Reliably about gonorrhea and syphilis. As part of a bouquet

In this article, we will consider the ways of infection with gonorrhea, the incubation period, signs and prevention.

This pathology is a very dangerous sexually transmitted disease. Illiterate and untimely treatment is fraught with the development of serious complications, one of which is irreversible infertility. It is generally accepted that gonorrhea can only be contracted by a person who is sexually promiscuous. However, it is not. Gonorrhea has several routes of infection. For this reason, each person must remember and comply with the full range of preventive measures.

How does infection with syphilis or gonorrhea occur, we will consider below.

Features of the pathogen

Gonorrhea, commonly referred to as gonorrhea, begins to develop under the influence of gonococci that enter the human body. These microorganisms are pathogenic, they rapidly spread throughout the genitourinary system and cause negative health consequences.

It is known that the most common way of infection with gonorrhea is sexual contact.

Where are they localized?

Gonococci are most often localized in the rectum, in the anus, vulva, urethra, cervical canal, eyes, nasopharynx.

The causative agents of the disease exist with equal success in the intercellular spaces and inside the cells of the body. This is due to their special structure. They have special growths with which they move quickly, clinging to tissues. In some cases, gonococci can be absorbed by other microorganisms, such as Trichomonas. The course of treatment for trichomoniasis promotes the release of gonococci, resulting in the development of gonorrhea.

When does their death occur?

The causative agents of gonorrhea are able to exist in the external environment. Their death occurs only when heated to a temperature of 56 degrees Celsius and above. Gonococci do not survive under direct sunlight.

These microorganisms do not tolerate arid environments. They are able to maintain their activity in biological secretions only as long as the latter retain moisture. Recent studies show that women are more likely to suffer from gonorrhea. Unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner contributes to the infection of 98% of women, while men become infected only in 50% of cases. Thus, infection with gonorrhea is most often possible through sexual intercourse.

Infection through sexual contact

The main route of infection is unprotected sexual contact. It is important to note that infection can occur through sex in any form. Full penetration is also optional, transmission can also occur during petting.

Infection of women occurs much faster than men. This fact is due to the peculiarity of the structure of the genital organs. Microorganisms very quickly penetrate the cervix due to the folded structure of the vagina. Moreover, even full-fledged douching after intercourse does not allow you to remove all gonococci.

Who is more likely?

The probability of getting infected is much lower in men, since it is difficult for pathogens to get inside the human body. This is due to the fact that the opening of the urethra is quite narrow. Even if gonococci enter the urethra, they will be further washed out by sperm during ejaculation. A man can greatly reduce his risk of contracting gonorrhea by going to the toilet immediately after intercourse. However, the risk of infection is still high.

In women, during menstruation, an exacerbation of the disease occurs. The activity of microorganisms is significantly increased. In this regard, sexual intercourse during this period greatly increases the risk of infection of a partner.

The possibility of oral sex is not ruled out. It is not so easy for gonococci to enter the body through the strong tissues of the nasopharynx. But if a person's immunity is weakened during this period and the protective functions of the body are reduced, infections are much easier to spread. Accordingly, there is a chance of getting sick during oral sex.

What are the other ways to get gonorrhea?

Household infection

Very often, people are interested in the existence of the possibility of infection by household routes. Microorganisms have low viability outside the human body, however, they can remain active in the external environment for some time.

There are several household ways of getting gonorrhea:

When using personal belongings of an infected person. Microorganisms can be transmitted through shaving accessories, washcloths, bed linen, towels. If a member of the family has gonorrhea, it is recommended to provide him with a separate bar of soap, which should be kept away from toothbrushes.
When using one toilet. The toilet becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. This method of spreading gonococci should be feared primarily by women.
When using someone else's clothing. Wear skirts, trousers and more underwear a person infected with gonorrhea is strictly prohibited.
When visiting public places, for example, baths, swimming pools and saunas. All visitors to a public place are at risk if there is an infected person among them.
When using shared crockery and cutlery. Gonococci in this case are localized in the nasopharynx, and the symptoms of infection resemble a sore throat.
When swimming in water bodies. Cases of infection in this way are quite rare, but such a possibility cannot be completely ruled out. The most dangerous reservoirs in which stagnant water.
When kissing. This is how it is transmitted

Despite the fact that there are quite a lot of domestic ways of getting gonorrhea, unprotected sexual intercourse remains the most likely.

gonorrhea symptoms

The incubation period for gonorrhea ranges from two days to two weeks.

Symptoms of the disease in men are as follows:

Urethritis develops - an inflammatory process that is localized in the urethra. A man begins to experience discomfort and pain during urination. In addition, there is a separation of purulent secretion.
In the absence of timely treatment, a man develops prostatitis. Swelling of the scrotum is observed, pain appears in the lower abdomen, discomfort increases with the onset of an erection.

Ways of infection with gonorrhea do not affect the symptoms.

Manifestations in women

The most common manifestations in women are:

Purulent discharge from the vagina.
Inflammatory process localized in the bladder.
Redness of the mucous membranes of the vagina.
Painful manifestations in the lower abdomen.

We have looked at how gonorrhea is transmitted, and the symptoms of this pathology have also been outlined.

gonorrhea treatment

If primary symptoms of gonorrhea are detected, it is important to consult a doctor as soon as possible, self-medication is strictly excluded.

Therapy for gonorrhea involves the use of antibiotics. The selection of the drug is carried out taking into account the severity of symptoms and the general health of the patient. Basically, doctors prefer to use drugs that are part of the group of fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins.

The effectiveness of treatment directly depends on the correct choice of the drug, its dosage and duration of treatment. If the patient is found to be intolerant to antibiotics, sulfonamides should be preferred.

Gonorrhea should be treated comprehensively and antibiotics should be supplemented with the use of local preparations in the form of pastes, gels and ointments. It is also recommended to take immunomodulators and conduct physiotherapy procedures.

It is important to complete the full course of treatment, and not stop it after the onset of relief. An interrupted course of therapy is fraught with the flow of the disease into a chronic latent form, the detection and treatment of which is difficult due to the acquired resistance of gonococci to antibiotics. It is important to know in advance the ways of infection with gonorrhea in order to carry out competent prevention of the disease.

Infection prevention

Gonorrhea has many ways of transmission. You can protect yourself and avoid infection with gonococci if you follow a few simple preventive rules:

When having sex, be sure to use a condom. This simple measure is one of the most effective in protecting against gonorrhea.
Promiscuous sex significantly increases the risk of contracting gonorrhea. To avoid infection, you should carefully monitor the health of your partners. It is better to refuse promiscuity.
After sex with a person whose health is worrying you, it is recommended to carry out medical prophylaxis. The choice of the drug and the selection of the dosage should be carried out exclusively by a competent specialist.
Men should visit the toilet and empty their bladder immediately after intercourse to prevent infection. Women can use intravaginal ointments.
You should visit your doctor regularly and have check-ups. This will allow timely detection of infection, if it occurs. It is important to remember that the effectiveness of the treatment of any disease primarily depends on the correct diagnosis and timely therapy.
It must be borne in mind that the risk of contracting gonorrhea is much higher in people with weakened immune systems. Therefore, it is necessary to support the body's defense system with proper nutrition, sports, and the intake of vitamin and mineral complexes.

and gonorrhea

There are significant differences between common diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis.

Both diseases are transmitted mainly through sexual contact, but they have a different pathogen. Gonorrhea develops when exposed to gonococci, while syphilis provokes the activity of the microorganism Treponema palladium.

Unlike gonorrhea, the symptoms of which develop as early as 2-10 days after infection and manifest as itching, burning, and fluid from the anus and genitals, syphilis has several categories, each of which is characterized by a separate group of symptoms.

With primary syphilis, sores appear on tissues, most often in the mouth, on the genitals, and in the rectum. The secondary category follows the initial stage of the disease, developing several weeks after the chancres have healed. A person with secondary syphilis feels headaches, weakness. A rash appears, loss of appetite occurs.

The ways of infection with syphilis and gonorrhea are very similar. With latent syphilis, a person is still contagious, but the disease does not appear outwardly and can only be detected during a laboratory blood test. Tertiary syphilis is the final stage in the development of the disease. It is manifested by pain in the bones, anemia, high fever, the appearance of non-healing ulcers.

The treatment of syphilis also coincides with the treatment of gonorrhea - antibiotics of the penicillin or dioxycycline group are indicated in combination with local preparations.

The basic methods of preventing syphilis are similar to the case of gonorrhea: it is important to protect yourself during sexual intercourse and avoid interaction with an infected person.

Everyone should know how to get gonorrhea.

Gonorrhea - an infectious disease caused by Neisser's gonococcus. The main route of infection is sexual. IN rare cases possible household infection through objects (bedding, chamber pots, washcloths, sponges, vaginal mirrors, etc.). There are acute and chronic gonorrhea.
Acute gonorrhea begins with itching in the urethra, turning into pain (especially when urinating) and discharge of liquid pus of a yellowish-green hue. At the same time, men have redness and swelling of the external opening of the urethra (anterior gonorrheal urethritis). At this initial stage, if urine is collected sequentially in two glasses, only the first portion of urine will be cloudy, and the urine in the second glass will be clear, without admixture of pus (two-glass sample). In the absence of treatment, alcohol consumption, with intense physical, especially sports, stress, the process from the anterior urethra passes to the posterior urethra and total gonorrheal urethritis develops at this stage, urine with a two-glass sample will be cloudy in both glasses.
chronic gonorrhea compared to acute, it proceeds more calmly, sluggishly, purulent discharge is usually scarce (sometimes 1-2 drops, gluing sponges of the external opening of the urethra); the itching in the urethra and pain during urination are also less pronounced. However, patients, as well as in acute gonorrhea, are highly contagious.
If left untreated, gonorrhea gives a number of complications: epididymitis (lesion of the epididymis), prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate), vesiculitis (inflammation of the seminal vesicles), and narrowing of the urethra. Often the cause of infertility in women and men is previously transferred and insufficiently treated gonorrhea.

Syphilis. The causative agent of syphilis - pale treponema, is easily detected in all syphilitic manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes during the infectious period of the disease. Transmitted through direct contact - sexual intercourse, kissing. Extrasexual syphilis (congenital, domestic) and some others are also possible.
Pale treponema, having entered the body through microtraumas on the genitals, begins to quickly adapt and multiply quite actively; from here, through the lymphatic vessels, it penetrates into the nearby lymph nodes, and then into the general bloodstream. After 3-4 weeks and less often a little later (incubation period), the first sign of the disease appears at the site of infection - a hard chancre (usually single, less often 3-4 or more). As a rule, it is a pinkish, painless, often correctly rounded abrasion or ulcer with a dense infiltrate at the base, with a smooth, as if varnished surface. Usually does not fester, does not bleed. From the moment the hard chancre appears, the primary period of syphilis begins, the duration of which usually varies from 40 to 50 days. Shortly after the development of a hard chancre, nearby lymph nodes swell. They do not solder to each other, have a densely elastic consistency, are painless, do not suppurate, the skin over them usually does not become inflamed.
After some time, malaise, fatigue, moderate headache, insomnia, joint pain appear, especially at night.
In the absence of treatment, the process progresses and a secondary period of syphilis sets in on the skin of the face, trunk, less often the extremities, mucous membranes of the oral cavity, genital organs, various rashes appear - roseola, papules, pustules, leukoderma.
Roseola - multiple pale pink in color, up to the nail of the little finger, spotty rashes that do not bother the patient. They do not peel off, disappear when pressed, but quickly reappear. At first, the rash is abundant, scattered over large areas of the body and does not merge, and then - although sometimes larger, but more often sparse, with a tendency to merge with the formation of arcs, semicircles, rings, garlands and other figures.
Papules - slightly raised above the level of the skin, moderately dense to the touch nodules of various sizes and shapes. They also do not cause subjective sensations, they usually resolve, leaving behind a barely noticeable transient peeling and pigmentation. Appear on any part of the skin and mucous membranes, but especially often on the trunk, face, genitals, oral cavity. Of particular danger are the so-called weeping papules of the genital organs (occur when sweating and poor personal hygiene in some women in the genital area, around the anus, sometimes under the mammary glands, under the arms), as well as the mucous membranes of the oral cavity.
A pustular (pustular) rash, as well as leucoderma (whitish spots that form, as it were, a lace collar on the neck - the “necklace of Venus” - and are observed in a smaller number on the upper third of the body) are indicators of the later stages of syphilis. In these cases, small-focal hair loss is also sometimes noted (the scalp resembles fur eaten by moths). Even without treatment, these rashes sooner or later completely and usually disappear without a trace, but the disappearance of the rash in no way means recovery, because the disease will soon manifest itself with a new outbreak of rashes.
The entire secondary period of syphilis is characterized by a change in active stages (the presence of rashes on the skin) and attenuation. Throughout the entire period of the secondary period (up to 5-6 years), the same patient may have several similar relapses. The treatment of these neglected periods, compared with early syphilis, is longer, and the prognosis of recovery is less favorable. If at this stage there is no treatment or it is inaccurate, then syphilis passes into its tertiary period.
The earliest period of transition of untreated syphilis to the tertiary period is the 3-4th year after infection. It is characterized by the appearance of rashes coming from the deeper layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. They disintegrate with the subsequent formation of typical scars, characterized by a variegated and sometimes bizarre pattern. In untreated patients with tertiary syphilis, subsequent development of such severe lesions as dorsal tabes and progressive paralysis is possible.

Trichomoniasis- a disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Men, on average, 1-1.5 weeks after infection, begin to feel pain when urinating, liquid mucopurulent, slightly foaming discharge from the urethra appears. Women are concerned about liquid, frothy, foul-smelling discharge from the vagina, itching of the external genitalia.
If treatment is not carried out, Trichomonas in men penetrate the prostate gland, vas deferens, epididymis, and in women they affect the glands, the vestibule of the vagina and the vagina itself, the mucous membrane of the cervix.

HOME DOCTOR'S ADVICE
An effective means of preventing syphilis, gonorrhea and trichomoniasis is the antiseptic gibitan in the form of a 0.05% aqueous solution.
Use a solution of gibitan as follows: first you need to empty your bladder, then wash your hands and genitals. Then unscrew the cap and, pressing on the walls of the bottle, treat the skin of the pubis, the inner surface of the thighs, and the genitals with a jet of solution. After that, the spout of the nozzle is inserted into the opening of the urethra, the walls of the canal are pressed tightly against it and approximately 1.5-3 ml (men) or 1-1.5 ml (women) are squeezed out of the vial. Then, without opening the fingers, the nozzle is removed, and the solution is retained for 2-3 minutes. Women also irrigate the vagina. After the procedure, it is not recommended to urinate for two hours. The procedure will benefit if you carry it out no later than 2 hours after the suspicious contact.
Another drug is cidipol. This is an antiseptic solution packaged in 5 ml glass bottles. The drug is used by men, it should be used in the same way as gibitan.

Be healthy!

Sexually transmitted diseases (or infections) are diseases that are transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through sexual contact.

Sexually transmitted diseases. Click to enlarge.

To date, more than 30 such infections are known. The most common and dangerous are: herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, vaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis.

So let's take a closer look at a few of them.

Gonorrhea

gonorrhea symptoms. Click to enlarge.

This disease belongs to venereal. The greatest chance of getting this infection is after vaginal sex, but do not rule out the possibility of infection during oral or anal sex. Also, it is unlikely, but still it exists, to become infected when using household appliances, since microbes (gonocci that cause this infection) have the ability to maintain their viability for up to a day, being on household items.

by the most first symptom of gonorrhea are uncomfortable sensations in the urethra, as well as an unhealthy color of discharge during urination. So, at first they are gray-yellow, and then they are replaced by yellow-purulent discharge. If no measures are taken, the disease worsens and manifests itself in an uncontrollable urge to urinate, at the beginning of which there is a sharp sharp pain, which then quickly passes.

If you do not start timely treatment of gonorrhea, then this can lead to complications such as arthritis, sepsis, and even infertility. Therefore, in order to prevent re-infection with gonorrhea, it is necessary to treat not only a sexually infected person and carrier, but also those with whom he often communicates in everyday life.

Treatment of this disease depends on the tolerance of medications to patients, as well as on the stage and localization. You can undergo treatment both in the hospital and on your own, but with a regular examination by a doctor. The basis of treatment includes antibiotic therapy, before which the patient must refrain from drinking alcohol and sexual intercourse. The most effective drug is antibiotics from the penicillin group, but if the patient has intolerance to these drugs, then they are replaced by sulfanilamide drugs.

In no case do not self-medicate, as this can lead to an exacerbation or a transition to a chronic condition. For details, it is better to contact your doctor.

Syphilis

Syphilis can be contracted through sexual intercourse. There is a chance of contracting this infection through a blood transfusion.

It is most likely to contract syphilis from an infected person in the first two years of becoming ill. Syphilis it can also be congenital, that is, a sick mother passed it on to her child.

One one of the first symptoms of syphilis is an ulcer or erosion in the place through which pale treponema (the causative agent of infection) entered the body. At the end of the first week, near the hard chancre, the lymph nodes begin to increase and remain in this form for 3 to 5 months.

Treatment This infection takes place individually, depending on the localization, stage of the disease and the patient's tolerance to medications.

At the first stage syphilis is treated with drugs from the penicillin group, which must be administered for 24 days every three hours intramuscularly. If there are any allergic reactions to the drug, then they must be neutralized with antihistamines, which are administered 30 minutes before the drug itself is administered. The doctor may also prescribe a combination of drugs aimed at comprehensive treatment of the disease. This increases the likelihood of a speedy recovery, as it is more difficult for bacteria to adapt to different types of drugs. An example of one of them is erythromycin. Learn more from your treating physician.

Venereal disease - syphilis. Click to enlarge.

It is possible to prevent syphilis by prophylactic treatment immediately after sexual intercourse. But, this option is possible if you manage to contact a venereologist within two hours after sexual intercourse, and of course, if he can provide you with medical care during this time. Then, after two weeks, you need to undergo a second examination to make sure that there are no bacteria of this virus in the body.

The danger of this disease lies not so much in what consequences it brings with it, but in the fact that if it is not treated, then women may experience miscarriages (the percentage of miscarriages due to syphilis is 25%), and the mother can simply infect her the baby is still in the womb. And, having been born, he will become the owner of congenital syphilis.
Therefore, do not neglect regular examinations.

Herpes

Herpes is a viral disease. It is characterized by a rash on the skin and mucous membranes of the bubbles.

Herpes can be contracted by contact and airborne droplets. The skin, eyes, and external genitalia are most often affected. In severe cases, herpes affects the central nervous system. Herpes occurs both with hypothermia of the body, and with overheating. Another factor contributing to the disease of herpes is low immunity.

When a herpes infection of the genital organs occurs, the following symptoms occur: burning and pain in the area that was affected by the herpes virus. These symptoms usually accompanied by fever and headache. After some time, bubbles with a clear liquid appear on the area affected by the virus, which burst after a while, leaving behind red ulcers. Rashing out, they usually pass after 14 days.
Genital herpes is very dangerous, as it can cause miscarriage in pregnant women. Also, physicians point out that genital herpes increases the risk of developing cervical cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.

Herpes treatment should be comprehensive. It includes boosting immunity, antiviral therapy, physical therapy and many other treatments.

The herpes virus can be present in the human body throughout life, but if the latter has high immunity, then the virus will not manifest itself.

"Beloved" site of manifestation of herpes is lip area. To stop the development of herpes use medications that contain acyclovir. If at the initial stage the course of herpes is accompanied by itching, take paracetamol and aspirin. And, of course, do not forget about hygiene. Do not touch the bubbles or sores that have arisen, do not try to open them like acne. It is necessary to apply ointment on them with the help of hygienic sticks. And in no case do not apply cosmetics to the infected area of \u200b\u200bthe skin. However, additional moisturizing of the lips will not hurt, and therefore you can use hygienic lipstick.

The disease is herpes

During the illness of herpes, try to have less contact with other people. Use personal utensils and wash them thoroughly. Refrain from kissing. If herpes reacts to ultraviolet light and proceeds more actively, then apply sunscreen to the skin.

Take care of yourself and your loved ones.

Combinations (gonorrhea and syphilis) and (gonorrhea and trichomoniasis) are the most frequent in the practice of a venereologist. Gonococci are rarely transmitted separately from other infections, in most cases being part of a complex of several sexually transmitted diseases. The choice of treatment regimen depends on the specific composition of this complex.

As a rule, the course of a mixed infection differs from the classical course of the disease. If with a single gonorrhea its incubation period (the time from the moment of infection to the onset of the first symptoms) is 3-10 days, then with a combined infection it can be extended up to three months. This is important to consider when examining sexual partners: in case of mixed infections, everyone with whom sexual contact has occurred within the last 90 days is examined; with solitary gonorrhea - within 14 days (if gonorrhea occurs in acute form) and 60 days (if in chronic form).

Disease symptoms may also vary. Fresh single gonorrhea is acute. Purulent discharges appear in large quantities, the onset of urination is accompanied by sharp pain, the urine becomes cloudy, the lips of the urethra turn red and swell. With a mixed infection, all symptoms appear with moderate intensity or do not appear at all.

Treatment mainly involves the use of standard anti-gonorrhea drugs (Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Spectinomycin) in combination with drugs that act on other pathogens.

venereal diseases
Venereal diseases are sexually transmitted diseases. A group of contagious diseases acquired mainly through sexual contact with an infected partner.

Syphilis

Syphilis (old name: lues) is a chronic infectious disease, usually transmitted sexually. The causative agent of syphilis is (Treponema pallidum); is an actively mobile gram-negative microorganism with a thin curved body of a spiral shape.
Pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of syphilis.
The disease is transmitted mainly through sexual contact. Risk groups are people who have promiscuous sex, alcoholics, drug addicts. It is extremely rare that domestic (non-sexual) infection is possible through direct contact with a patient with an infectious form of syphilis and through objects contaminated with the patient's secretions (for example, saliva, pus) containing pathogens. When pregnant with syphilis, as a result of transplacental penetration of pale treponema, the fetus becomes infected, which leads to its death or to the birth of a child with congenital syphilis.
Pale treponemas multiply intensively at the site of introduction, where about a month after the incubation period, primary syphiloma is formed (a hard chancre that is usually localized on the genitals of men and women) - first clinical manifestation syphilis. The patient may not feel any symptoms of syphilis after infection for 3 weeks. Further, infectious agents spread through the lymphatic vessels (Few infectious agents penetrate into the bloodstream and into internal organs). Within a few days, the lymph nodes are greatly enlarged. At this time, there is a consistent increase in lymph nodes (regional adenitis), close to the entrance gate, and then more distant (polyadenitis). At the end of the primary period, pale treponemas that have multiplied in the lymphatic tract through the thoracic duct enter the left subclavian vein and are carried by blood flow in large numbers to organs and tissues.
In the secondary period syphilis, lesions occur mainly on the skin and mucous membranes, less often on internal organs, bones and the central nervous system. On the skin, this will manifest itself as a specific rash with the formation of infiltrative-necrotic foci (spotted or nodular rash).
In some cases, with the formation of a good immune response, there may not be symptoms characteristic of secondary syphilis - this condition is called latent syphilis. Secondary syphilis has several outcomes: cure, transition to a chronic latent form, or transition to tertiary syphilis.
Tertiary syphilis begins, as a rule, at 3-4 years of the disease and, in the absence of the necessary treatment, lasts until the end of the life of a person with syphilis. Manifestations of tertiary syphilis are characterized by the greatest severity, as a rule, lead to permanent disfigurement of the patient's appearance with tertiary syphilis, disability and death.

Diagnosis of syphilis
The greatest difficulty is that this disease can be completely asymptomatic. With a latent form of syphilis, an infected person does not see the need to seek help from a doctor.
When diagnosing syphilis, the information necessary to identify the diagnosis is collected: patient complaints, information about some aspects of sexual life and contacts with persons suspicious for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases. Past sexually transmitted diseases, information about the results of their treatment. Laboratory tests are required to make a definitive diagnosis.
Laboratory diagnosis of syphilis involves studies to identify the causative agent of syphilis directly, as well as the identification of immunological changes that occur in the body with syphilis.
As mentioned above, treponema pallidum (gram-negative organism) does not stain well with traditional stains used in bacterial microscopy. Therefore, a special dark-field microscope is used - in it, against a dark background, a spiral strip is well contrasted - pale treponema. Also, in the diagnosis, various serology methods are widely used, which reveal immunological changes associated with the consequences of bacterial activity.

Treatment of syphilis
The main in the treatment of syphilis are penicillin antibiotics. In case of intolerance to penicillin by the patient's body, it is necessary to use antibiotics from other pharmacological groups: tetracycline (tetracycline), macrolides (erythromycin, medicamicin), azithromycins, streptomycins and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin).

Gonorrhea (gonorrhea, fracture)

The causative agent of gonorrhea is gonococcus. Infection occurs from a person infected with gonorrhea. The infection is transmitted mainly through sexual contact. Infection can also occur from people caring for the sick, through a common bed contaminated with secretions, a towel, pots, and the like. Immunity to gonorrhea does not exist, that is, each person can become infected with gonorrhea and, moreover, many times (reinfection). Gonorrhea is not hereditary.

Pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of gonorrhea
The pathological focus of gonorrhea occurs at the site of infection (introduction of the pathogen). In this regard, it is customary to distinguish: gonorrhea genital (genitourinary organs), extragenital (gonorrhea of the rectum, pharynx, mouth, tonsils, eyes) and metastatic (disseminated), which is a complication of the first two.
According to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (WHO, 1983), the following forms of gonorrhea were distinguished:

Acute lesions of the lower urinary tract

Acute lesions of the upper genitourinary tract

Chronic lesions of the upper genitourinary tract

Chronic lesions of the lower genitourinary tract

Eye damage, gonococcal conjunctivitis (newborn), iridocyclitis, ophthalmia (newborn). Joint damage

Throat lesion

Injury to the anus and rectum

Other lesions (gonococcemia, gonococcal endocarditis, keratosis, meningitis, pericarditis, peritonitis).
At men the first symptoms of gonorrhea are indicated 2-5 days after the latent period, which lasts 5-7 days. There is itching and burning in the urethra and purulent discharge of a yellowish-green color. There are frequent urges to urinate, pain at the end of urination, sometimes an admixture of blood in the urine. If the duration of the disease lasts more than 2 months, then it is classified as chronic gonorrhea.
In recent years, there have been more and more cases when the presence of gonococci in the genitourinary organs is not accompanied by either subjective or objective changes. Such a condition should be regarded as latent (latent) gonorrhea or gonococcal carriage.
gonorrhea in women, due to the anatomical originality of the genitourinary organs, in the vast majority of cases, even in the acute course of the disease, it causes almost or no noticeable pain. In the initial stage of gonorrhea, as a rule, the urethra, vagina, cervical canal are involved. Due to the asymptomatic course of the disease in women (in 50 - 70% of cases), gonorrhea is often diagnosed in a chronic form. In the chronic form of gonorrhea, the disease passes from the cervix to the uterine mucosa, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. There is a risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, complications during childbirth.

Diagnosis of gonorrhea
There are acute and chronic gonorrhea. Acute gonorrhea begins with itching in the urethra, turning into pain (especially when urinating) and the release of yellowish-greenish liquid pus. At the same time, men also have swelling of the external opening of the urethra (anterior gonorrheal urethritis). At this initial stage, if the patient's urine is collected sequentially in two glasses, then only the first portion of it will be cloudy, and the urine in the second glass will be clean, without admixture of pus (two-glass sample).
In the absence of treatment, alcohol consumption, physical, especially sports stress, the process from the anterior urethra passes to the posterior urethra and anterior-posterior, that is, total, gonorrheal urethritis develops. At this stage, urine from a two-glass sample will be cloudy in both glasses.

gonorrhea treatment
With fresh gonorrhea, the use of antibiotics is recommended (reception within 5-7 days). If the disease is advanced or there are relapses after antibiotic therapy, then the patient is treated in a hospital. On an outpatient basis, in order to prevent the spread of infection, antibiotics are prescribed simultaneously with.

Chancre soft

Chancre - an ulcer or erosion that occurs at the site of the introduction of the pathogen in some infectious diseases.
Soft chancre (synonyms: chancroid, venereal ulcer) is classified as a classic sexually transmitted disease. The causative agent of the disease is the anaerobic bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi. It is transmitted by all types of sexual contact - oral, anal, vaginal. In the Euro-Asian countries with a temperate climate, the soft chancre is almost never found and is distributed mainly in Africa, Central and South America.

Pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of chancroid.
In places where bacteria penetrate (through wounds and cracks), a red edematous spot appears. It quickly turns into a painful abscess that ulcerates. Such symptoms appear after an incubation period that lasts from 1 to 10 to 15 days.
pustules occur on the foreskin, on the head or shaft of the penis. In women, a venereal ulcer is found on the labia, vaginal vestibule, clitoris, cervix, and pubis.
With oral sexual intercourse, a venereal ulcer affects the mucous membrane of the mouth, lips, and pharynx. During anal intercourse, the anus is affected.
The body does not develop immunity to a soft chancre, therefore, after successful treatment, re-infection is possible.
When the disease is neglected, complications are possible - this is a lesion of the lymphatic system - lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and / or (in men) phimosis (narrowing of the opening of the foreskin), paraphimosis (infringement of the glans penis by the narrowed foreskin).

Diagnosis of soft chancre. For diagnosis, a sample of purulent discharge is taken. The drug is stained. Microscopic examination of the preparation shows rows of chains of gram-negative small rods. For a soft chancre, the arrangement of sticks in the form of a "flock of fish" among leukocytes is characteristic. Such an arrangement of the microbe, its characteristic color, the absence of other flora indicate the presence of the chancroid pathogen.

Treatment of soft chancre.
Soft chancre is successfully treated either with drugs. To reduce inconvenience and pain, local antibiotics in the form of ointments are used. General tonic and immunomodulating agents are also recommended to supplement the main treatment.
The course of treatment is usually 1-2 weeks, after which the patient must visit a doctor for six months to avoid relapses and the development of other infections, the most dangerous of which is syphilis.

Lymphogranulomatosis inguinal

Inguinal lymphogranulomatosis (Nicola-Favre disease, tropical bubo, venereal lymphopathy) is the fourth venereal disease after syphilis, gonorrhea and soft chancre. Chronic infectious disease, sexually transmitted. It is more common in hot countries. In Russia and European countries, inguinal lymphogranulomatosis is currently not registered.
The causative agent of the disease are strains of C. trachomatis belonging to
The disease causes purulent-inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes. From the moment of infection to the appearance of the first signs of the disease (incubation period) takes 10-25 days.
Symptoms of inguinal lymphogranulomatosis. The primary lesion in the form of a nodule, vesicle, or superficial skin defect (erosion) occurs at the site of the introduction of the virus; there are no subjective feelings.
The secondary period of inguinal lymphogranulomatosis usually occurs after 5 to 30 days and is characterized by lesions that increase in size, become dense, solder to each other, forming bumpy painful tumors. Patients develop fever, headaches, malaise, pain in the joints, then softening foci form in the lymph nodes, the skin over them becomes thinner, fistulous openings appear, from which thick yellow-green pus is released. Gradually, the lymph nodes decrease in size, the fistulous openings are scarred, but nearby lymph nodes are involved in the process and new openings are formed.
The secondary period lasts from 2 months to several years. The resulting scars sometimes lead to significant violations of lymph circulation and the development of elephantiasis. With the defeat of the inguinal lymph nodes, the lymphatic circulation in the genitals, perineum, and anus is disturbed.
Treatment of inguinal lymphogranulomatosis. Antibiotics are used for treatment. Injuries require surgical intervention.

Venereal granuloma

Venereal granuloma (granuloma venereum; synonyms: venereal fifth disease, Broca's venereal granuloma, tropical ulcerative granuloma, donovanosis) - a venereal disease caused by the Aragan-Vianna bacillus (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis - a gram-negative organism having the form of a coccus or a short stick with a size of 1 - 2 microns X 0 .6 - 0.8 microns), sexually transmitted, less often by household means.
It is found mainly in tropical and subtropical countries (in New Guinea, India, the Caribbean, South Africa). Venereal granuloma is a chronic slowly progressive infectious disease. It is characterized by damage to the skin of the genital organs and the formation of granulomatous in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
Clinical picture and diagnosis
The incubation period lasts from several days to 3 months. At the site of the introduction of the pathogen, more often in the region of the glans penis or labia, there is a nodule of bright red color, soft to the touch, almost painless on palpation. The ulcer grows slowly along the periphery and is sharply limited from the surrounding skin. Depending on the clinical course, ulcerative, flowering, granulomas are distinguished. The reaction depends on the form of the process. The general condition of patients is rarely disturbed.
When diagnosing venereal granuloma, the pathogen is detected in smears stained according to Leishman or Romanovsky-Giemsa.
Treatment of venereal granuloma
Drug therapy is used for treatment: 0.5 grams 4 times a day for 3 to 4 weeks, or 0.1 grams 2 times a day for 4 weeks, or 0.5 grams 4 times a day for 3 - 4 weeks. Early treatment improves the prognosis. With the timely use of antibiotics, the prognosis is favorable.

HIV AIDS

AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a disease that develops against the background of HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) infection. AIDS is the terminal (final) stage of HIV infection. human immunodeficiency, belongs to the family, genus. HIV is an unstable virus and dies (within a few hours, and at temperatures above 56 ° Celsius, almost instantly) outside the human body. HIV infection occurs through sexual intercourse, as it is present in the infected organism in the vaginal secretion, seminal fluid. HIV primarily affects blood cells. Infection can be obtained by injecting contaminated fluids into the blood and/or lymphatics. Also, the virus can be present in breast milk, so it is possible to infect the baby during feeding.

HIV transmission
Transmission of the virus through unprotected sexual contact is highly dependent on the type of contact: oral contact infects an average of 1% per 10,000 people; with vaginal - 5-10% per 10,000 people; with anal - up to 50% per 10,000 people.
Injection infection is observed in drug addicts who use reused syringes.

Clinical picture and symptoms of HIV infection
HIV infection is preceded by incubation and prodromal periods. During the incubation period (from 3 weeks to 3 months, sometimes up to a year), the virus actively reproduces, but there is no immune response to it.
Symptoms in the prodromal period include fever of unknown origin, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, weakness, skin rashes, increased night sweats - the body's response to active virus replication in the form of an acute infection clinic and immune response (production of specific antibodies). This period can last from 2 - 3 years, up to 20 or more. On average, it lasts 6-7 years.
HIV refers to - characterized by the occurrence of concomitant (opportunistic) infections of viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal genesis, malignant tumors against the background of severe immunodeficiency.
HIV can overcome the brain's protective barrier, which means that HIV can directly infect the brain and cells of the nervous system. The symptoms of such a lesion are very similar to those of brain damage from other infections (toxoplasmosis, meningitis): headache, memory loss, loss of motor control, speech problems, dizziness, seizures. Direct damage to the brain by the immunodeficiency virus is very difficult to diagnose without a puncture of the cerebrospinal fluid.

HIV treatment With antiretroviral therapy, remission of a secondary disease may occur. In the terminal state (AIDS), secondary diseases that have developed in the patient become irreversible, treatment measures lose their effectiveness, death occurs after a few months.