

Symptoms of cervical deformity

Features of the clinical course of various deformities of the cervix are that the symptoms are often not expressed before the onset of complications and the course is asymptomatic. When certain problems arise with pregnancy, childbirth or the course of certain diseases, only then can this pathology be found. But there are some peculiarities in the clinic of some cervical deformities.

The circular canal of the cervix is a deformation that may not manifest itself in any way due to its insignificance, that is, all physiological processes in the uterus and ovaries do not suffer. Problems may arise during the next pregnancy, when there may be discoordination of labor due to improper contraction of the muscle fibers of the circular canal of the cervix, which prevents the normal opening of the cervix.

With narrowing of the cervical canal, the first signs of this pathology may manifest as a violation of the ovarian-menstrual cycle due to the occurrence of a mechanical obstruction in the path of the normal menstrual function of the endometrium. But such changes may not be frequent, and the narrowing of the canal may be asymptomatic. In the case when the deformation of the uterus, in this situation, narrowing, reaches an extreme degree, then obstruction of the cervix develops - this is a condition that may already have pronounced clinical manifestations. Symptoms of this type of deformation can be the formation of a mechanical barrier, which in women of reproductive age can cause a delay in menstrual blood with its accumulation in the uterine cavity and the formation of an acute condition in gynecology - a hematometer. Then there is a clinic of acute pain in the abdomen, tension of the anterior abdominal wall, and the anamnesis data indicate a delay in menstruation for several weeks or several times in a row.

An elongated cervix is a pathology that is also often asymptomatic. Sometimes in women who have not given birth before, the first signs of the disease may be dyspareunia - a violation of the normal process of sexual intercourse, in which a woman does not get pleasure and sexual desire decreases. This is due to the fact that the elongated cervix does not have a sufficient number of receptors and blood supply may be poor, which disrupts normal sexual intercourse. There are no painful sensations, since the internal structure is not changed and there are no obstacles. Often a symptom of this type of deformity can be infertility, as there are problems with conception due to the fact that the sperm cannot reach the fallopian tube for the normal fertilization process. Also, a dense mucous plug can form in the elongated cervical canal, which has an acidic environment, which also prevents the passage of the sperm.

Symptoms of a long cervix may manifest for the first time during pregnancy or already during childbirth. During pregnancy, the normal attachment of the placenta may be disturbed, since the anatomical structure of the uterine os is disturbed and the placenta may have a central, lateral or low attachment. There may also be problems in childbirth - there are obstacles to the normal passage of the child through the birth canal, since the elongated cervix is not sufficiently expanded and the head of the child or the presenting part may be in the same plane for a long time, which increases the risk of hypoxia and may require additional methods - the imposition of obstetric forceps . This can further injure the birth canal and lead to secondary deformities of the cervix.

Shortening of the cervix, as a type of deformation, has clinical symptoms during pregnancy, since there is a threat of abortion. This is due to the fact that normally the length of the cervix throughout pregnancy should be at least 35 millimeters, then at 34-36 weeks the length of the cervix decreases as it prepares for childbirth, and at the same time its length is approximately 34-36 millimeters, but maybe 30 and this is considered a normative indicator. In case of discrepancy with these indicators, there may be pathological childbirth or complications in childbirth in the form of premature discharge of amniotic fluid, cord entanglement, so this type of deformation requires timely diagnosis and treatment.

Cicatricial and post-traumatic deformities of the cervix very often do not manifest themselves in any way, but they require increased attention in women of reproductive age. These deformities occur after traumatic childbirth, and symptoms may appear as early as the next pregnancy. In this case, the normal contraction and opening of the cervix will be disrupted, which may contribute to protracted labor or, due to pronounced cicatricial changes, may become an indicator for a caesarean section. The first signs of such deformities may be pain during intercourse, which can be caused by cervical scars, which disrupt normal contraction during arousal and disrupt the outflow of blood from the pelvic veins. Secondarily, congestion in the pelvis may develop with further inflammatory or other diseases of the female reproductive system.

Cicatricial deformity of the cervix most often occurs with a large fetus or with incorrect positions of the fetus. Deformation of the cervix after childbirth can also be asymptomatic, so it is necessary to carefully examine the birth canal and properly manage the postpartum period.

Complications and consequences

Given the fact that the deformation of the cervix in most cases is asymptomatic, very often these conditions are diagnosed already when complications appear. Such complications can appear already during childbirth, then it is very dangerous. Fetal hypoxia may occur if there is a violation of its passage through the birth canal, as well as birth injuries, cephalohematomas and other disorders of the fetus.

Diagnosis of cervical deformity

The asymptomatic course of various types of cervical deformities complicates timely diagnosis. Complaints in such patients are absent, and during examination, special changes are not determined.

But still, it is necessary to carefully examine a woman, even during a routine examination. When examining women with such deformities, there are no special changes: no complaints or symptoms are detected during a bimanual vaginal examination. Examination in the mirrors is also uninformative due to the fact that only the neck itself is visible, but if the cicatricial deformities are very pronounced, then changes can be seen. Then it is not difficult to suspect the diagnosis. It is necessary to carefully collect a general history and an obstetric history detailing the number of births, their course, consequences, because this will help to find out if this woman has risk factors.

Analyzes do not allow us to suspect this pathology, since general clinical laboratory tests - a complete blood count, urine - are normal. The absence of changes in the general blood test allows only to exclude inflammatory diseases. Special laboratory studies - a smear of the cervical canal for flora and dysplasia - were also not changed in the absence of concomitant pathology.

Instrumental diagnostics is the "gold standard" in the diagnosis of various types of deformity, since it allows you to visualize any changes.

Changes in the size of the cervical canal can be diagnosed using ultrasound. To do this, use a special method - cervicometry - this method consists in an ultrasound examination of the cervix with the measurement of its size. So it becomes possible to measure the length of the cervix, its width and the size of the uterine os, which makes it possible to judge the pathology of elongation, shortening of the cervix. Also, ultrasound can detect cicatricial deformities of the cervix, if they are significant, since the heterogeneous structure of the cervix is visualized.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of various deformities should be carried out primarily with various functional disorders during childbirth. Since the first signs of cervical deformation can occur during childbirth, it is necessary to clearly differentiate the secondary weakness of labor activity with anatomical disorders of the cervix in the form of its deformation. With the weakness of labor activity, the cervix opens, but its dynamics is not sufficient for normal childbirth. With deformations of the cervix, it cannot open and its uneven structure is visualized.

It is also necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis of cervical deformity, which occurs with infertility. Then many inflammatory factors can be excluded, and the cause of infertility may be different. To do this, it is necessary to carefully examine a woman with a mandatory hysterography, which allows you to identify defects not only in the cervix, but also in the uterine cavity itself.

Treatment of cervical deformity

Treatment of cervical deformity between births or in women of non-reproductive age is not required, as this condition is not dangerous. In case of infertility, preparation for pregnancy or during pregnancy, measures must be taken, as complications may occur.

Treatment of cervical deformity before childbirth can be conservative and operative. It includes the complex action of massage to improve the outflow of blood and lymph, physical exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvis and perineum as a coordinated action of these muscles during childbirth, as well as medical methods.

Since deformities are anatomical disorders, drug treatments may be ineffective in the radical correction of this pathology, there can only be symptomatic therapy for certain conditions that are caused by cervical deformity. For example, if the normal opening of the uterine os is disturbed due to a long cervix or deformation, labor is stimulated. This can be done using mechanical methods - a Foley catheter or with the help of amniotomy or manual detachment of the placenta over a small area. You can also stimulate labor activity by using kelp. Kelp - seaweed, from which special sticks are made, which increase in size by 5-6 times in the vagina and stimulate the opening and smoothing of the cervix. Also widely used prostaglandins E 2 - misoprostol. This drug, called Mirolut, is available in the form of tablets, 4 tablets per pack at a dose of 200 μg of the active substance, and 4 tablets are applied rectally at once. This method of inducing labor with a long cervix is widely used, as it is affordable and effective. You can use prostaglandins in the form of vaginal suppositories or ointments. Such methods of stimulation are possible only in the absence of scars on the uterus, that is, when previous births were carried out naturally.

Operative methods of treatment are of priority in case of significant cervical deformities, since it is possible to correct such deformities. Different methods of surgical treatment are used, depending on the type of pathology. Minimally invasive interventions are often performed for certain indications, since they are less traumatic, especially if pregnancy is also planned. In case of violations of the structure of the cervix due to deformations, such as narrowing or obstruction of the cervical canal, a special procedure is performed - bougienage of the cervical canal. This is an intervention, which consists in expanding the channel with a special tool - bougie. This is most often a metal instrument, which is selected by number, which corresponds to the size of it, and start from the smallest to the widest. Often it is necessary to repeat the procedure several times, because once is not enough. Such intervention is effective at small degrees of narrowing.

In the case of more pronounced deformities and huge cicatricial changes in the cervix, open surgical interventions are performed with further plastic surgery of the cervix. They can carry out a small excision of the deformed part of the cervix and subsequently suture such amputations with the expansion of the cervix. The choice of the method of surgical treatment is carried out individually, taking into account the degree of deformity, age and purpose of treatment.

Alternative treatment of cervical deformity

Alternative methods of treating cervical deformities prevail, since they are not harmful when planning a pregnancy and can reveal a pronounced effect in certain cases. Both herbal and traditional methods are used. If the deformation of the cervix interferes with the normal opening of the cervix already during childbirth, then methods are carried out that contribute to the relaxation of slightly deformed tissues of the cervix.

The main methods used for this are:

Sea buckthorn oil also, in addition to a relaxing effect, has an anti-inflammatory effect. Sea buckthorn oil, which can be purchased at a pharmacy, is dipped in a tampon and inserted into the vagina for 2 hours, which is best done before bedtime. The course is at least ten procedures.
Treatment with honey - one tablespoon of honey must be diluted in a liter of boiled water and douching twice a day. Such a course must be completed within 7-10 days. Honey has a pronounced relaxing effect on the uterine myometrium, and also has a bacteriostatic and immunomodulatory effect.
Using celandine - a tablespoon of dried celandine leaves must be poured with a glass of boiled water and boiled for another five minutes, then allowed to cool and strain. This decoction should be drunk half a cup three times a day for about a week.
Acacia shows a good effect in the treatment of cervical deformities. To prepare the tincture, you need to collect acacia flowers, dry them, pour them with alcohol and insist in a dark place for at least a day, and then dilute with boiled water, take one tablespoon three times a day. The course of treatment lasts one month.
Burdock juice perfectly relieves irritation, swelling and has a healing and antispasmodic effect, which enhances the regeneration of the myometrium and improves its ability to relax. To prepare a healing solution from pre-washed burdock leaves, squeeze out the juice and take one teaspoon three times a day for five days, and then one teaspoon twice a day for another five days.

Herbal preparations are also widely used in the treatment of cervical deformities, since they contribute to the normal nervous regulation of the processes of contraction and relaxation of the cervix.

Basic recipes using herbs:

Recommend a soothing and strengthening herbal tea, which has a hysterotropic effect. For this, raspberry, strawberry and hawthorn leaves are infused in boiled water and boiled for another five to ten minutes, after which they are drunk instead of tea up to four times a day.
Plantain leaf, horsetail, nettle and lemon balm leaves, dandelion root must be poured with one liter of water and boiled. After that, you need to insist the decoction for 3-4 hours and take a teaspoon before meals in the morning.
Oregano grass, birch buds, St. John's wort leaves, calendula, chamomile, celandine, linden and string are poured with boiling water, infused and drunk half a cup 4 times a day.
Hop cones, valerian, linden, coriander, motherwort and oregano must be poured with a liter of hot water and after infusion, drink 2 teaspoons in the morning and evening.
inflorescences and fruits of blackberries, you can also use blueberries, pour boiling water and insist, add honey for taste and drink a teaspoon three times a day.

Use of homeopathic remedies can be effective if cervical deformities are combined with other hormonal disorders. Homeopathic remedies are also used to treat this pathology. Their main effect is aimed at regulating the normal hormonal background and this contributes to the normalization and tone of the cervix, especially when it is deformed.

The most famous homeopathic medicine that has an effective effect is Caulophyllum, a plant extract that comes in the form of homeopathic granules. During pregnancy, two weeks before childbirth, it is used for prophylactic purposes in case of cervical deformation in the form of 3 granules twice a day. Already during childbirth, with discoordination or weakness of labor activity, the drug is used 3 capsules every half hour.

Another drug used in this case is Pulsatilla. In addition to a pronounced myotropic effect, it also has a relaxing and analgesic effect. This effect contributes to the normalization of the tone of the uterus and the normal dynamics of the opening of the cervix in case of its cicatricial changes. The drug is produced in homeopathic granules and is used in the same dosage and according to the same principle.

The drug Arnica has the same effect, but in addition to the analgesic and hysterotropic action, its additional function is revealed - this is the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. This prevents secondary traumatic injuries.

These are the main methods of treating this pathology, both folk and herbal remedies, and their timely use avoids complications.

Content

The female reproductive system is represented by a hollow organ - the uterus, the neck of which performs barrier and mechanical functions, as well as the ovaries and tubes. Violation of the functioning of one of the components will certainly lead to a change in the work of the other. One of the diagnosed pathologies in obstetrics and gynecology is cicatricial deformity of the cervix - what is it?

Characteristic

Most often, connective tissue grows at the site of the ectropion. Ectropion appears as a result of ruptures of the muscles and mucous neck. In this case, the external cervical pharynx is deformed, turning into the vaginal canal. Sagging areas are exposed to the acidic environment of the vagina.

Due to the altered acidity, the risk of inflammation increases. Such unhealthy processes introduce an imbalance in the nutrition of epithelial cells. As a result, the formula of the produced mucus is broken, which leads to infectious attacks.

Thus, cicatricial deformity is a pathological change in the cervical canal, which provokes a violation of the anatomical shape of the cervix. The result of tissue ruptures is excessive growth of connective tissue, narrowing, fusion and scarring.

Such injuries are characterized by different lengths and depths, and can also affect the uterus. The cicatricial formation, as it forms, becomes denser, becomes inextensible. As a result, the cervical canal either narrows or cannot close completely. This leads to a number of complications both during pregnancy and in everyday life. Violation of the anatomy of the cervical canal leads to an increase in the likelihood of penetration of pathogenic flora into the uterus. During the bearing of a child, there is a risk of developing isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

Cicatricial deformity can lead to the inability to become pregnant and carry a child.

A number of reasons lead to the formation of cicatricial lesions.

Complicated childbirth. With rapid delivery, ruptures of the cervical region occur. Also, the large weight of the fetus and its incorrect location contribute to ruptures. The risk of scarring increases in nulliparous women after thirty years.
Incorrect suturing. This procedure requires high skill and experience of the doctor. In case of incorrect suturing or excessive tightening of the medical thread, the recovery process can be complicated, causing deformity.
Mechanical violation of the integrity of the epithelium. During gynecological procedures, abortions, operations, the instruments used damage the mucous membrane of the cervical canal.
The result of conization and destruction of pathological formations using electrotechnologies in gynecology (diathermocoagulation, electric loop).

In rare cases, the pathology can be congenital, and be accompanied by diseases of the genitourinary system.

Often, cicatricial deformity of the cervix does not manifest itself. Occasionally, nonspecific symptoms are fixed, which can also be observed with another gynecological ailment:

pathological discharge of a purulent nature;
bloody issues;
pain during intercourse.

If the described signs are ignored and a belated appeal to a gynecologist, the pathology is complicated by endometritis, erosion, tissue keratinization, and even provokes the development of carcinoma.

Treatment

A qualified gynecologist will notice cicatricial deformity already at the initial examination. The doctor examines the neck with the help of mirrors, takes biological material for cytology. For a more detailed examination, a colposcopy is performed, which demonstrates cicatricial changes on an enlarged scale. The doctor also collects the affected tissue for a biopsy.

The advantage of surgical methods of treatment pathology is not only the complete removal of cicatricial lesions, but also the possibility of examining the excised tissue for the presence of atypical cells.

After the studies and confirmation of the diagnosis, the doctor chooses an individual treatment regimen for cicatricial deformity of the cervix, taking into account:

age range;
hormonal background;
the area of the affected surface;
related diseases.

The main task of treatment is to restore cervical integrity, contributing to the normalization of the protective properties of the reproductive system. Therapy with pharmacological agents makes sense only in case of hormonal dysfunction or inflammation. In other cases, cicatricial lesions are removed.

The doctor determines the necessary type of intervention depending on the degree of damage and the age of the patient.

Exposure to radio waves, laser and electric current. Through radio wave treatment, the affected parts of the tissues are rejected. Diathermocoagulation, laser vaporization are also used. Destructive ablative methods are considered sparing, they are effective for small cicatricial changes. Such treatment is successfully used in young women who have not yet given birth, since there is a rapid regeneration of the cervical lining.
Conization. Cut off the cone-shaped part of the affected neck. Such radical treatments are used in women who have left the reproductive period.

It should be understood that after the removal of many scars, an additional operation will be required - plastic restoration of the neck.

After surgical interventions, treatment is carried out aimed at blockade of inflammation, regeneration of the vaginal microflora. In addition, it is necessary to take preventive measures to prevent recurrence of deformity in the cervical canal. For this, proteolytic enzymes are used - Longidase, Wobenzym - the most popular drugs.

When diagnosing cicatricial deformity during pregnancy, you should be regularly observed by a gynecologist. Since such a pathological condition of the cervix can adversely affect the course of pregnancy. In addition, there is a possibility of intrauterine infection due to the unhindered penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the uterine cavity.

In difficult cases and when diagnosing isthmic-cervical insufficiency, sutures are applied to the cervix. An alternative to surgical interventions during childbearing is the placement of an obstetric pessary that supports the cervix until delivery.

With timely detection of deformed tears and their correct excision, recovery occurs without deformation.

Cicatricial deformity of the cervix is a serious pathology that requires competent treatment. Reconstructive operations restore the healthy shape of the cervix and its protective functions.