Chest massage for bronchial asthma. Massage for bronchial asthma and emphysema

Chest massage in bronchial asthma has taken a rather significant place among the methods of non-drug treatment of this pathology.

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system, which has an allergic genesis. The main symptom of bronchial asthma are episodes of suffocation that occur due to the poor passage of air through the bronchial tree due to spasm and edema of the bronchi.
Massage improves the respiratory act in patients. There are several types of thorax massage for bronchial asthma.

Types of massage:

classic segmental massage manipulations;
vacuum massage manipulations;
acupressure (impact on certain points);
children's massage for bronchial asthma.

Segmental massage

Performed between episodes of shortness of breath. The effect of any type of massage, including segmental, depends on the etiological factor that led to this pathology. In most cases, after treatment with this method, patients note:

reducing the severity and frequency of seizures;
easier breathing;
activation of the functioning of the diaphragmatic muscles.

Stages of classical massage:

The patient sits down, trying to relax as much as possible. The health worker is positioned behind the patient.
The beginning of the massage is stroking and rubbing movements on the back, back of the neck, side surfaces of the chest for three minutes.
Then, for ten minutes, a selective massage of the muscles of the cervical region, below the occipital region and above the shoulder blades, is performed.

To improve the effect, you can combine the massage of human body segments with respiratory massage movements. The bottom line: the massage therapist places his fingers between the patient's ribs and while the patient exhales through his teeth, he performs several pushes with his hands to the side - from the spinal column to the sternum, gradually increasing the pressure. After that, the medical worker changes the position of the hands - he places the hands on the anterior abdominal wall and makes pushes in the caudal-caputal direction. Such techniques should be carried out about four times per session.

End of massage:

stroking movements on the chest and back lasting about five minutes;
rubbing and patting;
tapping movements.

During manipulation, the patient should not hold his breath. The course of classical massage therapy includes about 20 daily manipulations. The duration of each session is approximately 15 minutes. Massage manipulations are performed 3 hours after eating.

Treatment of bronchial asthma is also carried out by this method - strong massaging of asymmetric zones. So massage movements are performed in the zone of determination of the caudal part of the right lung and the upper part of the left lung with the help of kneading, rubbing and vibrating manipulations, which are periodically interrupted. Then it is necessary to do a massage exercise of the left half of the thorax in front, the lumbar region and the surface of the left shoulder blade.

Massage is also performed in the projection zone of the lower part of the left and upper part of the right lung in the same sequence. The course of treatment consists of 5 sessions, the interval between them is 5 days. The duration of each session is about 40 minutes. Contraindications: pulmonary heart failure, hypertension, acute inflammatory processes in the lungs and bronchi, age over sixty years.

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vacuum massage

Vacuum massage is also called cupping massage. This type of massage manipulation increases blood flow and helps to normalize metabolism. With this type of massage, the healthcare professional can avoid strenuous exercise. Cupping massage promotes rapid blood flow to the chest area.

Acupressure for bronchial asthma originated in the Land of the Rising Sun. It is characterized by a comprehensive and individual approach to treatment. With bronchial asthma, pain sensations appear at five points, and when these points are affected, the patient's condition improves significantly. The first point is located between the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra. The patient tilts his head during the session.

For asthma patients, massage exercise is carried out in the early morning and in the evening. The nozzles of the vacuum massager are placed at the points between the seventh cervical spine and the first thoracic, between the first and second thoracic vertebrae. To perform the massage, it is necessary to give the patient's hand a horizontal position and place the nozzle of the device in the cavity from the back. There is also a point in the projection of the adrenal glands - the projection of the transverse processes of the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae. The nozzle is in one point for ten minutes.

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Acupressure

The second point is located in the area between the spinous processes of the second and third thoracic vertebrae. The patient sits and tilts his head, the massage therapist acts on two points at the same time. The third point is slightly lower than the second. The massage technique is the same. The fourth point is located on the midline in front of the jugular notch. The patient is sitting.

The fifth point is under the collarbone, between the ribs on the right. Another point, which is affected only in children, is located in the gap between the spinous processes of the fifth and sixth vertebrae of the thoracic spine. Acupressure begins with stroking manipulations with the help of palms. First, the shoulders are massaged, then the hips, then the back of the hands.

The masseur performs gentle, leisurely strokes of the back of the shoulders, shoulder blades, smoothly moving to the head and neck, and then in the opposite direction.

Then four fingers are slowly tapped on the back, while the thumbs press on the skin, remaining behind. For the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma, the following exercises are used:

The patient puts his right hand over his left shoulder and presses for a minute on a point that is between the shoulder blade and the spine one centimeter down from the lower edge of the shoulders. Then the exercise should be repeated on the other side.
The patient presses with his thumbs on the points that are located between the sternum, bone and collarbone. The impact lasts for one minute.
The patient strongly affects the points located 3 centimeters below the collarbone, while tilting his head down and relaxing as much as possible.
With the thumb of the left hand, the patient presses on the point located on the wrist of the right hand, while placing the index and middle fingers on the base of the thumb, for 30 seconds.

In diseases of the respiratory tract, an effective treatment is massage for bronchial asthma. It helps not only to cope with the symptoms of respiratory failure, but prevents the risk of complications and relapses.

Purpose of therapy

Massage for bronchial asthma is prescribed in the treatment of adults and children as an additional therapy. It is an important procedure, as it allows you to achieve a positive effect.

When massaging:

During massaging of the chest, skin receptors are irritated. The impact occurs not only on the area that is warmed up by the massage therapist, but also on the whole body as a whole. There is an improvement in blood circulation, lymph outflow, the metabolic process in various systems, including the lungs.

Massage for bronchial asthma in adults and children normalizes breathing due to the impact on the departments involved in breathing. It is performed on the chest, upper shoulder girdle, abdomen, diaphragm.

During the procedure, tension is eliminated and the tone of these muscles is relieved.

For adults and children, chest massage is indicated to reduce nervous tension. Normalization of the psychological state is one of the important components of therapy for bronchial asthma.

The main types of massage

For the treatment of bronchial asthma, various chest massaging techniques are used. Depending on the degree of the disease and symptoms, the doctor may prescribe a certain type of massage for each patient.

Classic variant

During the body strengthening procedure, a classic massage is performed according to the scheme:

It is important for the massage therapist to create a relaxing, calm environment. Need hypoallergenic oil, cream.

The effect is achieved through the use of various techniques:

strokes;

kneading;

push-ups;

vibrations;

shaking.

Cupping massage technique for bronchial asthma

The session ends with light strokes from the bottom up. The same direction should be observed during the entire procedure, as it improves lymph flow.

Respiratory therapy is started after the main massage. The patient is allowed to sit or stand. The essence of the procedure is to move the doctor's hands along the chest and back of the patient during inhalation. Upon reaching the end point, up to 6 pressing movements on the chest are made with the bases of the palms.

One session lasts at least 20 minutes. For treatment, 10-15 massage procedures are required.

Segmental massage

With segmental massage, an impact is made on a specific area subject to changes.

In this area, adults and children may experience:

painful sensations;

elevated temperature;

sweating;

stretch marks.

In the case of bronchial asthma, changes are observed in the area:

In the intervals between attacks, a segmental massage is prescribed. Do it in the morning, daytime (after eating after 2 hours) and a few hours before bedtime.

The impact is usually carried out in the back. The procedure begins with stroking. Segmental massage is distinguished by some special techniques.

In the Saw exercise, the thumbs are placed along the spine. They make movements similar to the impact of a saw.

To perform the “Fork” technique, the index and middle fingers of both hands are placed on the spinal column in the region of the sacrum. Movements are carried out up to the 7th cervical vertebra. Movements in the form of strokes and circles can be made.

Massaging is carried out in the area of the right and left shoulder blades.

At the end of the session, the chest is stretched. The masseur strokes its surface, and then rubs the areas between the ribs. When inhaling, the hands move to the spine. Exhalation is made when the hands are removed to the sternum. When the air is completely out, the chest is gently compressed by the masseur's hands.

Massaging asymmetric zones

Massage of asymmetric zones on the chest

During this procedure, the effect is made on areas of the chest that are asymmetric. Massaging can be carried out in the region of the lower or upper lobe of the right lung in combination with the opposite lower or upper lobe of the left lung.

During the massage, the chest is divided into 4 zones. In the process, various areas are worked out in turn. First of all, the lower sections are massaged, rising higher. The chest is worked out in front, then behind. The masseur goes to the lower back, back and shoulder blades.

During the massage, kneading is more often used. But sometimes the massage therapist can rub, vibrate. The session is held for half an hour. The course lasts at least 3 procedures 2 times a week.

Percussion massage

In the course of percussion exposure, various effects are achieved.

Among them are:

elimination of sputum;

improvement of blood circulation;

releasing tension from the muscles that are involved in the breathing process.

Percussion massage for bronchial asthma

Massaging is performed in a sitting or lying position. The masseur puts his hand on the chest. The fist of the second hand is tapped on the palm.

Before the procedure, a classic massage session can be performed. Then strikes are made in the area under the collarbones, the lower arch of the ribs, between the shoulder blades. At the end of the procedure, the chest is compressed.

The session lasts no longer than 10 minutes. Therapy is carried out 3 times a day at the initial stage. After that, the number of procedures is reduced to one per day for two weeks.

Additional techniques

Classical and other massage techniques for adults and children, which have been described above, are highly specialized. This suggests that such procedures can only be carried out by a person with a special education. There are methods that relate to additional types of massage therapy. They can be performed by anyone without professional training.

Acupressure

Acupressure for bronchial asthma is distinguished by a selective effect on various areas. During the procedure, the massage therapist marks the points for massaging.

Acupressure for bronchial asthma in children

The areas on which pressure is applied are responsible for the occurrence of seizures and complications. If the sites are chosen correctly, you can reduce the symptoms of the disease and prevent attacks.

There are three groups of points that are responsible for a person's condition with bronchial asthma:

point K 27;

point Lu 1;

point B 13.

Chinese acupressure is performed using:

The impact is carried out for 3-5 minutes. A person must clearly know where the points for impact are located.

Massaging brushes

Massage of the hands with bronchial asthma

Brushes are responsible for the work of all internal organs. They are located areas, when exposed to which you can normalize the functioning of a particular organ.

Before starting the procedure, it is imperative to warm up the palms and hands. For these purposes, massage oil, cream, softening the surface of the skin is used. With light stroking and pressing movements, the brush is massaged for several minutes.

Then, an impact is made on certain points that are responsible for the functioning of the organs of the respiratory system. In bronchial asthma, massage is performed in areas where the middle and ring fingers connect. Also, the impact is on the points between the thumb and forefinger. In this case, you need to strive for the base of the thumb.

The session lasts five to ten minutes. At the end of the pressure, the areas are stroked. Then the brush must be rubbed.

In addition to the brushes, massaging is carried out in the area of \u200b\u200bthe feet. In this case, acupressure is carried out on certain areas on the soles of the feet. If a person cannot contact a massage therapist, it is necessary to learn the massage technique using video tutorials.

Cupping massage is especially effective. In this case, banks are attached to certain areas responsible for bronchial asthma.

Massage is an excellent aid in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system. However, it should not be used as primary therapy. In addition to medication, the doctor prescribes massage procedures. It is better if they are carried out by a specialist. In the absence of such, acupressure can be found while watching training videos.

Segmental massage for bronchial asthma

Segmental massage has a positive effect on lung diseases, in particular bronchial asthma. Massage is recommended in the period between attacks in order to normalize breathing, prevent emphysematous changes, stop attacks, reduce their frequency and severity, activate the diaphragm and produce a general strengthening effect. In case of bronchial asthma, a positive result is achieved by supplementing therapeutic massage with breathing.
It is best to massage in the morning. During the day - 2-3 hours after eating, and in the evening 2 hours after a light dinner, but 2-3 hours before bedtime.

Basics of segmental massage

Since the human body is an integral system, the disease of one organ leads to disruption of the whole organism.
Reflex changes caused by the pathological process occur in various tissues of the body, that is, with diseases of the internal organs, the sensitivity of certain areas of the skin increases and hyperesthesia (pain when touched) occurs. This fact was established in the 19th century. G. A. Zakharyin and the Englishman Ged, and the reflex segments (areas) discovered by them were called Zakharyin-Ged zones.

The layout of the spinal cord segments: C1-C8 - 8 cervical; D1-D12 - 12 chest; L1-L5 - 5 lumbar; S1-S5 - 5 sacral

Observations have shown that, in addition to pain, stretching, sweating or fever in a certain area, etc. appear on the skin. As a result of research, it was found that the body consists of several identical segments, each of which is supplied with a spinal nerve, which, in in turn, is associated with a specific area of the skin.
The diagram shows that the Zakharyin-Ged zones are located both on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the body. In some diseases of the internal organs, they coincide, for example, in diseases of the heart and lungs, duodenum, liver, etc. Sometimes, in diseases of one organ, the Zakharyin-Ged zones are located at a considerable distance from each other. There is a rather complex relationship between the internal organs and the central nervous system, and this fact explains the fact that some organs correspond to one zone, and others to two or more.
In addition, segmental-reflex changes occur in accordance with the anatomical relationships in the tissues and occur in the part of the body in which the diseased organ is located. Therefore, with secondary complications and the spread of the pathological process to other organs, the segmentation rule is violated.
Segmental massage is considered a kind of therapeutic, because it uses slightly modified basic techniques of classical massage. However, even if you resorted to the help of a qualified massage therapist, you should first consult a doctor.

Technique for performing segmental massage techniques

Since we are talking about varieties of massage for bronchial asthma, this chapter will describe only those techniques that are used for this disease.
Any massage begins with stroking. Segmental massage is no exception. Planar segmental stroking with both hands begins with a segment below the zone with violations. During the reception, the hands are placed parallel to each other towards the cervical vertebra and stroking is performed first on one side, and then on the other with increased pressure on the corresponding segments.

Technique for performing planar segmental stroking

"Saw" is another stroking technique. The technique for doing it is quite simple. The hands are positioned so that the thumbs and forefingers are spread apart and are on both sides of the spine. A skin roller is formed between the hands, which rolls when performing sawing movements carried out in opposite directions. Massage is carried out from the bottom up. In this case, you need to pay attention to the fact that the hands do not slide over the skin, but move along with it.

Technique for performing the “saw” technique

"Fork" is one of the main techniques of segmental massage, which can be performed with or without weights. When it is performed, the index and middle fingers are placed on both sides of the spinal column and then, with the pads of both fingers, sliding rectilinear movements are made from the bottom up from the sacrum to the seventh cervical vertebra.
Hatching with a "fork" - a kind of "fork" technique - is performed with the pads of the index and middle fingers located on both sides of the spinal column. The fingers move up and down with the displacement of the skin, usually with weights. The impact is made on each segment of the zone.
A circular movement with a “fork” is another type of “fork”. Reception is usually performed with weights. When it is performed, alternately with the pads of the index and middle fingers located on both sides of the spinal column, circular movements are made in the direction from the bottom up. The impact on the gap between the spinous processes of the vertebrae is made in the position of the patient sitting or lying down. Reception is performed by the terminal phalanges of the index and middle fingers, located so that the spinous process of the vertebra is between the four fingers, forming a cruciform fold.

Technique for influencing the spaces between the spinous processes of the vertebrae

Fingertips make circular movements in opposite directions, first below and then above the processes. Each segment is massaged for 4–5 s. The spaces between the spinous processes can be affected by the thumbs and forefingers of both hands.
Pressing deep into the tissues is done with the pads of the thumbs, and the pressure weakens towards the end of the reception. When performing the reception, the brush is located along the spinal column. Pressing can be carried out with the thumbs of the right hand with weights on the left, with the thumbs of both hands, or with a fist.
The double ring forceps technique is used on the muscles of the neck, especially those that are very tense. The technique for performing this technique is described in the part of the chapter that is devoted to classical massage.
The impact on the periscapular region is performed first on the region of the right scapula with all fingers, except for the thumb, with which small rubbing is performed from the place of attachment of the latissimus dorsi muscle towards the outer lower edge of the scapula. After that, the muscles are rubbed with the thumb along the inner edge of the scapula to the shoulder level, and then the upper edge of the trapezius muscle is rubbed and kneaded to the back of the head. The left scapula is first rubbed with the thumb from the place of attachment of the latissimus dorsi muscle, reaching along the outer edge to the lower angle of the scapula, and then with all the other fingers they make circular movements, massaging the inner edge of the scapula to the back of the head.

Technique of impact on the periscapular region

After massaging the area of the shoulder blades, they act on the tissues under the shoulder blade. To do this, the right hand is placed under the shoulder joint, and the left hand is placed on the area located near the lower edge of the scapula, and with the right hand the scapula is shifted onto the fingers of the left hand, which knead the subscapular region.

Chest Stretching Technique

Stretching the chest is necessary to activate breathing. The reception begins with the classic stroking and rubbing of the intercostal spaces. Then, during the inhalation of the massaged, the massage therapist moves his hands to the spine, and on exhalation - to the sternum. Without stopping at the moment of deep exhalation, the massage therapist performs compression of the chest. For the rhythmic execution of the reception, the massage therapist needs to monitor the patient's breathing, giving the command "Inhale!" and "Exhale!"

Guidelines for segmental reflex massage

Segmental massage has its own characteristics and, of course, its own methodology and rules. Massage can be performed only if you have knowledge of anatomy, physiology and the ability to identify reflex changes in tissues in various pathologies and take them into account when choosing techniques, techniques for performing and dosing effects.
Before performing a massage, you should carefully examine the skin of the massaged person visually, using palpation and questioning. It is necessary to study the conclusions of doctors and find out the presence of contraindications. Massage techniques are carried out rhythmically, but without rough effort. When performing it, lubricants are not used, as they dull the sensitivity.
Massage begins with areas adjacent to the affected area, gradually increasing the impact. After the procedures, the massaged person should have reddened and warmer skin, a feeling of relaxation and pain should decrease.

Reflex changes in bronchial asthma

Reflex changes are localized in the following areas and their corresponding segments:
1. Muscular changes: trapezius (C4-3), rhomboid major (D7-6, D3), infraspinatus (D4-3), intercostal (D9-6), rhomboid major (D7-6, D4-3), pectoralis major (D4–3), splenius capitis (C3), sternocleidomastoid (C3).
2. Changes in the skin: in the sternum (D4–2), in the area of the costal arches in front (D10–8) and behind (D10–8), above the collarbones (C4) and under the collarbones (D2), under the shoulder blades (D3– 2).
3. Changes in the connective tissue: in the occipital region of the head (C3), in the sternum (D5–2), to the left and right of the sternum (D4–3), between the shoulder blades and the spine (D5–3), to the right and left of the spine (D9–3), under the collarbones (D2).
4. Changes in the periosteum: in the region of the clavicle, sternum, ribs, shoulder blades, spinous processes of the spine.

Reflex changes: 1 - skin; 2 - connective tissue; 3 - muscle tissue

The maximum points are located on the roller of the trapezius muscle, under the collarbones, at the edges of the ribs.

Massage technique in the treatment of bronchial asthma

When performing a massage, the patient assumes a sitting position and relaxes the muscles. Massage is started from the exit point of the segmental roots at the spinal column, moving from the lower segments to the higher ones. At the same time, tension is eliminated first in the upper layers, and then in deep tissues. To achieve the maximum effect, all movements are directed towards the spinal column, and the impact on the maximum points accelerates the achievement of the therapeutic result. During massage, such techniques as “fork”, shading with a “fork”, circular movement with a “fork”, impact on the gaps between the spinous processes of the vertebrae are used.
First of all, massage actions begin with stroking and light rubbing of the back, special attention should also be paid to the shoulder girdle. The main place of massage is the area between the sixth and ninth intercostal space. When massaging the seals of the intercostal spaces, pain in the region of the heart may occur. In this case, you should massage the lower left edge of the chest, and the discomfort will disappear.
Then massage the back of the neck, the front and side of the chest for 2-3 minutes. The greatest effect is given by stretching the chest. Particular attention should be paid to inhalation and squeezing. After that, the muscles of the back, the back of the neck, the intercostal space and the suprascapular region are selectively affected for 8-10 minutes. The duration of the entire procedure is no more than 20 minutes. Finish the segmental reflex massage, like any other type of massage, with a soothing stroke.
After the massage, the temperature of the skin rises, blood circulation improves, the functioning of the excretory system, nutrition of muscles and connective tissues, pain decreases, vegetative restructuring occurs.
Segmental massage is contraindicated in case of pulmonary heart failure of the III degree, acute diseases of the lungs and bronchi (pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis, etc.), pulmonary tuberculosis, purulent skin diseases and neoplasms.

Intensive massage of asymmetric zones

There are two options for performing this type of massage. But in both cases, the course consists of 3-5 sessions of 30-40 minutes each, which are carried out at intervals of 3-5 days. Intensive massage is contraindicated for people with pulmonary heart disease III degree, hypertension stage II-III, acute diseases of the lungs and bronchi (bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.).
When performing a massage, four massaged areas are distinguished: two from the side of the chest and two on the back. They are massaged alternately 2 times. Begin massage from the lower areas. In the first variant, the projection areas of the lower parts of the lung are massaged, performing kneading, rubbing and intermittent vibrations. Then sequentially massage the left half of the chest in front, lumbar region, back to the left edge of the scapula and the surface of the left scapula. In the second variant, the projection areas of the lower lobe of the left lung and the upper lobe of the right lung are massaged.

Percussion massage

It is known that the respiratory tract is equipped with a variety of receptors that function as a feedback between the respiratory center and the ventilation apparatus. In the process of breathing, proprioceptors of the intercostal muscles are of great importance. Therefore, the massage of the respiratory muscles leads to an increase in the contraction of the intercostal muscles, and the receptors of the musculo-articular apparatus of the chest send impulses to the respiratory center along the ascending pathways of the spinal cord. The percussion massage technique relieves fatigue of the respiratory muscles, improves bronchopulmonary ventilation, blood circulation, sputum discharge and normalizes respiratory functions.
Percussion massage is performed with the patient sitting or lying down. To perform it, a brush is placed on the chest with the palmar surface, and rhythmic punches are applied to it.
First, a chest massage is performed, and then a back massage. In the chest area, blows are applied in the subclavian region and at the lower costal arch, on the back - in the suprascapular, interscapular and subscapular regions. All strikes are carried out on symmetrical areas.

Percussion massage technique

Before and after percussion massage, rubbing of the chest and back is performed. Then, 2-3 blows are performed in each area, after which the chest is compressed. At the same time, the masseur's hands are located on the lower lateral section, closer to the diaphragm. During the patient's inhalation, the masseur makes a sliding movement of his hands along the intercostal muscles to the spine, and during exhalation - to the sternum. Towards the end of the exhalation, the chest is compressed. This technique is carried out several times within 2-3 minutes. In order for the patient's breathing to be rhythmic, it is recommended that the massage therapist give the “Inhale” and “Exhale” commands.
Compression of the chest irritates the receptors of the alveoli, the roots of the lung and the pleura, which creates conditions for increasing the excitability of the respiratory center and active inspiration.
To activate breathing, you can perform a classic therapeutic preliminary massage of the back, chest, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, sternocleidomastoid muscles before percussion massage, paying special attention to kneading techniques.
The duration of percussion massage is 5-10 minutes. With bronchial asthma, it is carried out for 10-15 days. In the first days, it is performed 2-3 times a day, and in the subsequent days - once (preferably in the morning).

Periosteal massage

The periosteal massage method was proposed in 1929 by Paul Vogler and Herbert Krauss. They revealed the relationship between the violation of trophic processes in the internal organs and tissues of the segments associated with them, and especially the bones. Based on their observations, Vogler and Krauss proposed to act locally directly on the periosteum (periosteum) in order to improve the trophism of bone tissue and related internal organs.
In some diseases, reflex changes are observed on the periosteum - such as seals, thickenings, tissue degeneration, accompanied by sharp pain, especially when pressed; various rashes, irregularities, roughness on the ribs, tibial crest, iliac crests, sacrum, collarbones, etc.
Before proceeding with the massage, it is necessary to carefully palpate the area to be massaged, identifying and fixing the most painful areas. After that, acupressure manipulations are performed on the identified pathological area of the periosteum. Massage techniques are performed with the terminal phalanx of the I or III fingers, making rotational movements (2–4 mm in diameter) for 1–5 minutes. without taking your finger off the point. In one session, no more than 4-5 points are processed, choosing the most painful of them. Massage, as a rule, is carried out every other day, over and over again increasing the number of points of influence up to 14–18. The strength of the impact is increased gradually, depending on the reaction of the patient.
In cases where the patient experiences discomfort during the massage, the angle of inclination of the finger should be changed. In case of painful sensations when pressing on the point, it is necessary to move the point of influence to a distance of 1-2 mm from this one and continue the massage. With a properly performed massage, soreness in the massaged area will decrease from session to session.
The reaction to massage is the appearance of compaction and swelling on the massaged area, which disappear with time. Periosteal massage can be combined with other types of massage - classical, acupressure, segmental reflex, etc.
With bronchial asthma massage the back and chest area. When massaging periosteal points in the chest area, each pressure should be performed only on the exhalation of the person being massaged, which significantly improves the therapeutic effect.

Chapter 4

Those types of massage that came to us from the East and which we call non-traditional have more than one thousand years. In ancient China, massage was used to treat rheumatism, dislocations, muscle spasms already in the third millennium BC. In ancient India, massage was combined with a steam bath, and in Egypt it was popular with all segments of the population. Massage was originally known as a remedy and was part of the medical art. In the famous ancient Indian treatise Ayurveda, massage techniques for various diseases are described in detail. Nowadays, Indian foot massage is very popular in the countries of the East and the West.
According to yoga, the legs can be called a switchboard. Up to 72 thousand nerve endings are concentrated on the sole, through which the body is connected with the external environment. The feet are reflexively connected with the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and other organs, and their projections are interconnected at the level of higher nerve (vegetative) centers. You can act on any organ if you know the corresponding zone or point on the sole.
In ancient China, the foundations of preventive medicine were laid. The theoretical foundation of traditional Chinese medicine is the philosophy of Taoism and its theory of yin-yang. Its concept first appeared in the I Ching (Book of Changes) around the 6th century BC. BC e. The first systematic book on traditional Chinese medicine is Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen Ling Shu (Treatise on the Inner Emperor Huang Di), which was written at the beginning of the 3rd century BC. BC e. In it, on the basis of more than two thousand years of experience, the knowledge of ancient doctors was systematized. Around the same time, a finger, or point, massage method - zhen - arose and quickly gained popularity in countries located on the territory of modern China, Korea, Mongolia and Japan, and in the 8th century. was officially recognized.
The essence of acupressure is reduced to mechanical irritation of small areas of the skin surface, called biologically active points, which house a large number of nerve endings. Acupressure has a lot in common with acupuncture, since the same points are used when pricked with a needle or applied with a finger. Its wide distribution is explained by the simplicity of the technique of performing techniques and the possibility of using it as first aid and together with medical therapy.

Indian massage

Indian massage, or foot massage, has been used for thousands of years in India and other countries of the East. Yogis consider the feet to be a switchboard, by acting on the corresponding points of which, one can influence the entire body.
A mass of skin receptors and 72,000 nerve endings are concentrated on the sole. The feet are connected with the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and other internal organs, since the projections of the internal organs and higher nerve centers on them coincide.
Foot massage is performed in a lying or sitting position. The main thing is to completely relax all muscle groups. First, a general foot massage is performed. It is stroked, rubbed, slightly pressed in the direction from the heel to the fingers and back. Then they sip each finger and squeeze the foot from the sides with two palms. After that, they proceed to the massage of certain reflex zones.
This type of massage is performed with the pad of the thumb (sometimes middle) finger. To do this, the finger is pressed against the massaged area and movements are performed that resemble rubbing and kneading. The reception of pressure on the reflex zone is very good. The feet are massaged one by one. In conclusion, the foot is stroked again and the fingers and ankle are rotated. After finishing the massage, the feet can be lubricated with warm oil, softening cream or healing ointment.
With pulmonary diseases, in particular with bronchial asthma, a classic massage is first done. Massage the chest, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, muscles of the back and neck. Then chest compressions are performed. Indian massage is carried out as the final stage.

Reflex zones of foot soles massage in case of pulmonary diseases

First, the right foot is massaged, and then the left. On the foot, 5 reflex zones are treated in the order indicated in the figure. Then massage the lateral surfaces of the feet. First the first zone, and then the second.

Reflex zones for massage of the lateral surfaces of the feet in pulmonary diseases

During the massage, you can use various heated oils that soften the skin or have a healing effect.

Massage of the reflex zones of the hands

This type of massage also belongs to a variety of ancient oriental healing techniques and is additional to the main classical massage. It can be performed independently and repeatedly during the day.
All the internal organs of a person are projected onto the hands. By pressing on a certain point, you can influence the organ that is projected into it.
Massage of the brushes is performed in a lying or sitting position using oils and creams. First, rub the entire palm, then each finger individually in the direction from the tip to the base. Then they knead the entire palmar surface, starting from the inner edge (the base of the thumb) to the base of the palm, moving to the outer edge along the midline of the palm and then from the fingers to the wrist. Having finished the main massage of the palm, you can begin the treatment. The lungs, pharynx and larynx correspond to: on the right hand, zones 26 and 9; on the left - 16 and 6. So, you need to massage them. At the end of the procedure, rub and stroke the entire brush. Massage duration can take from 5 to 10 minutes.

Topography of reflex zones on a human hand (a - right hand; b - left hand):
a: 1 - paranasal sinuses; 2 - hearing; 3 - nervous system; 4 - vision; 5 - thymus; 6 - adrenal glands; 7 - kidney; 8 - stomach; 9 - pharynx, larynx; 10 - epiphysis; 11 - pituitary gland; 12 - brain; 13 - neck; 14 - colon; 15 - spine; 16 - genitals; 17 - lumbosacral region; 18 - testicle; 19 - joints of the lower limb; 20 - bladder; 21 - intestines; 22 - appendix; 23 - gallbladder; 24 - liver; 25 - joints of the upper limb; 26 - lungs; 27 - ears; 28 - hemorrhoids; 29 - pancreas; 30 - thyroid gland;
b: 1 - paranasal sinuses; 2 - nervous system; 3 - nervous system; 4 - pituitary gland; 5 - epiphysis; 6 - pharynx, larynx; 7 - stomach; 8 - thymus; 9 - vision; 10 - vision; 11 - brain; 12 - spine; 13 - thyroid gland; 14 - hemorrhoids; 15 - genitals; 16 - lungs; 17 - adrenal glands; 18 - joints of the upper limb; 19 - heart; 20 - pancreas; 21 - spleen; 22 - intestines; 23 - bladder; 24 - joints of the lower limb; 25 - testicle; 26 - lumbosacral region; 27 - colon; 28 - ears

Massage for bronchial asthma is a technique that is approved by both doctors and adherents of traditional medicine. Patients like this method of treatment more than breathing exercises or special physical education.

It is not possible to completely cure asthma, but, despite this, it is possible to alleviate its course with the help of medical procedures. Massage has a general strengthening effect, it is prescribed for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

The best results can be achieved if it is used in combination with drug therapy, herbal remedies and exercise therapy.

The physiotherapy procedure has a good effect on the body of an asthmatic and helps to reduce the frequency of asthma attacks.

Massage of the chest, as well as other parts of the body for adults and children with bronchial asthma, is prescribed to normalize the respiratory process. This is very important, because during the disease, the patient's airways narrow, and the flow of oxygen into the body decreases.

In addition, treatment and prevention through massage strengthens the body's defenses, improves blood circulation and muscle condition.

Indications and contraindications

Carrying out massage procedures is indicated for patients with intermittent and persistent course of the disease. This type of therapy is also indicated for patients with complications of asthma.

Asthma and any massage are incompatible during an exacerbation of the disease. When asthma attacks occur frequently and are very difficult, then emergency assistance is required, while massage actions can only aggravate the patient's condition.

With a mild stage of asthma, the procedure is carried out in case of the appearance of precursors of an attack in order to improve the condition or eliminate the risk of developing suffocation.

Contraindications are also:

tuberculosis;
blood diseases;
malignant neoplasms.

Relative contraindications are pustular skin diseases, heart and lung failure, circulatory disorders.

Types of massage

Massages for bronchial asthma are divided into several types. One or another option is selected depending on the nature of the course of the disease.

The following massage techniques are applicable for asthma:

segmental;
classical;
point;
intensive;
periosteal;
percussion.

Most techniques are based on the use of such techniques:

stroking;
easy kneading;
grinding;
vibration actions;
blows.

classic look

Massage for asthma involves massaging the patient lying on his back. First, the muscles are warmed up by stroking actions, while the direction should be from the abdomen and sides to the armpits.

After the warm-up activities, they proceed to the kneading process. Such actions should be carried out carefully, bypassing the mammary glands. Next, the pectoral muscles, subclavian cavities are kneaded with the second phalanges of the fingers, while the movements should be circular. Intercostal spaces are developed with fingers, moving in a straight line or zigzag.

Then they begin to knead the collar zone and the trapezius muscle. A person needs to roll over on his stomach. The principle is the same: first warm up the muscles, then actively massage.

The large muscles of the back are kneaded with pinching movements. Particular attention is paid to intervertebral, intercostal spaces. They should be kneaded with fingertips, moving in a straight line.

After that, the person returns to the starting position, after which the chest is developed. The final step is stroking it.

Segmental

This type of massage for people with bronchial asthma is significantly different from the previous one. The technique is based on the theory of the reflex relationship of the skin with organs, which states that when performing segmental techniques, a general strengthening effect is provided.

Massage is performed with the patient sitting or standing. It is important that the back is straight. Before starting the procedure, the doctor must determine which segments will be warmed up.

The principle of movement is from the lower back and chest. When using segmental technique, the following actions are applied:

planar stroking;
sliding the index and middle fingers along the spine from the lower back to the vertebrae of the cervical region;
the specialist rolls a fold of skin along the spine with thumbs and forefingers, imitating the movements of a saw;
rubbing of the skin and muscles. One palm is placed on the shoulder blade, while the other is on the opposite side, on the lower back. Oncoming movements are performed with a small application of force.

When performing this procedure, you need to actively knead the shoulder area and intercostal spaces.

Intensive

This type of massage for manifestations of bronchial asthma is preferred if there are contraindications to other similar procedures. To do this, a person needs to lie on his back.

Kneading starts from the bottom of the chest. You need to massage each side separately. Next, move on to kneading the upper chest. Then the patient needs to roll over on his stomach to knead the lumbar region and shoulder blades.

percussion

This type of massage for asthma requires special skills from the massage therapist. The patient can sit or lie down. Before carrying out the procedure, you should warm up the muscles with rubbing movements, paying more attention to the chest.

The principle of percussion technique: the specialist acts on the surface of the back by tapping his fist through the second hand. The result of such actions is the contraction of the muscles of the chest.

The masseur makes strokes from the ribs to the spinal column when a person inhales, while exhaling, the manipulation is carried out in the opposite direction.

Thanks to such actions, the intercostal muscles contract better, fatigue is relieved, blood flow is normalized and sputum is easily discharged.

periosteal

This massage, used in bronchial asthma, has an effect due to the activation of the points of the periosteum (periosteum) of the clavicles associated with the respiratory system.

The patient assumes a supine position. First, the specialist probes the clavicles to find the right points.

During the application of this technique, fingers make circular movements in place. Several active points are activated in one session.

This procedure is carried out every two days with a gradual increase in the number of points. If unbearable pain occurs when exposed, the pressing force should be reduced and the fingers slightly moved.

dotted

Such a manipulation is carried out if there is a feeling that an asthma attack begins. When exposed to points, the bronchi expand, breathing improves.

Let's pay attention to the points that help alleviate the symptoms in the diagnosis of "asthma":

between the sternum and collarbone;
on the sternum below the collarbone;
between the spine and shoulder blades;
under the thumb on the crook of the hand;
between thumb and palm.

The principle of acupressure is the performance of kneading, pressing, stroking, rubbing, pushing and vibration movements. A similar procedure can be done independently, so there are no contraindications and the risk of harm.

Features of massage for children with asthma

Massage of any type for bronchial asthma in children is carried out taking into account the well-being and age of the baby. Babies can be put in any position, it is also allowed to sit him on his knees. It is better for students to bend over or get on all fours.

The massage technique for bronchial asthma is selected individually, but it is important to act in stages:

Stroking should be done with palms on the back, starting from the hips.
Rubbing is done with palms along the back sharply, in opposite movements.
To warm up the shoulder blades, circular motions are used. After that, stroking the hands in the direction from below to the armpits is performed.
Grabbing the child with your hands, you need to connect your fingers on your stomach. Palms should slide along the stomach up to the spine. The reverse is also done.
Stroke the shoulders, shoulder blades and neck area, reaching the head, then in the opposite direction.
To do cross rubbing, you should cover the right shoulder blade with your right hand, put the other hand on the right side of the lower back. Circular movements should be done quickly, with little pressure.
Movements reminiscent of kneading dough. Folding your palms like a boat, you should perform pats on the chest.
The edges of the brushes make quick chopping movements.
With half-open fists, the chest is beaten, evenly passing over its entire surface.
To carry out the vibration procedure, the massage therapist stands behind the child, puts his fingers between the ribs, presses and makes vibrating movements with his hands.
The thumbs are at the spine, while the rest are on the lower back. Fingers move in the direction of the neck with finger movements.
Twisting actions are performed between the shoulder blades. The skin fold is grasped with two fingers and pulled to the sides, trying to connect.

How to do self-massage

Ideally, the patient should be massaged by a qualified specialist, but there are situations when it becomes necessary to help oneself.

Doctors say that an asthmatic should be aware of how to do self-massage for bronchial asthma in order to alleviate their condition.

You can reduce the frequency and intensity of attacks if you massage the neck and shoulders. Such a massage with bronchial asthma has a general strengthening effect. It also normalizes the work of the respiratory muscles and improves the mobility of the ribs.

Due to self-massage, you can relax and get rid of feelings of anxiety. For best results, listening to soothing music during the session is recommended.

The sequence of self-massage looks like this:

rub the chest, intercostal spaces and the sternum area;
massage the collar zone;
knead the trapezius dorsal and cervical muscles;
massage the anterior surface of the neck and chest muscles.

The last stage of self-massage is simple therapeutic exercises or breathing exercises.

Important nuances

During a massage session, an infant or a young child is required to be laid on their knees, older children are placed on a chair.
The duration of the first massage treatments is a maximum of 15 minutes.
We must not forget that young patients have fragile bones. It is important to calculate the strength in advance.
If the child resists at the time of the massage for asthma, then it is worth suspending or rescheduling the procedure.
The doctor recommends performing some massage techniques on your own at home, subject to individual prescriptions.
Parents of sick children can learn how to perform medical procedures at home. In order to prevent massage, it is enough to do it several times a month.

Finally

Massage is not a separate method of treatment, but only auxiliary. Control of its effectiveness is carried out by the attending physician.

At an early stage of the development of the disease, it is enough to carry out up to six sessions. If a severe form of the disease is diagnosed, then approximately 20 massages will be required.

In each case, the doctor prescribes a certain type of procedures, their number and frequency. Usually, for the correct massage, the help of a highly qualified specialist is required.

Manifestations of bronchial asthma - an infectious-allergic disease - sporadic asthma attacks, the cause of which is the narrowing of the lumen of the small bronchi. Spasms, accompanied by copious secretion of mucus, lead to the fact that the lumen in the bronchi narrows sharply, making it difficult to breathe. Due to the fact that the air in the lungs begins to linger, it stretches the alveoli, reducing inhalation and disproportionately increasing exhalation. As a rule, asthma attacks are provoked by allergen substances: microelements contained in hay, flowers, some paints, medicinal and cosmetic preparations, and foodstuffs.

In addition, attacks of bronchial asthma may be the result of a violation of the interaction of segments of the nervous system associated with the smooth muscles of the bronchi. In particular, increased excitability of the nervous system entails reflex spasms of the bronchi and bronchioles.

For patients suffering from bronchial asthma, doctors have developed a special massage complex. It stimulates a reflex that expands the bronchi and deepens breathing.

The best time to perform a massage is in the morning an hour or two after breakfast. You can start massage immediately after stopping the inflammatory process.

Starting position massaged: lying on the stomach or sitting. The sequence of massage (from the chest to the back) is as follows:

♦ stroking the chest along the lower, middle and upper parts in the direction from the sternum to the back and to the armpit (4 times);

♦ squeezing with the base of the palm and the tubercle of the thumb along four or five lines, bypassing the nipple (5 times);

♦ ordinary kneading of the pectoralis major muscle (4 times);

♦ kneading the pectoral muscle with the pads of four fingers (4 times);

♦ shaking the pectoral muscle (3 times);

♦ stroking the pectoral muscle (3 times).

♦ stroking the back (5 times);

♦ squeezing the long muscles of the back with the base of the palm (4 times);

♦ kneading the long muscles of the back with the base of the palm (5 times);

♦ stroking the broad muscles of the back (4 times);

♦ squeezing the broad muscles of the back (4 times);

♦ squeezing the broad muscles of the back (3 times);

♦ kneading the broad muscles of the back (6 times);

♦ shaking the broad muscles of the back (3 times);

♦ stroking the broad muscles of the back (3 times).

The next block of techniques is carried out strictly in compliance with the longitudinal movement along the ribs:

♦ rectilinear rubbing of the intercostal spaces with the pads of four fingers (3 times);

♦ zigzag rubbing of the intercostal spaces with the pads of four fingers (3 times);

♦ circular rubbing of the intercostal spaces with the pads of four fingers (3 times);

♦ combined stroking (2 times), alternating the three above methods;

♦ squeezing the long muscle of the back (6 times);

♦ kneading the long back muscle with the base of the palm (4 times);

♦ forceps kneading the long back muscle (4 times);

♦ squeezing the long back muscle with the edge of the palm (4 times);

♦ ordinary kneading of the broad muscles of the back (4 times);

♦ double circular kneading of the broad muscles of the back (4 times);

♦ shaking the broad muscles of the back (4 times);

♦ all types of rubbing the intercostal spaces (3 times);

♦ squeezing and kneading the long and wide muscles of the back (4 times each);

♦ stroking the entire back;

♦ alternating stroking of the neck and shoulder girdle (4 times);

♦ transverse squeezing of the neck and shoulder girdle (4 times);

♦ ordinary kneading of the neck and shoulder girdle (4 times);

♦ double circular kneading of the neck and shoulder girdle (4 times);

♦ squeezing the neck and shoulder girdle with the edge of the palm (4 times);

♦ stroking the neck and shoulder girdle (4 times on each side). The complex is worked out three times.

Now you can move on to the thoracic spine. To conduct the reception, the masseur stands along the patient lying on his stomach and lays the thumbs of both hands on the sides of his spine. The sequence of steps is as follows:

♦ rectilinear rubbing up to the neck (4 times);

♦ spiral rubbing with thumb pads (7 times);

♦ circular rubbing (turning to face the patient) with the pads of four fingers from the spinal column to the shoulder blades (7 times);

♦ successive stroking (7 times), squeezing (6 times), rubbing with the pads of the 2nd and 3rd fingers (7 times) the area longitudinal to the spine, in the direction from the pelvis to the neck;

♦ squeezing the entire back (4 times);

♦ kneading long and wide muscles of the back (4 times).