fungal flora. Fungal infection: symptoms, treatment regimen and photo Fungal microflora
I have been sick for more than 2 years, it all started with the treatment of coccal flora, I took a lot of antibiotics, so the flora was either coccal or fungal. At the stage of treatment, a strong burning sensation began, the flora disappeared, fungi appeared, and then off we go. I changed many doctors, passed a lot of tests - constantly a fungus, sticks either appeared or disappeared, but the treatment did not help, on the 2nd-3rd day there was always an increase in burning sensation, I took a lot of medicines for thrush, locally medicines only caused worsening. I despaired and abandoned the treatment, only the reaction to clotrimazole ointment was less, and then the oven stopped altogether and felt a little better. Sexual life is unbearable, a strong feeling of dryness, although the cream softened, but the perineum was constantly rubbed, swollen.
I turned to the doctor at the institute, for the first time I passed tests for genital herpes and papillomavirus. Before that, I already had a mixed flora and the doctors insisted that this was the norm and there should be no complaints. After this clinic, I became very ill from normal - herpes, papillomavirus, staphylococcus, dysplasia were found, according to the doctor, all in an acute period. But during these 2 years I have never had rashes and papillomas on the genitals, and a year ago there was no dysplasia in our local hospital. It’s much easier for me, I can already wash myself, but before there was dryness from water,complaints only of burning. Can there be such diseases without rashes? Could this be a mistake? Treatment - "Allokin", "Isoprinosine", "Genferon", "Epigalin", "Tazalok". Is the treatment regimen correct?
I think that you are a completely healthy woman, from whom they have been trying to make a sick woman for two years. If nothing bothers you at this stage of your life, calm down and take a break from endless examinations and treatments. You will find other useful information on this topic in the publications and questions and answers on this site.
Currently, there is an increase in the number of oncological diseases, and it is in the developed countries of the world. This led Dr. David Servan-Schreiber, author of Anti-Cancer (download: anti-cancer book) to suggest that something in Western lifestyle prevents the body from effectively defending itself against this disease. After all, it is known that defective cells are constantly formed in the body of any person, but during normal operation, the body detects and destroys them.
Modern officially recognized treatment consists of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. However, it is clear that this is not a panacea. Therefore, it makes sense not to neglect the natural ability of the body to defend itself against tumors, both for the prevention of disease and during the course of treatment.
Among the many theories of triggering cancer processes in the body, the most interesting from my point of view are stress and infection theories. And it's not about any stress, but only long-term, chronic, associated with the constant suppression of one's emotions and needs (according to L. Temoshok), a sense of helplessness and resentment. You can read more about psychosomatic predisposition to oncology and .
Against the background of such emotions, as well as an unfavorable environmental situation, weakening, malfunctioning of the immune system, and chronic infections may become more active. Various sources (http://www.rmj.ru/articles_855.htm) mention the activation of a fungal infection in oncological diseases. The Italian doctor Tullio Simoncini considers candidiasis to be the cause of cancer and in his clinic treats patients who have been abandoned by official medicine with a soda solution.
In general, having analyzed alternative approaches to the prevention and treatment of cancer, such as fasting, taking amygdalin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUUTimigYxs, soda, etc. - you can see some common points:
All of these drugs are really aimed at suppressing the fungal flora in order to allow the immune system to perform its normal function of getting rid of defective cells. The same thing happens with fasting.
Candida loves sweet carbohydrates, not bitter drugs and soda, and certainly not starvation. Perhaps this is precisely the anti-cancer effect of these methods. And not in the direct action of all these substances on cancer cells.
True, these things will probably be most effective when they are combined, as well as while changing attitudes to chronic stress and revising one's life values, a positive attitude towards recovery.
If a panacea exists, it is only in our heads, in our minds, the possibilities of which are enormous. " If you want to have what never had, needed do what never did . » In this case, it is quite applicable to health and lifestyle.
Prevention of cancer through nutrition is very important and from the point of view of David Servan-Schreiber, he gives 4 approaches to anti-cancer biology, both for the body and for the spirit:
1. arm yourself against the disturbed balance of the environment;
2. organize your diet in such a way as to reduce the number of cancer pathogens and include as many phytochemical components as possible that actively fight against tumors;
3. understand—and heal—the psychological trauma that fuels the biological mechanisms at work in cancer processes;
4. take advantage of the part of our body that affects the immune system and calms the inflammatory processes that allow tumors to grow (we are talking about. When a person gives up, his immune system does the same).
It is necessary to visit a gynecologist every six months. This will keep women's health under control and timely identify diseases. The simplest and most affordable research method in gynecology is taking a gynecological smear.
Deciphering such an analysis will allow the doctor to see changes in the female reproductive system that are not visible during an external examination.
- Taking a smear is an absolutely painless procedure and takes only a couple of minutes. It does not pose a health hazard, it can be carried out even in pregnant women.
When should you take a smear for flora?
Deciphering the analysis of the smear on the flora can tell the gynecologist about the presence of genital infections, inflammation, hormonal disorders in the woman's body.
A smear on the flora (gynecological smear) is mandatory if a woman complains of the following nature:
- Discharge of an unusual color from the genital tract.
- Abdominal pain at rest or during sexual intercourse.
- Feeling of itching and burning in the genital area.
- The appearance of an unpleasant odor in the discharge.
Smears are also taken during preventive examinations.
Interpretation of smear results
With the help of letters, the doctor marks the place where the smear is taken. The letters of the Latin alphabet are usually used: V, C, U.
Swabs are taken from three points: the vagina (V-vagina), the cervix (C-cervix) and the urethra (U-uretra).
In deciphering a smear on the flora in women, you can find the strange word "cocci". Cocci are microorganisms that have a rounded shape. This is a group of conditionally pathogenic organisms that are constantly present in the body.
However, they must be in a certain amount. As soon as their number exceeds the permissible, cocci can cause unpleasant symptoms due to inflammation. In gynecology, this condition is called nonspecific colpitis.
Cocci are divided into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This division has an important diagnostic value in determining the pathogenicity of a microorganism that has settled in the vagina.
Coccal flora in a smear, gr.+ or gr.- cocci
smear on the flora of cocci bacillus
The division of microbes into gram-negative and gram-positive appeared in microbiology after a Danish scientist named Gram revealed the ability of microorganisms to stain in different colors, depending on the degree of their resistance to antibiotics.
When staining the preparations, a special dye of dark blue or violet color was used. The scientist noticed that some microbes are colored blue, while others are pink, although the dye is the same.
After careful research, it was found that pink or crimson-colored microbes are less sensitive to antibiotics. In order for them to die, considerable efforts should be made.
Microorganisms that stained well in blue were called gram-positive (gram +), and those that remained pink - gram-negative (gram-).
The pale coloration and resistance to antibacterial drugs was explained simply: these bacteria had a thicker shell. The structure of the wall has a more complex structure than that of gram (+) cocci, which means that it is much more difficult for a dye or an antibiotic to penetrate into its layers.
For a gynecologist, this separation is important. Detection of gram (+) cocci in a smear is allowed. These microorganisms include staphylococcus and streptococcus, which may be present in the vagina of a healthy woman.
Gram(-) cocci can cause disease. The most common representatives of this group in gynecology are gonococci, the causative agents of gonorrhea.
What are Dederlein sticks?
An obligatory element of women's health is the rod flora in the vagina. Dederlein sticks is a generalized name that combines large and immobile gram-positive rods that provide the normal microflora of the female genital organs.
They can be found under the name lactobacilli or gram-positive rods.
Dederlein sticks play an important role in a woman's life:
- They help maintain an acidic environment in the vagina, which ensures careful selection of spermatozoa during fertilization.
- As you know, spermatozoa do not live long in an acidic environment. Therefore, inferior, weakened male cells are the first to die, which allows only the strongest and most enduring to reach the goal.
- Suppress the development of pathogenic microorganisms through the activation of macrophages.
- They secrete hydrogen peroxide - helps to "keep clean" in the vagina.
In a smear of a healthy woman, Dederlein sticks should be in large quantities. A decrease in their number indicates possible problems with women's health.
What is leptotrix in a smear?
Leptotrix is an opportunistic pathogen. It is a gram (+) anaerobic bacillus that inhabits water bodies. Under the microscope, leptothrix looks like a hair - a long and thin stick.
It is believed that leptotrixes are not sexually transmitted, and their presence in a smear is not a cause for concern if no other abnormalities are found.
A feature of these bacteria is that they often accompany other pathogenic microorganisms - Trichomonas and Chlamydia. In this case, the doctor will prescribe medications to treat several pathogens at once.
If leptotrixes are detected during pregnancy planning, treatment is mandatory. It was revealed that they can cause miscarriages, cause inflammation in the membranes, and infect the child.
smear analysis
After receiving the results of the tests, it is sometimes very difficult to understand the numbers and letters written by the doctor. In fact, everything is not so difficult. In order to understand whether you have gynecological diseases, you need to know the norm indicators when deciphering the smear analysis for flora. There are few of them.
In the analysis of a smear in an adult woman, the normal indicators are as follows:
- Squamous epithelium (pl.ep.) - normally, its amount should be within fifteen cells in the field of view. If the figure is higher, then this is evidence of inflammatory diseases. If less - a sign of hormonal disorders.
- Leukocytes (L) - these cells are allowed, as they help fight infection. The number of leukocytes in the vagina and urethra is not more than ten, and in the cervical region - up to thirty.
- Dederlein sticks - a healthy woman should have a lot of them. A small number of lactobacilli indicates a disturbed vaginal microflora.
- Mucus - should be present, but only in small quantities.
The presence of fungi of the genus Candida, small rods, gram (-) cocci, Trichomonas, gonococci and other microorganisms in the results of the analysis indicates the presence of the disease and requires a deeper study and treatment.
Table for decoding the smear norm in women (flora)
| Index | Values of normal indicators | ||
| Vagina (V) | Cervical canal (C) | Urethra (U) | |
| Leukocytes | 0-10 | 0-30 | 0-5 |
| Epithelium | 5-10 | 5-10 | 5-10 |
| Slime | Moderately | Moderately | |
| Gonococci(Gn) | No | No | No |
| Trichomonas | No | No | No |
| key cells | No | No | No |
| Candida (yeast) | No | No | No |
| Microflora | A large number of Gram + sticks (Dederlein sticks) | No | No |
Degrees of purity of the vagina
Often the doctor writes out a referral for a smear analysis for purity. With this method, the "degree of purity" of the vagina is revealed. There are four in total. Only the first and second degrees are normal, the third and fourth degrees signal the presence of diseases of the genital tract.
1 degree - an ideal option, which, unfortunately, is rare. Leukocytes in the smear do not exceed the permissible limits. The flora is represented by a large number of Dederlein sticks, mucus and desquamated epithelial cells in a small amount.
2 degree - The most common variant of the norm, in which leukocytes are within the normal range, mucus and epithelium are in moderate amounts. A small amount of cocci or Candida fungi appears, lactobacilli in large quantities.
3 degree - a large amount of mucus and epithelial cells is determined in the smear. There are few useful lactobacilli, instead there is an increased number of Candida fungi and pathogenic microbes.
4 degree - there are so many leukocytes that the doctor describes them with the term "completely." A very large number of pathogens. Dederlein's sticks are absent. Mucus and epithelium in large quantities.
The first and second degrees do not require treatment, and the last two degrees indicate an inflammatory process caused by a particular pathogen and require urgent therapy.
Smear on flora during pregnancy
For the entire period of pregnancy, it is done three times, during screening examinations: at the time of registration, at the 30th week and before the expected date of birth.
The analysis is carried out in order to prevent diseases of the genital area, which can complicate childbirth or cause diseases in the newborn.
The indicators of a smear of a pregnant woman differ from those of a non-pregnant woman in the quantitative composition of the flora.
During the period of bearing a baby, the number of Dederlein sticks increases tenfold. This is necessary to maintain an acidic environment, which has a deadly effect on pathogenic microbes, protecting the fetus from infection.
The number of epithelial cells also increases. During pregnancy, they accumulate glycogen stores, which are used by lactobacilli as food.
Otherwise, there are no differences. The appearance of pathogenic microorganisms also requires treatment, only the methods of therapy are chosen more sparing (suppositories, tampons, ointments).
These two groups genital infections are few, since each of them has only one pathology. Protozoan infections are diseases that are caused by microorganisms from the group of protozoa. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by protozoa, caused by the microorganism Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomoniasis is also called trichomoniasis or trichomonas colpitis, but they are all the same disease.The group of fungal infections includes diseases caused by pathogenic and opportunistic fungi. Pathogenic fungal microorganisms are never part of the microflora of the human body, and opportunistic pathogens are constantly present, but in small quantities. In this case, opportunistic fungi do not cause an infectious and inflammatory process, since other microorganisms do not give them this opportunity. In case of violation of the normal composition and ratio of microorganisms of the human microflora, opportunistic fungi provoke the development of mycoses - fungal infections. Sexual fungal infections include only one type of mycoses - candidiasis, which develops under the influence of the yeast fungus Candida albicans, Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis. Candidiasis has a number of alternative names:
- urogenital candidiasis;
- vulvovaginal mycosis;
- urogenital mycosis;
- genital fungus.
Features of the existence of Trichomonas and fungi of the genus Candida in
body
Trichomonas
Since the microorganism belongs to the simplest, this means that it represents only one cell. The cell-organism Trichomonas has flagella. The shape of the cell resembles the appearance of an irregular pentagon. The length of Trichomonas is only 13-18 microns. This small, single-celled organism moves by active movements of the flagella and special wave-like movements of the cell wall. Wave-like contractions of the cell wall of Trichomonas are able to form special protrusions in the form of a small "leg", which are called "pseudopodia". Thanks to such pseudopodia, Trichomonas penetrates into the intercellular space, that is, it appears in the thickness of the tissue. Due to their habitat in the genitourinary tract, Trichomonas are resistant, they can hide from the drugs used. In this case, against the background of a significant improvement in symptoms, the person seems to have fully recovered. But this is not so, since there is a carriage and subsequent chronicization of inflammation. Also, the person is potentially infectious to other people.
Trichomonas, which causes a sexual infection, is able to live exclusively in the organs of the genitourinary tract. It is not capable of surviving in the external environment or other organs. This microorganism is very unstable, because it dies when the temperature rises to 45 o C, when exposed to the sun or open air. These properties allow you to effectively prevent infection with trichomoniasis, subject to the rules of hygiene and proper handling of things.
candida
A yeast fungus of the genus Candida normally lives in the oral cavity, small intestine, genitals, urinary structures, esophagus and larynx. Today, almost 80% of people have a fungus of the genus Candida as part of the microflora of the genitourinary organs, but normally it does not cause any pathological processes. Candidiasis develops when other bacteria of the microflora die, as well as as a result of a strong decrease in the immune defense of the human body. Candida fungus is able to penetrate into the bloodstream and spread to various organs - the vagina, middle ear, nasal passages, etc.
Candida feed on carbohydrates, in particular glycogen, which is produced by the cells of the vaginal epithelium. When Candida fungi multiply, they "eat up" all the glycogen. As a result, the bacteria of the normal microflora of the vagina - Doderlein's sticks, do not have nutrients left, as a result of which they die. The death of Doderlein sticks leads to aggravation of microflora disorders, which enhances the inflammatory process.
Transmission routes
Let's consider possible options for contacts in which the transmission of Trichomonas or fungi of the genus Candida, which cause sexual infections, occurs.Trichomoniasis
This sexually transmitted infection is the most widespread in the world, and ranks first in frequency of occurrence among other sexually transmitted diseases. Trichomonas can be transmitted only through contact of a sick person with a healthy one. Most often this occurs during intercourse of the vaginal type, or with a combination of oral-vaginal intercourse. The possibility of contracting trichomoniasis is also great when using various erotic devices - costumes, dildos, etc. It has also been proven that there is a high probability of transfer of Trichomonas when the secret of the genital organs gets on the partner's fingers with subsequent drift into the genital tract.
However, Trichomonas can persist for some time in a humid and warm environment outside the human body, for example, on sponges or washcloths, on towels, soap dishes and other hygiene items that come into contact with the genitals. In such a situation, infection is possible through close household contact, when people are together and do not properly follow the rules of personal hygiene (use one towel, one sponge, etc.). Girls can become infected in this way, which, however, is quite rare.
Less commonly, Trichomonas is transmitted through direct contact with the blood of a sick person, with sperm or vaginal secretions.
Children can become infected with Trichomonas during pregnancy and childbirth from a sick mother. However, girls are at greater risk than boys.
Unfortunately, scientists were able to identify and prove the possibility of infection with trichomoniasis and indirectly, although this rarely happens. Basically, these are cases of infection in public toilets, swimming pools, restaurants, etc. Trichomonas can survive and infect a person in a place where it is not too hot, damp and dark. However, elementary rules of personal hygiene will protect against such a risk of infection with human Trichomonas.
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is not a sexually transmitted disease, but it can affect the urinary tract. The likelihood of infection with candida is high during oral-vaginal intercourse, or anal-vaginal intercourse, since these fungi are often part of the normal microflora of the oral cavity and intestines.Today, most people are infected with candida, but they do not cause any infections. In most cases, people become infected with candida during the first year of life, after which the microorganism becomes an opportunistic flora. The main way to become infected with candida is eating unwashed vegetables and fruits, contact with various surfaces that may contain fungi (for example, in hospitals, clinics, etc.). Because of this circumstance, it is more appropriate to consider the reasons why candida causes the development of a sexual infection.
Causes of candidiasis
So, the main factors that can lead to the development of candidiasis are the following:- too tight and tight panties;
- synthetic underwear;
- frequent use of gaskets;
- oral sex;
- period of pregnancy;
- therapy with various antibiotics, especially long or frequent courses;
- use of oral contraceptives with high doses of hormones (for example, Ovidon, Anteovin);
- taking steroid drugs (for example, Metyrapone, Desoxycorton, Fludrocortisone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, etc.);
- the use of vaginal diaphragms, intrauterine devices and spermicidal formulations to prevent pregnancy;
- state of secondary immunodeficiency after illness, surgery, stress, etc.;
Symptoms of candidiasis and trichomoniasis
In order to seek qualified help from a doctor in time, you need to know how these sexual infections manifest themselves - trichomoniasis and candidiasis. Therefore, consider the signs and clinical symptoms.Trichomoniasis
The infectious-inflammatory process can proceed acutely, subacutely or completely erased, without clear clinical symptoms. Acute trichomoniasis occurs with vivid clinical signs:
- deterioration of well-being;
- sleep disorders;
- the presence of abundant vaginal discharge, often frothy, with an unpleasant odor;
- itching of the external genital organs;
- urination disorders by the type of soreness or increased frequency of going to the toilet;
Subacute trichomoniasis is characterized by the presence of slight vaginal discharge against the background of a relatively normal state of health. In the erased form of trichomoniasis, there are no symptoms at all, so often such people consider themselves healthy.
Usually, after a week of acute trichomoniasis, the severity of its symptoms gradually decreases, and the disease becomes chronic. Cases of exacerbation with the appearance of clinical symptoms of an acute form are possible after sexual intercourse, alcohol libations, or as a result of ovarian pathology.
Chronic trichomoniasis is quite difficult to identify and cure. In this case, there is a combined infection, since Trichomonas literally attract chlamydia, ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas, gonococci, staphylococci, etc. Common infections with trichomonads and gonococci, mycoplasmas, candida, chlamydia, viruses and ureaplasmas are often detected. In this situation, the clinical symptoms are mild (eg, intermittent vaginal discharge, painful urination, frequent trips to the toilet).
Trichomonas can cause the following diseases:
- vulvitis;
- colpitis;
- vestibulitis;
- cystitis
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is manifested by clinical symptoms that a doctor can see, and some signs felt by a woman. The following symptoms are characteristic of candidiasis:
- vaginal discharge of a curdled nature in varying amounts (from scant to abundant);
- severe, unbearable itching in the area of the labia and vulva;
- burning sensation of the external genitalia;
- itching increases after taking a bath or shower, sexual contact, walking;
- itching may increase during sleep, menstruation and after dinner;
- pain during intercourse;
- urination disorders such as pain or increased frequency of going to the toilet.
Tests to detect Candida and Trichomonas
At the current level of development of science and technology, trichomoniasis and candidiasis can be diagnosed quite accurately. Consider what tests you need to take to find out the presence or absence of candidiasis / trichomoniasis. Trichomoniasis
To identify trichomonas, a study of smears of vaginal contents, discharge of the urethra and rectum is used. Today, it is possible to examine a fresh smear using a special microscopy method, or a stained smear. In a fresh smear, Trichomonas are better seen, they are mobile, which allows the laboratory assistant to accurately distinguish dubious forms from epithelial cells. In a stained smear, Trichomonas are very similar to epithelial cells, and sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish them.In general, the following methods can be used to detect Trichomonas:
1.
Examination of a stained smear from the vagina, urethra or rectum (staining with methylene blue, or according to Romanovsky-Giemsa).
2.
Examination of an unstained fresh smear using phase contrast microscopy.
3.
Bacteriological seeding on the environment.
4.
Immunoassay - ELISA.
5.
Direct immunofluorescence reaction.
6.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The most accurate and sensitive methods are PCR and bacteriological inoculation on the medium, but they do not need to be used for primary infection, since smear microscopy or immunofluorescence reaction provide quite adequate diagnosis. PCR and sowing on the medium is recommended for chronic forms of trichomoniasis, which are difficult to detect and treat. A number of clinicians also prefer to monitor treatment with these precise and sensitive diagnostic methods.
Candidiasis
To identify fungi of the genus Candida, the following methods are used:1. Examination of smears of the discharge of the vagina, urethra and rectum;
2. Bacteriological seeding on the environment;
3. Serological reactions (agglutination reaction, complement fixation reaction, precipitation reaction);
4. Immunofluorescence reaction;
5. Linked immunosorbent assay;
6. polymerase chain reaction.
As the fastest methods, the examination of smears, which can be considered fresh, or Gram-stained, is commonly used. Some laboratories also perform immunofluorescence testing, which is fast and in the hands of a competent specialist is a serious method that allows you to determine the presence of candida with a high degree of accuracy. As a highly sensitive method, sowing on the medium is used, which also allows you to clarify exactly which species and types of the fungus of the genus Candida are present, and to which antifungal drugs they are sensitive. PCR is also a very sensitive method, but it does not allow you to determine the sensitivity of the fungus to medications.
If it is impossible to take smears for any reason, they resort to setting up serological reactions, for which blood is taken from a vein.
Prevention principles
It is always better to prevent a disease than to cure it. To protect yourself as much as possible from the risk of infection with trichomoniasis and candidiasis, you need to know the principles for the prevention of these pathologies.Trichomoniasis
Since in most cases, trichomoniasis is transmitted through unprotected sex, it should be avoided in the first place.In general, the principles of prevention of trichomoniasis are based on the following rules:
1.
Have sex using protective methods (condoms).
2.
Lead a healthy lifestyle.
3.
Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
4.
Get checked regularly for sexually transmitted infections.
5.
Use only disposable devices and tools for various procedures and manipulations.
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is not sexually transmitted, but there are factors that predispose to the development of this disease. Thus, prevention is reduced to the maximum elimination of possible causes of the formation of candidiasis.So, in order to protect yourself from candidiasis as much as possible, you should adhere to the following rules:
1.
Use antibiotics only when needed.
2.
Do not use strong antibiotics to treat infections that can be treated with simpler drugs.
3.
Complete the course of antibiotic treatment.
4.
Use antifungal drugs while taking antibiotics.
5.
Regularly examine the immunogram and take immunomodulating agents.
6.
Do not abuse food rich in carbohydrates.
7.
Choose hormonal contraceptives taking into account all individual characteristics.
8.
Observe personal hygiene.
Principles of treatment
To get rid of genital infections, you should choose the right treatment. Consider the principles of adequate therapy for candidiasis and trichomoniasis.Trichomoniasis
For the treatment of trichomoniasis, special drugs are used that are effective against the corresponding microorganism. Remember that in order to successfully cure trichomoniasis, it is necessary to undergo a course of therapy for all sexual partners. For the duration of the course, everyone should stop drinking alcohol and sexual intercourse. In the treatment of trichomoniasis, local and systemic drugs are used, divided into first-line drugs and secondary ones. Usually, first-line drugs are highly effective against Trichomonas, but not always. When first-line drugs are not effective, or the patient cannot take them, they resort to prescribing secondary drugs.
In addition to antitrichomonas drugs, it is rational to use immunomodulatory drugs to improve the effect of therapy.
So, the means of the first row include:
- Tinidazole (Fazizhin).
| Metronidazole regimens | Tinidazole regimens |
| 250 mg 2 times a day for 10 days. | 500 mg 4 times a day for 5 days. |
| 4 days at 250 mg 3 times a day, then 4 days at 250 mg 2 times a day. | 1000 mg twice a day for 7-10 days. |
| The first day - 500 mg twice a day, the second a day - 250 mg three times a day, then 4 days, 250 mg twice a day. | Take 500 mg four times within 1 hour, at intervals of 15 minutes. |
Secondary resources:
- Ornidazole - apply 0.5 g twice a day, for 5 days;
- Naxogen - take 4 tablets at a time in case of an acute illness, or 0.5 g twice a day, for 6 days in case of a chronic pathology;
- Atrikan - apply 0.25 g twice a day, for 4 days.
The most effective antitrichomonas drugs for topical use:
- Candles Klion D - injected into the vagina one candle at night for 10 days.
- Neo-penotran - two suppositories per day are injected into the vagina for 2 weeks.
- Terzhinan tablets - 2 suppositories are injected into the vagina at night for 10 days.
- Candles Hexicon - injected 3-4 times a day for 1-3 weeks.
- Candles Meratin-combi - one candle is administered at night for 10 days.
A good effect in the treatment of trichomoniasis is provided by immunostimulating drugs when used together with antitrichomoniasis. The most effective immunopreparation is the Solkotrikhovak vaccine. It can be used both as a drug and as a prophylactic, to prevent relapses and re-infection after treatment. Usually, Solkotrikhovac is included in the treatment regimen from the first day of therapy, and 0.5 ml is administered intramuscularly. After two weeks, two more injections are given, then the vaccination is repeated after 11 months.
For the treatment of chronic candidiasis, a combination of a systemic antifungal drug with a local one is usually used, which are shown in the table:
| Systemic antifungal drug for the treatment of candidiasis | Topical antifungal drug for the treatment of candidiasis |
| Nizoral - 400 mg per day, 5 days | Kanesten - vaginal tablets or cream for 5-6 days. Tablets are injected into the vagina at 0.2-0.5 g, and the cream is 1-2% |
| Miconazole - 0.25 g four times a day, 2 weeks | Miconazole - cream or suppositories are injected into the vagina 1 time per day for a week |
| Fluconazole - 50-150 mg once a day, 1-2 weeks | Bifonazole - cream in the vagina at night, 2-4 weeks |
| Orungal - 0.2 g once a day, 1 week | Ginezol - one suppository in the vagina |
| Lamisil - 250 mg once a day, 2-4 weeks | Ginalgin - 1 suppository in the vagina at night, for 10 days |
| Levorin - 500,000 IU 2-4 times a day, 10-12 days | Isoconazole - a ball in the vagina 1 time per day, for 3-5 days |
| Amphoglucamine - 200,000 IU twice a day, 10-14 days | Econazole - 150 mg cream is injected into the vagina for three days |
| Batrafen - the cream is injected into the vagina at night, for 10 days | |
| Decamine - the ointment is injected into the vagina at night, for 2-3 weeks | |
| Polygynax - in the vagina 1 suppository at night - 2 weeks | |
| Terzhinan - in the vagina, 1 suppository at bedtime, for 10 days | |
| Pimafukort - ointment is injected into the vagina 2-4 times a day, for 2 weeks | |
| Betadine - 1 suppository in the vagina, for 2 weeks |
To prevent the recurrence of candidiasis, it is recommended to use a systemic antifungal drug for six months, on the first day of each menstruation. After the end of menstruation, local antifungal agents should be used for a week, also for six months.
Healing Control
To be sure of the complete cure of a sexual infection, it is necessary to conduct control examinations.Trichomoniasis. Control tests are taken one week after the end of therapy, then within 3 menstrual cycles - immediately after the end of menstruation. If during this period there are no signs of trichomoniasis, and trichomonas are not detected in the tests, then the sexual infection can be considered completely cured.
Candidiasis. After a course of treatment for acute primary candidiasis, control tests are given in a week. If there was chronic candidiasis, then control tests are given over three menstrual cycles, immediately after menstruation.
Possible Complications
Candidiasis can lead to the development of a number of complications:- narrowing of the vagina;
- the risk of developing pelvic infections;
- infection of the urinary system;
- miscarriage;
- underweight in newborns;
- chorioamnionitis;
- childbirth ahead of time;
- infection of the glans penis - in men.
- various violations of the course of pregnancy;
- pathology of childbirth;
- congenital infections of the child;
- high risk of neonatal death.
