What to do if a child cuts his head. A sore on the head under the hair: possible causes and methods of treatment Working with a small wound

Damage to the soft integument of the skull are closed and open. Bruises are closed, wounds (wounds) are open. Bruises occur as a result of hitting the head against hard objects, hitting the head with a hard object, when falling, etc.

As a result of the impact, the skin and subcutaneous tissue are damaged. From damaged blood vessels, blood flows into the subcutaneous tissue. When galea aponeurotica is intact, the outflowing blood forms a limited hematoma in the form of a protruding swelling (bump).

With more extensive damage to the soft tissues, accompanied by a rupture of the galea aponeurotica, the blood that has poured out of the damaged vessels forms a diffuse swelling. These extensive hemorrhages (hematomas) are soft in the middle and sometimes give a feeling of unsteadiness (fluctuation). These hematomas are characterized by a dense shaft around the hemorrhage. When feeling a dense shaft along the circumference of the hemorrhage, it can be mistaken for a skull fracture with pressure. A thorough examination, as well as an x-ray, makes it possible to correctly recognize the damage.

Wounds of the soft tissues of the head are observed as a result of injury from both sharp and blunt instruments (blunt violence). Injury to the soft integument of the skull is dangerous because local infection can spread to the contents of the skull and lead to meningitis, encephalitis and brain abscess, despite the integrity of the bone, due to the connection between the superficial veins and the veins inside the skull. The infection can also spread through the lymphatic vessels. Simultaneously with the injury of soft tissues, the bones of the skull and the brain can be damaged.

Symptoms. Symptoms depend on the nature of the injury. Cut and chopped wounds bleed heavily and gape. Stab wounds bleed a little. In the absence of infection complications, the course of wounds is favorable. If the wound was treated in the first hours, it may heal by first intention.

Symptoms of bruised wounds correspond to the nature of the wound. The edges of the bruised wound are uneven, with traces of a bruise (crush), soaked in blood, in some cases they are detached from the bone or underlying tissues. Bleeding is less abundant due to thrombosis of crushed and ruptured vessels. Contusion wounds can penetrate to the bone or be limited to soft tissue damage. A characteristic sign of lacerations is a significant detachment from the underlying bones and the formation of flaps.
A special type of damage to the scalp is the so-called scalping, in which a larger or smaller part of the scalp is torn off.

Treatment . In most cases, after careful pre-treatment of the wound itself and adjacent areas, it is sufficient to apply sutures to the wound, and for small wounds, a pressure bandage. In case of severe bleeding, the bleeding vessels should be tied off. Only a fresh, uncontaminated wound can be sutured. If the wound is contaminated, the objects that have fallen into the wound are removed with tweezers, the edges of the wound are lubricated with a solution of iodine tincture, the edges of the wound are refreshed (the primary treatment of the wound is performed), a solution of penicillin is poured into the wound (50,000-100,000 IU in a 0.5% solution of novocaine) or infiltrated with a solution penicillin wound edges, after which the wound is completely or partially sutured. In the latter case, the graduate is injected under the skin. After the inflammatory process subsides, a secondary suture can be applied to the wound. In some cases, intramuscular injection of a solution of penicillin is prescribed. If the wound is completely sewn up, and signs of inflammation appear in the following days, the sutures should be removed and the wound opened.
For the purpose of prophylaxis, anti-tetanus serum is administered to all wounded, and in case of severe wounds, especially those contaminated with earth, anti-gangrenous serum.

Care . Hair on the head contributes to pollution and makes it difficult to treat the skin and wound, and therefore it should be shaved as much as possible around the wound. When shaving, care must be taken not to introduce infection into the wound - it should be covered with a sterile napkin. Shaving is performed from the wound, not to the wound.

Any head injury is considered dangerous, as there is a high probability. At the same time, edema of the brain tissue develops rapidly, which leads to wedging of a part of the brain into the foramen magnum. The result of this is a violation of the activity of vital centers that are responsible for breathing and blood circulation - a person quickly loses consciousness, and there is a high probability of death.

Another reason for the high risk of head injuries is the excellent blood supply to this part of the body, which leads to large blood loss in case of damage. And in this case, it will be necessary to stop the bleeding as soon as possible.

It is important for everyone to know how to competently provide first aid for head injuries - correctly carried out activities can really save the life of the victim.

Head injuries and soft tissue injuries

The soft tissues of the head include the skin, muscles, and subcutaneous tissue. If they are bruised, then pain occurs, a swelling may appear a little later (the well-known “bumps”), the skin at the site of the bruise becomes red, and a bruise subsequently forms.

In case of a bruise, it is necessary to apply cold to the injured area - it can be a bottle of cold water, a heating pad with ice, a bag of meat from the freezer. Next, you need to apply a pressure bandage and be sure to deliver the victim to a medical facility, even if he feels great. The fact is that only a specialist can give an objective assessment of the state of health, exclude damage to the cranial bones and / or.

Damage to soft tissues can also be accompanied by intense bleeding, detachment of skin flaps is possible - doctors call this a scalped wound. If the blood flows slowly and has a dark color, then you need to apply a tight bandage to the wound with a sterile material - as an improvised tool, for example, an ordinary bandage or a piece of fabric ironed on both sides with a hot iron is suitable. If the blood spurts, then this indicates damage to the artery and the pressure bandage in this case becomes absolutely useless. It will be necessary to apply a tourniquet horizontally above the forehead and above the ears, but only if the scalp is damaged. If the victim has a slight blood loss (help was provided quickly), then he is taken to the hospital in a sitting or lying position - it is strictly forbidden for him to stand. If the blood loss is extensive, then the victim's skin rapidly acquires a pale hue, cold sweat appears on his face, arousal may occur, which turns into lethargy - urgent hospitalization is necessary and strictly accompanied by an ambulance brigade.

Algorithm of first aid action:

The victim is placed on a flat surface, which is covered with something - a jacket, a blanket, any clothes. A roller is placed under the shins.
If the patient is, then you need to put your palms on both sides under his lower jaw and slightly tilt your head back, while pushing your chin forward.
The victim's mouth should be cleaned of saliva with a clean handkerchief, and then you need to turn your head to the side - this will prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract.
If there is a foreign body in the wound, then in no case should it be moved or attempted to be removed - this can increase the volume of brain damage and significantly increase bleeding.
The skin around the lesion site is cleaned with a towel or any cloth, then a pressure bandage is applied to the wound: several layers of cloth / gauze, then any solid object (TV remote control, bar of soap) on top of the wound and bandaged well so that the object squeezes the vessel.
If the bleeding is too strong and it is not possible to apply a bandage, then it is necessary to press the skin around the wound with your fingers so that the blood stops flowing. Such finger pressing must be carried out before the arrival of the ambulance team.

After the bleeding has stopped, ice or a bottle of cold water can be applied to the wound, the victim himself should be carefully covered and urgently taken to any medical facility.

Note:if there is a detached skin flap, then it must be wrapped in a sterile cloth (or any other rag), placed in a cold place (it is forbidden to apply it to ice!) And sent along with the victim to a medical facility - most likely, surgeons will be able to use this skin flap for performing operations to restore soft tissues.

Closed head injury

If the upper part of the skull has occurred, then it is almost impossible to determine whether there is a fracture without. Therefore, when hitting the scalp, it would be a mistake to think that there was only a bruise. The victim must be placed on a stretcher without a pillow, ice should be applied to the head and taken to a medical facility. If such an injury is accompanied by impaired consciousness and breathing, then assistance should be provided in accordance with the symptoms, up to indirect heart massage and artificial respiration.

The most severe and dangerous head injury is considered to be a fracture of the base of the skull. Such an injury often occurs when falling from a height, and brain damage is characteristic of it. A hallmark of a skull fracture is the discharge of a colorless liquid (liquor) or blood from the ears and nose. If at the same time an injury of the facial nerve also occurred, then the victim has facial asymmetry. The patient has a rare pulse, and a day later hemorrhage develops in the eye sockets.

Note:transportation of the victim with a fracture of the base of the skull must be extremely careful, without shaking the stretcher. The patient is placed on a stretcher on his stomach (in this case, it is necessary to constantly monitor the absence of vomiting) or on his back, but in this position his head should be carefully turned to his side if he begins to vomit. In order to avoid retraction of the tongue during transportation on the back, the patient's mouth is slightly opened, a bandage is laid under the tongue (it is pulled out a little forward).

Maxillofacial trauma

With a bruise, severe pain and swelling will be noted, the lips quickly become inactive. First aid in this case consists in applying a pressure bandage and applying cold to the injury site.

With a fracture of the lower jaw, the victim cannot speak, profuse salivation begins from the half-open mouth. A fracture of the upper jaw is extremely rare, accompanied by acute pain and rapid accumulation of blood in the subcutaneous tissue, which radically changes the shape of the face.

What to do in case of jaw fractures:

Note:transportation of such a patient to a medical facility is carried out lying on his stomach. If the victim suddenly turned pale, then you need to raise the lower end of the stretcher (or just the legs if you are transporting yourself) so that a rush of blood goes to the head, but you need to make sure that the bleeding does not increase.

Dislocation of the lower jaw

This injury is very common, because it can happen when laughing, yawning too much, when hit, and in older people there is a habitual dislocation of the jaw.

Signs of the condition in question:

open mouth;
severe salivation;
there is no speech (the victim makes lowing sounds);
jaw movements are difficult.

Help lies in the reduction of dislocation. To do this, the one who provides assistance, you need to stand in front of the victim, sitting on a chair. The thumbs are inserted into the mouth along the lower molars. Then the jaw is forced back and down with force. If the manipulation was carried out correctly, then the movements in the jaw and the speech of the victim are immediately restored.

Note:when repositioning, the jaw of the victim spontaneously closes with great amplitude and force. Therefore, before carrying out the procedure, you need to wrap your fingers with any cloth and try immediately after the appearance of a characteristic click (this joint has fallen into place) to immediately pull your hands out of the victim’s mouth. Otherwise, it is possible to cause injury to the one who provides assistance.

They can appear as a result of injury from a blow, fall, bruise. The victim needs to be given first aid and brought to the traumatology department.

What is a wound

A wound is a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes. It can be superficial or deep, cut or torn. Regardless of the severity of the lesion, the wound must be carefully treated.

What you need to treat a wound

Prepare:

alcohol;
brilliant green or iodine;
chlorhexidine;
hydrogen peroxide;
potassium permanganate;
package;
heating pad;
sterile gauze;
bandage.

Preparation for the procedure

Before giving first aid, thoroughly wash your hands and treat them with rubbing alcohol or any other alcohol-containing liquid to prevent infection from entering the wound. It is necessary to clean the wound on the head with a sterile gauze swab. You should not use cotton wool, its particles can remain in the wound, which will provoke additional complications. When the scalp is damaged, you need to cut the hair around at a distance of two centimeters, wash the damaged area with chlorhexidine, 3% hydrogen peroxide or a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Around the wound, you need to generously lubricate the skin with alcohol, brilliant green, iodine, a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. It is important to ensure that drugs do not get into the damaged area, as they can cause tissue burns, which will seriously complicate the process of further healing.

When the bleeding doesn't stop

If the blood flow is plentiful, you need to independently attach a gauze sterile swab to the wound site. Then apply a pressure bandage. To reduce swelling, pain, stop bleeding, an ice pack or a heating pad filled with cold water should be applied to the bandage. As the water starts to warm up, change the heating pad. This is especially true for the warm season, when the path to the traumatology department takes a long time.

What to do with foreign objects in the wound

Such objects that are deep in the wound do not need to be removed by yourself. Doing this is very dangerous, as bleeding can increase. Only a qualified traumatologist or surgeon can carry out manipulations to cure foreign objects.

Don't neglect the emergency

Regardless of the degree of damage to the head, immediately call an ambulance or take the victim to the nearest traumatology department. In the case of a deep wound, there is a danger that the membranes of the brain will become inflamed, which sometimes leads to death, so even a slight delay in providing specialized medical care can cost the patient his life.

We process the wound on the head correctly.

Wounds on the head are usually divided into cut, stab, torn. They can appear as a result of injury from a blow, fall, bruise. The victim needs to be given first aid and brought to the traumatology department.

How to properly treat a head wound

A wound is a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes. It can be superficial or deep, cut or torn. Regardless of the severity of the lesion, the wound must be carefully treated.

What you need to treat a wound

alcohol;
brilliant green or iodine;
chlorhexidine;
hydrogen peroxide;
potassium permanganate;
package;
heating pad;
sterile gauze;
bandage.

Preparation for the procedure

Wound treatment

When the bleeding doesn't stop

What to do with foreign objects in the wound

Don't neglect the emergency

Advice 1: How to treat a wound on the head.

Wounds on the head are divided into stab, cut, torn. They can appear as a result of injury when falling, hitting, bruising. The victim must be given first aid and taken to the traumatology department.

How to treat a head wound
How to treat a wound with iodine
How to handle stitches after surgery

- alcohol;
- iodine;
- greenery;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- chlorhexidine;
- potassium permanganate;
- ice;
- package;
- warmer;
- sterile gauze;
- bandage.

head wound treatment

Tip 2: How to treat lacerations.

how to treat lips

Tip 3: How to treat a wound to a cat.

- sterile bandage or gauze;
- scissors;
- cotton swab;
- greenery;
- iodine;
- vodka or alcohol;
- tweezers;
- 3% hydrogen peroxide solution;
- streptocide tablet;
- vaseline;

Injuries in cats. How to treat wounds in a cat.
how to treat a cat

Tip 4: How to treat a cut wound.

- soap, alcohol-containing liquid;
- potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide;
- alcohol, iodine or brilliant green;
- antiseptic ointment;
- sodium chloride, furatsilin or antibiotics;
- gauze swab, bandage, sterile gauze.

Treatment and treatment of incised wounds
how to treat a wound after a cut

Advice 5: How to treat a wound after castration of a cat.

The cat must be properly prepared for castration. During the operation, the bladder and digestive tract of the animal must be empty, therefore, 12 hours before castration, the cat cannot be fed, and even watered an hour before.

Wound treatment

If the doctor after the operation treated the wound with Terramycin or Alumazol spray, they remain on the skin for some time, in this case it is not necessary to treat the wound. If there was no such treatment, the wound must be washed with 3% hydrogen peroxide or furatsilin solution, dissolving one tablet in a glass of water. It is not recommended to treat the wound with brilliant green or an alcohol solution of iodine, they can dry out the skin.

So that the cat does not disturb the wound by licking it, he needs to put on a special collar around his neck, which will prevent him from reaching the back of the body. The collar is taken off only when eating. It is necessary to ensure that the cat does not rub against the floor with the back of the body.

The tray filler used at this time should be soft so as not to disturb the wound. It is better if it is white or at least a light shade, in which case the owners will be able to immediately notice the bleeding that has begun.

Possible Complications

The owners should be alerted by the increase in body temperature of the animal. The normal temperature for a cat is 38-39°C. In the first three days, it will inevitably be elevated, but if the temperature has not decreased on the fourth day, this is an occasion for an urgent appeal to the veterinarian. Moreover, you need to show the animal to the doctor if the wound began to fester. In this case, the veterinarian will prescribe an antibiotic.

On the first day after the operation, a decrease in temperature (less than 37 degrees) can also be observed, while the animal is sleeping. The cat needs to be warmed up by applying a heating pad and rubbing its paws. If this does not help, the cat still does not move and does not wake up, it is urgent to call a veterinarian or take the cat to the clinic.

It is also necessary to take the cat to the clinic if the suture begins to bleed.

After castration, the cat may suffer from constipation. Stool retention is inevitable during the first two to three days after anesthesia, but if the cat has no stool for more than four days, it is necessary to start giving him a laxative. Of course, this cannot be done without first consulting with the veterinarian, only he can choose the appropriate drug, taking into account the state of health and the characteristics of the body of a particular animal.

Injuries and wounds of the soft tissues of the head, symptoms and treatment.

Treatment. In most cases, after careful pre-treatment of the wound itself and adjacent areas, it is sufficient to apply sutures to the wound, and for small wounds, a pressure bandage. In case of severe bleeding, the bleeding vessels should be tied off. Only a fresh, uncontaminated wound can be sutured. If the wound is contaminated, the objects that have fallen into the wound are removed with tweezers, the edges of the wound are lubricated with a solution of iodine tincture, the edges of the wound are refreshed (the primary treatment of the wound is performed), a solution of penicillin is poured into the wound (50,000-100,000 IU in a 0.5% solution of novocaine) or infiltrated with a solution penicillin wound edges, after which the wound is completely or partially sutured. In the latter case, the graduate is injected under the skin. After the inflammatory process subsides, a secondary suture can be applied to the wound. In some cases, intramuscular injection of a solution of penicillin is prescribed. If the wound is completely sewn up, and signs of inflammation appear in the following days, the sutures should be removed and the wound opened.
For the purpose of prophylaxis, anti-tetanus serum is administered to all wounded, and in case of severe wounds, especially those contaminated with earth, anti-gangrenous serum.

Care. Hair on the head contributes to pollution and makes it difficult to treat the skin and wound, and therefore it should be shaved as much as possible around the wound. When shaving, care must be taken not to introduce infection into the wound - it should be covered with a sterile napkin. Shaving is performed from the wound, not to the wound.