Directory of medications by symptoms. Medicines
Classification of drugs
The most common international Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC). In Russia, it is more common to divide into Pharmacological groups. In addition, there is also Nosological classification.
Prescription and over-the-counter drugs
In world practice, there is the concept of “over-the-counter” and “prescription” drugs. The latter suggest a greater potential danger of use without a doctor's prescription. There is a constant struggle between the “pharmaceutical” and “medical” lobbies (respectively, for the expansion of the 1st or 2nd group of drugs and the corresponding business).
State regulation is designed to take into account the interests of the population (the dilemma of “availability” and/or “safety” of medicines) - without bias towards the interests of the pharmaceutical or medical business.
Homeopathic medicines
In a number of countries, these products are regulated differently - either as the category “Medicines”, or as “Food products and supplements”, or as “alternative medicine”. Currently, there is no established opinion of international organizations on this matter, agreed upon with national health authorities.
In the Russian Federation, homeopathic medicines are subject to the same legislative regulation as conventional medicines.
Legislative regulation
The circulation of medicines is regulated by law and by-laws, including the regularly updated list of Vital and Essential Medicines (VED), List of Narcotic Drugs, etc.
Economic consequences of legislative regulation
In Ukraine, there is a practice of refunding excise duty for the use of alcohol in the production of medicines - only after their sale.
Bodies of state control over the quality of medicines
The quality of medicines in Russia is controlled by the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare and Social Development (Roszdravnadzor), subordinate to the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.
In most large cities of Russia there are Centers for Quality Control of Medicines. Their main task is to check organizations selling medicines (compliance with numerous standards for the storage and sale of medicines), as well as selective (and in some regions, total) control of medicines. Based on data from regional centers, Roszdravnadzor will make decisions on rejecting a particular drug.
This is how it should be ideally. In practice, everything looks a little different.
Firstly, the vast majority of drug quality control centers are poorly equipped, and they are not able to conduct a complex chemical analysis of a modern drug. An even more complex situation arises with microbiological research, which is either not carried out at all or is carried out in a very reduced volume. As a result, all, so to speak, studies are often limited to assessing the appearance of the medicine (whether there is an unacceptable sediment, whether the tablets are cracked, whether the packaging is correctly designed, a crooked label, etc.).
Secondly, according to the current legislation in Russia, it is unacceptable to require additional analysis from the seller if the medicinal product already has a valid certificate (declaration) of conformity. Thus, all additional studies must be carried out at the expense of the Centers for Quality Control of Medicines. In reality, this results in additional costs for the seller.
Thirdly, the Centers for Quality Control of Medicines must produce selective drug control. In many regions of Russia (for example, Stavropol, Tver region, Tatarstan), repeated inspection is of a total nature. This is generally illegal, and due to the lack of equipment in laboratories, it is simply pointless, which leads to significant difficulties in the sale of not only counterfeit and low-quality medicines, but also medicines in general.
As a result of the above, we can say that the majority of regional Centers for Quality Control of Medicines today do not fulfill their tasks, only creating the ground for bribes and unfair competition.
Rejected and falsified medicines are subject to withdrawal from the pharmacy network; information about them is posted on the following websites:
Original medicines and generics
An original medicine is a drug that was first released by the developer. As a rule, the development and marketing of a new drug is a very expensive and lengthy process. From a variety of known compounds, as well as newly synthesized ones, substances with maximum target activity are identified and synthesized using the brute force method, based on databases of their properties and computer modeling of their expected biological activity. After animal experiments, in case of a positive result, limited clinical trials are carried out on groups of volunteers. If the effectiveness is confirmed and the side effects are insignificant, the medicine goes into production, and based on the results of additional tests, possible features of the action are clarified and undesirable effects are identified. Often the most harmful side effects are revealed during clinical use.
In this case, the manufacturer patents this new drug. All other firms can produce synonyms (the so-called generics), but using our own technology, if the bioequivalence of the drugs is proven. Of course, they cannot use the brand name for this medicine, but only the INN, or any new one patented by them. Despite the new name, such drugs may be similar or very close in their effects.
Are original drugs and generics completely equivalent? From a chemical point of view, the active substance is the same. But the production technology is different, and different degrees of purification are possible. There are other factors too. For example, it is known that for a long time different companies could not achieve the same effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid (generic) as that of Bayer AG, the manufacturer of the original drug “aspirin”. It turned out that the matter is not only in the purity of the raw materials, but also in the special method of crystallization, which results in special, smaller crystals of acetylsalicylic acid. There can be many such nuances. The opposite result is also possible, when the generic drug turns out to be more successful than the original medicine.
In modern drugs, only one of the isomers (enantiomers) may be biologically active; the other may be weakly active, inactive, or even harmful (see Bioavailability).
Illegal actions in the production and circulation of medicines
Falsification of medicines, counterfeit medicines
The pharmaceutical business is considered the third most profitable, after the arms and drug trade. This attracts unscrupulous entrepreneurs to him.
In Russia, until 1991, the problem of drug counterfeiting was practically absent.
Falsification
Counterfeiting is a deliberate change in the recipe for the production of a medicinal product. Replacing expensive components with cheaper ones, or reducing the content (or in the worst case, completely eliminating) the necessary component of the drug. For example, replacing the more expensive cefazolin with cheaper (and less effective) penicillin. In addition, other violations during production are possible: violation of the time and sequence of the technological process, underestimation of the degree of purification, low-quality packaging materials, etc.
Useful information about medicationsThe 100 best proven medications are still not outdated and help better than others. Some medications also have serious side effects that patients should be aware of. All this will help you stay healthy. But doctors warn: do not self-medicate.
COLD
1. Arbidol - increases the antiviral activity of all body systems.
2. Ibupron is a strong pain reliever, it acts quickly, in the form of effervescent tablets it is gentle on the stomach, and in suppositories it is convenient for children.
3. Coldrex is an excellent vasoconstrictor drug. It works quickly because it is dissolved in hot water.
4. Nazol - relieves a runny nose and prevents the nasal mucosa from drying out, lasts 12 hours.
5. Nurofen is an ambulance, it acts quickly. There are suppositories for babies, but they greatly worsen the quality of the blood.
6. Paracetamol (Panadol, Efferalgan) - an excellent antipyretic, indispensable for asthmatics.
7. Polyoxidonium - stimulates the immune system, is prescribed to children, suitable for emergency care and for prevention during an acute respiratory viral infection epidemic.
8. Ribomunil - restores immunity, recommended for children as the most effective remedy.
9. Sanorin is the fastest remedy for a runny nose with antiallergic components.
10. Flukol-B is a cheap and effective drug, but contains 8% alcohol and is contraindicated for drivers.
LIVER
1. Antral is a domestic original drug, it has no analogues in the world, it protects liver cells from any microbial aggression.
2. Galstena - drops, an indispensable medicine for young children.
3. Lioliv - improves the condition of the liver in case of jaundice (low bilirubin).
4. Lipoferon - the drug is taken orally, it is 5 times cheaper than injectable interferons!
5. Potassium orotate - improves liver function, protein synthesis, and overall metabolism.
6. Silymarin - hexal. Herbal preparation. It contains much more active ingredient than its analogues: karsil, silybor, hepaben.
7. Cholenzym is an inexpensive choleretic drug that helps digest food and improves the production of enzymes.
8. Holiver is a choleretic drug of plant origin.
9. Hepel is a homeopathic German remedy without side effects.
10. Essentiale - for 20 years there has been no more effective drug for treating the liver.
STOMACH
1. Altan is a domestically produced herbal preparation, indispensable for peptic ulcers.
2. Acidin-pepsin. The drug increases acidity in the stomach.
3. Gastritol - drops of plant origin, good for babies.
4. Motilium - normalizes gastric motility, improves the movement of food through the stomach.
5. Sea buckthorn oil - reduces inflammatory processes in the stomach.
6. Pariet - from the latest generation of drugs that are good at reducing acidity in the stomach.
7. Pilobact is the newest remedy for Helicobacter.
8. Renorm - a domestic phytoconcentrate with a strong anti-inflammatory effect, normalizes digestion.
9. Riabal - relieves stomach cramps well, it is prescribed to children. Available in syrup and drops.
10. Phosphalugel is a gel that relieves heartburn attacks well and is less toxic than its analogues.
EYES
1. Zovirax is an eye ointment, indispensable for viral conjunctivitis.
2. Quinax is the best preventative for cataracts.
3. Korneregel is a gel that effectively restores the tear film on the cornea of the eye.
4. Xalacom - it combines two drugs xalatan and timalol. They enhance each other's action.
5. Xalatan (travatan) - effective for glaucoma, you can drop it once a day.
6. Systane is an artificial tear, the advantage is that you can drop it once a day.
7. Uniclofen is a good non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in drops.
8. Floxal - drops, antibiotic, acts on a wide range of microorganisms.
9. Floxal ointment - indispensable for bacterial conjunctivitis.
10. Cycloxan is a strong antibiotic in drops, a panacea for acute conjunctivitis.
EARS
1. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that actively fights the main pathogens that cause ENT diseases.
2. Clavicillin-Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. In addition to microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin, the drug also has an active effect on certain types of bacteria.
3. Otofa - ear drops, an antibiotic used for inflammatory diseases of the middle ear.
4. Otipax is a combination drug for local use with a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. The combination of phenazone and lidocaine reduces the time of onset of the anesthetic effect.
5. Nimesulide - has both analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects.
6. Noxprey - when administered through the nasal cavity, it causes a narrowing of the mucous membrane, reduces its swelling, as well as swelling around the mouths of the Eustachian tubes, improves drainage in case of eustachitis and otitis media.
7. Ciprofloxacin is an effective local remedy for otitis, has an anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictor effect, reduces swelling.
8. Cefaclor, cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime are second and third generation cephalosporins. They are prescribed to those who are not affected by ampicillin.
9. Edas-125 tonsillin - homeopathic drops, prescribed to children from 2 years of age for otitis, adenoids, chronic tonsillitis with water or on a piece of sugar.
10. Erythromycin - prescribed to those who are allergic to penicillin drugs.
NERVES
1. Venlaxor is an antidepressant with virtually no side effects and quickly relieves severe depression.
2. Busperon is a strong anti-anxiety drug that does not create the effect of inhibition. Can be used by drivers and students before the exam.
3. Gidazepam is a mild sleeping pill that does not affect the driver’s reaction. But you can get used to it - you can’t drink it for more than a month!
4. Zyprexa - has no serious side effects, provides immediate relief.
5. Imovan (sonap, somnol, sonavan) - the most modern sleeping pills.
6. Paxil - an antidepressant that effectively eliminates panic, fear, obsessive states (phobias), helps against anorexia, and also prolongs the course of sexual intercourse.
7. Pramestar - improves memory in general and simplifies the memorization of information.
8. Rispolept - long lasting, convenient - dissolves in the mouth like candy.
9. Sulpiride (eglanil) - simultaneously treats nerves and stomach. Another plus: I drank today - today is the result.
10. Finlepsin - treats seizures and neuritis, and also stabilizes mood.
KIDNEYS
1. Aksef is an antibiotic, convenient because it can be taken as tablets or injected. It is sold individually, complete with solvent.
2. Blemaren is the most effective dissolver of kidney stones.
3. Canephron is a herbal preparation without side effects.
4. Movalis - suppositories, a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug that does not irritate the rectal mucosa.
5. Nephrofit is a combined herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. Without side effects, prescribed to children over 5 years old and pregnant women.
6. Ofloxin is not aggressive to the stomach and rarely causes allergies.
7. Urosept - suppositories that act only on the urinary system.
8. Urolesan is a herbal preparation that removes sand well from the kidneys and is often prescribed to children. Available in syrup form.
9. Flemoklav solutab - a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, recommended for weakened patients.
10. Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with a minimum of side effects, approved for use even by pregnant women.
PROSTATE
1. Azitrox is an antibiotic, convenient - one tablet per week.
2. Gatifloxacin is the newest, fast-acting antibiotic.
3. Zoxon - gives a minimum of side effects, convenient - one tablet at night.
4. Penisten - reduces the volume of the prostate, reduces the risk of developing prostate cancer.
5. Prostamol UNO is a herbal preparation without side effects.
6. Prostatilen (Vitaprost) - extract from the prostate gland of cattle, biostimulant.
7. Proteflazide is a herbal immunostimulant, effective for prostatitis.
8. Focusin - does not lower blood pressure.
9. Funid is an antifungal drug of the latest generation.
10. Unidox Solutab is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that penetrates well into the prostate tissue.
JOINTS
1. Aspirin is indispensable for gout.
2. Alflutop - improves blood metabolism and activates metabolic processes in muscles.
3. Dona - strengthens cartilage tissue.
4. Dicloberl is a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug. They are used in suppositories, but injections can also be given.
5. Diclofen - has fewer side effects than others.
6. Diclofenac is effective, but affects the condition of the blood.
7. Ketanov is an effective injection drug.
8. Olfen - convenient because it is in suppositories; it does not harm the gastric mucosa.
9. Osteogenon is an effective chondoprotector that relieves joint laxity.
10. Retabolil - improves peripheral circulation.
THROAT
1. Anaferon is a good homeopathic remedy for the treatment of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
2. Kolustan is an aerosol that relieves swelling and inflammation well.
3. Lugol's dissolved in glycerin is the best external remedy for laryngitis.
4. Proposol-N - has pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and does not have an irritating effect on the body.
5. Sinupret - has an antibacterial and anti-edematous effect, can be prescribed to children - available in the form of drops.
6. Tonsilgon is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic that helps reduce swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.
7. Tonsilotren - increases the activity of the mucous membrane.
8. Flemoxin solutab is an effective instant antibiotic for purulent sore throat, used both internally and for rinsing.
9. Faringosept is an antiseptic that tastes good (dissolves in the mouth). Does not affect intestinal microflora.
10. Falimint - a product with a cooling effect for the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx. Indispensable on the eve of operations, during dental prosthetics and for lecturers.
Attention! The effect of these medications depends on concomitant medications and other nuances of treatment.
Doctors warn: under no circumstances should you be treated without consulting a doctor!
BE HEALTHY!
The reference book compiled by I. I. Pavlova will help you understand the names and characteristics of medicines. In the modern world, the abundance of different drugs is simply amazing. There are a lot of different medicines that have the same effect, and many analogues are produced. It is often very difficult for an ordinary person to understand all this; he wonders why there are so many different drugs if it was possible to create only one that works well and performs the necessary functions.
When a person comes to a pharmacy with a list of medications he needs, they may offer him something else, saying that it is a similar remedy. But people may begin to question how this drug fits the bill. This directory contains descriptions of medicines, the names of which are arranged in alphabetical order. The main substance, the effect it has on the body, indications for use and contraindications are indicated here. It should be understood that medicines have not only the name that is written on the box, but also a chemical and international name. All this is written about in this reference book; it will help any person navigate, choose the appropriate analogue and obtain information about the drug of interest.
On our website you can download the book “Medicines. The newest reference book” by I. Pavlov for free and without registration in fb2, rtf, epub, pdf, txt format, read the book online or buy the book in the online store.
