Symptoms of breast disease in women. Diseases of the mammary glands Infectious diseases of the breast

The mammary glands of a woman are designed for breastfeeding. This is a paired organ that is present in all mammals, regardless of gender. The main difference between the female mammary gland and the male one is its development. With age, in sexually mature girls, the breast acquires a voluminous shape due to the growth of glandular tissues, connective and fatty tissues.

Diseases of the mammary glands in women is a fairly common phenomenon. Despite the fact that they have a different character, approximately 33% of all representatives are forced to face one of the forms of the disease. The reason is the sensitivity of the chest to the smallest hormonal changes, which very often happen in modern ladies. Also, problems with the reproductive system, in particular with the ovaries, bruising or inflammation can affect the tumor formation.

Symptoms and signs

Each disease is characterized by certain signs, but there are breast diseases symptoms that occur in almost all cases:

• This is soreness in the chest area, which can be just aching or even sharp.
• Swelling of the axillary lymph nodes.
• Probing of foreign formations under the skin.
• Suppuration or other discharge through the nipples.

Diagnostics

In addition to the fact that once every three years, women of childbearing age are required to visit a mammologist, they must conduct self-diagnosis every month. To do this, at the beginning of each menstrual cycle (on the seventh - tenth day), you need to expose your upper body, stand at the mirror and carefully examine your chest.

Thus, it is possible to detect deformation of the mammary gland, tightening of the skin, swelling or redness, as well as spots, crust or discharge on the nipples. Next, you need to take a supine position and feel each breast individually for the presence of seals in their tissues or axillary areas. If nothing is found, then you can live peacefully, but if you suddenly appear, even the slightest hardening, you should immediately contact the clinic, where the doctor will additionally examine you, prescribe a fluorography, ultrasound biopsy, mammography or blood test, if necessary.

Every experienced doctor can cure breast diseases in women without surgery, but on condition that they are detected in a timely manner and are subject to conservative treatment.

Increasingly, we have to deal with cases when ladies are delaying a visit to a mammologist. Someone because they did not feel the symptoms, and someone simply could not find the time. It is worth noting that such a terrible disease as breast cancer is initially completely asymptomatic, but manages to grow to a dangerous stage. In these cases, the tissues of the organ must be completely removed, but this may not be the end of it.

Description of diseases

All diseases of the female breast are divided into tumor and inflammatory.

Diseases of the mammary glands and their description:

A very common inflammation is mastitis(acute or chronic). This is a disease in which suppuration forms inside the gland. May occur in nursing mothers due to stagnation of milk. Infections that enter through cracks in the nipples can also contribute to its development. If mastitis is detected immediately, then the development of an abscess can be avoided and the situation corrected in a conservative way. Otherwise, surgery is indispensable.

No less rare is this type of disease, such as mastopathy. This is a benign inflammatory process in the mammary glands, characterized by the growth of their connective tissues. Scientists come to the conclusion that mastopathy is a harbinger of breast cancer (in some
cases). It can be caused by hormonal disorders, inflammatory or infectious diseases of the genital organs, abortion, stress, and refusal to breastfeed.

For various reasons, women develop cysts, the mammary glands are one of their favorite places. They can be found in the ducts, where they are filled with liquid contents, can be either single or multiple. There is a version that hormonal disruptions, especially those caused by improper use of contraceptives, are a provoking factor for their appearance. The cyst may
develop due to the psycho-emotional impact on the nervous system (intellectual overload, acute perception of problems, stress and anxiety). You can feel the symptoms by pulling and burning feelings in the chest, by its deformation and color change. Everything can be accompanied by a fever.

All these breast diseases in women do not cause as much horror and fear as her crayfish. Its danger lies in the fact that it does not manifest itself for a long time, or resembles mastopathy, which confuses both the doctor and the patient.

Fortunately, modern medical centers have equipment that can suspect cancer cells at an early stage. Therefore, never forget to be examined in a timely manner and choose real professionals for this.

Interview with the head of the department of breast pathology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov”, Candidate of Medical Sciences Yuri Gailish, after viewing which you will learn the symptoms of a developing disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment:

Prevention

The best prevention is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. It includes a varied, balanced and vitamin diet, active recreation, full healthy sleep, a reasonable alternation of stress and rest. It is also very important to learn how to avoid stressful situations, it is easier to look at things and not worry about every occasion, to control your emotions and feelings. Any factors that contribute to the weakening of the immune system and open the way for diseases should be avoided if possible.

Alcoholism and smoking affect the formation of tumors and other troubles throughout the body. Underwear should not hinder movement and be tight. It is better to give preference to non-synthetic products.

On the anterior surface of the chest in women is the mammary gland - one of the main organs of the female body. It is involved in many processes, and is controlled by the hormonal system and the brain. Nature has laid in the mammary glands the only way to survive, in ancient times, only thanks to breast milk, a child could survive.

The appearance of the mammary gland is laid even in the prenatal period, so before puberty there is practically no difference between the female and male breasts.

Forms

The mammary glands in women have a different appearance. In shape, these are 2 symmetrical bulges located approximately in the middle of the costal bones. In the center of the gland is the areola, and in the center of it is the nipple.

According to their shape, the mammary glands are divided into:

• pear-shaped - the base is much lower than the top point;
• disc-shaped - the base is round;
• mastoid - low base, nipples look down;
• hemispherical - height and center at the same level.

The size

Breast development is different for every woman. It depends on the work of the hormonal system and heredity. Often there is asymmetry of the chest, but this option is not a deviation.

On average, the breast of a non-nursing woman weighs about 200 g, but during breastfeeding, iron can reach 900 g. At the end of the feeding period, the breast takes on the same weight, but the shape will no longer be the same. It is commonly believed that the amount of breast milk produced depends on the initial size of the breast, but this is not the case. Also, the size of the mammary glands is affected by the work of the hormonal system.

Nipple

The nipple is located in the center of the areola, and in shape it can be cone-shaped or flat-cylindrical. The color of the areola depends on the woman's skin tone, as well as whether she is breastfeeding. As a rule, during breastfeeding, the areola becomes dark brown due to excess pigmentation.

Under the areola are its glands, as well as sebaceous and sweat. The nipples have very thin and sensitive skin, which reacts not only to direct exposure, but also to temperature changes. The nipple may be small, bulging or retracted, which is not a pathology.

The internal structure of the mammary glands

The anatomy of the mammary gland is the same in all females. Its internal components are aimed at the production of breast milk.

Glandular and adipose tissue

The mammary glands in women consist of about 20 cones, similar to a bunch of grapes. Inside the cavity of the mammary gland are the alveoli, they produce breast milk. With the help of manual inspection, you can feel the amount of adipose tissue.

The adipose tissue protects the mammary glands from external factors, in addition, it helps to maintain the right temperature for the production of breast milk.

The glandular tissue is completely dependent on the work of the hormonal system of a woman, so the size and appearance of the breast during the menstrual cycle is constantly changing. It is due to the fact that nulliparous women have more glandular tissue, their breasts are elastic.

Connective tissue

Connective tissues run between the lobes and lobules of the mammary gland. They wrap around the glandular tissue, supporting it.

ducts

The ducts pass from above the lobes, and end with milky pores at the nipple. Small capsules are formed in front of the openings of the ducts, in which breast milk accumulates. The diameter of the ducts is 1.8-2.3 mm, but often they grow together.

blood supply

The mammary glands are surrounded by an extensive network of veins and arteries. This is clearly seen on the chest of a nursing woman. The main large arteries: lateral, internal, medial.

Nerves, lymph nodes

Nerve endings in the mammary gland are located mainly in the space between the ribs and above the collarbone, they are directly connected with the nervous system. The plexus of nerves is most concentrated in the area of ​​the areola and nipple, it is for this reason that this area is the most sensitive.

The lymphatic system of the breast is a complex structure. Lymph nodes are concentrated to a greater extent in the armpit and on the sides of the mammary glands.

muscles

The mammary gland is surrounded by the muscles that make up the sternum. They are protected by the serratus anterior, next to which is the biceps brachialis, and next to them is a small part of the spinal muscle. These muscles protect and support the mammary gland from above and to the sides. There are no muscles directly in the cavity of the mammary gland.

Functions of the mammary gland

The main and only function of the mammary glands is the production of milk for feeding the child. The process of milk production is called lactation. Breast milk is a unique natural product that contains all the micro and macro elements necessary for a newborn and is 80% water.

The location of the mammary glands

The mammary glands in women are located symmetrically, on the front of the chest, between the 3rd and 7th ribs. The chest cavity is supported by the pectoral muscles.

With some developmental anomalies, the mammary glands may be asymmetrical, but often their functionality is not impaired.

Changes in the mammary glands in women

Throughout life, a woman undergoes changes that are directly related to hormonal function. This cannot but affect the condition of the mammary glands.

During puberty

At the age of 10, the girl's body begins to transform. Until that time, the mammary glands were not developed, only the areola and nipple were visible. But with the onset of puberty, the hormonal system of the girl begins to actively produce the hormone estrogen, which starts the process of the formation of the mammary glands, and with it the first menstruation occurs.

At the onset of puberty, swelling of the areola around the nipple and thickening of the Montgomery tubercles can be seen. It is from the center that the chest grows. The areola gradually acquires a darker color, and the nipple becomes larger.

Later, the breast takes its shape and stops at a certain volume, which depends on hereditary factors and the girl's physique.

It is important to choose the right underwear so that the chest is not constricted. Finally, the mammary glands are formed by the age of 14-15 and will begin to change only with the onset of pregnancy.

At different times of the menstrual cycle

The mammary glands change in each phase of the menstrual cycle. In the beginning, every woman experiences discomfort. This is due to the work of the hormonal system. A few days before critical days, as a rule, the breast swells and becomes sensitive due to the growth of glandular tissue, and by the end of the cycle, the breast takes on its previous shape and condition.

Before ovulation (day 13-14 of the cycle), there is an increased production of estrogen, so discomfort begins during this period. The reason for breast transformations during the cycle is the work of estrogen and progesterone. In the second phase of the cycle in the chest, blood flow increases, there is a high soreness of the mammary glands.

The following pain may occur:

• heaviness and feeling of fullness in the chest;
• tingling;
• pain is concentrated in the nipples;
• manifests itself simultaneously with pulling pains in the lower abdomen.

Unpleasant sensations during the cycle are the norm, but if the pain is not tolerated without painkillers, you need to contact a gynecologist.

During pregnancy

The mammary glands also change during pregnancy, but the nature of these changes is somewhat different. Transformations begin at conception.

There is an increase in adipose tissue, engorgement of the nipples, the mammary glands become very sensitive to the slightest impact (even when in contact with clothing, pain occurs). By the middle of the first trimester, the breast increases by 1 size, and by the end of the 9th month, each mammary gland can become heavier by an average of 500 g.

Often, discomfort in the chest at the beginning of pregnancy is similar to what a woman feels at the beginning of menstruation. Therefore, she does not immediately find out about the onset of pregnancy. Also, due to the increase in blood flow, the venous network becomes noticeable. Due to the increased level of estrogen, the areola becomes dark, and a substance is released from the pores around the nipple that prevents the skin from drying out.

By the beginning of the second trimester, discharge from the nipple of a yellow and greenish hue begins. This is colostrum, which after childbirth is converted into breast milk. Compared to milk, colostrum is very thick and sticky.

With an increase in the mammary glands, the skin stretches, itching and stretch marks (stretch marks) appear. To prevent their appearance, you can use a moisturizer or oil.

When breastfeeding

In the first days after childbirth, breast milk may not appear, but the colostrum that is contained in the breast is a very valuable and nutritious product for the newborn. For 3-4 days milk comes, the chest becomes heavy, tingling and itching are felt.

After childbirth, a lot of milk is produced, because the body does not yet know how much milk is required for the child. But over time, its quantity is normalized according to the "demand-supply" scheme. In other words, how much milk the child drinks, so much will be produced later.

The breast after childbirth becomes heavy not only because of the production of milk, but also from the fact that the circulation of blood and lymphatic fluid is increased.

Nipples after childbirth may not be ready for constant exposure. If the nipple is not properly grasped, it can bleed and calluses form. To prepare them for feeding, it is enough to take a contrast shower, and rubbing the nipples with a towel during pregnancy is dangerous for premature birth.

When feeding a baby, inverted nipples are concerned about whether the baby will be able to latch on correctly. In this case, experts say that the newborn will take any breast.

Age changes

With age, namely with the onset of menopause, the hormonal system of a woman is rebuilt. This also affects the mammary glands. A few years before menopause, many women feel swelling and soreness in their breasts. This is due to the fact that the glandular tissue is completely replaced by adipose tissue, since the childbearing age is over.

During this period, the breast loses its shape, falls off and becomes soft. This is the result of not only the restructuring of hormones, but also the periods of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

It is important to note that with age, the risk of breast disease, including cancer, increases significantly, so it is worth visiting a mammologist regularly.

Artificial change in size and shape

Modernity is such that every woman can adjust the shape and size of her breasts, regardless of age. The most durable and effective way is plastic surgery.

Most often, plastic surgery helps women who naturally have small breasts, but it is possible to reduce the size. Large breasts bring discomfort - it is difficult to engage in active sports, posture deteriorates and stoop appears, it is more difficult to pick up underwear and clothes.

As a rule, plastic surgery is resorted to by women whose breasts have lost their shape after breastfeeding or as a result of losing weight. Implants are inserted into such breasts, the size of which is quite diverse.

Mastopexy is a surgery to correct the shape of the breast. If a woman has a desire to reduce large breasts, this is done by removing excess skin and part of adipose tissue.

In addition to surgical intervention, modern cosmetology offers the use of special disposable adhesive tapes for breast lift, which, of course, have a short-term effect. All sorts of corsets and silicone bras are also popular.

Perhaps the most commonly used method of artificial breast augmentation is the push-up bra. At the bottom of the cup there is a strong foam rubber pillow that lifts the chest.

Anomalies in the development of the mammary glands

Anomalies in the development of the mammary glands are not a frequent phenomenon and some malformations cannot be changed:

• amastya - lack of breasts;
• monomastia - one breast;
• polymastia - extra glands, dangerous malignant tumors;
• micromastia - underdeveloped mammary glands (due to disruptions in the endocrine system);
• macromastia - excessive enlargement of the mammary glands. In girls in adolescence, in this case, it is necessary to adjust the endocrine system. In boys, this is due to a violation of the sex glands;
• mastoptosis - prolapse of the breast.

Types of diseases of the female breast

All diseases of the mammary glands can be divided into 2 groups: tumor (mastitis) and inflammatory:

• mastitis- appears due to the penetration of bacteria into the mammary glands through the nipple. Lactational mastitis is accompanied by stagnation, the appearance of lumps. In this case, the woman has a high temperature and soreness of the chest;
• mastopathy- occurs as a result of a hormonal imbalance, namely increased prolactin. The most dangerous is diffuse mastopathy, which can provoke breast cancer;
• fibroadenoma- this is a spherical seal between the ducts;
• cyst- a seal, inside which there is a liquid, but most often does not pose a danger;
• intraductal papilloma- growths on the ducts, as well as outside, around the nipple;
• lipoma- compaction resulting from the growth of adipose and connective tissues;
• mammary cancer- very rarely treatable by removal. The last stages in 90% of cases lead to death.

Breast hormones

Any changes in the mammary glands occur due to the work of hormones that are controlled by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Under the influence of estrogens in the first phase of the menstrual cycle, the division of breast tissue cells occurs. This is necessary so that the breast is ready for a possible pregnancy. Also, the hormone progesterone directly affects the secretion of breast milk and lactation itself.

Another important hormone is oxytocin. Thanks to his work, milk is removed from the alveoli and ducts. Growth hormone allows the mammary glands to grow, both during puberty and during pregnancy. By the end of the cycle, the level of all hormones decreases, menstruation occurs.

When planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to check the level of hormones, regardless of whether there are health problems or not.

breast care

The mammary glands in women can lose their attractive appearance not only due to age or as a result of feeding, but also due to improper care. It will be right to take care of the breast from the moment it is finally formed.

The most common causes of unkempt breasts are:

It is important to constantly keep the skin of the chest in good shape. This is facilitated by a contrast shower and rubdown with ice cubes. Essential oils and herbs can be added to them. After water procedures, the chest should be wiped with light soaking movements, hard towels irritate the delicate skin of the mammary glands. You can make breast masks, the most effective ones include eggs, honey and oatmeal.

Particular attention should be paid to large breasts, as they are most susceptible to deformation and sagging. Owners of more than 3 breast sizes should wear a bra all the time, at night you can choose comfortable underwear without stones.

The skin of such mammary glands requires intensive hydration. In addition to cosmetic procedures, it is recommended to play sports. Physical exercises with an emphasis on the pectoral muscles will help keep the mammary glands taut for longer.

Nutrition plays an important role in the condition of the skin, it is necessary to consume a sufficient amount of healthy fats and fiber.

Mammologists advise regularly performing self-massage of the breast to firm the skin and prevent loss of shape. In this case, it is better not to use cosmetics and perform with clean hands, bypassing the nipple. Massage is performed with light, smooth movements.

Another important aspect of caring for the condition of the mammary glands is the right underwear. In summer, it is better for women to avoid direct sunlight on their chests, be sure to use sunscreen.

Article formatting: Vladimir the Great

Video about the anatomy of the breast

The structure of the mammary glands:

Diseases of the mammary glands - one of the most serious problems of a modern woman, something that almost every third inhabitant of the planet faces. Even minor changes can lead to the development of oncological processes. It is not worth the risk, independently assessing the degree of their harmlessness.

Ultrasound of the mammary glands

Mammography

Mammography

Mammography

Treatment of diseases of the mammary glands

Treatment of mastopathy

Treatment of breast cysts and other types of mastopathy should be comprehensive and comprehensive.

Treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy will consist in the use of both hormonal and non-hormonal drugs.

Treatment of breast fibroadenoma, at the discretion of the doctor, may be surgical. This may be cyst enucleation (i.e. husking) or sectoral resection of the mammary gland.

• constantly inspect the chest for nodules and seals;
• even if you have no complaints about your health, visit a gynecologist-mammologist regularly;
• over the age of 35, have an annual breast ultrasound and mammogram.

Women in whom doctors have discovered mastopathy need to give up bad habits that provoke the disease (drinking alcohol, smoking), harmonize their intimate life, pick up with a doctor.

In the process of treating diseases of the mammary gland, solarium, excessive exposure to the sun, and hypothermia should be avoided.

Preservation of women's health is one of the main tasks of our doctors. We know how to take care of you!

Diseases of the mammary gland (MG) are divided into benign and malignant, inflammatory, functional, traumatic, etc. All of them are studied by mammology - a branch of medicine, the subject of which is everything related to the mammary gland.

Breast diseases (MG) are divided into benign and malignant, inflammatory, functional, traumatic, etc.

It is closely related:

• with gynecology, since the breast is considered part of the reproductive system;
• endocrinology, since many breast diseases are hormone-dependent;
• with oncology and surgery by methods of treatment.

Breast pathology can occur at any age, but the most dangerous in terms of malignancy is age over 40. In Russia, the incidence of breast cancer (breast cancer) has increased 1.5 times over the past 10 years. Every year 50,000 women are diagnosed with this disease.

Female mammary glands are paired organs that perform an exocrine function - lactation, which provides the baby with the milk he needs. Therefore, these glands are also called breast. Normally, the variability in size and shape is large. The chest is always somewhat asymmetrical, the shape and degree of protrusion of the nipples also fluctuate widely. They can be flat, retracted. Their configurations create problems only when feeding the baby due to the difficulty of grabbing the nipple. To correct this, there is mammoplasty or special overlays.

In addition, the size, shape, elasticity of the breasts are constantly undergoing changes throughout life: during gestation, with breastfeeding, menopause, etc. Their external calmness is actually very unstable, because they are sensitive to any physiological and pathological changes in the body, because they depend on hormones. Most of their ailments are provoked by fluctuations in these substances. In other words, the mammary glands are the target organs that are the first to take all the blows and disruptions in the hormonal system.

Pathology of the mammary glands can occur at any age, but the most dangerous in terms of malignancy is the age over 40.

For example, during pregnancy, glandular tissue grows in the mammary glands, the breast enlarges and thickens, the nipples and areolas become pigmented. By birth, the breasts begin to produce milk. Monthly changes occur in it at different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). These sensations last for 1-3 days, then they go away on their own. Such cyclic changes are physiological.

Diseases of the female breast, if they are non-inflammatory, almost all are hormone-dependent. And with endocrine disorders, benign tumors develop in the glands: mastopathy, fibroma, cyst, gynecomastia, adenosis, etc. Their connection with abortion, inflammation of the genitourinary system, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, fibroids, etc. is clearly traced. But the main danger, of course, is in oncology mammary glands. The above reasons predispose to them, late pregnancy (after 35 years), lack of HB, heredity, ecology, stress, etc.

Breast diseases (video)

Causes of pathologies

In the age of the scientific and technological revolution, life in megacities is a continuous stress with eternal haste, psychological stress, lack of sleep, physical inactivity, and poor ecology. All this creates a background for the emergence of diseases. Among the risk factors, these reasons are in the first place. Besides:

• inflammatory diseases of the genital area with insufficient treatment (salpingoophoritis, adnexitis);
• abortions, late pregnancy or its absence, with 3 abortions, the risk of mastopathy increases by 3-4 times;
• late birth;
• early sexual life;
• late menopause;
• early or late sexual development;
• irregularity of sexual life;
• various endocrinopathies: diabetes mellitus, obesity, myxedema, pituitary tumors, pathologies of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
• regular and uncontrolled intake of OK.

Breast diseases are interrelated with pathologies of the hepatobiliary system and the gastrointestinal tract, although at first glance, there is no connection between them. But this is not the case, because the following states are noted:

• synthesis of steroid hormones is disturbed;
• there is a dysfunction in the absorption of enzymes for the synthesis of hormones;
• an inflamed liver cannot fully detoxify, estrogens are not completely eliminated from the body, their amount increases, which causes increased growth of epithelial cells.

In these cases, the initial symptoms begin in the gastrointestinal tract and not in the chest. Additional provocative reasons:

• passion for solarium, sunbathing topless;
• alcohol, smoking;
• occupational hazards at work.

In the development of breast cancer, a large role is played by heredity, improper intake of hormones, and menopause. Provoking factors include:

• menopausal women;
• late menopause;
• late first birth;
• refusal of GV;
• early menarche;
• MC violations.

Classification of breast diseases

All breast diseases are classified according to symptoms and morphology. They make up 8 large groups:

Breast adenoma is hormone-dependent, develops from glandular epithelium, benign. After 40 years, it does not occur, it is diagnosed in young people. It is a spherical elastic formation located not deep under the skin. It happens single or multiple, occurs in one or immediately in 2 breasts. For diagnosis, ultrasound, MRI, biopsy is performed. Treatment is only surgical.

Breast abscess in women is more often a complication of mastitis. It goes through all stages of normal suppuration until it is completely opened and subsequent scarring. If left untreated, it can turn into sepsis. The infection can penetrate from other skin lesions. Treatment is operative.

Intraductal papilloma of the mammary gland - develops in the ducts, benign, similar to skin formations. The most characteristic symptom is discharge from the nipples. They can be plentiful or scarce - only 2-3 drops per day. Coloring can be of different colors, up to bloody. Pain, discomfort in the mammary glands are noted. Not always, but there may be small seals behind the areola. For diagnostics, mammography, ultrasound, ductography are used. Surgical treatment - sectoral excision.

Galactorrhea - the release of milk outside the period of GV. It is often a residual condition after the end of lactation or abortion. It can last several months, rarely - years, it goes away on its own, but a doctor's supervision is necessary. Sometimes drugs are prescribed to lower prolactin levels.

Mastopathy is a hormone-dependent dysplasia, characterized by the growth of connective and glandular tissues in different proportions. There are diffuse and nodular mastopathy. With focal - in the gland, single seals (nodes) are formed, they are elastic, have clear outlines, rounded, mobile. With diffuse - there are small multiple growths. They manifest as chest pains in the second half of the MC. There may be discharge from the chest, swelling of the latter before menstruation. Diagnosis - ultrasound, mammography. Treatment for diffuse - conservative, for nodular - surgical.

Lipoma is a benign formation of adipose tissue. It is spherical, soft and elastic consistency. The sizes are usually small, treatment is not required.

Fat necrosis of the mammary gland is the result of damage to the breast. With it, aseptic necrosis of individual areas of fatty tissue and their replacement with scar tissue occurs. Surgical treatment.

Breast cyst - when the excretory ducts are blocked, a secret accumulates inside the duct, a cyst forms in the lobule. There are single and multiple. Symptoms do not appear for a long time, then there is a burning sensation and soreness in the chest before menstruation.

Lactostasis - stagnation of milk in the segments of the gland - occurs in the first days of lactation, when the child cannot yet suck out all the milk. Accompanied by pain in the chest, redness of the skin, thickening of the tissues. If left untreated, it can lead to mastitis. With lactostasis, you need to try to “feed” the breast with a baby, while he is the main assistant.

Mastitis - may develop as a result of lactostasis or hypothermia, with the penetration of infection through the cracks in the nipple. Its symptoms are similar to the development of a normal abscess. Treatment is conservative, antibacterial.

Cyclic mastodynia - discomfort in the gland before menstruation or in the middle of the cycle. The reason for them is in violation of the water-salt balance.

Stage breast cancer - signs and symptoms (video)

Oncological diseases

Breast cancer - at the same time, the shape of the organ changes, the nipple becomes retracted, the skin color changes, its wrinkling, bloody discharge from the ducts, seals, nodules in the chest are felt. Regional lymph nodes are enlarged. Surgical treatment is combined with radiation, chemotherapy. The prognosis depends on the stage.

Paget's cancer - occurs in women and men, with it there is an eczema-like lesion of the nipple and areola. The skin above them becomes inflamed, becomes crimson in color, ulcers form with weeping, which periodically become covered with a crust. A mastectomy is performed. After the operation, the possibility of recurrence remains high, so the observation of a doctor and postoperative treatment are mandatory - these are radiation and chemotherapy, hormones.

Breast sarcoma is also a malignant lesion of the mammary gland, but connective tissue is damaged here, while in breast cancer it is epithelial. The course of sarcoma is fast, aggressive. On palpation, a lumpy tumor of a dense consistency is determined. The skin above it is thinned, reddened, subcutaneous veins are visible. Mastectomy for this type of pathology is extended, i.e. with complete removal of the axillary, subclavian lymph nodes. Subsequently, radiation and chemotherapy are needed.

Infections and injuries

Syphilis of the mammary glands - can manifest itself at any stage of the process. Symptoms depend on the period of the disease. Syphilides can form on the skin of the chest, specific lymphadenitis, parallel damage to internal organs, and a violation of the general condition are noted. For diagnosis, serological tests are carried out. Treatment is only antibacterial according to the scheme.

Cracked nipples - more often occur when improperly attached to the breast and taken away from it, with insufficient hygiene after feeding. Very painful cracks are found on the nipples, the discomfort increases when feeding the baby. Through the cracks, infection of the breast can occur, followed by the development of mastitis. Treatment - means that promote healing: vitamin A, E, sea buckthorn oil, Dexpanthenol.

Tuberculosis of the mammary glands - the affected organ thickens and hypertrophies. The skin is reddened, there is fluctuation, there is an increase in axillary lymph nodes. Abscesses, ruptured ulcers, and fistulas may form. The treatment is specific.

Traumatic injuries of the mammary glands - the causes may be different (bumps, bruises, pinching, wearing tight underwear). This can lead to prolonged pain, hematomas, and inflammatory reactions. If the symptoms do not go away within a few days, you should consult a doctor.

Diseases of the mammary glands in women do not tolerate ignoring and waiting. This often leads to complications and severe consequences of simple ailments.

An urgent visit to the doctor is necessary if:

• unplanned discharge from the nipple appeared;
• there are bursting and pain in the chest, regardless of the MC;
• there was a rash and redness of the chest;
• sores and "lemon peel" appeared on the skin;
• nodes and seals in the chest are noted;
• the contours of the chest have changed, a pronounced asymmetry has appeared;
• there is swelling of the breast, retraction of the nipples;
• concerned about pain in the axillary region.

Diagnostic measures

Mammography is the most accurate and informative. This method is especially valuable for large breasts and deep tumors. Preventive mammography is carried out at the age of 38 and older, diagnostic - after 16 years.

Ultrasound is a popular safe method. Under his control, breast treatment is also carried out. Ductography is a chest x-ray with the introduction of a contrast agent into the duct with images in different projections. The method very well reveals intraductal formations. It is clarifying and is prescribed for discharge from the nipple and its deformations.

Needle biopsy - a piece of tissue is taken by a special injection, which is then examined under a microscope. In this way, the presence of atypical cells is determined.

CT and MRI are also used for diagnosis - they scan the gland and clarify any of its pathologies.

Principles of treatment

Diseases of the female breast involve 2 types of treatment: conservative and radical. The first depends on the diagnosis, for the most part it is hormonal and antibacterial therapy, immunomodulators, physiotherapy, etc. The treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor who corrects it if necessary.

Surgical intervention - it can be organ-preserving and radical: a sectoral resection can be performed or the mammary gland is completely removed. After the operation, the doctor is able to prescribe radiation or chemotherapy to prevent relapses and stabilize the results of the operation. Minimally invasive methods are used - cryotherapy, laser removal, radio wave excision of the tumor, etc.

For prevention, it is necessary to observe 3 main principles of health: regular observation by a mammologist, ultrasound and self-examination. A woman should, on the 6-12th day of the MC, be sure to examine her breasts every month. After 35 years, it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound scan annually, and after 40 - once every 2 years - mammography.

Women's health is the most important aspect of modern society. But, alas, health care today has become a purely personal matter. Therefore, our goal is to warn about the dangers and suggest the best ways to solve some of the problems of women's health.

There are diseases, the risk of which is negligible, but there are dangers that await every woman throughout almost her entire life. This is about breast diseases.

The statistics of breast diseases are as follows:

Every second woman in Russia runs the risk of encountering breast diseases during her life: a benign tumor or fibrocystic mastopathy. One in ten - breast cancer. Moreover, among the causes of female mortality in Russia, breast cancer ranks second! Mastopathy is diagnosed in more than 50% of women of childbearing age! Unfortunately, these diseases are detected already in advanced stages, which means that the prognosis, in most cases, is unfavorable.

The reasons

There are many reasons for this. Irresponsible attitude to one's health - "it won't affect me". Fear of the doctor and the diagnosis - "it's better not to go to the doctor, otherwise they will find something else." Low awareness of the causes of diseases and their first signs.

As a result, the complete absence of preventive measures and late diagnosis.

Meanwhile, sufficient prevention is the most reliable and low-cost way to protect yourself from dangerous and deadly diseases. So, in order:

What is dangerous for the female breast?

• Any inflammatory processes of the female reproductive system;
• sexually transmitted infections;
• abortion;
• Late first pregnancy;
• Long-term use of oral contraceptives before the first pregnancy;
• Smoking, alcohol, radiation, harmful chemical factors;
• Unreasonable intake of pharmaceuticals;
• Excess ultraviolet (which activates free radical reactions and tumor processes);
• Hypothermia of the mammary glands and pelvic organs;
• Liver disease;
• Thyroid diseases;
• Dysbacteriosis.

Types of breast diseases:

Mastopathy

Mastopathy(fibrocystic disease) - a benign disease of the mammary glands caused by hormonal imbalance, manifested in the form of pathological growth of its tissues.

There are two forms of mastopathy: nodular and diffuse, one- or two-sided.

Often mastopathy is called fibroadenomatosis. This condition should be distinguished from a benign breast tumor - fibroadenoma. :

• swelling and pain in the mammary glands before menstruation;
• slight enlargement of the gland;
• soreness of the mammary glands when pressed;
• the presence of small nodules on palpation;
• possible discharge from the nipples (most often gray-green). Mastopathy is a benign disease, but without proper treatment and observation by a mammologist, it can lead to breast cancer!

Fibroadenoma

Fibroadenoma- a benign tumor of the mammary gland of glandular origin.

The disease is most common in women of reproductive age (from 16 to 40 years), characterized by rapid growth, especially during puberty or after abortion.

It is believed that fibroadenomas are formed at an increased concentration of estrogen, and when the level of estrogen is normalized, they behave in the same way as normal breast lobules, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. In almost half of the cases, especially in young women, there is an independent reverse development, the so-called "resorption", including multiple formations. This can last for 5 years, and the treatment tactic in this case is observation.

The most characteristic symptoms:

• the presence of a dense painless tumor in the mammary gland up to 3 cm in size;
• sometimes there are multiple formations.

Fibroadenoma does not transform into cancer, but in some cases surgical removal of the tumor is recommended.

Intraductal papilloma

Intraductal papilloma(cystadenopapilloma) is a benign epithelial tumor of the breast. The disease usually develops against the background of nodular or diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy, papillomas are formed in cystic-altered, dilated ducts.

Most often appears in the period before menopause. The average age of occurrence of cystadenopapilloma in women is 48 years, and this pathology does not occur before 20 and after 50 years.

• painful knot in the mammary gland;
• bloody or greenish-brown discharge from the nipple.

Mammary cancer

Mammary cancer- a malignant tumor of the glandular tissue of the breast.

The most characteristic symptoms:

• dense, immovable seal in the mammary gland;
• the absence of a pronounced pain syndrome;
• asymmetry of the mammary glands;
• changes in the skin (retraction, flattening, retraction of the skin, the presence of "lemon peel");
• enlargement of nearby lymph nodes.

Most often, breast cancer in women occurs at the age of 40-50 years and after 60 years. The risk of development is higher in women with inflammatory and hyperplastic diseases of the ovaries and uterus, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, thyroid and liver diseases.

Diagnostics of breast diseases

Self-examination regularly, monthly, on the 7-10th day after menstruation;

Professional examination by a mammologist - 1 time per year; Seek immediate medical attention if you experience chest discomfort, nipple discharge, or pain.

Therapeutic and preventive measures

The research and production company "Biolit" together with scientists from the Department of Pharmacology of the Siberian State Medical University developed a set of tools for the prevention and complex therapy of mastopathy - "MAMAVIT complex".
"MAMAVIT complex" is a non-hormonal remedy of natural origin with proven efficacy and persistent long-term effect in the complex treatment of mastopathy.

• Toxidont-may (burdock root extract);
• Burdock seeds;
• Mamavit gel for external use;
• Venorm (granules

Toxidont-May (Burdock Root Extract) and Burdock Seeds are highly effective oral products.

Toxidont-may, even with a single oral intake, has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-edematous effect, normalizes metabolic processes, removes various toxins and toxins from the body. BURDOCK SEEDS, among other things, contain the glycosides arctinin and arctigenin, which have an effect aimed at reducing the activity of hormone-dependent proliferation processes.

• proliferative diseases of the female reproductive system (mastopathy, endometriosis);
• in rehabilitation programs for cancer patients;
• violations of fat, carbohydrate, water-salt metabolism;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• skin diseases (furunculosis, eczema, allergic dermatosis);
• purulent wounds, burns of varying degrees;
• infectious diseases accompanied by fever, as an antipyretic.

In addition, Toksidont-May and Burdock Seeds are great general health products for the whole family at any time of the year! They contribute to the rapid elimination of toxins, improve immunity, improve metabolism, and prevent neoplasms.

Mamavit - gel for external use. Mamavit contains the substance asparagine, isolated for the first time in the world by Biolit scientists in pure crystalline form from the juice of burdock roots. Asparagine has a powerful antitumor and resolving effect. The anti-inflammatory, antitumor and resolving effects of burdock root extract in Mamavit gel are enhanced by a combination with essential oils of lemon, spruce and tea tree. When using Mamavit gel, lymphatic drainage, blood microcirculation and the work of the sebaceous glands are normalized, skin tone and elasticity are increased. On hot days, the active ingredients of the gel will help prevent the harmful effects of the sun.

Regular use of Mamavit gel will allow You will maintain a beautiful breast shape and youthful skin in the décolleté area. It can be used by women after pregnancy and breastfeeding to restore the tone of the skin and mammary glands.

• mastopathy;
• neoplasms of the mammary glands;
• breast cysts.

Also, regular use of Mamavit gel prevents skin aging processes, helps to maintain the shape of the breast after pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The effectiveness of the use of Toxidont-May and Mamavit gel in the complex therapy of nodular mastopathy has been proven in clinical trials conducted in the regional oncological dispensary in Tomsk. It was found that the complex use of burdock root extract toxidont-may orally and mamavit gel externally on the area of ​​the mammary glands in combination with basic therapy has the greatest effect.

Venorm is an obligatory component in the powerful treatment-and-prophylactic complex "mamavit complex".

Venorm (in granules) based on birch and raspberry leaf extracts, cuff grass, Kuril tea shoots; chokeberry fruit juice, seaweed powder - kelp; routine.

Venorm has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictive, anti-atherosclerotic, hypotensive effect. Reduces blood viscosity, prevents the formation of blood clots, improves blood circulation in the vessels of the lower extremities. It is a source of bioavailable organic iodine.

• varicose veins, including hemorrhoids;
• microcirculation disorders in retinopathy, prostatitis, etc.;
• hypertension degree;
• hypothyroidism;
• conditions accompanied by increased fragility of blood vessels;
• lack of iodine in the population living in iodine-deficient regions;
• vegetative neurosis;
• primary dysmenorrhea.

• In the complex therapy of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system in women

• In the complex therapy of mastopathy