In autonomic dysfunction, which health group. Headaches Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD)

Ekaterina Morozova

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One of the main school subjects responsible for the health of the child is, as you know, physical education. Without it, the full physical development of our children is impossible - especially in a school environment, where children spend most of their time motionless, at their desks.

As a rule, the whole class is “expelled” to physical education, offering exercises that, according to the development program, are “prescribed” for all healthy children. And few people today remember that there are 3 medical groups for physical education, and not all children fall into the main - healthy one.

How many physical culture health groups do schoolchildren have - the principles of division into health groups

First of all, it should be understood that health groups and health groups for physical education are not the same.

Under health groups understand 5 groups in which children are enrolled, in accordance with the assessment of their health.
Concerning medical health groups for physical education- there are 3 of them.

They matter when the child participates in school physical education lessons:

Main. Healthy children who do not have serious health problems and meet developmental standards.
Preparatory. Children with minor health problems.
Special (A, B). Children with serious disorders in the work of the main body systems and with chronic diseases.

Many parents (and even teachers) do not know, but for each physical health group there are contraindications, indications, a set of classes, and even the time allotted for these classes.

Not everyone understands that special medical groups are different from regular exercise therapy. And the difference is simple: exercise therapy is conducted by doctors, while physical education classes for medical groups are conducted by teachers, but taking into account the optimal training methods.

What else do you need to know about physical health groups?

The choice of a group for physical education is carried out before entering the school - and must be indicated in the medical record.
An assessment of the condition of the child is given exclusively by the pediatrician (or therapist, adolescent specialist). It is he who determines the child after the examination in one of the 3 groups. When enrolling in a special group, the doctor is obliged not only to indicate the diagnosis, but to establish the degree of disturbances in the functioning of the body. In certain cases, the conclusion of a medical commission may be required.
The health group should be confirmed annually.
The health group can be changed if the annual examination shows that the child's condition has improved or worsened.

Children from the first 2 medical physical education groups usually work out together, but for children from the preparatory group, both the volume of the load and its intensity are reduced.

As for the composition of the special group, it is formed by the order of the school director and at the conclusion of the field team of specialists. Classes for this group are held at school twice a week or three times, but for half an hour.

Physical culture health groups of schoolchildren in Russia - statistics

The main 1st health group of schoolchildren in Russia

The main physical health group includes healthy children with the 1st and 2nd health groups:

No health problems.
Having mild disorders that do not entail a lag in development from their peers. For example, overweight, VVD, dyskinesia, or mild allergies.

Children from this group are allowed up to…

Passing the TRP standards.
Training sessions in full.
Submission of standards.
Trainings in sports sections.
Participation in competitions, tournaments, olympiads.
Participation in tourist trips.
Classes in DYUSSH and DYUKFP.

Of course, it is also important to remember, allowing children to play sports, and relative contraindications.

In particular:

With a round back, boxing, rowing and cycling will be contraindicated.
With astigmatism and myopia - diving, boxing, motorcycling and weightlifting, skiing.
With perforation of the eardrum - any kind of water sports.

Preparatory health group for schoolchildren in physical education

The preparatory physical education group includes children with the 2nd health group (according to statistics - more than 10% of all students in Russian schools):

Weakly prepared physically.
With morphofunctional health disorders.
Included in risk groups for certain diseases.
Having chronic diseases in remission, which lasts about 3-5 years.

Children from this group are allowed to:

Classes according to the usual program, but with the exception of certain types of training and exercises.
Passing the TRP, test and routine control tests, participation in sporting events - only with the special permission of a specialist.

Children from this physical culture group are not allowed to participate in sports competitions.

They are also prohibited from:

Large volumes of high-intensity physical activity.
Long run.
A large number of repetitions of exercises.

The teacher is obliged to choose a special set of exercises for children, in accordance with the medical record, which contains all the contraindications.

The medical certificate must also indicate the period for transferring the child to the main group.

Alternating complex exercises with special breathing exercises.
Replacing running with walking.
Conducting calm games without sudden movements.
Increased rest breaks.

The conclusion of the commission to determine the child in this group is not required - just a certificate from the local pediatrician is enough, which must be attended by:

Stamp and signature.
Recommendations based on the recommendations of a narrowly focused specialist, as well as specific restrictions.
Diagnosis.
As well as the period for which the child is assigned to the preparatory group.

A special group of children's health in physical education at school - do physical education lessons take place with children of special groups "A" and "B"?

This physical culture group is divided into two more - A and B.

Children with the 3rd health group are enrolled in a special physical education group A:

Having chronic diseases, malformations, etc.
With developmental disorders that require mandatory restriction of physical activity.
Those who have serious disorders in the functioning of the body that do not interfere with their studies, but are contraindications to physical education.

Children from special group A are allowed up to:

Classes according to a specially designed program.
Classes in certain types of the school curriculum with a mandatory reduction in standards.

The following exercises are mandatory:

Acrobatic.
Power.
High-speed.
Moderately intense outdoor games.

Forbidden:

Participation in competitions.
Participation in mass physical culture events.
Visiting sports sections.
Delivery of standards.

Children from special group A do not study with the rest of the children - separate lessons should be held for them, which should be taught by specially trained instructors for special programs.

Children with the 4th health group are enrolled in a special physical education group B:

Having chronic diseases without pronounced signs of a violation of general well-being.

That is, children from this group are allowed to participate in general theoretical classes, but are generally exempted from physical education at school.

Children from special group B are allowed up to:

Exercise therapy.
Classes according to a complex special program developed by a specialist - at home, on your own.

A child can be assigned to this group only by the decision of a medical commission, and a certificate is issued only for a certain period, after which it is required to be issued again with a commission and examination of the child.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia

How does the disease manifest itself?

Shortness of breath.
Pain in the heart.
Tendency to faint.
Increased sweating.
Headache.
Sensation of a lump in the throat.
Sleep disturbance.

lifestyle modification

psychotherapy

It is very useful to pass Spa treatment

Psychotropic drugs

Symptomatic remedies

Restorative therapy

Phytotherapy

Vegetovascular dystonia: causes

Vegetative-vascular dystonia today is a very common disease of children, both preschool and school age. It can develop for a variety of reasons, which doctors define in groups. The variety of provoking factors has led to the emergence of a large number of terms denoting this pathological condition. Among them are autonomic dystonia syndrome, neurocircular dystonia, diencephalic syndrome, hypothalamic syndrome, functional cardiopathy, vegetative neurosis and many others. Of all the existing names, it is most appropriate to use the term vegetative-vascular dystonia.

The most first group risk factors are family and genetic burden. This etiological factor is the most common, since when taking an anamnesis in babies, you can always find relatives who suffer from ailments that are to some extent associated with vegetative dystonia. Abroad, studies were conducted that proved that this type of inheritance can be classified as multifactorial. In addition, various sluggish infections have recently become relevant, and this gives reason to conclude that the primary infection of structures in the brain and the subsequent development of the clinical picture of VVD.

To the second group risk factors include chronic stress, namely regular or prolonged exposure to various adverse situations on the child's body. This can cause overvoltage of adaptive systems. A similar phenomenon is considered the most common cause of the development of neurocircular dystonia. Common causes of chronic stress in babies include the presence of some kind of chronic infection, or recurrent chronic infectious or somatic diseases. In addition, there are several unfavorable factors of external influence, for example, social, climatic, domestic or family ones.

It is important to take into account the fact that throughout his life a child visits several children's groups, and if the conditions there are not healthy, this causes poor adaptation to a new environment, which can also become a certain provoking factor and cause the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia. This group can also include the nature of raising children within the family, which forms the personal characteristics of a small person.

In the event that it is one-sided, for example, a child is overly fond of one type of activity (computer, music, sports, etc.) to the detriment of another, this can lead to the development of various functional disorders. If parents do not control children at all, this can push them into dubious companies and eventually lead to substance abuse, drug addiction, or crime and injury.

The third group of risk factors- these are residual organic lesions of the central nervous system that have arisen as a result of congenital or acquired pathologies. They can develop after past infections, for example, intrauterine, injuries and toxicosis. Such children have a history of clear indications of early childhood trauma, asphyxia, perinatal encephalopathy (caused by a complicated pregnancy), or neonatal jaundice. Babies from this group are quite acutely ill in early childhood. They are restless and have a poor memory. It is difficult for such children to find a common language with their peers, they suffer from causeless fears. Such symptoms are directly related to damage to some parts of the brain.

Fourth risk group- this is the presence of pathological processes inside the cervical spine. This factor has only recently been considered as a provoking vegetative-vascular dystonia, so it is not yet fully understood. Scientists suggest that instability and vertebrobasilar insufficiency within the cervical spine play an important role.

To fifth group risks include acceleration and puberty, which can also cause vegetative-vascular dystonia. At the same time, the stability of the hormonal background in this period of development plays an important role. His "jumps" interfere with the normal adaptation of adolescent children in the social environment. Parents should be very attentive to the child during this period of his life and to sudden changes in his mood.

Sixth group- these are changes in the personality of the child, which are neurosis-like in nature. These factors should be dealt with by a specialist psychiatrist.

Each of the risk factors for the formation of vegetative-vascular dystonia can be considered the main one. There are a huge number of secondary causes, the combination of which can also lead to the development of the disease. Each individual child requires an individual approach. In order for the treatment of VVD to be successful, it is necessary to identify all the causes of its occurrence and eliminate them.

The diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia should be considered only as a generalizing concept, indicating some kind of formed pathological process that is present in the child. At the same time, it is necessary to deal not only with the drug therapy of the baby, but also with his psycho-emotional adaptation. This process should be carried out by parents, teachers in schools and educators in kindergartens.

Vegetovascular dystonia - 3rd health group.

Hypertension - 4th health group.

Congenital heart disease - 3rd or 4th health group.

Dental caries, malocclusion - 2nd or 3rd health group.

Chronic gastritis, colitis - 3rd or 4th health group.

Dysmenorrhea - 3rd group of health.

Allergic reactions (repeated skin-allergic reactions to food, drugs, etc.) - 2nd health group.

Eczema, dermatitis - 3rd or 4th health group.

Logoneurosis, enuresis, tics - 3rd or 4th health group.

Myopia of a weak degree, astigmatism - the 2nd group of health.

Myopia of medium and high degree - 3rd or 4th health group.

Violation of posture - 2nd group, scoliosis - 3rd or 4th group.

THE CONCEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY. PREVENTION MEASURES FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES

THE CONCEPT OF IMMUNITY, ITS TYPES

Study questions:

The concept of immunity and its types.

Indications and contraindications for immunization.

The concept of immunity and its types

Immunity (from Latin Immunities - liberation from something) - the liberation (protection) of the body from genetically alien organisms and substances (physical, biological, chemical). In infectious pathology, immunity is the immunity of the body to pathogenic microbes and their poisons. The founders of the doctrine of immunity are Louis Pasteur, Ilya Mechnikov and Erlich. L. Pasteur developed the principles of creating vaccines, I. Mechnikov created the cellular (phagocytic) theory of immunity. Ehrlich discovered antibodies and developed the humoral theory of immunity.

The main structural and functional unit of the immune system is the lymphocyte. The organs of the immune system are divided into:

central: bone marrow and thymus (thymus gland);

Peripheral: accumulations of lymphoid tissue in the intestines, respiratory tract and lungs, genitourinary system (for example, tonsils, Peyer's patches), lymph nodes, spleen. Peripheral organs of the immune system, like watchtowers, are located on the path of possible advancement of genetically alien substances.

Protection factors are divided into non-specific and specific.

Nonspecific mechanisms of immunity are general factors and protective adaptations of the body. These include:

- impermeability of healthy skin and mucous membranes;

- impermeability of histo-hematological barriers;

- the presence of bactericidal substances in biological fluids (saliva, tears, blood, cerebrospinal fluid);

- excretion of viruses by the kidneys;

- phagocytic system;

- barrier function of lymphoid tissue;

- hydrolytic enzymes;

- interferons;

- lymphokines;

- complement system, etc.

Intact skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and genital organs are impervious to most microbes. The secrets of the sebaceous and sweat glands have a bactericidal effect against many infections (except for pyogenic cocci). Peeling of the skin - the constant renewal of the upper layer - is an important mechanism for its self-purification from microbes and other contaminants. Saliva contains lysozyme, which has an antimicrobial effect. The blinking reflex of the eyes, the movement of the cilia of the epithelium of the respiratory tract in combination with the cough reflex, intestinal peristalsis - all this helps to remove microbes and toxins. Thus, intact skin and mucous membranes are the first protective barrier for microorganisms.

If an infection breakthrough occurs (trauma, burns, frostbite), then the next line of defense appears - the second barrier - an inflammatory reaction at the site of the introduction of microorganisms. The leading role in this process belongs to phagocytosis (factors of cellular immunity). Phagocytosis, first studied by I.I. Mechnikov, is the absorption and enzymatic digestion of microbes or other particles by macro- and microphages, as a result of which the body is released from harmful foreign substances. Reticular and endothelial cells of lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, Kupffer cells of the liver, histiocytes, monocytes, polyblasts, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils have phagocytic activity.

Disability in vegetovascular dystonia

Persistent or temporary disability is established only in case of a disease that has led to severe and irreversible disorders in the body. As you know, VVD does not apply to diseases. Let's try to understand this problem.

Possible health problems

Hypertensive VSD is an extremely rare cause of disability. Despite the functional nature of the pathology, it adversely affects the work of the whole organism. But the state will not pay money to actually healthy people.

Vegetative dystonia often accompanies diseases that cause disability, such as diabetes. This gives the false impression that the VVD itself is the cause of disability, but this is not so. Dystonia is not a disease, but an imbalance in the parts of the nervous system.

Here is an example. The following are organic damages that impair the health of the patient and limit his functionality:

Hypertensive crisis - a sharp increase in blood pressure (BP) to 180-220 / 100-150 mm Hg. Art., which is accompanied by severe headaches.
A stroke or myocardial infarction is a pathological condition that develops against the background of a hypertensive crisis. Often lead to disability.
Chronic renal failure is a kidney disease that is a factor that causes permanent loss of working capacity.

The conditions listed above do not develop due to autonomic dysfunction, but the VVD joins later, and it seems that it was originally, but it is not.

Disability

Persistent disability in patients with VVD as a concomitant, but not the main diagnosis, is possible if irreversible damage to other organs is diagnosed. This is the reason for the establishment of disability:

The second group of disability. It is characterized by a partial limitation of functionality. The patient is mostly self-serving. Can engage in some simple types of professional activities.
The third group of disability. It is characterized by a slight limitation on working capacity. The patient can occupy positions that do not require strong physical or mental stress. Fully serves himself in everyday life.

Patients with VVD as the main diagnosis are not assigned a disability group, since dystonia does not cause irreversible changes.

But with VVD, you can completely get sick leave, especially with panic attacks. Criteria for temporary disability with VVD:

Pronounced clinical picture, frequent panic attacks.
Moderate and severe vegetative crisis, taking into account the progression of the underlying disease within 3-5 days, rarely longer. Repeated panic attacks of moderate severity within 1-2 days.

Dystonia by hypertensive type

Hypertension, which develops against the background of autonomic dysfunction, is reversible and the disability is temporary. The main causes of disability in patients with hypertensive form of VVD:

decreased endurance to stress and stress (physical, psychological);
imbalance with environmental factors (meteorological dependence, fear of too loud sounds or bright lighting);
hypersensitivity to household chemicals, toxins, allergens;
decrease in the adaptive abilities of the body - manifested by the inability to cope with situations involving control over the operation of devices, one's own behavior; therefore, activities related to the management of vehicles, the work of a dispatcher, and so on are excluded.

These factors, which occur against the background of VVD, lead to a decrease in the quality of life. Therapy of the disease and control of blood pressure will partially or completely restore the patient's ability to work.

Features of disability in VVD

Patients with VVD, developing according to the hypertensive type, apply only for the third or second group of disability. And only if they have a serious cause - another disease, such as a malignant tumor or severe heart failure.

the effectiveness of the therapy and improvement of the patient's well-being;
reduction in the number of panic attacks of moderate and severe severity;
normalization of blood pressure, reduction in the number of episodes of dizziness and other associated symptoms.

Despite the possibility of reinstatement, some professions are contraindicated for patients with a specific diagnosis. This is due to a pronounced decrease in the adaptive abilities of the body.

Such people are not recommended to work in adverse meteorological conditions (frequent fluctuations in air temperature, changes in humidity, lack of necessary ventilation, atmospheric pressure drops).
It is impossible to involve people with a diagnosis of VVD in industries where there is contact with toxins, synthetic allergens.

Additional restrictions are established depending on the characteristics of each clinical case.

Do not flatter yourself with those who think that vegetative dystonia is a reason for registering a disability without any additional serious diseases. After all, VVD provokes temporary symptoms that reduce the quality of life, but at the same time all body functions are performed properly:

digestion works;
the heart is contracting;
a person moves and serves himself.

Exemption from physical education with VVD

News from sponsors:

Exemption from physical education during VVD is relevant for schoolchildren and their parents, but what are the chances of obtaining the coveted document, and what preferences does it give, is a moot point.

What is VSD

VVD (vegetative-vascular dystonia) is an outdated name for autonomic dysfunction. The term is used only by domestic physicians in relation to many different manifestations and origins of dysfunctions of internal organs caused by a violation of their nervous regulation.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is often first detected at school age, which is explained by an increase in the pace of life, an increase in the load in the learning process. An organism that is not able to withstand such pressure, defending itself and demanding a break, “gets sick”. This is expressed in the form of neurosis, accompanied by disturbances in the functioning of internal organs, imitating the characteristic symptoms of chronic diseases. The condition worsens significantly if it is accompanied by depression or hysteria, anxiety, hypochondria and bad habits.

Why children do not want to go to physical education

Having discovered that the child has vegetative-vascular dystonia, parents rush to get a certificate giving exemption from physical education.

The reasons for this behavior of loving relatives - the child is weakened, he does not like this subject, which means that you need to save him from unnecessary stress.

Children do not like physical education lessons and dream of being exempted from it because:

they are afraid of not coping with the task of the teacher and becoming a laughing stock for their peers;
value their attractiveness to the opposite sex. This is especially true for girls, to whom not all teachers give indulgences on the days of menstruation. Girls who have not yet taken shape are afraid that they can get their uniform dirty, and classmates will see it;
the child is really sick, and this prevents certain exercises from being performed;
class is just boring.

Such reasons are rarely voiced by students of those schools where:

physical education with boys and girls is done separately;
teachers respect the physiological characteristics of little women;
instead of traditional physical education lessons, it is possible to choose any kind of sport (swimming, aerobics, volleyball, etc.).

Physical education with VVD

Exemption from physical education with vegetative-vascular dystonia is not allowed.

Employees of paid clinics issuing such documents risk being prosecuted for falsifying medical documentation. Therefore, it is becoming more and more difficult to get the coveted paper through them.

Exemption from physical education is legally issued if the child:

He suffered an acute illness. The term of getting rid of adversity will be from 2 weeks to (rarely) 1 month;

Sick often and severely or suffered an injury, has a serious illness. Then a special commission (KEC) has the right to excommunicate from physical education for up to 1 year.

Certification

Physical education certification is mandatory for everyone. If a child is diagnosed with vegetative-vascular dystonia, he must still be certified.

Depending on the state of health of students, they are divided into subgroups:

The main one, where healthy people perform a full load;

Preparatory, designed for children with minor health problems. The guys are engaged together with the main group, but do not perform some exercises;

A special group required for students with significant disabilities. The basis for transferring to such a group is a KEK certificate issued for a certain period.

If there is a complete exemption from physical education, then the student will write thematic essays, and he is obliged to attend classes, sit on a bench under the supervision of a teacher.

Summary

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is not a disease, but can be a manifestation of:

diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system;
problems with the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular or endocrine systems;
chronic stress, overstrain, overwork.

Therefore, when detecting VVD, it should be carefully examined to identify serious diseases with similar symptoms.

Exemption from physical education in VVD can have a negative effect - physical activity is important for the harmonious development of a person. It is necessary to talk with the child, watch him and find the sport that is right for him. Some teachers go to a meeting and allow replacing physical education lessons with regular attendance at sports sections, subject to the successful passing of the necessary standards on the basis of the school.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia

Vegetative-vascular dystonia ... Many people consider this diagnosis not serious: it does not pose a danger to life, there are practically no complications. However, the problem of vegetative-vascular dystonia is that this disease can seriously impair well-being, and besides, it is not so easy to treat it.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD) is a disease caused by dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system. What is this part of the nervous system responsible for? It coordinates the work of all internal organs, including endocrine, as well as the functioning of blood and lymphatic vessels. Thus, disturbances in the autonomic nervous system can lead to disruption of the work of any internal organ and the cardiovascular system.

Why does vegetative-vascular dystonia develop?

The origin of the disease is akin to any neurosis - a discrepancy between the desired and the actual, a reaction to the lack of psychological comfort. Despite the fact that vegetative-vascular dystonia is treated mainly by general practitioners, according to the modern international classification of diseases, this condition belongs to the psychiatric category of diseases and is called somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. In other words, this is a kind of neurotic disorders, which has found its way out in somatic manifestations affecting the heart, blood vessels, digestive system and other internal organs.

The disease is formed gradually under the influence of personality traits and external factors - the family, the surrounding society, religious traditions, education, cultural nuances, lifestyle. Any person is faced with a lot of stress, and if he does not know how to properly respond to problems and negative emotions, cannot find a way out of the accumulated negativity and internal aggression, this leads to an imbalance in the work of various parts of the nervous system.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a reversible and functional disease, that is, not associated with a violation of body structures, but caused only by a violation of regulatory mechanisms. However, a long course of the disease can also lead to organic irreversible damage, so in no case should treatment be abandoned.

How does the disease manifest itself?

An increase or decrease in blood pressure.
Violation of rhythm and heart rate.
Shortness of breath.
Pain in the heart.
Digestive disorders - constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain.
Tendency to faint.
Increased sweating.
Decreased overall body temperature.
Headache.
Sensation of a lump in the throat.
Sleep disturbance.
Increased irritability.
Deterioration of some intellectual functions (memory, ability to concentrate, etc.).

The disease can occur with a different combination of these symptoms, but more often one group of disorders predominates. If the disease is manifested by disorders related to the functioning of the cardiovascular system, then we are dealing with the most common variety - neurocirculatory dystonia. With neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardiac type, symptoms from the heart come to the fore, when the patient is worried about pain in the heart, a feeling of fading or interruptions. Such manifestations are very frightening to the patient, and this exacerbates mental imbalance and worsens the course of the disease. If, as a result of the disease, blood pressure rises, then they talk about vegetative-vascular dystonia according to the hypertensive type; with a decrease in pressure - VSD of the hypotonic type. Almost always, the disease is accompanied by mental disorders with increased tearfulness, bouts of irritation, and anxiety.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia can be manifested by persistent or paroxysmal symptoms. But in any case, as a rule, there are periodic deterioration in well-being - crises. Sympathoadrenal crises are characterized by increased influence of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: pressure rises, heart rate increases, body temperature rises, tremors appear, pain in the heart, the patient becomes covered with cold sweat, feels fear. The opposite of a sympathoadrenal crisis is a vagoinsular crisis: pressure drops, dizziness, breathing is difficult, the pulse is slow, the heart "freezes". This condition may be accompanied by loose stools and profuse and frequent urination.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a chronic disease. As a rule, patients have been treated for years by different doctors with varying success - they either get better, then an exacerbation occurs again. The matter is complicated by difficulties in making a diagnosis - before making a final conclusion about the presence of vegetative-vascular dystonia in a patient, a thorough examination is required with a mandatory consultation of a neuropathologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, oculist, gastroenterologist and, if necessary, some other specialists. The patient may be prescribed an ECG, dopplerography, ultrasound, computed tomography, X-ray, etc. The purpose of the examination is to exclude organic damage to organs and systems.

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Treating vegetative-vascular dystonia is difficult, but necessary. To achieve a good result, treatment should be comprehensive and include not only drugs and physiotherapy, but also mandatory lifestyle modification otherwise, all efforts will turn into a simple elimination of unpleasant symptoms. With a one-sided approach to the matter, the patient's condition improves only with the constant use of medications - as soon as they are canceled, the disease makes itself felt with renewed vigor.

A healthy lifestyle is the main condition for the effectiveness of the treatment. It is necessary to establish the correct alternation of work and rest, engage in physical education, avoid overstrain, eat right, learn to relieve psychological stress. When choosing physical activity, give preference to activity with moderate intensity - walk, do light jogging, swim, ride a bike, do a set of health-improving exercises, take up ballroom dancing.

To eliminate the psychological background of the disease, it is recommended to take a course psychotherapy. Its goal is to identify actual psychological problems, teach the correct behavioral response to stress and increase stress resistance.

It is very useful to pass Spa treatment which is carried out in neurological institutions. Patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia are well helped by balneotherapy, massage, therapeutic exercises, aromatherapy, reflexology.

Psychotropic drugs are an optional but common component of treatment. Your doctor may prescribe tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and antidepressants. Do not be afraid of these drugs: taking them under the supervision of a qualified specialist will not lead to addiction or other undesirable consequences. A prerequisite for such treatment is strict adherence to the doctor's instructions.

Symptomatic remedies prescribed to eliminate the unpleasant manifestations of the disease. The patient begins to feel better, calms down, gets the opportunity to fully participate in psychotherapeutic sessions and actively work on himself. Depending on the symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, antihypertensive drugs, adrenoblockers, tonic drugs, nootropics, and vasoconstrictors are prescribed.

Restorative therapy allows you to speed up the healing process and improve the patient's condition. Assign complex vitamins, microelements, antioxidants, ginseng and other means that improve metabolism and increase the overall tone of the body.

Phytotherapy It has a good effect with an integrated approach to treatment and has practically no side effects. Melissa, hops, valerian, motherwort are used to calm the nervous system. Hawthorn has a beneficial effect on the work of the heart. Chamomile and mint relieve intestinal spasms and reduce inflammation.

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is a complicated matter. It requires attention, high skill and patience. Do not self-medicate or let everything take its course - entrust your health to a good specialist.

The article was prepared by doctor Kartashova Ekaterina Vladimirovna

Causes of VVD

The most first group risk factors are family and genetic burden. This etiological factor is the most common, since when taking an anamnesis in babies, you can always find relatives who suffer from ailments that are to some extent associated with vegetative dystonia. Abroad, studies were conducted that proved that this type of inheritance can be classified as multifactorial. In addition, various sluggish infections have recently become relevant, and this gives reason to conclude that the primary infection of structures in the brain and the subsequent development of the clinical picture of VVD.

To the second group risk factors include chronic, namely regular or prolonged exposure to various adverse situations on children. This can cause overvoltage of adaptive systems. A similar phenomenon is considered the most common cause of the development of neurocircular dystonia. Common causes of chronic stress in babies include the presence of some kind of chronic infection, or recurrent chronic infectious or somatic diseases. In addition, there are several unfavorable factors of external influence, for example, social, climatic, domestic or family ones.
It is important to take into account the fact that throughout his life a child visits several children's groups, and if the conditions there are not healthy, this causes poor adaptation to a new environment, which can also become a certain provoking factor and cause the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia. This group can also include the nature of raising children within the family, which forms the personal characteristics of a small person.
In the event that it is one-sided, for example, a child is overly fond of one type of activity (computer, music, sports, etc.) to the detriment of another, this can lead to the development of various functional disorders. If parents do not control children at all, this can push them into dubious companies and eventually lead to substance abuse, drug addiction, or crime and injury.

The third group of risk factors- these are residual organic lesions of the central nervous system that have arisen as a result of congenital or acquired pathologies. They can develop after past infections, for example, intrauterine, injuries and toxicosis. Such children have a history of clear indications of early childhood trauma, asphyxia, perinatal encephalopathy (caused by a complicated pregnancy), or neonatal jaundice. Babies from this group are quite acutely ill in early childhood. They are restless and have a poor memory. It is difficult for such children to find a common language with their peers, they suffer from causeless fears. Such symptoms are directly related to damage to some parts of the brain.

Fourth risk group- this is the presence of pathological processes inside the cervical spine. This factor has only recently been considered as a provoking vegetative-vascular dystonia, so it is not yet fully understood. Scientists suggest that instability and vertebrobasilar insufficiency within the cervical spine play an important role.

To fifth group risks include acceleration and puberty, which can also cause vegetative-vascular dystonia. At the same time, the stability of the hormonal background in this period of development plays an important role. His "jumps" interfere with the normal adaptation of adolescent children in the social environment. Parents should be very attentive to the child during this period of his life and to sudden changes in his mood.

Sixth group- these are changes in the personality of the child, which are neurosis-like in nature. These factors should be dealt with by a specialist psychiatrist.

INTRODUCTION

Vegetovascular dystonia, or VVD, unfortunately, is becoming too "popular" now a diagnosis. In another way, this disease is called neurocirculatory dystonia, or heart neurosis.

Vegetovascular dystonia is more and more often called a disease of a civilized society. The age at which it overtakes us is decreasing more and more. A bad ecological situation, urbanization, an increasing study load, insufficient physical activity, an unhealthy hobby for a TV or a computer - these are the reasons that vegetodystonia begins to reap its abundant harvest already among middle-aged schoolchildren. And already 20–40% of high school students have typical symptoms of a “vegetative storm”.

This disease has features of other diseases: neurological, cardiological and vascular, and the main cause of the disease is a violation of vascular tone due to a disorder of the autonomic nervous system.

With VVD, less oxygen enters the tissues and organs, and this is accompanied by a number of symptoms:

headache;

weakness;

fatigue;

a feeling of lack of air;

chills or feeling hot;

dizziness;

feeling of fading and cardiac arrest.

All these symptoms are the result of imperfection of autonomic mechanisms, a consequence of autonomic dysfunction. Disorders of autonomic regulation indicate that there are no damages in the internal organs, only the activity of these organs or systems is disturbed.

Prevention of vascular dystonia should begin with hardening in childhood and adolescence, the organization of a rational regime of work and rest. It is necessary to avoid nervous strain, in case of illness, carefully observe the regimen and other doctor's prescriptions.

Today, one of the most promising areas in the treatment of VVD is physical therapy, it has a normalizing effect on vascular reactivity, helping to reduce vascular tone in severe spastic reactions.

The purpose of my work is to study the effect of physiotherapy exercises on the health of a person suffering from VVD.

Tasks are directed to consideration:

disease characteristics;

causes of occurrence;

basic principles of disease prevention;

a set of physical therapy exercises.

1. FEATURES OF VEGETOVASCULAR DYSTONIA

Vegetovascular dystonia is a functional disease of the cardiovascular system, manifested by numerous cardiovascular, respiratory and vegetative disorders, asthenia, poor tolerance to stressful situations and physical exertion, has a benign course, a favorable prognosis, does not lead to cardiomegaly and heart failure. In adolescents and young men, VSD is most often due to a mismatch of physical development and the degree of maturity of the neuroendocrine apparatus. At a different age, the development of dystonia can be facilitated by neuropsychic exhaustion as a result of acute and chronic infectious diseases and intoxications, lack of sleep, overwork, improper diets, sexual activity, physical activity (reduced or too intense).

Vegetative-vascular disorders occur in different organs and systems. Distinguish:

cardiovascular (palpitations, increase or decrease in blood pressure, pallor, sweating);

digestive (lack of appetite, belching with air, difficulty swallowing, nausea, hiccups);

respiratory (shortness of breath, tightness in the chest).

Any of the above disorders have a common basis: VVD. Any manifestation of VVD is a disruption of the interaction between the vascular and autonomic systems, where the structures responsible for the regulation of emotions play a huge role. The manifestations of VVD are very diverse, they can be similar to all diseases at once. The behavior of patients is often intrusive, a lot of absurd complaints made by them can lead the doctor into bewilderment. Sometimes, with an established diagnosis of VVD, the actual disease remains unrecognized. Therefore, the diagnosis of VVD is a diagnosis of exclusion and is made only after an ECG, a study of the visual fields, an EEG, examinations by an ophthalmologist, an endocrinologist, a psychotherapist, and clinical analyzes of urine and blood are made.

VSD is characterized by a disorder of the autonomic regulation of internal organs, blood vessels, metabolic processes due to primary or secondary deviations in the structure and function of the central parts of the autonomic nervous system and is usually accompanied by psycho-emotional disorders.

Etiological, predisposing, provoking factors of VVD in children are hereditary and constitutional burden, unfavorable course of pregnancy and childbirth, acute and chronic infectious and somatic diseases, foci of infection, organic diseases of the brain, endocrine restructuring of the body, pathology of the endocrine glands, allergic conditions, neuroses.

In the pathogenesis of VVD, the leading role is played by congenital or acquired structural and functional insufficiency of the central parts of the ANS, which are part of the limbic-reticular complex and the hypothalamic-stem formations of the brain.

Changes caused by failures in the control of the tone of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems (refer to the autonomic nervous system) from the higher autonomic centers can lead to the development of the so-called autonomic dystonia.

In some people, vegetative dystonia is observed from birth: they do not tolerate heat or cold, they blush or turn pale when excited, and become covered with sweat. In children, vegetative dystonia can be manifested by bedwetting. In adults (more often in women), a violation of the regulatory functions of the autonomic nervous system sometimes occurs in the form of seizures - autonomic crises.

Depending on changes in the cardiovascular system and changes in blood pressure, vegetative dystonia subdivided into types:

normotensive or cardiac (cardiac) type, manifested by pain in the heart or associated with various cardiac arrhythmias;

hypertensive type, characterized by increased pressure in a state of tension or rest;

hypotensive type, characterized by low blood pressure, accompanied by weakness, fatigue, a tendency to faint.

Depending on the predominance of the activity of the sympathetic or parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, sympathicotonic, parasympathicotonic and mixed types are distinguished. vegetative-vascular dystonia.

2. CAUSES OF THE DISEASE

Currently, the main causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia are the following factors:

Episodes of acute and chronic infections are considered one of the main triggers in the development of VVD symptoms. During an episode of infection (for example, bronchitis), the patient's body experiences some stress, and a pattern of painful behavior and a fear of getting sick again are imprinted in his memory. In this regard, even after recovery, patients remain extremely attentive to their own well-being, which reactivates the patterns of morbid behavior deposited in the memory and causes some obsessive VVD symptoms, which will be discussed in more detail below. Many patients with VVD themselves call this “winding up” - that is, focusing on certain symptoms or concern about one or another area of their own health sooner or later leads to an “intensification” of the symptoms that are being monitored and a deterioration in the general condition of the patient, without progression of the underlying the illness that caused the initial symptoms.

Quite often, the symptoms of dystonia occur long after an episode of severe illness, and express a person's fear of getting sick again.

Chronic stress, overwork, poor nutrition - can reduce the protective properties of the body and predispose to the development of infectious diseases that can cause vegetovascular dystonia according to the mechanism already described above. Moreover, stress, overwork and poor nutrition have a direct destabilizing effect on the human nervous system and upset the adaptive mechanisms.

A sedentary lifestyle, as well as long-term "sedentary work", also plays a certain role in the development of vegetovascular dystonia. Very often, VVD attacks (with a predominance of respiratory symptoms) occur in patients after long and hard work at a computer or with documents.

Bad habits (smoking and alcohol) can also provoke the occurrence of vegetovascular dystonia, especially in young people.

The risk of developing VVD in smokers is especially high, since the nicotine contained in tobacco smoke has a stimulating effect on the autonomic nervous system, and when smoking for a long time, it destabilizes it. In some cases, the onset or intensification of VVD symptoms is observed several years after the start of smoking or immediately after quitting smoking. In cases where the occurrence of VVD is caused by bad habits, a conscious and voluntary cessation of smoking and alcohol can lead to a complete recovery of the patient.

Personality characteristics and various psychological diseases play one of the main roles in the development of dystonia. It is reliably known that the symptoms of VVD are much more often observed in impressionable or suspicious people, especially often in young girls or boys. In this case, the symptoms of VVD should not be confused with the simulation of the disease or with hypochondria, which are, respectively, a conscious imitation of the symptoms of the disease and an exaggerated fear for one's own health or belief in the presence of a particular disease in its real absence. VSD can also be observed in people with an exceptionally persistent character, who not only do not complain about feeling unwell, but also quite seriously try to somehow solve this problem on their own.

Quite often, the symptoms of VVD may indicate the presence of depression in a patient. In such cases, various complaints of feeling unwell are the physical embodiment of depression, its bodily equivalent and manifestation.

3. COMPLEX OF EXERCISES LFK

The dosed use of physical exercises balances the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system, increases its regulatory role in coordinating the activity of the most important organs and systems involved in the pathological process.

Exercise therapy has a normalizing effect on vascular reactivity, helping to reduce vascular tone in severe spastic reactions in patients and leveling asymmetry in the state of vascular tone. This, in turn, is accompanied by a distinct decrease in blood pressure. Physical exercise increases myocardial contractility. In patients, venous pressure indicators normalize, blood flow velocity increases both in the coronary and peripheral vessels, which is accompanied by an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in peripheral resistance in the vessels. Under the influence of dosed physical exercises, lipid metabolism indicators, coagulating blood activity are normalized and the anticoagulant system is activated. Compensatory-adaptive reactions develop, the adaptation of the patient's body to the environment and various external stimuli increases. Special physical exercises have a particularly favorable effect on patients. Under the influence of exercise therapy, patients improve their mood, reduce headache, dizziness, discomfort in the heart, etc.

The intensity and volume of classes depend on the general physical fitness and the functional state of the cardiovascular system, determined during dosed tests with a load. Patients are shown morning hygienic gymnastics, dosed walking, close tourism (mainly in sanatorium conditions), sports games or their elements; physical exercises in the water, exercises on simulators, massage of the collar area.

Morning hygienic gymnastics is more often carried out by the so-called separate method, when physical exercises are performed one after the other after explanation and demonstration by the instructor. Musical accompaniment contributes not only to increasing the emotional tone of the patient, but also facilitates the implementation of physical exercises (rhythm, tempo). In the morning hygienic gymnastics, elementary physical exercises are used, covering all muscle groups, in combination with breathing exercises. The duration of classes is 10-15 minutes, the exercises are repeated 4-6 times for large muscle groups and 10-12 times for small and medium muscle groups.

Physical exercises are performed rhythmically, at a calm pace, with a large range of motion in the joints. Classes are conducted in a small group method (4-8 people) or individually.

Special exercises include relaxation of muscle groups, the development of balance, coordination, breathing dynamic exercises and physical exercises with a dosed effort of a dynamic nature. Physical exercises with a dosed effort are used in the presence of a preliminary training of the patient, mainly in the second half of the course of treatment.

Exercises with a large range of motion for the trunk and head, as well as abrupt and fast movements and exercises with a long static effort, should be avoided.

Contraindications to the appointment or continuation of classes in various forms of exercise therapy: general contraindications that exclude the use of exercise therapy, a significant increase in blood pressure (over 210/120 mm Hg. Art.); condition after a hypertensive crisis, a significant decrease in blood pressure (by 20-30% of the initial level), accompanied by a sharp deterioration in the patient's well-being; heart rhythm disturbances; the development of an attack of angina pectoris, severe weakness and severe shortness of breath. (Table 1.2)

The described 2 sets of exercises are carried out in small groups, the exercises for each specific case are selected taking into account the specifics of the contingent involved and their level of preparedness.

CONCLUSION

Thus, based on the works of various researchers, I have considered the ways of treating VVD through physiotherapy exercises.

In the course of the work, I became convinced that one should not forget about the methods that were developed by physiotherapy exercises in the course of its many years of practice. Physical labor, reasonable sports loads, outdoor activities have a positive effect on the state of not only the cardiovascular system, but the whole organism as a whole.

However, in the practical application of the above recommendations, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the principle of an individual approach to the patient, taking into account the specific features of the course of the disease.

Exercise therapy is effective only under the condition of a long, systematic training with a gradual increase in the load both in each of them and throughout the course.

VSD suppresses and disorganizes motor activity - an indispensable condition for the normal formation and functioning of any living organism. Therefore, exercise therapy is a very important element in the treatment of the disease.

With regular exercise, energy reserves gradually increase, the formation of buffer compounds increases, the body is enriched with enzyme compounds, vitamins, potassium and calcium ions.

With the timely detection and treatment of vegetative disorders, the consistent implementation of preventive measures, the prognosis is favorable and the person can hope for recovery.

Bibliography

1. Abbakumov S.A. Neurocirculatory dystonia // Vrach. - 1997. - No. 2 S. 6-8

2. Amosova E.N. Neurocirculatory dystonia / In the book: Clinical cardiology. - K.: Health. - 2002. - V. 2, chapter 7. S. 755-787.

3. Dubrovsky V.I. Therapeutic physical culture (kinesitherapy): Textbook for universities. - M.: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 1998. S.8-56.

4. Latfullin I.A. Neurocirculatory dystonia: diagnosis or syndrome? // Cardiology. - 2008. - No. 4. S. 59-61.

5. Makolkin V.I. Neurocirculatory dystonia: myth or reality? // Cardiology. - 2008. - No. 4. S. 62-65.

6. Belenkov Yu.N., Oganova R.G. Vegetative dysfunction of the heart. - M.: Geotar-Media., 2008. S. 158-168

7. Complete medical encyclopedia. Comp. E. Nezlobina.

8. Encyclopedia of therapeutic massage and physical education

9. V.A. Epifanov "LFK: Directory"

Application

Tables of exercise therapy exercises

Table 1

Lesson section	Starting position	Exercises	Duration, min	Guidelines	Purpose of the lesson
		Walking at a normal pace with gradual acceleration and deceleration. Elementary physical exercises for the arms and torso alternate with dynamic breathing exercises in a ratio of 1:3		Rhythmic at a calm pace. Perform exercises freely with medium and large range of motion in the joints	Gradual adaptation of the body to increasing physical activity
Basic		Elementary exercises for arms, legs, torso along various axes		Alternate exercises correctly with dynamic breathing exercises	Stimulation of peripheral circulation and respiratory function
		Exercises in throwing and passing balls and medicine balls, relaxing the muscle groups of the arms and legs		Alternate with breathing exercises for the lower extremities. Diversify the ways of throwing and passing gymnastic objects	Increased reactivity of the vascular system due to a change in the position of the trunk, head; training of the vestibular apparatus, improving the function of the central nervous system
	sitting and standing	Exercises for the arms, legs, torso, alternate with exercises on the gymnastic wall (such as mixed hangs) and with breathing			Cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal training
		Sedentary ball games (relay race, transfers, etc.) and short runs		Regulate the emotional reactivity of the patient, include pauses for rest and breathing exercises	Creating a positive emotional background, distracting the patient from the subjective manifestations of the disease, stimulating metabolism
Final		Walking with a normal step and complicated, exercises to relax the muscles of the trunk, arms, legs, static breathing exercises		Walking rhythmically at a calm pace	Decreased overall physical and psycho-emotional load

table 2

Lesson section	Starting position	Exercises	duration,	Guidelines	Purpose of the lesson
	Sitting on a chair	Elementary gymnastic exercises for arms and legs		Perform exercises freely, alternating them with dynamic breathing exercises	Stimulation of peripheral circulation, metabolism and function of external respiration
Basic	Lying with your head up	Exercises for arms, legs with a large amplitude. Lightweight abdominal and pelvic floor exercises		Avoid straining and disturbing the rhythm of breathing. After relatively difficult physical exercises - deep breathing	Improving blood and lymph circulation in the abdominal and pelvic regions, reducing venous stasis, increasing diaphragm mobility, stimulating the function of the digestive organs
Basic		Walking is simple in different directions at a calm pace. Breathing exercises		Follow the rhythm of breathing	Increasing the overall load with the use of auxiliary circulatory factors
Final	Sitting on a chair	Elementary exercises for the arms, legs and torso. Breathing dynamic, then static exercises		When moving, do not make sudden movements of the head	Reducing the overall load on the body

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Vegetative-vascular dystonia

Completed by: Poluyan Victoria

With this diagnosis, many shrug their shoulders: “Just think, dizziness and weakness! They don’t die from this. Everything will go away by itself!” And they make a big mistake: you should not joke with the VVD. After all, serving a living organism is much more difficult than the most modern high-tech enterprise. Hundreds of indicators in various organs and systems are "read" every second by the brain from thousands of sensors. The brain immediately analyzes the information received and gives commands: slow down or speed up the rhythm of the heart and lungs; convert food into energy, send it to the reserve or even throw it out; give rest to this or that organ, or bring it to combat readiness. But all this is within the power of, say, any insect. Man, on the other hand, is a complex system, burdened not only with physical needs, but also with a mental reaction. That is why we are afraid, and our body has to “throw out” adrenaline into the blood from fear, cry from resentment and sweat from excitement, sigh from grief and yawn from boredom. And it is not surprising that the body sometimes makes mistakes. These "mistakes" are manifestations of VVD.

Now a little theory: vegetovascular dystonia treatment of nervous

Vegetative-vascular dystonia (or vegetative neurosis, vegetosis, thermoneurosis) is a violation of the tone of blood vessels that occurs as a result of malfunctions in the autonomic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system is a department of the nervous system that regulates the activity of internal organs, endocrine and external secretion glands, blood and lymphatic vessels. Under the control of the autonomous system are the organs of blood circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion, reproduction, as well as metabolism and growth. In fact, the efferent division of the ANS carries out the nervous regulation of the functions of all organs and tissues, except for the skeletal muscles, which are controlled by the somatic nervous system.

It turns out that the connection between the nervous system and the vascular apparatus is very close. And therefore, when they say that "all diseases are from the nerves", then this directly applies to VVD. With this diagnosis, the internal balance in the processes of the body is lost, as a result, blood circulation, heat exchange, and digestion are disturbed. In the modern world, VSD is quite common. According to the latest data from clinical studies, VVD in 25-70% of patients. Symptoms of VVD are most often found in people leading a sedentary lifestyle with a deformed skeletal system, psychological and vascular disorders (especially VVD of the cardiac type). VSD occurs in people of any age. In children, VVD is often associated with poor heredity; VSD in adolescents is usually caused by a mismatch between physical development and the degree of maturity of the nervous system. In general, studies show that women are more likely to develop VVD syndrome after 25-30 years, men - after 40-45 years.

VVD basically has the following disorders:

* Psychological

* Neurological

* Cardiology

* Vascular

VSD classification:

By the nature of the course of the VVD can be:

Permanent (with constantly present signs of the disease; develops more often with the hereditary nature of the disease),

Paroxysmal (occur in the form of so-called vegetative seizures)

Latent (leak hidden).

Depending on the level of blood pressure, three types of VSD are distinguished:

According to the hypertensive type (characterized by an increase in blood pressure).

According to the hypotonic type (characterized by a decrease in blood pressure).

According to the mixed type (characterized by periodic fluctuations in blood pressure).

VSD is rooted ... in childhood

As a rule, VVD makes itself felt in childhood. Children suffering from it are different from their peers: they are capricious, conflicted, often get sick, do not tolerate physical and intellectual stress, especially at the beginning of the school year. In this case, the child may experience a constantly elevated body temperature, a decrease or complete lack of appetite. Many suspicious parents begin to constantly pull their beloved child with a temperature measurement, bring to the attention of those around him "weaknesses", protect the child from playing sports, "treat" him with all kinds of folk remedies. All this can lead to the development of an “inferiority complex” in a child: he is not like everyone else, it is difficult to be friends with him, he must be protected and spared. All this harms the child's psyche.

The child grows, "grows" and dystonia.

In adolescence, dystonia can manifest itself paroxysmal. It is because of these attacks that teenagers often suffer from increased sweating, reddening of the skin, palpitations, dizziness, ringing in the ears, and headaches. Emotionally unstable and often anxious adolescents are most susceptible to such attacks.

Often, a grown-up person forever leaves his complaints in a bygone childhood. But this is not the case for everyone. The vast majority of women in one way or another suffer from bouts of dystonia. In adults, dystonia is more severe, more painful. The frequency of seizures also increases, as an elderly, burdened with chronic ailments, the body as a whole becomes less manageable.

Doctors consider VVD to be a hereditary disease. After all, nature endows each person with a certain type of nervous system. Have you ever wondered why, experiencing the same overloads, shocks and disappointments, some people become seriously ill, while others maintain mental and physical health? But everything depends not so much on the intensity of psychological trauma, but on the type of nervous system - the vulnerability and emotional stability of a person. Therefore, in people with a strong type of central nervous system, even very strong stresses may not lead to VSD. And the function of a weak type of the central nervous system is easily upset even with small neuropsychic stress.

VVD symptoms

There are many clinical symptoms of VVD, they are very diverse. At the same time, subjective manifestations, that is, characteristic of an individual, prevail over objective ones.

* Rapid fatigue, asthenia, decreased performance, frequent fainting;

* Headaches, dizziness;

* Insomnia or sleep disturbances;

* Weakness of the muscles of the arms and legs;

* Slight increase in temperature;

* Arrhythmia;

* Pain in the left side of the chest;

* Jumps in blood pressure, darkening in the eyes;

* Severe shortness of breath;

* Nausea;

* Vegetative skin disorders (sharp blanching or redness of the skin);

* Meteorological dependence;

* Anxiety, depression;

* Sweating;

* Disturbances in the work of the gastrointestinal tract (feeling of heaviness in the stomach, bitterness in the mouth, loss of appetite, nausea, heartburn, flatulence, constipation)

Causes of VSD:

* Hereditary-constitutional. In early childhood, for the occurrence of VVD, hereditary burden, lack of oxygen in the fetus during pregnancy, birth injuries and diseases of infancy are important.

* Psycho-emotional: stress and neurosis, strong negative emotions (anger, fear, despair), overwork due to excessive emotional stress, mental trauma. About 80% of adults diagnosed with VVD are those who are engaged in mental work, do not get enough rest and systematically lack sleep.

* Excessive physical overload

* Hormonal changes in the body due to transitional age, pregnancy, lactation.

* Organic lesions of the brain (trauma, tumors, cerebrovascular accidents - strokes);

* Major operations, blood loss

* Diseases of the endocrine glands (thyroid gland, adrenal glands, sex glands);

* Chronic infections

* Smoking and alcohol (these two poisons affect, first of all, the cardiovascular and nervous systems, contribute to the development of neuroses)

Prevention and treatment of VVD

Prevention and treatment of autonomic dysfunction should begin in childhood and adolescence. It is an erroneous opinion that autonomic dysfunction is a condition that reflects the characteristics of a growing organism, which eventually resolves on its own. It has already been proven that autonomic dysfunction that occurs in childhood or adolescence is an unfavorable background and a harbinger of many diseases. In adults, the presence of VVD symptoms requires, first of all, the exclusion of various diseases, the course of which is accompanied by impaired ANS function. Among them are various diseases of the endocrine glands (thyroid gland, adrenal glands, sexual disorders); many mental disorders (starting with neurosis, neurasthenia and ending with diseases caused by significant changes in brain structures). In addition, almost all chronic diseases are accompanied by symptoms of VVD. That is why it is so necessary to contact a specialist in a timely manner.

Recall that VVD is a syndrome, i.e. set of symptoms. Therefore, treatment can only be complex:

1. Optimization of work and rest. It is necessary to alternate mental and physical loads, apply various methods of psychological unloading, auto-training. If possible, reduce the time of watching TV, working at the computer. In the absence of such an opportunity, preventive breaks are required when working with a computer, exercises for the eyes, etc. Smoking is mandatory.

2. Power correction. It is necessary to increase the intake of potassium and magnesium salts into the body. These substances are involved in the conduction of nerve impulses, improve the functioning of blood vessels and the heart, help restore the disturbed balance between the divisions of the ANS. Potassium and magnesium are found in buckwheat, oatmeal, soybeans, beans, peas, apricots, rose hips, dried apricots, raisins, carrots, eggplant, onions, lettuce, parsley, nuts. With a hypotonic type of VSD, products that increase vascular tone are recommended: milk, kefir, tea, coffee. In the hypertensive type of VD, it is recommended to limit the consumption of table salt, tea, coffee, marinades and pickles and include in your diet foods that reduce vascular tone: barley porridge, beans, carrots, lettuce, spinach, cottage cheese.

3. Physical education. Optimal for VD are swimming, water aerobics, walking, skiing, country walks, hiking. With these types of loads, the heart muscle and blood vessels are trained, blood pressure is stabilized. Among the simulators, it is best to use a bicycle ergometer, a treadmill, a stepper, a rowing machine. Exercises on simulators are contraindicated, where the head is below the level of the chest and exercises are performed upside down due to the risk of developing fainting, worsening well-being. Martial arts, power gymnastics, bodybuilding, aerobics with high jumps, somersaults, have a significant load on the cardiovascular system. Exercises with a large amplitude of movement of the head and torso, sharp and fast movements, exercises with a long static effort should be avoided. If you still go in for these sports with vegetative disorders, reduce the intensity of the load as much as possible, refuse sparring, control your breathing and heart rate when exercising. It is not recommended to participate in any serious competitions. Sports such as wrestling, karate, sambo, acrobatics can also do harm. In addition, during classes you should not experience discomfort, excessive fatigue, irritability. The main criterion for control is your well-being. Physical education should give you only positive emotions and pleasure from physical movement.

4. Psychological correction. The personal factor plays one of the main roles in the development and course of AD. The sanguine, for example, is the most resistant type to VD. He is less prone to stress, more easily endures the disease, recovers faster. Melancholic and choleric people are the most vulnerable to the development of autonomic disorders. Such patients should, if possible, avoid excessive emotional stress, respond correctly to stressful situations. Calming herbs, auto-training, relaxation methods, hypnosis, psycho-training, neuro-linguistic programming, etc. will help them. Sometimes family psychotherapy is required, the purpose of which is the normalization of a person’s relations with others, the removal of psychological stress.

5. Daily routine. You definitely need to sleep. The duration of sleep can be varied individually, but on average it should be at least 8-9 hours a day. Chronic sleep deprivation itself causes various disorders in the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems, or can cause the appearance and aggravation of the symptoms of an existing VD. The bedroom should not be hot or stuffy. Do not rest on too soft or hard mattresses and pillows. It is better to sleep on orthopedic mattresses and pillows that contribute to the most physiological position of the body and head.

6. Phytotherapy. Depending on the symptoms, choose either sedatives (valerian, motherwort, sage, mint, lemon balm, hops, peony root); or stimulants (Chinese magnolia vine, eleutherococcus, ginseng, zamaniha, aralia, leuzea). Treatment regimens with phytopreparations are prescribed by the attending physician.

7. Physiotherapy. The range of physiotherapeutic procedures is different: electrophoresis on the cervical spine with medicinal solutions; sinusoidal modulated currents, applications of paraffin and ozocerite on the cervical-occipital region. These procedures are also aimed at restoring balance in the activities of the main divisions of the ANS, normalizing the functioning of blood vessels and nerve conduction, and improving metabolism and blood circulation in organs and tissues. Recently, red and infrared laser radiation in combination with magnetotherapy (on the area of the liver, paravertebral, subscapularis) has been used to treat patients with VD. This improves metabolism in cells, blood flow, reduces pain in the region of the heart, however, this type of effect is better not to use in hypotonic type of VD, as it can provoke the development of fainting, dizziness. Water procedures have a general strengthening effect on the body, therefore, for all types of VD, contrast baths, fan and circular showers, hydromassage, and swimming are recommended. In addition, with the parasympathicotonic type of VD, salt-coniferous and radon baths are used, and with the sympathicotonic type, carbonic, chloride and sulfide baths are used.

7. Do breathing exercises, since the supply of oxygen to the body, and hence the work of the heart, depends on proper breathing. Good results are given by sanatorium-resort treatment.

8. Drug treatment should be carried out only under the supervision of a physician. It includes: potassium, calcium preparations, vitamin and mineral complexes, vascular preparations, nootropics (drugs that improve nutrition, metabolism and the functioning of brain cells), antidepressants, etc.

9. Once every 1-2 weeks, visit a Russian bath or sauna, take a contrast shower every morning and evening - train your blood vessels. Take soothing herbal baths, as well as with sea salt, which perfectly calms the nervous system.

10. A very promising, effective method of treatment is reflexology. This is acupuncture, Chinese treatment.

Vegetative attacks (vegetative-vascular crises, panic attacks) usually begin at the age of 20-40 years - this characteristic for adults course of autonomic dysfunction is more common in women. If the activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates in the work of the autonomic system, then a so-called sympathoadrenal attack (crisis) occurs. It usually begins with a headache or pain in the heart, palpitations, redness or pallor of the face. Blood pressure rises, pulse quickens, body temperature rises, chills appear. Sometimes there is an unreasonable fear. If the activity of the parasympathetic division predominates in the work of the autonomic nervous system, then the so-called vagoinsular attack (crisis) develops, characterized by general weakness, darkening in the eyes. Sweating, nausea, dizziness appear, blood pressure and body temperature decrease, pulse slows down. Overwork, excitement, psycho-emotional stress cause more frequent attacks. After a crisis, a feeling of weakness, general malaise, and weakness may remain for several days. Most often, the manifestations of seizures are mixed, so the indicated division into different types (sympathoadrenal, vagoinsular) is conditional, but the approach to treatment is the same.

In order not to be helpless in a difficult situation, it is best to learn how to cope with vegetative-vascular attacks (crises) on your own.

Take 20 drops of Valocordin or CORVALOL. cigars, manual therapy, massage, impact on reflex zones and points.

With palpitations and increased pressure, take one tablet (40 mg) of PROPRANOLOL (another name for the drug ANAPRILIN, OBZIDAN).

To relieve nervous excitement, it is necessary to take 1-2 tablets of DIAZEPAM (RELANIUM) under the tongue (for quick and complete absorption).

With rapid breathing, it is best to take a paper bag where you will exhale and inhale air enriched with carbon dioxide from there, which will lead to normal breathing.

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In autonomic dysfunction, which health group. Headaches Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD)

How many physical culture health groups do schoolchildren have - the principles of division into health groups

They matter when the child participates in school physical education lessons:

What else do you need to know about physical health groups?

The main 1st health group of schoolchildren in Russia

Children from this group are allowed up to…

In particular:

Preparatory health group for schoolchildren in physical education

Children from this group are allowed to:

They are also prohibited from:

A special group of children's health in physical education at school - do physical education lessons take place with children of special groups "A" and "B"?

Children with the 3rd health group are enrolled in a special physical education group A:

Children from special group A are allowed up to:

The following exercises are mandatory:

Forbidden:

Children with the 4th health group are enrolled in a special physical education group B:

Children from special group B are allowed up to:

Vegetative-vascular dystonia

Vegetovascular dystonia: causes

Vegetovascular dystonia - 3rd health group.

Disability in vegetovascular dystonia

Possible health problems

Disability

Dystonia by hypertensive type

Features of disability in VVD

Exemption from physical education with VVD

What is VSD

Why children do not want to go to physical education

Physical education with VVD

Certification

Summary

Vegetative-vascular dystonia

Why does vegetative-vascular dystonia develop?

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

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