What is kyphoscoliosis and how is it treated. Kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine - features of a complex disease and methods of its treatment Can kyphoscoliosis cause severe pain

Orthopedist-traumatologist, surgeon of the first category, Research Institute, 2009

Often among the various pathologies of the spinal column, kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine occurs, which combines two diseases such as kyphosis and scoliosis, manifested simultaneously in the form of a curvature of the back back and sideways. Most often, pathology is observed in adolescent boys. If the disease is detected in adulthood, this indicates the progression of the disease, which was not cured in childhood.

The causes of the formation of the disease can be congenital developmental disorders, insufficient growth of bones and muscles, the presence of myopathy, paresis, rickets and other pathologies. At the same time, the deformation of the back is pronounced, it is often accompanied by a violation of the functioning of vital organs.

Kyphoscoliosis is a double distortion of the spine, in which its curvature occurs in the lateral and anteroposterior direction. This disease in medicine is common, it is usually diagnosed in adolescence. With a mild degree of damage, a person develops discomfort and back pain. In advanced cases, the disease leads to neurological disorders, disruption of the activity of organs and systems.

A healthy spinal column in humans has four natural curves: two forward and two back. This contributes to the exposure of vertical loads, maintaining balance and cushioning during movements. If the bending angle is greater than the prescribed one, they speak of kyphosis. A healthy spine does not have side bends, therefore, when it is bent to the side, they speak of the development of scoliosis. Kyphoscoliosis in adults and children is formed with the simultaneous development of kyphosis and scoliosis in the spine.

The disease can be presented in several forms:

The congenital form is characterized by the formation of the disease in the prenatal period due to the abnormal structure of the vertebrae or ribs;
The hereditary form, in which the pathology can be inherited through the generation, it is often associated with Scheuermann-Mau disease;
The acquired form is caused by the appearance of the disease as a result of incorrect posture, strong physical exertion, constant stress, injuries and injuries of the back, surgical intervention on the spine, cancerous tumors, as well as diseases of the muscles and the musculoskeletal system, and as a complication of certain infectious diseases (encephalitis, poliomyelitis and others);
Idiopathic kyphoscoliosis develops for unknown reasons. The disease is usually diagnosed between the ages of eleven and fifteen.

Idiopathic kyphoscoliosis

In medicine, it is customary to distinguish between left-sided and right-sided kyphoscoliosis, depending on which side the curvature is observed. Most often, kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine is diagnosed.

Causes of pathology

In the congenital form of the disease, in addition to deformation of the vertebrae, a malformation of the genitourinary system is observed in 30% of cases. This disease is detected six months after birth. In medicine, there are cases when a person was born with the third stage of pathology.

The main causes of the onset of the disease include:

Idiopathic kyphoscoliosis is diagnosed when doctors fail to identify the cause of the disease.

Stages of pathology formation

In medicine, there are several degrees of severity of the disease:

Kyphoscoliosis of the 1st degree is caused by the presence of an angle of anteroposterior curvature of up to fifty-five degrees and a slight lateral displacement of the vertebrae.
Kyphoscoliosis of the 2nd degree is characterized by a more noticeable lateral displacement and a bending angle of fifty-five to sixty-five degrees.
Kyphoscoliosis of the 3rd degree, in which the processes of deformation are irreversible. In this case, there is a curvature of the chest and the formation of a hump in the region of the ribs. The angle of curvature of the spine is from sixty-five to seventy-five degrees.
Kyphoscoliosis of the 4th degree of the thoracic spine is caused by a strong curvature of the column, pelvis and chest, which is accompanied by the development of a hump in front and behind. The angle of curvature of the spine is more than seventy-five degrees.

Idiopathic kyphoscoliosis grade 4 is characterized by the appearance of heart and lung failure.

Symptoms of the disease

Congenital kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine is detected at the age of six months. Here, in the sitting position of the child, you can see the processes of the vertebrae, which disappear when he lies down. With untimely treatment, the pathology will progress, by the age of five, kyphoscoliosis of the 4th degree develops. In the early stages of the development of the disease, the curvature of the spine will be visible only in a standing position, over time, the manifestation of the disease is more pronounced, the curvature can be seen in any position of the body. In half of the cases, the disease is accompanied by neurological symptoms. In a child, the susceptibility of the limbs is disturbed, they begin to go numb, paresis develops, there is a violation of posture, pain in the back, stoop. In the last stages of the disease, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract develop, shortness of breath appears, which can provoke respiratory failure. As the disease progresses, the heart, stomach, intestines, internal organs begin to shift, arthrosis and osteochondrosis develop.

In especially severe cases, there is the appearance of a hump, sexual dysfunction, urinary and fecal incontinence. A neglected disease often leads to disability.

With kyphoscoliosis, there is an increase in the spaces between the ribs on the side that is opposite to the curvature. With neurological complications, a decrease in reflexes is possible, which can cause the development of paralysis of the limbs.

Complications of the disease are disc protrusion, intervertebral hernia, arthrosis and myositis, compression of the spinal cord, restraint of chest mobility, impaired gas exchange, heart failure, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and the digestive system as a whole, cholecystitis, dyskinesia of the bile ducts, coxarthrosis.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis begins with a study of the anamnesis of the disease and examination of the patient. The doctor studies the time of manifestation of the first signs of pathology, the presence of congenital pathologies, injuries. On examination, the degree of development of the disease, impaired reflexes and sensitivity, areas with increased muscle tone and pain are established. To determine the degree of spinal deformity, the doctor uses a forward bend test.

After that, laboratory and instrumental methods are assigned for diagnosis. The patient is prescribed urine and blood tests, radiography in several projections, CT and MRI. It is mandatory to consult a neurologist, and examination by other specialists may also be required. Additional diagnostic methods are ultrasound, electrocardiogram and others.

Therapeutic measures

Treatment of kyphoscoliosis in adults and children can be carried out by several doctors, for example, an orthopedist and a neurologist. Treatment of pathology is surgical and conservative.

The main conservative methods of therapy are:

Surgical intervention is resorted to when the fourth stage of the disease is observed, complications that continue to progress, severe pain, disruption of the internal organs and systems.

During the operation, special bone or metal structures are installed in the vertebrae, to which special rods are attached to align the spine. With such a fixation of the spinal column, it loses its motor ability. After the operation, the doctor installs a cast or prescribes the wearing of a corset.

Forecast and prevention

The prognosis depends on the degree and speed of development of the pathology. Most often, idiopathic kyphoscoliosis of the 1st or 2nd degree is completely cured, the spine can be aligned. But this is in the case when the period of active growth of a person has not yet ended. In adulthood, the pathology cannot be completely eliminated. With the development of the last two stages of the disease, the prognosis will be unfavorable, since it is not possible to eliminate the deformation of the spinal column, it can only be stopped.

When treating a disease, it is important to carry out all therapeutic measures on time. A cure is possible when the child has not yet stopped growing.

Wearing a corset and therapeutic exercises give positive results in the treatment of cophoscoliosis, other methods of treatment perform auxiliary functions.

Prevention of the disease should consist in the timely detection of pathology. Only in this case it can be eliminated.

Parents who have Scheuermann-Mau disease need to carefully monitor the health of their children, since hereditary transmission of the pathology is not excluded. The presence of physical activity, proper posture, diet and lifestyle are also recommended.

1 degree is characterized by minimal lateral displacement. The curvature of the spine is carried out in the anteroposterior direction at an angle of 45° to 55°. Such a small pathology is almost invisible, but its treatment will be as effective as possible.

Treatment of kyphoscoliosis of the 1st degree can be done at the CELT clinic. Our experts emphasize that it is very important to start it in a timely manner, since in advanced stages the pathology can cause serious consequences associated with heart failure and respiratory dysfunction. If you want to know how grade 1 kyphoscoliosis is treated and want to be sure of its good results, contact the CELT clinic!

Causes

Thoracic kyphoscoliosis of the 1st degree occurs for various reasons. Very often this disease is observed in adolescents during the period when their body is intensively growing and developing. Other reasons for the appearance and development can be:

congenital pathologies that appeared during the period of intrauterine development of the fetus;
injuries of the spinal muscles and spine;
a number of serious diseases;
inflammatory processes occurring in the tissues of the osteoarticular system.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms of kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine of the 1st degree are manifested in the following:

the appearance of stoop;
shortness of breath that occurs during small physical exertion;
pain in the back;
numbness of the lower extremities;
fast fatiguability.

Speaking of congenital kyphoscoliosis, the following clinical manifestations can be distinguished, which become noticeable when the baby reaches the age of 6-12 months: a barely noticeable hump, which is visible when the child is in an upright position and becomes invisible when the child lies. This curvature becomes more persistent as the organism grows.

Diagnostics

Before starting to develop a plan for the treatment of kyphoscoliosis, our doctors conduct a comprehensive diagnostic examination, which allows you to accurately diagnose, identify the causes of the pathology and its consequences for the body. First of all, an examination is carried out by a specialist and an anamnesis is taken, after which the following studies are prescribed:

radiography;
Magnetic resonance imaging ;
CT scan ;
laboratory tests.

In the event that neurological disorders were detected during the diagnostic process, a consultation with a neurologist is prescribed. If there are symptoms indicating a malfunction of the internal organs, additional diagnostics and consultations are carried out with a urologist, cardiologist, gastroenterologist and pulmonologist.

Treatment

The specialists of the CELT clinic have a number of modern techniques that allow achieving excellent results in the treatment of kyphoscoliosis of the 1st degree. This is a conservative therapy that includes the following:

exercise therapy. Properly selected exercises allow you to form and strengthen the muscles that support the spine;
Corsetting. Individually selected orthopedic corsets and belts provide mechanical correction of the spine and allow you to develop the correct posture;
Physiotherapy. A number of procedures are aimed at eliminating pain and muscular dystrophy, as well as improving the circulation of lymph and blood in the body;
Massotherapy. This additional treatment method improves blood circulation, positively affects muscle plasticity and activates metabolic processes in them;
Medical treatment. Taking anti-inflammatory analgesics reduces or eliminates inflammation and relieves pain.

Getting rid of kyphoscoliosis in the early stages is possible with a timely visit to the CELT clinic!

The adult spine has four slight curves. They are called physiological. This structure provides cushioning of the body while jumping, running, walking. But sometimes physiological curves increase, the spine curves. A person develops orthopedic diseases, one of which is kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine.

Description of pathology

Kyphoscoliosis is a severe disease of the spine, which is characterized by a combination of lateral curvature (scoliosis) and anteroposterior (). Pathology is accompanied by severe pain and visible deformity of the thoracic region. In the initial stages, it looks like a stoop. Further progression leads to the formation of a hump, and sometimes more than one.

The displacement of the thoracic vertebrae provokes the development of disorders in the internal organs. The heart and lungs suffer the most. The patient develops shortness of breath, pulmonary insufficiency develops. Poor oxygen supply to the blood leads to dizziness, loss of sensation in the arms and legs.

Doctors usually use the term "kyphoscoliosis". But sometimes you can hear "combined deformation of the lateral and anteroposterior bend" or "Scheuermann's disease - May."

Symptoms and treatment of kyphoscoliosis - video

Types of pathology

In medicine, several classifications are accepted. So, depending on the period of onset of the disease, the following forms of kyphoscoliosis are distinguished:

Congenital. Doctors explain his appearance by violations in fetal development. The first symptoms in the form of a slight deformation in the spinal zone are most often noticed when the baby reaches 6 months. Congenital pathology is quite aggressive and can progress rapidly.
Youthful. This form of the disease develops in adolescents aged 13–16 years. Initially, one pathology is formed, either scoliosis or kyphosis. And then the second type of curvature joins it.
In adults. The occurrence of the disease is associated with diseases occurring in the body, injuries. In addition, kyphoscoliosis can develop in older people over 60 years of age, against the background of age-related changes in the intervertebral tissues.

Analyzing the lateral curvature, the pathology is classified as:

left-sided;
right-sided.

Kyphoscoliosis develops in the following parts of the spine:

chest - the most common pathology;
lumbar.

It is in these areas that the physiological curves of the spine are localized, which most often bear the load.

Depending on the causes of the disease, kyphoscoliosis is classified into:

rachitic;
rheumatic;
paralytic;
tuberculosis;
compression.

Sometimes kyphoscoliosis develops for no apparent reason. They call it idiopathic. Most often, this curvature occurs in children aged 13-15 years.

Degrees of the disease

To assess the severity of disorders in the spine, doctors classify kyphoscoliosis into the following degrees:

The displacement of the vertebrae relative to the central axis is insignificant. The angle of curvature (with normal physiological at 45 degrees) does not exceed 55 degrees. At the first degree, the symptoms are mild. Increased fatigue is observed, shortness of breath appears after exertion. You can only notice a slight curvature on close inspection. Violations appear as a slight asymmetry of the vertical axis.
The curvature is more noticeable. The deformation angle can reach 65 degrees. The asymmetry is quite noticeable if you look at the back of an evenly standing patient. Shortness of breath is accompanied by pain in the back, a deterioration in sensitivity in the limbs is periodically observed.
Irreversible processes are taking place in the spine. The deformation exceeds an angle of 65 degrees. The lungs are strongly compressed by the ribs, due to which shortness of breath increases, pains in the heart appear, disturbances occur in the vascular system. Against the background of deformity, the patient stoops strongly. He is starting to develop a rib hump.
The deformation is pronounced. Curvature covers not only the ribs and spine, but also the pelvic bones. The patient experiences severe pain, periodically there are numbness, paresis of the limbs. The posterior and anterior hump are clearly formed.

Causes of pathology

Many factors can lead to the development of kyphoscoliosis, among which even psychological trauma can occur.

Most often, doctors observe the following causes of the onset of the disease:

Physical inactivity. With little physical activity, a long stay in uncomfortable positions, muscle tissues are not able to hold the spinal column in the required position. Mobility deficiency is especially dangerous in adolescence. In children, hypodynamia can lead not only to weakness of the muscular corset, but also to inadequate development of bone tissues.
Diseases. Kyphoscoliosis can form against the background of cerebral palsy, rickets, tick-borne encephalitis, various tumor formations, and posture disorders.
Excessive physical activity. Improper lifting of weights, carrying heavy bags can lead to curvature. The disease may be based on an excessive addiction to power loads, without the competent control of the coach. So, some people, trying to “pump up” muscles faster, take a lot of weight. This leads to disturbances in the work of the ligamentous-muscular apparatus and curvature of the spinal column.
Injuries, operations. Injuries or complex surgical interventions on the spine can provoke kyphoscoliosis.
psychological factor. Many people who are tall, in an effort to become a little smaller, begin to stoop. This is especially evident in adolescence.

Predisposing factors include:

genetic predisposition (if a child is inherited with impaired metabolism and a tendency to bone diseases, then he has a high risk of abnormal development of the skeleton);
overweight;
severe pregnancy, in which the development of intrauterine anomalies in the fetus is possible.

Symptoms of kyphoscoliosis - how to determine the disease

In the first degree, the symptoms are barely noticeable. Patients usually associate minor pain, a feeling of heaviness and the appearance of shortness of breath with fatigue, the appearance of heart disease, and physical overload. This is the main problem of the fact that kyphoscoliosis is usually detected already in the progression stage.

The main signs of the disease:

the formation of small "humps" on the surface of the back;
the occurrence of stoop, impaired posture;
the appearance of back pain (at the initial stages, the discomfort is insignificant, with time its intensity increases);
acquisition of sloping shoulders, roundness of the back;
the occurrence of shortness of breath (insignificant at the beginning of the disease and pronounced in the last stages);
violation of sensitivity in the limbs, the appearance of temporary paresthesia;
deformity of the sternum, weakness of the muscles of the peritoneum, protrusion of the abdomen.

When the curvature of the spine reaches impressive levels, the deformation leads to the appearance of many neurological disorders, damage to the lung tissue, and the appearance of heart disease.

Patients may experience:

breathing difficulties, it is especially difficult to inhale;
heartache;
indigestion, appearance, belching;
pain, tingling in the limbs, temporary paralysis;
sexual dysfunction;
headache, severe attacks of dizziness.

Diagnosis of the disease

With kyphoscoliosis, the patient has many symptoms that appear with heart disease, neurological disorders. Therefore, in order to make a correct diagnosis, it is necessary not only to confirm the curvature in the spinal column, but also to exclude the risk of developing other pathologies.

For the diagnosis of kyphoscoliosis, the following measures are used:

Clarification of complaints. The therapist carefully studies the symptom complex, the localization of pain, the time of discomfort, its frequency and severity.
Visual inspection by specialists. A patient with suspected disorders in the spine is referred for a consultation with a surgeon, orthopedist, neuropathologist.
Radiography. X-rays can detect curvature of the spine. Pictures are taken in different projections, sometimes during traction. With the help of x-rays, the volume of disorders in the spine is assessed, the angle of curvature is calculated, that is, the degree of pathology is determined.
Magnetic resonance and computed tomography. These are more accurate and detailed research methods. Most often, MRI, CT is recommended to the patient in order to differentiate from tumor processes and other severe pathologies.
Electrocardiogram. Such an event is prescribed to eliminate the risk of developing heart disease. In addition, the ECG makes it possible to assess the violations provoked by chest compression.
Ultrasound procedure. Take it to study the internal tissues of the sternum.
Laboratory tests. Such studies make it possible to suspect inflammatory, infectious causes of the disease.

Depending on what symptoms accompany kyphoscoliosis, the patient may be referred for consultations to a pulmonologist, gastroenterologist, cardiologist, urologist.

Treatment Methods

Successful therapy of kyphoscoliosis is possible only in the initial stages. Therefore, you need to consult a doctor as soon as possible, as soon as the first symptoms of pathology are noticed.

Depending on the stage of progression of the disease and the age of the patient, the doctor will recommend conservative treatment or surgery.

Conservative therapy should be comprehensive and include the following areas:

correction of lifestyle and nutrition;
taking medicines;
appointment of physiotherapeutic procedures and massage;
special gymnastics.

Medical therapy

Drug therapy is selected by the doctor for each specific case. Drug treatment may include the following groups of drugs:

Painkillers. To eliminate back pain, non-narcotic analgesics are most often recommended: Analgin, Oksadol, Nefopam. If the pain syndrome is not eliminated by these drugs, then opium or mixed painkillers are prescribed for its relief: Fortral, Promedol, Vicodin, Tramadol, Morphine.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs provide a complex effect: reduce pain, eliminate inflammation, reduce swelling. The following medications are prescribed: Diclofenac, Kentalgin, Ortofen, Ketanov.
Muscle relaxants. Medicines help to relax muscle tissues, as a result of which spasm is relieved, pinching of the nerve root is eliminated. And this relieves pain. The best muscle relaxants are: Sirdalud, Tizanidin, Mydocalm, Carisoprodol, Baclofen.
Hormonal preparations. With severe inflammation, which is accompanied by a pronounced pain syndrome, hormonal medications can be recommended: Kenalog, Celeston, Flosteron, Diprospan, Metipred.
Chondroprotectors. These drugs can improve the nutrition of cartilage and protect the spine from destruction. Such means are effective: Chondroxide, Dona, Structum, Artra, Teraflex.
Antidepressants. A strong pain syndrome can lead to the appearance of psychological disorders, a depressed state. Therefore, doctors often prescribe antidepressants: Amitriptyline, Doxepin, Nortriptyline.
Vitamin complexes. To improve the conductivity of nerve impulses, drugs are prescribed: Neurovitan, Neuromultivit, Superum.
Ointments. To eliminate pain, it is recommended to combine the internal administration of painkillers with local analgesics. The following ointments anesthetize and relieve inflammation well: Finalgon, Fastum-gel, Voltaren, Final-gel, Chondroxide.

Medications for kyphoscoliosis - photo

For back pain, Analgin is recommended For severe pain, the analgesic Tramadol may be recommended. To relieve pain, eliminate inflammation and reduce swelling, Ortofen is included in therapy Mydocalm perfectly eliminates muscle spasms Teraflex is used to improve the nutrition of bone and cartilage tissues. Neuromultivit improves the transmission of nerve impulses Finalgon provides local anesthesia

A special diet for the treatment of this disease has not been developed. But the use of foods rich in B vitamins, magnesium, calcium and potassium helps to improve the condition of the skeletal and muscular system, helps to restore the heart, blood vessels and lungs.

The diet needs to be enriched:

cereals, pasta;
lean meat and fish;
eggs (at least 3 per week);
berries, fruits, vegetables;
milk, cheese, cottage cheese;
vegetable fats;
compotes, fresh juices;
weak teas, coffee.

It is harmful for kyphoscoliosis to use:

smoked meats, fatty foods;
marinades, various pickles;
alcohol;
fast food, fast food;
food colorings.

Healthy dishes - photo

It is useful to use various cereals Diet includes lean meats Eat at least 3 eggs per week Nutrition is enriched with fruits, vegetables, berries To strengthen bone tissue, the body needs cottage cheese Useful for kyphoscoliosis fresh juices
It is allowed to drink weak tea

Physiotherapy methods

Treatment of kyphoscoliosis includes physiotherapy measures:

UHF. The body is affected by an ultra-high frequency field. This allows you to reduce the inflammatory response, get rid of pain and normalize blood flow in the affected area.
Magnetotherapy. The magnetic field can reduce pain, eliminate swelling and inflammation. In addition, the event helps to calm the nervous system.
Paraffin applications. Thermal effect on the affected area provides the removal of muscle spasms, activation of blood circulation, restoration of nerve conduction.
Electrophoresis. With the help of an electric current, drugs are injected into damaged tissues.
Laser therapy. Exposure to a laser makes it possible to eliminate pain, inflammation, and get rid of puffiness. The procedure activates the metabolism in the bone tissues of the spine.
Electrical stimulation. The event is based on the stimulation of nerve endings. This allows you to relieve muscle spasms, activate blood flow, improve nutrition of the affected tissues.
Acupuncture. The correct effect on acupuncture points normalizes blood circulation, eliminates congestion, and relieves pain.

Surgery

In extreme cases, resort to surgical interventions. The main indications for surgical treatment are:

severe spinal deformities;
impaired functioning of internal organs;
progression of neurological pathologies;
constant intense pain.

The volume of surgical intervention is selected for each patient individually. Today, it is practiced to install special systems (hooks, screws, rods) that align the spine and fix it. In order for the restored form of the spine not to be disturbed again, after the operation, the patient must wear a plaster corset for several months.

Physiotherapy

Much attention is paid to exercise therapy. To reduce negative feelings, strengthen the muscular corset and, if possible, restore the spine, a set of exercises is selected for the patient, on an individual basis.

With kyphoscoliosis, since there is a lateral curvature, some exercises are performed only on one side. Therefore, it is important that the exercise therapy complex is selected on an individual basis.

Therapeutic exercise may include the following exercises:

Standing on my feet Straight arms are raised up and clasped in the castle. As you inhale, you need to reach up behind your hands and stand up on your toes. In the extended position, they linger for 5-10 seconds. Then exhale and slowly lower.
Exercise "mill". Standing on your feet, lower your torso parallel to the floor. Hands are placed in different directions. Turn to the left - the right hand touches the floor, the other rises up. Slowly turn the body to the right. Now the left hand is in contact with the floor, and the right hand is raised up.
Standing straight. From the wall you need to take one step forward. The knees are slightly bent. You need to slowly bend back to touch the back of your head with the wall. In this position, they linger for 15-20 seconds and return to their original position.
Lying on your back. Raise the left leg straight up. They lower it, turning it over to the right. In this case, it is necessary to touch the floor surface.
Lying on your stomach. In the lower back you need to bend a little. Slowly raise the right leg up. Then left.

A set of exercises for kyphoscoliosis - video

Back and chest massage

Such events are prescribed to patients to enhance blood circulation, stimulate metabolic processes, and improve the condition of muscle tissues. Massage is an important component of complex treatment.

The event must be conducted by a medical professional. After all, the method of exposure depends on the degree of deformation and lateral curvature.

The main techniques used by the massage therapist:

tissue toning - kneading, stroking, vibration;
relaxation of overstressed zones - rubbing, stroking.

Application of posture correctors

belts;
reclinators;
corsets.

Folk remedies

It is impossible to cure kyphoscoliosis with alternative medicine methods. Folk remedies can be used to eliminate inflammatory reactions, get rid of pain.

Cabbage compress. It is necessary to mix liquid (or melted) honey and table vinegar in equal proportions. The warm agent is evenly distributed over the cabbage leaf, previously scalded with boiling water. The compress is applied to the painful area, and fixed with a woolen scarf. You need to keep it for about 1 hour. The compress can be left even all night.
Herbal baths. Perfectly eliminate the pain syndrome and contribute to the elimination of spasms, water procedures. It is recommended to take a bath for about 20 minutes. For a therapeutic effect, decoctions of chamomile, birch leaves, mint, and pine needles are added to the water.
Ginger ointment. For severe pain, local anesthetics, such as an ointment from the medicinal root, can be used. To prepare the drug, ginger (medium size) is crushed into a pulp. 4-5 drops of eucalyptus oil are added to it. The resulting ointment should be applied to the painful area once a day.

Folk remedies - photo

To eliminate pain, make a compress from a cabbage leaf with honey and vinegar. To reduce the severity of discomfort in bathing water, it is recommended to add a decoction of chamomile Ginger is used to prepare an anesthetic ointment.

Contraindications for kyphoscoliosis

The list of prohibitions for this pathology is quite extensive. Therefore, the most important and most important taboo is self-treatment, without medical supervision.

When kyphoscoliosis is prohibited:

Stay in one fixed position for a long time.
Carry weights on one shoulder or in one hand.
Run fast, make sharp circular movements, jump.
Tumbling, doing exercises on one leg, working with dumbbells.
Dance, do gymnastics, play volleyball, football, badminton.
Perform exercises associated with a vertical load on the spine (for example, "birch").

Treatment prognosis

Kyphoscoliosis responds well to treatment in childhood, provided that therapy is started in the initial stages. So, kyphoscoliosis of the first degree in children under 16 years of age is almost completely cured.

The prognosis is much worse for adult patients in whom the spine is already formed. However, with proper therapy, it is possible to stop the progression of the disease and ensure a normal quality of life.

The forecast for patients at 3, 4 degrees is unfavorable. Achieve a full recovery, unfortunately, will not work. But the implementation of all the doctor's recommendations can protect against disability and significantly improve the patient's life.

Possible Complications

Kyphoscoliosis can lead to serious consequences:

osteochondrosis;
protrusions, intervertebral hernias;
myositis, arthralgia;
arthrosis;
coxarthrosis;
the appearance of diseases of the heart, lungs;
pathological disorders of the digestive system.

Prevention

To prevent the development of kyphoscoliosis, it is necessary to adhere to the following recommendations:

Eat properly. The diet should include all the vitamins and minerals necessary for the proper functioning and development of the skeletal system.
Do sport. In the presence of kyphoscoliosis, only an exercise therapy instructor should select a set of exercises. Useful swimming, exercises for traction of the spine.
Set up a place to sleep. You need to rest on a hard bed. It is best to choose an orthopedic mattress. It is recommended to sleep on your back. Rest on the side will exacerbate the curvature.
Organize a comfortable workplace. With a properly equipped work area, it is possible to maintain posture. In addition, you should not sit at the table for a long time. Periodically, you need to do a little warm-up.

Kyphoscoliosis is a severe and painful pathology. In order not to encounter it in adulthood, it is recommended to monitor posture even in childhood and pay attention to the first signs of stoop. And most importantly - do not start the disease!

Violation of posture leads to the loss of depreciation ability. This entails a visible deformation of the body. Possible degenerative destruction of the intervertebral discs. Kyphoscoliosis is a combined type of curvature of the spinal column. It can be localized in the cervicothoracic and thoracolumbar regions. But in the vast majority of cases, kyphiscoliosis of the thoracic spine is diagnosed, since kyphosis is a natural bend characteristic of this area of the back.

In total, the human spinal column has four physiological curves. Two of them have a deviation from front to back - these are kyphosis. They are located in the thoracic and sacral regions. Two more bends are directed from behind to the front - these are lordosis. They are located in the neck and lower back.

Thoracic kyphoscoliosis is a simultaneous curvature in two planes. there is a deviation in the lateral projection, and the situation is aggravated by an increase in the curvature of kyphosis. In the practice of a vertebrologist, kyphoscoliosis of the spine in the sacral region does not occur, since these vertebrae are fused with each other by the time a person reaches the age of 25 years. The immobility of the sacrum does not allow it to deviate from its axis.

About what causes can cause kyphoscoliosis and by what clinical signs this disease can be suspected, we propose to learn from this material. Here are the possible ways of treatment without the use of surgery.

Causes of kyphoscoliosis in adults and children

In most cases, kyphoscoliosis in adults is a consequence of the progression of those pathological changes that appeared in adolescence. Therefore, if a child has serious posture disorders during a preventive examination, you should not think that everything will go away by itself. Over several years, kyphoscoliosis progresses and leads to very serious consequences for the health of internal organs.

In children, kyphoscoliosis can be congenital or acquired during the formation of the natural curves of the spinal column. early landing of the baby without support, staging - all this can lead to primary pathological disorders.

The main pathogenic factors of influence in the formation of kyphoscoliosis include the following aspects:

weakness of the muscular frame of the back (may be associated with insufficient physical activity or myopathy of various origins);
the habit of hunching and slouching (developed in early childhood);
carrying weights in one hand with a slanted back;
improperly organized sleeping and working place;
destruction of the intervertebral discs, resulting in a change in the position of the vertebral bodies;
deformation of the longitudinal long ligaments of the spine - their cicatricial changes after stretching become a trigger for the formation of kyphoscoliosis;
excess body weight;
diseases of the spinal column (spondylosis, spondylarthrosis, uncovertebral arthrosis, etc.);
back injuries (falls on the back or on the heels, leading to the formation of cracks in the vertebral bodies and compression fractures).

Disproportionately exerted physical activity against the background of sufficient physical development of the muscular frame of the back leads to the fact that a person begins to involuntarily slouch. Over time, he gets used to fixing his position of the spine in this way. The state of a straightened back becomes uncomfortable and shy for him. This is how the primary violation of posture is formed. If effective control measures are not taken, then hyperkyphosis will soon be fixed. And if, against the background of it, the curvature of the back begins in the lateral projection, then a full-fledged kyphoscoliosis will form.

Degrees of kyphoscoliosis (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th)

In the primary diagnosis, the degree of kyphoscoliosis plays an important role in determining the method of future treatment. The fact is that only in the initial stages this pathology lends itself to conservative methods of correction. Kyphoscoliosis of the 3rd degree, when the deviation from the physiological axis is more than 75 degrees, it is already difficult to correct by manual methods of influence. But the chance still remains. But with kyphoscoliosis of the 4th degree, when the deviation reaches 90 degrees or more, only a surgical operation can already help. When it is carried out, doctors will literally disassemble the spine into individual vertebrae and reassemble it with fixation in the position in which they should be.

After the operation, a long period of rehabilitation will be required. Only total work on strengthening the muscular frame of the back and eliminating all negative factors of influence is possible to completely defeat the pathology. As practice shows, more than 70% of people operated on for kyphoscoliosis of the spine within the next 5 years again come to the attention of vertebrologists with the same problem. The high level of relapses is due to the fact that the pathology is based on a person's lifestyle.

Thoracic kyphoscoliosis of the 1st degree is a deviation from the natural axis by 35 - 40 degrees. This pathology usually does not lead to severe deformation of the human body, but there are typical symptoms. This is increased fatigue of the back muscles and periodic pain between the shoulder blades.

Kyphoscoliosis of the 2nd degree gives more pronounced clinical manifestations. With this pathology, the deviation in the lateral and anteroposterior projection is more than 45 degrees. This creates certain difficulties in the functioning of the internal organs of the chest and upper abdominal cavity. The main signs of kyphoscoliosis are the following manifestations:

constant pain between the shoulder blades, it can spread to the collar zone and to the lumbar region;
the line of the shoulders is skewed towards the curvature;
the hump is visible to the naked eye;
when lying on the stomach, the back does not straighten;
change in gait with body rollover from the side of the lesion to the other;
constant shortness of breath and weakness associated with respiratory failure against the background of compression of the lung tissue;
pain in the intercostal spaces associated with muscle deformity and compression of nerve endings;
interruptions in the work of the heart, pallor of the skin, dizziness.

As kyphoscoliosis of the spine develops, the pancreas suffers, dysfunction of the biliary tract begins, the kidneys and liver suffer. When the chest is deformed, the level of intracavitary pressure changes. As a result, the diaphragm is drawn into the chest cavity, increasing pressure in the abdominal cavity. This can provoke the development of a hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm.

Pain in kyphoscoliosis and other symptoms

Constant pain in kyphoscoliosis is a typical clinical symptom of pathology. Painful sensations may appear after prolonged static tension of the muscular frame of the back. It may be an attempt to control your posture. Usually, patients with a curvature of the spinal column manage to sit without pain with a relatively straight back for no more than 10-15 minutes. Then an attack of acute muscle pain begins, which subsides only when the back returns to its usual position. For this reason, a person cannot cope with the existing problem on his own. The help of an experienced specialist is required.

Other clinical symptoms of kyphoscoliosis of the spine may manifest as:

the appearance of convulsions of large back muscles that occur during awkward movement;
inability to lean forward and reach the floor with your hands;
constant feeling of tension in the back;
feeling of lack of air when inhaling;
visible deformation of the back in two planes - the hump can be seen with the naked eye.

For diagnosis, it is usually enough to take several x-rays. They are necessary to clarify pathological changes. On the radiographic image, bone deformities of the vertebral bodies, their actual displacement, can be seen. The more the vertebral bodies are displaced, the higher the risk of injury to the substance of the spinal cord. This can provoke numbness of the upper limbs, disruption of the coronary blood supply system, and a number of other dangerous conditions. With kyphoscoliosis of the spine, total myodystrophy of the lower back, gluteal and femoral muscle groups often occurs.

Immediately after the differential diagnosis, the treatment recommended by the vertebrologist should be started. Kyphoscoliosis of the spine has a negative trend towards constant deterioration. This is due to physiological characteristics.

Congenital S-shaped kyphoscoliosis in a child

Normally, in a newborn child, the spinal column is absolutely even and does not have any bends. However, under the action of teratogenic negative factors, the process of deformation of the vertebrae is observed in utero. In this case, the curvature of the spinal column is clearly visible during screening at 30 - 32 weeks. By conducting an ultrasound examination, the doctor can see the deviation of the spine in the thoracic region from its physiological axis.

Most often, S-shaped kyphoscoliosis is diagnosed in utero, which is due to the breech presentation of the fetus and weakness of the muscular frame of the back. Provided that congenital kyphoscoliosis is detected, a woman is often recommended for delivery by caesarean section. This is because there is a high risk of injury to the spine and spinal cord.

There are many ways to treat kyphoscoliosis in a child. Cranes do not recommend the use of various corsets. They exacerbate the situation in the long run due to the fact that when they are used, the muscles of the back degrade even more and lose their natural ability to support the back.

How to treat kyphoscoliosis?

Before treating kyphoscoliosis, it is necessary to accurately establish the degree of curvature of the spinal column. If it is 1-2nd degree, then treatment can be carried out exclusively by conservative methods. In particular, a special set of physical and gymnastic exercises will help correct your posture. The doctor develops these programs taking into account the individual characteristics of each patient.

Do not use ready-made sets of exercises, as they can further worsen your condition. The fact is that for the correction of posture it is necessary to weaken those muscles that are overstrained and strengthen the tone of the weakened groups. if you do everything exactly the opposite, then the degree of kyphoscoliosis will worsen very quickly.

We invite you to sign up for a completely free consultation with a vertebrologist in our manual therapy clinic. The doctor will conduct an examination and make an accurate diagnosis. After that, he will give practical recommendations for the treatment, taking into account your individual characteristics.

Ways to treat kyphoscoliosis

There are no pharmacological treatments for kyphoscoliosis. Do not trust distributors of dietary supplements and various non-certified products. The second thing you should know is that you cannot use orthopedic corsets without a doctor's prescription. Wearing them can only aggravate the patient's condition. In addition to the corset, it is necessary to carry out complex treatment. Only in this case it is possible to get a positive effect.

For effective treatment of kyphoscoliosis at the 3rd and 4th stages of curvature, it is better to resort to a surgical operation. And after it has been carried out, you should contact a chiropractor and a vertebrologist to implement a set of measures for rehabilitation. This will eliminate the risk of re-development of kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine.

At the 1st-2nd stage, this type of spinal curvature is very well and quickly treated using manual therapy techniques. We will not deliberately give any practical recommendations in this article. Each interested patient can visit a specialist of our clinic free of charge and get comprehensive information.

Remember that only a doctor can prescribe an effective treatment for you. All recommendations and advice from the Internet are impersonal and do not take into account your individual characteristics. Using them, you risk worsening the condition of your spinal column.