Whether it is possible on a roentgen. Everything you need to know about x-rays: acquisition procedure, assessment of diagnostic hazards and image interpretation

Everyone is familiar with X-rays of the lungs or any other parts of our body, for example, X-rays are often taken with a fracture as a primary examination of the patient's condition. How specialists manage to determine whether the bones are damaged and whether displacement has occurred, the method also allows you to determine the further actions of doctors that are necessary to solve the problem associated with this injury. Any plain x-ray (performed without contrast) is an excellent primary diagnostic procedure, because it is quite cheap.

Of course, in some situations it will not be enough to correctly diagnose, but experts still often resort to x-rays. For this reason, the question of how often X-rays can be taken is incredibly relevant, because almost all people know that this procedure is based on the use of harmful ionizing radiation that can accumulate in the body and sometimes even cause cancer.

X-ray damage

To answer the question of how often x-rays of the sinuses or anything else can be done, it is necessary to deal with the very harm that a simple x-ray carries. As mentioned earlier, doctors use fluoroscopy and radiography to examine the condition of the patient's bones, and if a contrast agent is used, it is possible to visualize many internal organs. Despite this, the negative impact on the body of the considered diagnostic method should not be denied, because this fact has long been proven by experts.

But do not worry too much about the common opinion about the possibility of developing oncology or even radiation sickness, which can appear only after exposure to a huge amount of radiation (more than 200 procedures on old film equipment per day). As for oncology, even after several studies, the chance of its development will be minimal.

As you might have guessed, an ordinary diagnostic procedure does not cause serious harm, because the radiation exposure even on old equipment (we are talking about film equipment) varies from 0.5 to 1.5 mSv. If the medical clinic where you applied has digital equipment, then the dose will not exceed even 0.2 mSv. It is worth mentioning that computed tomography, and even more so fluoroscopy, are those methods that involve a higher radiation exposure, because far from one picture is taken in the process.

Note! Above, we described that you should not be afraid of x-rays, but you need to understand that even small doses of ionizing radiation can cause serious harm. Of course, it is foolish to be afraid of radiation sickness, but the occurrence of tumors due to any damage associated with the genetic apparatus, as well as the appearance of certain mutations of germ cells, are quite possible consequences. Yes, the chance of developing such problems is quite small, but there are such risks, because radiation is an extremely unpredictable thing.

The consequences of an x-ray do not always appear immediately, because all the problems that have been described above have been developing secretly for a long time, that is, a person most likely will not know about them until it is too late. Also, these problems are characterized by independence from radiation doses (of course, the chance of their development increases if you do a fluorographic examination or even a simple x-ray for pneumonia or sinusitis all the time), that is, dangerous ailments can develop even from one procedure. However, we will mention once again that because of one examination, and especially for an adult, you should not be afraid. There are cases when it is extremely necessary, and people should do the same fluorography of the lungs constantly for the purpose of prevention.

Radiation exposure reduction - is it possible?

For the previously described reasons, only a doctor can answer the question of whether it is possible to do an x-ray in principle. The fact is that there are many contraindications to such a study, for example, pregnancy at any time, because ionizing radiation will cause serious harm to the fetus, which is most vulnerable to radiation. A safe annual dose is considered to be 1 mSv. Fortunately, when conducting exclusively preventive examinations, and even with some forced ones, for example, when you get injured, you most likely will not exceed this dose.

We recommend that you find out in advance from a specialist what equipment will be used for the study, because the exposure when using digital equipment will be many times less than when using film. It is also worth knowing the specific values of radiation exposure, which are assumed when conducting a study in a certain area.

While most additional scans won't require your doctor to exceed the recommended dose, many injuries mean you'll need to take a lot of follow-up scans, for example, a severe fracture of your wrist will require 4 to 6 scans in a month. An even more serious problem is observed in situations where the need for X-rays is associated with the occurrence of various pathological processes (in such situations, the number of necessary studies is always set individually, but very often the radiation exposure exceeds the norm when using film equipment).

Do not forget that there are such types of x-rays in which the permissible annual dose is exceeded immediately. An example is the study of the lumbar spine in several projections, because in this case, the radiation exposure can even reach 2 mSv.

Here are some top tips to help you reduce your radiation exposure:

Reduce procedure time. This advice is based on the fact that short-term exposure is much safer for the body. It is for this reason that you may have heard more than once that fluoroscopy is incredibly harmful, try to avoid it if possible.
Consult with a specialist about the number of shots you need. The obvious advice is that the fewer shots taken, the lower the radiation exposure. Of course, it is definitely not worth removing any important images necessary for making a diagnosis, but it is sometimes possible to exclude some projections if they do not make much sense. We note right away that this advice is not always correct, because in most situations all the projections prescribed by the doctor are necessary to obtain a sufficient amount of information. Simultaneous examination of several zones can be considered another way to reduce radiation exposure, but this is also not always possible.
Do a re-examination only in situations where it is necessary. Ask your doctor if you really need a re-examination, because in many situations, specialists prescribe it simply at the request of patients, so that they make sure that everything is fine now. Sometimes such examinations carry unnecessary radiation exposure, but if the doctor considers control images necessary, then you definitely should not refuse them.
Use protection. In good medical clinics, special protection is provided, which should be worn by people undergoing x-ray examination, it allows you to protect the rest of the body from exposure to harmful ionizing radiation.

So how often can you take an x-ray and after how much is a re-shot possible if you have already done it? There is no unequivocal answer to this question, the specialist should always consider this problem on an individual basis, focusing primarily on the dose received during the study and the one that is expected in the next procedure. You should not refuse such a diagnosis if it is necessary and if there is no possibility of choosing any other study that is safer.

Contraindications

Particular attention should be paid to contraindications, because some people simply cannot be x-rayed. The main absolute contraindication is pregnancy, because the negative effect of ionizing radiation on the fetus has long been proven. Also, you should not resort to this procedure without special need when breastfeeding, because radiation can accumulate in breast milk (if there is no alternative, then the specialist will give special recommendations for the woman, subject to which it will still be possible to carry out the procedure).

Other contraindications appear only when using a contrast agent, these include individual intolerance to its components, as well as problems such as kidney or liver failure. It is worth noting that the use of contrast requires special preparation, and indeed this is not acceptable for all people, so you should discuss with your doctor in advance the possibility of carrying out such a procedure on an individual basis.

Without medical indications, X-ray examination is prohibited.

X-rays for children

Earlier it was said that X-rays can be performed on adults, but we did not mention anything about children. So is it acceptable to use such a method at a young age? We will immediately mention which groups of people can be considered children. The fact is that for patients whose age exceeds 14 years, it is customary to apply the rules established for adults, that is, everything that was indicated earlier applies to them.

If we are talking about examining younger children, then specialists tend to use x-rays only when there are simply no alternatives, that is, with serious problems (when there is a threat to health or even life). For this reason, children do not undergo fluorography and many other preventive procedures based on the use of ionizing radiation.

As for the forced x-ray, it is necessary to use only digital equipment, because, as mentioned earlier, in this case, the harm to the body will be much less. It is important to pay special attention to protection from learning for obvious reasons. X-rays for very young children are done only in the presence of their parents, because during the procedure it is important not to move at all, and it is extremely difficult to explain this to a child, especially in the absence of parents.

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The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

X-ray diagnostic method. Types of x-ray examination of bones

X-ray of bones is one of the most common research conducted in modern medical practice. Most people are familiar with this procedure because the possibilities for applying this method are very extensive. List of indications for x-ray bones includes a large number of diseases. Only injuries and fractures of the limbs require repeated X-ray examinations.

X-ray of the bones is carried out using various equipment, there is also a variety of methods for this study. The use of the type of x-ray examination depends on the specific clinical situation, the age of the patient, the underlying disease and concomitant factors. Radiation diagnostic methods are indispensable in the diagnosis of diseases of the skeletal system and play a major role in the diagnosis.

There are the following types of x-ray examination of bones:

film radiography;
digital radiography;
x-ray densitometry;
x-ray of bones using contrast agents and some other methods.

What is an x-ray?

X-ray is one of the types of electromagnetic radiation. This type of electromagnetic energy was discovered in 1895. Electromagnetic radiation also includes sunlight, as well as light from any artificial lighting. X-rays are used not only in medicine, but are also found in ordinary nature. About 1% of the Sun's radiation reaches the Earth in the form of X-rays, which forms a natural radiation background.

The artificial production of X-rays was made possible by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, after whom they are named. He was also the first to discover the possibility of their use in medicine for "transillumination" of internal organs, primarily bones. Subsequently, this technology developed, new ways of using X-ray radiation appeared, and the radiation dose decreased.

One of the negative properties of X-ray radiation is its ability to cause ionization in the substances through which it passes. Because of this, X-rays are called ionizing radiation. In high doses, X-rays can lead to radiation sickness. For the first decades after the discovery of X-rays, this feature was unknown, which led to diseases in both doctors and patients. However, today the dose of X-ray radiation is carefully controlled and it is safe to say that the harm from X-ray radiation can be neglected.

The principle of obtaining an x-ray

Three components are needed to take an x-ray. The first one is an X-ray source. The source of X-rays is an X-ray tube. In it, under the influence of an electric current, certain substances interact and release energy, from which most of it is released in the form of heat, and a small part in the form of X-rays. X-ray tubes are part of all x-ray machines and require significant cooling.

The second component for obtaining a snapshot is the object under study. Depending on its density, partial absorption of X-rays occurs. Due to the difference in the tissues of the human body, X-ray radiation of different power penetrates outside the body, which leaves various spots on the picture. Where the X-ray radiation was absorbed to a greater extent, shadows remain, and where it passed almost unchanged, enlightenments form.

The third component for taking an x-ray is the x-ray receiver. It can be film or digital ( X-ray sensitive sensor). The most commonly used receiver today is X-ray film. It is treated with a special emulsion containing silver, which changes when X-rays hit it. The areas of enlightenment in the picture have a dark tint, and the shadows have a white tint. Healthy bones have a high density and leave a uniform shadow on the image.

Digital and film x-ray of bones

The first methods of X-ray research implied the use of a photosensitive screen or film as a receiving element. Today, X-ray film is the most commonly used X-ray detector. However, in the coming decades, digital radiography will completely replace film radiography, as it has a number of undeniable advantages. In digital radiography, sensors that are sensitive to x-rays are the receiving element.

Digital radiography has the following advantages over film radiography:

the ability to reduce the radiation dose due to the higher sensitivity of digital sensors;
increase the accuracy and resolution of the image;
simplicity and speed of obtaining a picture, no need to process a photosensitive film;
ease of storage and processing of information;
the ability to quickly transfer information.

The only drawback of digital radiography is the somewhat higher cost of the equipment compared to conventional radiography. Because of this, not all medical centers can find this equipment. Whenever possible, patients are advised to perform a digital x-ray, as it provides more complete diagnostic information and, at the same time, is less harmful.

X-ray of bones with contrast agent

Radiography of the bones of the extremities can be performed using contrast agents. Unlike other body tissues, bones have a high natural contrast. Therefore, contrast agents are used to clarify the formations adjacent to the bones - soft tissues, joints, blood vessels. These x-ray techniques are not used so often, but in some clinical situations they are indispensable.

There are the following radiopaque techniques for examining bones:

Fistulography. This technique involves filling the fistulous passages with contrast agents ( iodolipol, barium sulfate). Fistulas form in the bones in inflammatory conditions such as osteomyelitis. After the study, the substance is removed from the fistula with a syringe.
Pneumography. This study involves the introduction of gas ( air, oxygen, nitrous oxide) with a volume of about 300 cubic centimeters into soft tissue. Pneumography is performed, as a rule, with traumatic injuries combined with crushing of soft tissues, comminuted fractures.
Arthrography. This method involves filling the joint cavity with a liquid radiopaque preparation. The amount of contrast agent depends on the volume of the joint cavity. Most often, arthrography is performed on the knee joint. This technique allows you to assess the state of the articular surfaces of the bones included in the joint.
Bone angiography. This type of study involves the introduction of a contrast agent into the vascular bed. The study of bone vessels is used in tumor formations, to clarify the features of its growth and blood supply. In malignant tumors, the diameter and location of the vessels are uneven, the number of vessels is usually greater than in healthy tissues.

A bone x-ray should be performed in order to make an accurate diagnosis. In most cases, the use of a contrast agent allows you to get more accurate information and provide better care to the patient. However, it must be borne in mind that the use of contrast agents has some contraindications and limitations. The technique of using contrast agents requires time and experience from the radiologist.

X-ray and computed tomography ( CT) bones

Computed tomography is an X-ray method that has increased accuracy and information content. To date, computed tomography is the best method for examining the skeletal system. With CT, you can get a three-dimensional image of any bone in the body or sections through any bone in all possible projections. The method is accurate, but at the same time creates a high radiation load.

The advantages of CT over standard radiography are:

high resolution and accuracy of the method;
the possibility of obtaining any projection, while X-rays are usually carried out in no more than 2 - 3 projections;
the possibility of three-dimensional reconstruction of the studied part of the body;
lack of distortion, compliance with linear dimensions;
the possibility of simultaneous examination of bones, soft tissues and blood vessels;
Possibility of real-time survey.

Computed tomography is performed in cases where it is necessary to diagnose such complex diseases as osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernia, tumor diseases. In cases where the diagnosis is not particularly difficult, a conventional x-ray is performed. It is necessary to take into account the high radiation exposure of this method, which is why CT is not recommended to be performed more often than once a year.

X-ray of bones and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI)

Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) is a relatively new diagnostic method. MRI allows you to get an accurate image of the internal structures of the body in all possible planes. With the help of computer simulation tools, MRI makes it possible to perform a three-dimensional reconstruction of human organs and tissues. The main advantage of MRI is the complete absence of radiation exposure.

The principle of operation of a magnetic resonance tomograph is to impart a magnetic impulse to the atoms that make up the human body. After that, the energy released by the atoms when returning to their original state is read. One of the limitations of this method is the impossibility of using in the presence of metal implants, pacemakers in the body.

MRI usually measures the energy of hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen in the human body is found most often in the composition of water compounds. Bone contains much less water than other tissues in the body, so MRI is less accurate when examining bones than it is when examining other areas of the body. In this, MRI is inferior to CT, but still exceeds conventional radiography in accuracy.

MRI is the best method for diagnosing bone tumors, as well as metastases of bone tumors in distant areas. One of the serious disadvantages of this method is the high cost and time spent on research ( 30 minutes or more). All this time, the patient must take a stationary position in the magnetic resonance tomograph. This device looks like a tunnel of a closed structure, which is why some people experience discomfort.

X-ray and bone densitometry

The study of the structure of bone tissue is carried out in a number of diseases, as well as in the aging of the body. Most often, the study of bone structure is carried out with a disease such as osteoporosis. A decrease in the mineral content of the bones leads to their fragility, the risk of fractures, deformations and damage to neighboring structures.

An X-ray image allows you to evaluate the structure of the bones only subjectively. To determine the quantitative parameters of bone density, the content of minerals in it, densitometry is used. The procedure is fast and painless. While the patient lies motionless on the couch, the doctor examines certain parts of the skeleton using a special sensor. The most important are the data of densitometry of the femoral head and vertebrae.

There are the following types of bone densitometry:

quantitative ultrasound densitometry;
x-ray absorptiometry;
quantitative magnetic resonance imaging;
quantitative computed tomography.

X-ray type densitometry is based on the measurement of X-ray absorption by bone. If the bone is dense, then it delays most of the x-ray radiation. This method is very accurate, but has an ionizing effect. Alternative methods of densitometry ( ultrasonic densitometry) are safer, but also less accurate.

Densitometry is indicated in the following cases:

osteoporosis;
mature age ( over 40 - 50 years old);
menopause in women;
frequent bone fractures;
diseases of the spine osteochondrosis, scoliosis);
any bone damage
sedentary lifestyle ( hypodynamia).

Indications and contraindications for X-ray of the bones of the skeleton

X-ray of the bones of the skeleton has an extensive list of indications. Different diseases can be characteristic of different ages, but injuries or tumors of the bones can occur at any age. For the diagnosis of diseases of the skeletal system, X-ray is the most informative method. The X-ray method also has some contraindications, which, however, are relative. However, be aware that bone x-rays can be dangerous and harmful if used too frequently.

Indications for bone x-ray

X-ray examination is an extremely common and informative study for the bones of the skeleton. Bones are not available for direct examination, but an x-ray can provide almost all the necessary information about the condition of the bones, their shape, size and structure. However, due to the release of ionizing radiation, an X-ray of the bones cannot be performed too often and for any reason. Indications for bone x-rays are determined quite accurately and are based on the complaints and symptoms of patients' diseases.

X-ray of bones is indicated in the following cases:

traumatic injuries of bones with severe pain syndrome, deformation of soft tissues and bones;
dislocations and other damage to the joints;
anomalies in the development of bones in children;
growth lag in children;
limited mobility in the joints;
pain at rest or with movement of any part of the body;
an increase in bone volume, if a tumor is suspected;
preparation for surgical treatment;
assessment of the quality of the treatment ( fractures, transplants, etc.).

The list of skeletal diseases that are detected using x-rays is very extensive. This is due to the fact that diseases of the skeletal system are usually asymptomatic and are detected only after an X-ray examination. Some diseases, such as osteoporosis, are age-related and almost inevitable as the body ages.

X-ray of the bones in most cases allows differentiation between the listed diseases, due to the fact that each of them has reliable radiological signs. In difficult cases, especially before surgical operations, the use of computed tomography is indicated. Doctors prefer to use this study, as it is the most informative and has the least amount of distortion compared to the anatomical dimensions of the bones.

Contraindications for x-ray examination

Contraindications to X-ray examination are associated with the presence of an ionizing effect in X-rays. At the same time, all contraindications to the study are relative, since they can be neglected in emergency cases, such as fractures of the bones of the skeleton. However, if possible, the number of X-ray studies should be limited and not carried out unnecessarily.

Relative contraindications for X-ray examination include:

the presence of metal implants in the body;
acute or chronic mental illness;
severe condition of the patient massive blood loss, unconsciousness, pneumothorax);
first trimester of pregnancy;
childhood ( under 18).

X-ray with the use of contrast agents is contraindicated in the following cases:

allergic reactions to components of contrast agents;
endocrine disorders ( thyroid disease);
severe liver and kidney disease;

Due to the fact that the radiation dose in modern X-ray units is reduced, the X-ray method is becoming safer and allows removing restrictions on its use. In the case of complex injuries, x-rays are taken almost immediately in order to start treatment as soon as possible.

Irradiation doses for various methods of X-ray examination

Modern radiation diagnostics adheres to strict safety standards. X-ray radiation is measured with the help of special dosimeters, and X-ray installations undergo special certification for compliance with radiological exposure standards. Irradiation doses are not the same for different research methods, as well as for different anatomical regions. The unit of radiation dose is milliSievert ( mSv).

Irradiation doses for various bone x-ray methods

As can be seen from the data presented, computed tomography bears the greatest X-ray load. At the same time, computed tomography is the most informative method of examining bones today. It can also be concluded that digital radiography has a great advantage over film radiography, since the X-ray load is reduced by 5 to 10 times.

How often can an x-ray be taken?

X-ray radiation carries a certain danger to the human body. It is for this reason that all radiation that was received for medical purposes should be reflected in the patient's medical record. Such records should be maintained in order to comply with annual norms that limit the possible number of X-ray examinations. Thanks to the use of digital radiography, their number is sufficient to solve almost any medical problem.

The annual ionizing radiation that the human body receives from the environment ( natural background), ranges from 1 to 2 mSv. The maximum allowable dose of X-ray radiation is 5 mSv per year or 1 mSv for each of 5 years. In most cases, these values are not exceeded, since the radiation dose in a single study is several times less.

The number of X-ray examinations that can be performed during the year depends on the type of examination and the anatomical area. On average, 1 CT scan or 10 to 20 digital radiographs is allowed. However, there are no reliable data on the impact of radiation doses of 10-20 mSv annually. We can only say with certainty that to some extent they increase the risk of certain mutations and cellular disorders.

What organs and tissues suffer from ionizing radiation from x-ray machines?

The ability to cause ionization is one of the properties of X-rays. Ionizing radiation can lead to spontaneous decay of atoms, cellular mutations, failure in cell reproduction. That is why X-ray examination, which is a source of ionizing radiation, requires rationing and setting threshold values of radiation doses.

Ionizing radiation has the greatest effect on the following organs and tissues:

bone marrow, hematopoietic organs;
lens of the eye;
endocrine glands;
genitals;
skin and mucous membranes;
the fetus of a pregnant woman;
all organs of the child's body.

Ionizing radiation at a dose of 1000 mSv causes the phenomenon of acute radiation sickness. This dose enters the body only in case of catastrophes ( atomic bomb explosion). In smaller doses, ionizing radiation can lead to premature aging, malignant tumors, and cataracts. Despite the fact that the dose of X-ray radiation has significantly decreased today, there are a large number of carcinogenic and mutagenic factors in the outside world, which together can cause such negative consequences.

Is it possible to do bone x-rays for pregnant and lactating mothers?

Any x-ray examination is not recommended for pregnant women. According to the World Health Organization, a dose of 100 mSv almost inevitably causes fetal abnormalities or mutations leading to cancer. The first trimester of pregnancy is of the greatest importance, since during this period the most active development of fetal tissues and the formation of organs occurs. If necessary, all x-ray studies are transferred to the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Human studies have shown that x-rays taken after the 25th week of pregnancy do not lead to abnormalities in the baby.

For nursing mothers, there are no restrictions in performing x-rays, since the ionizing effect does not affect the composition of breast milk. Full-fledged studies in this area have not been conducted, therefore, in any case, doctors recommend that nursing mothers express the first portion of milk while breastfeeding. This will help to play it safe and maintain confidence in the health of the child.

X-ray examination of bones for children

X-ray examination for children is considered undesirable, since it is in childhood that the body is most susceptible to the negative effects of ionizing radiation. It should be noted that it is in childhood that the greatest number of injuries occur, which lead to the need to perform an X-ray examination. That is why X-rays are performed for children, but various protective devices are used to protect developing organs from radiation.

An X-ray examination is also required for growth retardation in children. In this case, x-rays are taken as many times as required, since the treatment plan includes x-rays after a certain period of time ( usually 6 months). Rickets, congenital skeletal anomalies, tumors and tumor-like diseases - all these diseases require radiation diagnostics and cannot be replaced by other methods.

Preparing for a bone x-ray

Study preparation is at the heart of any successful study. Both the quality of diagnosis and the result of treatment depend on this. Preparing for an x-ray examination is a fairly simple event and usually does not create difficulties. Only in some cases, such as x-rays of the pelvis or spine, do x-rays require special preparation.

There are some features of preparing children for x-rays. Parents should help doctors and properly psychologically prepare children for the study. It is difficult for children to remain motionless for a long time, they are also often afraid of doctors, people in white coats. Thanks to the cooperation between parents and doctors, it is possible to achieve good diagnosis and high-quality treatment of childhood diseases.

How to get a referral for a bone x-ray? Where is X-ray performed?

Bone X-rays can be performed today at almost any center that provides medical care. Despite the fact that today X-ray equipment is widely available, X-ray examinations are performed only with the direction of a doctor. This is due to the fact that x-rays to a certain extent harm human health and have some contraindications.

X-ray of the bones is performed in the direction of doctors of different specialties. Most often, it is performed urgently when providing first aid in trauma departments, emergency hospitals. In this case, the referral is issued by the on-duty traumatologist, orthopedist or surgeon. X-rays of bones may also be performed at the direction of family physicians, dentists, endocrinologists, oncologists, and other physicians.

An x-ray of the bones is performed in various medical centers, clinics, and hospitals. To do this, they are equipped with special X-ray rooms, which have everything necessary for this kind of research. X-ray diagnostics are carried out by radiologists with special knowledge in this field.

What does an X-ray room look like? What is in it?

An x-ray room is a place where x-rays of various parts of the human body are taken. The X-ray room must meet high standards of radiation protection. In the decoration of walls, windows and doors, special materials are used that have a lead equivalent, which characterizes their ability to trap ionizing radiation. In addition, it has dosimeters-radiometers and personal radiation protection equipment, such as aprons, collars, gloves, skirts and other items.

The X-ray room should have good lighting, primarily artificial, since the windows are small and natural light is not enough for high-quality work. The main equipment of the office is an X-ray unit. X-ray machines come in a variety of forms as they are designed for different purposes. All types of X-ray units are present in large medical centers, but the simultaneous operation of several of them is prohibited.

In a modern X-ray room there are the following types of X-ray units:

stationary x-ray machine allows you to perform radiography, fluoroscopy, linear tomography);
ward mobile x-ray unit;
orthopantomograph ( X-ray machine for jaws and teeth);
digital radiovisiograph.

In addition to X-ray units, the office has a large number of auxiliary tools and equipment. It also includes equipment for the workplace of a radiologist and laboratory assistant, tools for obtaining and processing x-rays.

Additional equipment for X-ray rooms includes:

a computer for processing and storing digital images;
film processing equipment;
film drying cabinets;
Consumables ( film, photoreagents);
negatoscopes ( bright screens for viewing pictures);
tables and chairs;
filing cabinets;
bactericidal lamps ( quartz) for disinfection of premises.

Preparing for a bone x-ray

The tissues of the human body, which differ in different density and chemical composition, absorb X-rays in different ways and, due to this, have a characteristic X-ray image. The bones have a high density and very good natural contrast, so most bones can be x-rayed without much preparation.

If a person is to have an x-ray examination of most of the bones, then it is enough to come to the x-ray room on time. At the same time, there are no restrictions on food intake, liquids, smoking before an X-ray examination. It is recommended that you do not bring any metal items with you, especially jewelry, as these will need to be removed prior to the examination. Any metal objects interfere with the x-ray.

The process of obtaining an X-ray image does not take much time. However, in order for the picture to turn out to be of high quality, it is very important for the patient to remain still during its execution. This is especially true for young children who are restless. X-rays for children are carried out in the presence of parents. For children less than 2 years old, X-rays are performed in the prone position, it is possible to use special fixation, which fixes the position of the child on the X-ray table.

One of the serious advantages of x-rays is the possibility of its use in emergency cases ( injuries, falls, traffic accidents) without any preparation. There is no loss in image quality. If the patient is not transportable or is in serious condition, then it is possible to perform an X-ray directly in the ward where the patient is located.

Preparation for X-ray of the pelvic bones, lumbar and sacral spine

An x-ray of the pelvic bones, lumbar and sacral spine is one of the few types of x-rays that requires special preparation. It is explained by anatomical proximity with the intestines. Intestinal gases reduce the sharpness and contrast of the x-ray, which is why special preparations are made to cleanse the intestines before this procedure.

Preparation for x-ray of the pelvis and lumbar spine includes the following main elements:

bowel cleansing with laxatives and enemas;
following a diet that reduces the formation of gases in the intestines;
conducting research on an empty stomach.

The diet should begin 2 to 3 days before the study. It excludes flour products, cabbage, onions, legumes, fatty meats and dairy products. In addition, it is recommended to take enzyme preparations ( pancreatin) and activated charcoal after meals. On the day before the examination, an enema is given or drugs such as Fortrans are taken, which help to cleanse the intestines in a natural way. The last meal should be 12 hours before the study, so that the intestines remain empty until the time of the study.

Bone X-Ray Techniques

X-ray examination is designed to examine all the bones of the skeleton. Naturally, for the study of most bones, there are special methods for obtaining x-rays. The principle of taking pictures in all cases remains the same. It involves placing the part of the body to be examined between the X-ray tube and the radiation receiver, so that the X-rays pass at right angles to the bone under examination and to the cassette with X-ray film or sensors.

The positions occupied by the components of the x-ray machine relative to the human body are called stacking. Over the years of practice, a large number of x-ray stacks have been developed. The quality of x-rays depends on the accuracy of their observance. Sometimes, in order to comply with these prescriptions, the patient has to take a forced position, but the X-ray examination is performed very quickly.

Laying usually involves taking pictures in two mutually perpendicular projections - front and side. Sometimes the study is supplemented by an oblique projection, which helps to get rid of the overlap of some parts of the skeleton on each other. In the event of a severe injury, some styling becomes impossible. In this case, an X-ray is performed in the position that causes the least discomfort to the patient and which will not lead to displacement of the fragments and aggravation of the injury.

Method for examining the bones of the limbs ( hands and feet)

X-ray examination of the tubular bones of the skeleton is the most frequent X-ray examination. These bones make up the bulk of the bones, the skeleton of the arms and legs is completely made up of tubular bones. The technique of X-ray examination should be familiar to anyone who has received injuries to the arms or legs at least once in their life. The study takes no more than 10 minutes, it does not cause pain or discomfort.

Tubular bones can be examined in two perpendicular projections. The main principle of any X-ray image is the location of the object under study between the emitter and the X-ray sensitive film. The only condition for a high-quality image is the immobility of the patient during the study.

Before the study, the limb section is exposed, all metal objects are removed from it, the study area is placed in the center of the cassette with x-ray film. The limb should “lie” freely on the film cassette. The X-ray beam is directed to the center of the cassette perpendicular to its plane. The picture is taken in such a way that adjacent joints are also included in the x-ray. Otherwise, it is difficult to distinguish between the upper and lower end of the tubular bone. In addition, the large coverage of the area helps to eliminate damage to the joints or adjacent bones.

Usually, each bone is examined in direct and lateral projection. Sometimes pictures are performed in conjunction with functional tests. They consist in flexion and extension of the joint or load on the limb. Sometimes, due to injury or the inability to change the position of the limb, it is necessary to use special projections. The main condition is to maintain the perpendicularity of the cassette and the X-ray emitter.

The technique of X-ray examination of the bones of the skull

X-ray examination of the skull is usually performed in two mutually perpendicular projections - lateral ( in profile) and direct ( full face). An x-ray of the skull bones is prescribed for head injuries, with endocrine disorders, for diagnosing deviations from indicators of age-related bone development in children.

X-ray of the bones of the skull in direct anterior projection provides general information about the condition of the bones and the connections between them. It can be performed in a standing or lying position. Usually the patient lies on the X-ray table on the stomach, a roller is placed under the forehead. The patient remains motionless for several minutes while the X-ray tube is directed to the occipital region and the picture is taken.

X-ray of the bones of the skull in a lateral projection is used to study the bones of the base of the skull, the bones of the nose, but is less informative for other bones of the facial skeleton. To perform an x-ray in a lateral projection, the patient is placed on the x-ray table on his back, the film cassette is placed on the left or right side of the patient's head parallel to the body axis. The X-ray tube is directed perpendicular to the cassette from the opposite side, 1 cm above the ear-pupillary line.

Sometimes doctors use an x-ray of the bones of the skull in the so-called axial projection. It corresponds to the vertical axis of the human body. This styling has a parietal and chin direction, depending on which side the X-ray tube is located on. It is informative for the study of the base of the skull, as well as some bones of the facial skeleton. Its advantage is that it avoids the many overlaps of bones that are characteristic of direct projection.

X-ray of the skull in axial projection consists of the following steps:

the patient takes off metal objects, outerwear;
the patient takes a horizontal position on the X-ray table, lying on his stomach;
the head is positioned in such a way that the chin protrudes as much as possible forward, and only the chin and the front surface of the neck touch the table;
under the chin is a cassette with x-ray film;
the x-ray tube is directed perpendicular to the plane of the table, to the region of the crown, the distance between the cassette and the tube should be 100 cm;
after that, a picture is taken with the chin direction of the x-ray tube in a standing position;
the patient throws his head back so that the top of the head touches the support platform, ( raised x-ray table), and the chin was as high as possible;
the x-ray tube is directed perpendicular to the anterior surface of the neck, the distance between the cassette and the x-ray tube is also 1 meter.

Methods of X-ray of the temporal bone according to Stanvers, according to Schüller, according to Mayer

The temporal bone is one of the main bones that form the skull. In the temporal bone there are a large number of formations to which muscles are attached, as well as holes and channels through which nerves pass. Due to the abundance of bone formations in the facial region, X-ray examination of the temporal bone is difficult. That is why a variety of styling has been proposed to obtain special X-ray images of the temporal bone.

Currently, three projections of X-ray examination of the temporal bone are used:

Mayer technique ( axial projection). It is used to study the state of the middle ear, the pyramid of the temporal bone and the mastoid process. Mayer X-ray is performed in the supine position. The head is turned at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane, a cassette with x-ray film is placed under the ear under study. The X-ray tube is directed through the frontal bone of the opposite side, it should be directed exactly to the center of the external auditory opening of the side under study.
Method according to Schüller ( oblique projection). With this projection, the state of the temporomandibular joint, mastoid process, as well as the pyramid of the temporal bone is assessed. X-ray is performed lying on your side. The patient's head is turned to the side, and a cassette with X-ray film is placed between the ear of the examined side and the couch. The X-ray tube is located at a slight angle to the vertical and directed towards the foot end of the table. The X-ray tube is centered on the auricle of the examined side.
Method according to Stanvers ( transverse projection). A picture in a transverse projection allows you to assess the condition of the inner ear, as well as the pyramid of the temporal bone. The patient lies on his stomach, his head is turned at an angle of 45 degrees to the line of symmetry of the body. The cassette is placed in a transverse position, the X-ray tube is beveled at an angle to the head end of the table, the beam is directed to the center of the cassette. For all three techniques, an X-ray tube in a narrow tube is used.

Various x-ray techniques are used to study specific formations of the temporal bone. In order to determine the need for one or another type of styling, doctors are guided by the patient's complaints and the data of an objective examination. Currently, computed tomography of the temporal bone serves as an alternative to various types of X-ray stacking.

X-ray laying of the zygomatic bones in a tangential projection

To examine the zygomatic bone, the so-called tangential projection is used. It is characterized by the fact that X-rays propagate tangentially ( tangentially) in relation to the edge of the zygomatic bone. This styling is used to identify fractures of the zygomatic bone, the outer edge of the orbit, the maxillary sinus.

The X-ray technique of the zygomatic bone includes the following steps:

the patient takes off his outer clothing, jewelry, metal prostheses;
the patient takes a horizontal position on the stomach on the x-ray table;
the patient's head is rotated at an angle of 60 degrees and placed on a cassette containing x-ray film measuring 13 x 18 cm;
the side of the face being examined is on top, the x-ray tube is located strictly vertically, however, due to the tilt of the head, x-rays pass tangentially to the surface of the zygomatic bone;
during the study, 2 - 3 shots are taken with slight turns of the head.

Depending on the task of the study, the angle of rotation of the head can vary within 20 degrees. The focal length between the tube and the cassette is 60 centimeters. An x-ray of the zygomatic bone can be supplemented with an overview image of the bones of the skull, since all formations examined in a tangential projection are quite clearly visible on it.

Method of X-ray examination of the pelvic bones. Projections in which an x-ray of the pelvic bones is performed

X-ray of the pelvis is the main study for injuries, tumors, and other diseases of the bones of this area. An x-ray of the pelvic bones takes no more than 10 minutes, but there is a wide variety of methods for this study. The most common x-ray of the pelvic bones is performed in the posterior projection.

The sequence of performing a survey x-ray of the pelvic bones in the posterior projection includes the following steps:

the patient enters the X-ray room, removes metal jewelry and clothing, except for underwear;
the patient lies on the x-ray table on his back and maintains this position throughout the procedure;
arms should be crossed on the chest, and a roller is placed under the knees;
the legs should be slightly apart, the feet fixed in the established position with tape or sandbags;
the cassette with a film measuring 35 x 43 cm is located transversely;
the x-ray emitter is directed perpendicular to the cassette, between the upper anterior iliac crest and the pubic symphysis;
the minimum distance between the emitter and the film is one meter.

If the patient's limbs are damaged, then the legs are not given a special position, since this can lead to displacement of the fragments. Sometimes X-rays are taken to examine only one part of the pelvis, such as for injuries. In this case, the patient takes a position on the back, however, a slight rotation occurs in the pelvis, so that the healthy half is 3–5 cm higher. The intact leg is flexed and elevated, the thigh is vertical and out of range of the study. X-ray beams are directed perpendicular to the femoral neck and cassette. This projection gives a lateral view of the hip joint.

To study the sacroiliac joint, a posterior oblique projection is used. It is performed when the examined side is raised by 25 - 30 degrees. In this case, the cassette must be located strictly horizontally. The x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the cassette, the distance from the beam to the anterior iliac spine is about 3 centimeters. When the patient is positioned in this way, the X-ray image clearly shows the connection between the sacrum and the ilium.

Determining the age of the skeleton by X-ray of the hand in children

Bone age accurately indicates the biological maturity of the body. Indicators of bone age are the points of ossification and fusion of individual parts of the bones ( synostoses). On the basis of bone age, it is possible to accurately determine the final growth of children, to establish a lag or advance in development. Bone age is determined by radiographs. After the radiographs were made in this way, the results obtained are compared with the standards according to special tables.

The most indicative in determining the age of the skeleton is the x-ray of the hand. The convenience of this anatomical region is explained by the fact that ossification points appear in the hand with a fairly high frequency, which allows regular examination and monitoring of growth rates. Bone age is mainly used to diagnose endocrine disorders such as growth hormone deficiency ( growth hormone).

Comparison of the age of the child and the appearance of ossification points on the x-ray of the hand

Ossification points

Each person more than once in his life took X-rays, which are so necessary to clarify the diagnosis. This procedure is prescribed for all age groups: both babies of the first year of life and the elderly. Based on this, many people have a question, how often can an x-ray be taken. This article will answer this question in as much detail as possible.

Is radiography considered dangerous?

The body of all people is characterized by individual resistance to radiation. But despite this, there are generally accepted indicators that medical professionals adhere to. Answering the question of how many times a year an X-ray can be done, some doctors are of the opinion that the frequency of this procedure depends on how much the patient's condition requires.

Sometimes frequent monitoring is necessary for the timely detection of pathologies. This opinion is not always rational, since a greater number of chest diseases can be detected using the safest methods, which include:

general blood analysis;
ultrasound diagnostics;
listening.

This judgment is rational in the presence of suspicions of lung cancer or pneumonia. X-rays load the human body. X-rays are especially dangerous when living in conditions of increased environmental pollution, which is acceptable to any large industrial city. Of course, it is best to avoid frequent examinations if possible, but it happens that there is an urgent need for radiography.

Important! If the patient suffers from a serious illness, for example, a complex stage of pneumonia, then the procedure is allowed to be carried out several times a month. In this case, the risk from the disease will be higher than the possible harm from x-ray exposure.

A modern diagnostic device is considered a rather expensive device.

In addition, answering the question of how harmful X-rays are, most doctors argue that serious radiation exposure is possible only when using an old device. Today there is a big difference between the x-ray equipment of the last century. A modern device significantly reduces the dosage of radiation that has a negative effect on the patient.

In addition, there is a non-destructive body X-ray, in which the study is carried out on the selected area. Radiation load, which is directed to a separate area, is subjected to patients undergoing CT, MRI.

How often can x-rays be taken?

The question often arises of how often it is allowed to take x-rays for an adult and a child. This is especially true when the availability of images is necessary for several doctors, for example, for a pulmonologist and a cardiologist. If the patient's condition is stable, then the picture is valid for 1 year.

There is no unequivocal answer to the question of how many times an x-ray can be done, since it depends on the individuality of the patient, his condition, age, stage of the disease, and the features of the x-ray machine. For different categories, there is an individually permitted frequency of the study.

X-rays of the extremities of children are allowed to be carried out no more than 5 times a year. Radiation exposure is harmful not only to babies, but also to adolescents. Examination of the brain, trunk is not recommended without the presence of viscous indications.

Although the most modern devices have a weak radiation background, which practically does not have a detrimental effect on the body of children.

An examination of an adult is carried out based on the following standards:

X-rays of the lungs in adults should not be done more than 1 time per year. However, some professions require more frequent examinations, in which case the x-ray is replaced by fluorography, which has a more weakened radiation effect.
X-ray of the teeth is carried out no more than once a year, when the rays are fed through the spine or brain. If the survey is carried out from the side and has a point effect on the teeth, then it is allowed to do an examination up to 5 times a year.
The sinuses are allowed to be removed no more than once a year, since they are close to the brain.
Examination of the spine is the most unfavorable procedure, with the frequency of which it is better not to overdo it. Usually it does not exceed once a year.

Dental x-ray photo - low dose procedure

Important! CT carries the highest radiation load, the number of micro-roentgens during this procedure reaches 1100 mR per hour.

Is it possible to do an x-ray of a nursing woman

There are situations when a nursing woman needs to take an x-ray. At the same time, many people have a natural question whether it is possible to feed a child after the procedure. And today, fluorography is carried out even within the walls of the maternity hospital. In this case, it is recommended to feed before the procedure. After the X-ray, the milk must be expressed and poured out.

The next feeding can be carried out as usual. If a woman is being examined for the intended purpose, especially with the use of a dye, then it is recommended to refrain from breastfeeding during the day. Important! When taking x-rays for a nursing woman, the chest area should be covered with a protective screen.

Is it possible to reduce the negative impact of x-rays with frequent

In order for radiography to bring as few negative effects as possible, it is recommended to adhere to the following simple recommendations:

first of all, you can strengthen the body by taking antioxidants, for example, the Omega-3 complex;
you can increase immunity with the help of vitamin preparations, consisting of vitamins of the P, B, A, E, C groups;
you should consume more fermented milk products before and after the procedure;
if you eat oatmeal, prunes, granular bread, then you can remove the harmful elements that have entered the body during the examination.

Radiography is sometimes a necessary and far from useful procedure that allows you to timely identify many diseases. Its frequent use can cause irreparable consequences for the body.

Radiography is one of the most common methods of laboratory research, which is used in many areas of medicine. It makes it possible to identify various diseases and pathologies and start treatment in a timely manner. However, during the examination, the human body is exposed to X-ray radiation, which is harmful to it and can cause certain complications. Undoubtedly, modern devices are made using innovative technologies that reduce the level of danger, but despite this, many people are afraid to go to the hospital. To dispel their fears, let's figure out how often you can take an x-ray without harm to health. We'll also look at a few ways you can reduce your risk of developing radiation problems.

What it is?

What is radiography? Many of us have heard this term but do not fully understand its meaning. This is one of the modern research methods that allows you to study in detail the internal structure of the body. It was discovered in 1895 by the German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen, after whom it is named.

An X-ray diagnostic apparatus is used for the study. It sends electromagnetic radiation through the human body, projecting an image of the internal organs on a special film. If there are any problems with him, the doctor will be able not only to learn about the disease, but also to obtain detailed information about the nature of its origin and the stage of the course.

To date, radiation diagnostics is used in many areas of medicine:

traumatology;
dentistry;
pneumology;
gastroenterology;
oncology.

In addition to medicine, radiography is widely used in industry. With its help, manufacturers of various groups of goods can detect even minor defects, which has a positive effect on the quality of the finished product.

What information does radiodiagnosis provide?

Let's dwell on this in more detail. Many people are interested in what x-rays show. As noted earlier, with its help, doctors can confirm or deny the presence of almost any pathology. The final diagnosis is made after deciphering the image, showing all the infiltrated shadows and air cavities, which can be foreign objects, inflammatory or other pathological syndrome. At the same time, the X-ray readings are highly informative. It provides an opportunity not only to identify the disease, but also to assess its severity and form of the course.

The effect of electromagnetic rays on the body

This aspect deserves special attention. Many people wonder if fluorography and x-rays are really dangerous. Both methods have a number of differences, but there is one common detail: during the diagnosis, the human body is exposed to X-ray radiation with short wavelengths. As a result of this, ionization of atoms and molecules occurs in soft tissues, as a result of which their structure changes.

Exposure to very high doses can lead to the development of many serious complications, namely:

radiation sickness;
damage to internal organs;
the formation of burns on the skin;
extensive internal bleeding.

As a result of all of the above, a person dies in just a few hours after exposure. As for the small doses that X-rays are associated with, there is also harm. Their regular intake can cause exacerbation of chronic diseases. In addition, there is a high probability of genetic changes that can be inherited.

Safe radiation exposure

Many people are interested in what It is very difficult to answer this question unambiguously, since everything here depends on the type of equipment. But you can be completely sure that it is safe. A lethal dose is 15 Sv, while for modern devices it is several hundred times less, so there is no danger to life. But according to experts, if you undergo radiation diagnostics too often, then certain harm to health is inflicted.

The World Health Organization has devoted a lot of time to studying the dangers of x-rays. It has been established that the safe annual dose of radiation is 500 m3v. However, domestic doctors are trying to reduce it to 50 m3v. This is due to the fact that every day people are exposed to background radiation, which does not pose any threat to health, but gradually accumulates in the body.

It is worth noting that doctors calculate a safe dose individually for each patient. This takes into account his clinical picture, lifestyle, environmental conditions and radioactive background in the region of residence. The data obtained are recorded in the medical record and used to control the radiation received by the patient. If the established limit has been exhausted, then radiography is not prescribed until the end of the period.

What could be the consequences?

Let's take a closer look at this aspect. Fluorography and x-rays are not particularly dangerous if they are done no more than once a year. Frequent exposures can lead not only to exacerbation of existing, but also to the development of new diseases.

In most cases, the following pathologies are manifested:

bronchospasm;
changes in the chemical composition of the blood;
angioedema;
erythropenia;
thrombocytopenia;
cancerous tumors;
urticaria;
premature aging;
cataract;
immunosuppression, which can develop into immunodeficiency;
metabolic disorder;
erectile disfunction;
blood cancer.

In addition, the harm of x-rays extends to future generations. Children can be born with various physical and mental disabilities. As statistics show, over the past 100 years since the beginning of the use of radiation diagnostics, the gene pool of the population around the world has deteriorated significantly. Life expectancy has decreased, and oncological diseases have been diagnosed at an even younger age than before.

Contraindications

It is advisable to familiarize yourself with this aspect in the very first place. Deciding to visit an X-ray room, it is necessary to take into account that X-ray diagnostics may not always be carried out. It should be avoided if you have the following health problems:

extremely serious condition;
type 2 diabetes mellitus;
active tuberculosis;
open pneumothorax;
renal and hepatic insufficiency or dysfunction of these organs;
iodine intolerance;
internal bleeding;
any thyroid disease.

Irradiation doses for various types of x-rays

So what do you need to know about it? On modern equipment, the level of exposure is minimal. It can be equal to background radiation or slightly exceed it. This allows you to take x-rays more often, without causing severe harm to human health. Even if the picture turns out to be of poor quality and the examination will have to be carried out several times, the total exposure will not exceed 50 percent of the annual norm. The exact numbers depend on the type of device used.

analog fluorography - no more than 0.2 m3v;
digital fluorography - no more than 0.06 m3v;
x-ray of the neck and cervical region - no more than 0.1 m3v;
examination of the head - no more than 0.4 m3v;
a picture of the abdominal region - no more than 0.4 m3v;
detailed radiography - no more than 0.03 m3v;
dental x-ray - no more than 0.1 m3v.

A person receives the largest dose of x-rays when examining internal organs. And this is despite a small radiation exposure. The thing is that the procedure takes a long time, so in one session an adult receives about 3.5 m3 of radiation.

How many times a year can I have x-rays?

Radiation diagnostics is prescribed if conventional examination methods do not make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis. It is difficult to say how often it can be passed, since everything here depends on how many percent the annual limit has been exhausted. It is undesirable to take x-rays too often, especially if large areas of the body are being irradiated. The index of susceptibility, which is individual for each person, also plays an important role. Radiation causes the greatest harm to internal organs and endocrine glands. As a rule, doctors do not give their patients x-rays more than once a year. But in some cases, re-diagnosis can be carried out 6 months after the previous one. In the presence of serious pathologies requiring constant monitoring, the interval can be reduced to 45 days. During this time, soft tissues and internal organs have time to recover a little from exposure to radiation.

In what cases can a second x-ray be performed?

It is not always possible to follow all safety rules. In medical practice, there are a number of cases in which it becomes necessary to conduct x-rays after a short period of time, namely:

if the specialist cannot make out what the x-ray shows, due to the poor quality of the picture;
to confirm the diagnosis after the X-ray;
to assess the patient's condition and the development of pathology;
for detailed information about the course of therapy.

Only the attending physician can decide on a re-examination. This takes into account the total level of radiation exposure and the area that will be exposed to radiation. The only exceptions are people with cancer. They can be x-rayed up to four times a month.

How is the examination carried out?

There is nothing complicated about radiography. It doesn't require any preparation. In order to reduce the negative effects of radiation, the patient is given special protective collars, into which lead plates are sewn. Only the examined area of the body is left open. Comprehensive diagnostics last no more than 15 minutes.

It goes according to the following scheme:

The patient enters the office, removes all metal objects from himself and exposes the desired part of the body.
Then he sits on a chair or takes a lying position in a special booth.
Immediate radiological diagnosis is carried out.
An x-ray film is developed and a transcript of the image is written.
The doctor makes the final diagnosis based on the results.

Here, in fact, is the whole procedure. As a rule, everything works out the first time, but if the image quality is low, then the patient is sent for a second examination.

Precautionary measures

To reduce the risk of developing possible complications, you should not undergo x-rays more often than the doctor's orders. In addition, it is desirable to be examined in medical institutions equipped with modern and safer equipment.

Doctors, in order to minimize the harm from exposure to radiation, try to reduce the area of irradiation. For this, patients are given special hats, gloves and aprons. In order for the x-ray to be successful and not have to be redone, it is necessary to strictly follow all the instructions of the specialists. It is necessary to fix the body in the desired position, as well as hold your breath for a certain time.

How to get rid of radiation?

To minimize x-ray damage and help your body recover faster, you need to make some adjustments to your daily diet.

The following products contribute to the removal of radiation:

milk;
prunes;
fresh fruits and vegetables;
red wine;
pomegranate juice;
prunes;
seaweed;
fish;
any food that contains iodine.

Thus, by eating properly, you can quickly cleanse your body of harmful radiation.

Conclusion

The x-ray itself is not as scary as many people think it is. If you follow all the recommendations of the doctor, nothing terrible will happen to your health. On the contrary, it can save a life, since it can be used to identify serious pathologies at the earliest stages of development. Therefore, if you have been assigned an x-ray, then you should not be afraid. Feel free to go to the clinic and get tested.