The process of remineralization of teeth. Why is teeth remineralization necessary? What is and what are the causes of tooth demineralization

Tooth remineralization is a dental procedure that is the process of restoring and strengthening tooth enamel with the help of fluorine and calcium drugs. Special solutions for remineralization can be applied using special applicators or an electrophoresis apparatus.

The latter method is preferable, since the use of electric fields increases the degree of absorption of active substances and provides deeper penetration into the treated tissues, but it is not suitable for everyone due to a fairly large list of contraindications.

Despite the fact that a large number of fluorine and calcium preparations are presented on the pharmaceutical market for local applications on teeth, it is better to perform the procedure in a dental office, as it requires some preparation that cannot be done at home.

Why is Remineralizing Therapy Needed?

The enamel coating of the teeth (tooth enamel) is a hard shell of the crown part of the tooth, which consists of almost 96.3% inorganic compounds and substances, including acid oxides (calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, etc.). Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, and its thickness can reach 1.8-2.1 mm. The main functions of tooth enamel are to protect the tooth from deformation, damage, exposure to thermal and chemical factors, as well as the formation of local resistance (resistance) to the influence of external pathogens.

The essence and purpose of the procedure

One of the factors responsible for dental caries susceptibility is an adequate supply of fluoride. Fluorine is a colorless gas with a pungent odor and exhibits strong antioxidant properties, reducing the risk of dissolution and destruction of enamel. To maintain oral health, it is important to maintain an optimal acid-base balance (from 6.7 to 7.3), which can be disturbed by acids and sucrose fermentation products and carbohydrate foods. Fluorine, which is found in tooth enamel in the form of fluorapatites, neutralizes the action of harmful acids and helps maintain the usual level of alkaline environment, helping to retain the main components of the tooth (phosphorus and calcium) in its tissues.

The main source of fluoride for humans is tap water. An adequate level of water fluoridation is 0.5 to 1 mg/l. If this element enters the body in insufficient quantities, the risk of developing caries and other dental diseases, including osteosarcoma of the jaw, increases.

Water is a source of fluorine, with a lack of which diseases of tooth enamel develop.

Remineralization of teeth allows eliminating fluorine deficiency, strengthening enamel, increasing its protective properties and preventing the development of caries.

Note! The procedure can also be used for therapeutic purposes at the initial stage of caries (chalky spot stage), which can often be diagnosed only when using special tests with the application of dyes and drying of the teeth, so a dentist examination must be done at least once every 5-6 months.

Indications for appointment

The main indication for fluoridation of teeth are the initial stages of caries. This is not only the most common dental pathology, but also the most frequently diagnosed disease among the human population of any age.

Caries is characterized by the growth and reproduction in the mouth of the cariogenic flora, represented by streptococci, staphylococci and other types of opportunistic bacteria, and damage to the hard tissues of the tooth, followed by necrosis and decay. At the initial stage, caries looks like a chalky spot (macula cariosa stage), and one of the reasons for its occurrence is the active process of washing out calcium and phosphorus from tooth enamel, which is called demineralization.

This type of caries in most cases is asymptomatic: only in rare cases, the patient may complain of hypersensitivity reactions when teeth interact with thermal and chemical stimuli. Remineralizing therapy at this stage is the main method of treatment and allows you to stop the pathological process before it passes into the stage of superficial caries. Treatment usually takes no more than 10 days and requires from the patient not only a timely appearance to the attending dentist, but also increased oral hygiene at home.

In what other situations can enamel remineralization be performed?

Other indications for which remineralizing therapy may be recommended are:

hypoplasia (thinning) of tooth enamel;
intensive erasure of hard tissues of the tooth, characteristic of some chronic diseases (for example, Stenton-Capdepon syndrome);
destruction (destruction) of solid elements of the tooth of aseptic origin;
increased sensitivity (hyperesthesia) of teeth in contact with external pathogens, which can be both thermal irritants (cold and hot food, air flow) and chemical agents (acids, spices, etc.);
dental injuries, in which damage and deformation of the enamel coating is possible;
loss of mineral mass of tooth enamel after hardware removal of tartar, orthodontic treatment.

Remineralization of teeth can be indicated for persons at increased risk for the development of mineral deficiency of tooth enamel. These are pregnant women, women who have reached the menopause, people with hormone-dependent pathologies.

In childhood, remineralization of tooth enamel is carried out to strengthen teeth, prevent caries and reduce caries susceptibility with poor hygiene or excessive consumption of carbohydrate foods. If indicated, such treatment can be carried out starting at the age of two.

Remineralization of teeth in children is a completely painless procedure that takes place in one visit to the dentist.

Important! Remineralizing therapy must be carried out without fail for patients with carious cavities in the mouth. A special composition is applied to the edges of the carious chamber to increase the effectiveness of general therapy and extend the life of the installed fillings.

What is the remineralization of teeth: varieties and features

Remineralization is often called fluoridation of teeth, but this is not entirely true, since in some cases the process of enamel restoration is carried out without the use of fluoride-containing preparations.

Types of remineralization depending on the content of fluorine in preparations

Type of remineralizing therapy	Main active ingredient	Peculiarities
	Fluorine	This is the most common type of enamel mineral deficiency correction, which is used in almost 80% of cases when diagnosing tooth demineralization at various stages. The main principle of fluoridation is the saturation of the enamel coating with active fluorine. Since fluorine is a highly toxic compound and in high concentrations can be hazardous to health, the use of fluorine-containing pastes and solutions at home is not recommended due to the impossibility of accurate selection and calculation of a safe dosage.
	Calcium and phosphorus (phosphates)	Medicines that do not contain fluoride compounds are considered relatively safe and can be used to restore enamel at home (due to their safety in case of accidental ingestion or violation of the recommended dosing regimen). These products include not only various varnishes, powders and gels, but also special pastes that are suitable for daily hygiene care for weakened and highly sensitive teeth.

Note! If the process of demineralization is weak, the doctor may recommend natural remineralization of the teeth by correcting the diet. It should be noted right away that, as an independent measure, natural remineralization is ineffective and can provide at least a minimally significant therapeutic effect in combination with adequate oral hygiene and other measures to restore the enamel coating.
How is the procedure?

The procedure for saturation of tooth enamel with fluorine and calcium compounds takes place in four stages.

Hygienic preparation of the oral cavity. Before fluoridation, the patient must be referred to a dental hygienist who will perform professional oral hygiene. With the help of ultrasound or laser, dense dental deposits, bacterial plaque, food debris, and tartar are removed from the surface of the teeth. This is necessary to ensure better penetration of the therapeutic composition into the deep tissues of the tooth and their rapid recovery.

The salivary fluid can interfere with the absorption of fluorine and calcium, therefore, before the procedure, the treated surface is thoroughly dried and isolated from saliva with cotton balls or turundas. The soft tissues of the oral cavity should also not come into contact with the surface on which the remineralizing composition will be applied.

The doctor applies preparations containing calcium ions in free form to the teeth. To do this, you can use a special applicator (the duration of applications is up to 10-15 minutes) or an electrophoresis apparatus (the current increases the degree and speed of penetration of active substances into the tooth tissue).

Medicines are applied to each tooth in successive movements, after which it is necessary to wait for the complete drying of the treated surface.

If solutions that do not contain fluorine are used for remineralization, the procedure is carried out in three stages and ends with the application of calcium and phosphorus preparations.

Video - What is tooth enamel remineralization

Medical scheme of remineralization

The table below shows the drug regimen for tooth remineralization, which is classic for most indications.

Preparations for remineralization in caries and other dental diseases

Stage Actions and drugs
First stage (hygienic) Any deposits, stones and plaque are removed from the surface of the tooth. For this, laser therapy and ultrasound devices are used. The procedure is painless, but rather unpleasant, especially for patients with hypersensitivity of tooth enamel.
Second stage (treatment with acids) After hygiene measures, chalk stains are treated with a cotton swab, abundantly moistened with a solution of citric acid with a concentration of not more than 40%. The duration of the acid application is no more than 1 minute. This stage is carried out only in cases where remineralization of the teeth is indicated for the treatment of caries. If the patient has no signs of caries, you can immediately proceed to the next step - drying the teeth.
The third stage (drying the teeth) Cotton balls are used to dry teeth. The use of ethers and alcohol solutions is acceptable.
The fourth stage (application of remineralizing preparations) A solution of calcium salt of gluconic acid 10% and a solution of sodium fluoride 2-4% are applied to the teeth. Treatment can be carried out by application and with the help of electric currents. When using the latter option, fresh solution must be added every 4-5 minutes.

The course of treatment for enamel mineral deficiency is usually about 10 days.

Note! One of the methods of treatment is the use of a gel cap. This is a special device that is filled with a fluoride gel (for example, Biorepair enamel repair and hypersensitivity treatment gel). The effect after using such caps is noticeable already on the second or third day, and one of the main advantages can be considered the possibility of using at home.

Gels for enamel restoration at home

Before buying any enamel restoration products, you should consult your doctor, as such therapy may be contraindicated in certain pathologies, such as enamel hyperplasia. The following is an overview of popular and safe dental remineralizers that can be used alone for hypersensitivity and to prevent cavities.

Keystone Revive

This is a drug for the home treatment of mineral deficiency of the teeth, which is available in the form of a dental gel. The product contains optimal concentrations of active ingredients approved for use in childhood, as well as in pregnant and lactating women.

It contains the following ingredients:

calcium chloride - 0.2%;

sodium fluoride - 0.005%;

potassium chloride - 0.005%.

Regular use of the gel helps to reduce the risk of dental caries by almost 60% (subject to adequate oral hygiene) and strengthen the enamel coating of the teeth by 7-10 times. Keystone Revive Gel is recommended for patients suffering from endocrinological pathologies and metabolic disorders, as well as for those who have undergone orthodontic treatment or professional oral hygiene (including teeth whitening).

Use the product once a day after brushing your teeth in the morning or evening. It should be used like toothpaste: squeeze a small amount onto a brush and brush your teeth for 1.5-2 minutes. After that, wait another 1 minute and rinse your mouth thoroughly.

GC Tooth Mousse

This drug for remineralizing therapy at home is considered one of the most effective and safe means of this line. It has a pleasant strawberry flavor, contains bioavailable forms of calcium and phosphorus, and strengthens enamel in just a few weeks of daily use.

This gel is recommended for use in adults and children as a prophylactic for increased dry mouth, the initial stages of caries, oral acidity, as well as after fluoridation, whitening and mechanical cleaning of teeth.

A tool is used for applications that must be carried out according to a certain scheme:

apply a small amount of gel on the teeth (dosage per 1 dentition - a strip of gel the size of 1 cm);

using a clean and dry finger or a cotton swab, distribute the product evenly over all teeth and leave for 4 minutes;

spit out the remaining gel and try not to swallow saliva for another 2-3 minutes.

To obtain a positive result, it is not allowed to eat, drink, chew gum and smoke for 30-40 minutes after the procedure.

Note! No side effects have yet been reported with GC Tooth Mousse, but the product should not be used by individuals with poor milk protein tolerance.

What products are there for enamel demineralization?

Enamel can be strengthened not only with the help of medicines, but also through the use of certain products. With increased sensitivity of the teeth, a high risk of caries and damage to the enamel, it is useful to include the following foods in the diet:

All types of leafy greens, nuts and vegetable juices with pulp are also useful.

Video - How to restore enamel?

Enamel remineralization is a dental procedure that can be used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes and for patients of any age, including children and pregnant women. It is best to perform it with specialists in a dental clinic, since it is not recommended to use fluorine preparations on their own due to the high toxicity of the main component. At home, it is permissible to use restorative pastes, gels and powders that do not contain fluorine compounds.

Often patients turn to the dentist with the problem of increased sensitivity of tooth enamel. Teeth react with dull or sharp pain to cold or hot foods, sweet and sour foods, and other factors. Hypersensitivity can be eliminated quickly and safely.

When a sufficient amount of minerals and microelements enters the body, the condition of the teeth remains normal. With a lack of demineralization, the enamel deteriorates, and the destruction of the masticatory organs appears and begins.

You can replenish the supply with the help of vitamins, proper nutrition and personal hygiene. If the expense exceeds the replenishment, it is worth seeking the help of a dentist for remineralization on an outpatient basis.

Remineralization of teeth- This is the process of restoring the density and mineral composition of enamel with the help of chemicals and minerals to prevent the development of diseases and get rid of. Procedures of this type are recommended from childhood (after 5-6 years) if necessary.

The remineralization process is carried out in combination with the following procedures:

Removing stones.
Enamel whitening.
Polishing.

The main elements for saturation during recovery: fluorine, phosphorus and calcium. They create a strong, protective barrier against the effects of negative substances on the masticatory organs.

Indications

Remineralization should be carried out in the following cases:

The patient has a predisposition to the development of carious diseases.
The presence of deep caries.
Increased sensitivity of teeth to temperature changes, sour, spicy, sweet.
Darkening of the enamel from smoking or drinking tea, coffee.
After wearing .
In the presence of dullness and unhealthy color of the enamel.
After the treatment of the masticatory organs, to restore and saturate their surface with minerals in order to consolidate and maintain the result.
For children and adolescents in the period of formation, as the necessary substances will be heavily used up for the strengthening and growth of the whole organism.
During pregnancy, if there are no contraindications. A lot of calcium goes to the development of the fetus, the sensitivity and susceptibility of the enamel increases. Stocks need to be replenished.

For children under 5 years of age and pregnant women, it is better to remineralize at home with non-chemical substances, after consulting a dentist.

Kinds

You can determine whether teeth remineralization is needed by undergoing a complete examination of the oral cavity by a doctor.

Based on the analysis of the state of the enamel, one of the types of restoration is assigned:

Clinic, dentist.
Independently, at home.

In the clinic

fluoride varnish on teeth

This procedure takes a lot of time, is carried out according to a sequential chain of dental activities:

Cleansing teeth from plaque with a professional brush and a special preparation for oral hygiene.
Rinsing with water and disinfecting with a solution containing hydrogen peroxide to remove microorganisms and fix the whiteness of the masticatory organs.
Drying the cavity with air.
Applying solutions of calcium gluconate and calcium phosphate, as well as complex preparations for restoration, on tooth enamel using cotton pads, changing them every 5 minutes. The event lasts 20-25 minutes.
Coating the surfaces of the teeth with a solution of sodium fluoride, and then fixing with fluoride varnish.

It is often not recommended to use professional preparations for cleaning plaque, they contain strong chemicals that destroy the top layer of the tooth with prolonged use.

After the end of the complete mineral therapy, you can not drink drinks and food for 2-3 hours to fully saturate the chewing apparatus with useful elements.

At home

To restore and strengthen the mineral balance of oral tissues at home, several activities are carried out:

A special paste is used to saturate the enamel with calcium and fluoride for a month, every three days. It is applied in a thin layer for 5-10 minutes, washed off by rinsing with warm water or infusion of chamomile.
Periodic use of gels designed to protect against caries and sensitivity. They are applied in a thin layer, forming a protective barrier against external pests. Within an hour after the procedure, it is advisable not to consume anything for the complete absorption of the substance. Smoking is also prohibited.
Addition of fluorine-containing and calcium-containing substances to the diet.
Systematic gum massage. The index finger, after morning and evening brushing, should be carried out to improve blood circulation in the gums, as well as supply the teeth with nutrients.

For self-administration of drugs and medicines for remineralization, it is worth consulting with your doctor about the type, quantity and frequency of use, so as not to harm your health.

Remineralization in children

In childhood, demineralization occurs more often than in adults, due to the increased need of the body for trace elements during development. Treatment is carried out as in adults: on an outpatient basis or at home.

Treatment with chemicals at the dentist is used after the onset of 5 years of age. There are advanced cases when the need for remineralization of teeth by serious measures appears even earlier. Often, this application: varnishes, gels or medicinal pastes.

At home, after consulting a dentist, the following are prescribed:

Rinsing procedures several times a day.
Teeth cleaning with specially selected children's pastes.
Reception of vitamin complexes for.
Admission auxiliary, calcium-containing drugs.

Prevention

After the mineralization of depleted organs in the oral cavity, preventive measures should be taken to maintain the health and beauty of a smile:

Brush your teeth twice: in the morning and before bed.
Rinse your mouth and throat with warm water after every meal or drink.
Use dental floss to remove food debris.
Eat food and drink at an acceptable temperature - not too cold and not hot.
Eat right, saturating your diet with vitamins and minerals to strengthen the body.
Eat less sweets and highly acidic foods.
Reduce consumption of coffee drinks and stop smoking and alcohol;
Use mouth rinses depending on the nature of the problem: sensitivity; disposition to caries; and others;
Visit the dentist every six months.

Excessive consumption of alcohol and tobacco destroys useful elements in the body, causes disturbances in the water and salt balance and reduces immunity.

Estimated cost

The cost of remineralization of one tooth can range from 150 to 1000 rubles. The price depends on the application of restoration procedures. The more serious the situation, the more expensive.

With advanced forms of enamel depletion and possible destruction, treatment will be more difficult. The dentist will have to first clean, then heal, then restore and strengthen the masticatory organ. In this case, mineralization is applied after treatment, for which money is also taken.

And if it’s just a planned treatment of the cavity and strengthening, then this is an inexpensive process, and costs 200-400 rubles. The price depends on the drug being processed and the authority of the clinic.

In order not to get a pretty penny, it is worth asking the doctor about the amount of work and the cost of services before the procedure.

The process of remineralization of the body in any way will not only get rid of an unpleasant condition, but also make teeth healthy and preserve the beauty of a smile.

Our teeth are made up of several layers that differ greatly in density, structure and function. Almost everyone knows that the upper shell is called enamel. It has the greatest strength and, among other things, also performs a protective function.

The strength of the upper tooth layer is ensured by its structure and composition. Enamel contains many durable minerals, including magnesium, phosphorus, fluorine, calcium, and carbon dioxide salts.

Saturation of tooth tissues with these elements or mineralization begins even before birth, and ends after the first few months of life. Due to natural causes, trace elements are gradually washed out of the enamel.

In the future, this can lead to various diseases, the most common of which is caries.

What is the procedure?

At its core, remineralization is simply a process in which tissues are saturated with essential trace elements.

Natural

Throughout life, the body must independently regulate the renewal of all tissues. The same goes for enamel. In a healthy person who follows the rules of hygiene, has a strong immune system, the process of remineralization (saturation with minerals) should occur in a completely natural way.

The loss of these substances is often associated with a lack of them in the body. Since a person receives everything he needs with food, the conclusion suggests itself - the right nutrition system and a complete diet are the basis of natural remineralization.

In addition, any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should be excluded. Indeed, because of them, among other things, acidity in the oral cavity may increase, which will negatively affect the enamel.

Artificial

If the body's strength is not enough to make up for the loss of trace elements on its own, an artificial method is used. It is carried out with the help of various chemical compounds that cover the surface of the teeth. It is from them that the missing substances are supplied.

Many tools and materials have been developed for this procedure. Some of them are adapted only for professional conditions and specific equipment that is available in modern dental clinics. Part can be used at home.

Indications and contraindications for

This procedure is used both for prevention and for treatment, when there is already any significant damage to the enamel of the teeth. Like any other medical event, it has a list of its own contraindications and indications.

At the same time, simple preventive measures can be taken at home with the help of less complex and affordable means without any restrictions.

Indications

Contraindications

There are very few factors that prohibit this procedure. However, they should still be listed.

Personal intolerance, including the occurrence of allergic reactions to the drugs that are used.
If the so-called fluoridation is carried out, then it is contraindicated for those people who suffer from thyroid diseases, osteoporosis, kidney failure and other problems for which fluoride preparations are not recommended by doctors.

Tools used to carry out

All the variety of tools that allow you to carry out such a procedure can be divided into two large groups.

The first includes only those created on the basis of the element fluorine. The bulk are special fluorine varnishes that cover the enamel. In addition to them, there are also therapeutic and prophylactic pastes, which include fluorine compounds in large doses, which are easily absorbed.
The second group is fluorine-free preparations and materials. For the most part, their action is due to the content of one or more active calcium compounds. This element is the main one in the structure of enamel.

Usually all products are based on one or the other element separately, since their combination can form specific salts that are harmful to the teeth and can act destructively.

Recently, however, special gels have appeared that contain all the minerals necessary for teeth in a complex. The water component does not allow them to form compounds that adversely affect the enamel.

Description of some drugs

Carrying out in the clinic

This happens in several stages, which may vary slightly depending on the materials used.

Preparatory procedures. The specialist conducts a thorough examination of the entire oral cavity and teeth. This should be followed by a professional cleaning. It includes the complete removal of plaque and tartar, if any, on the surface. This is necessary, as there are many bacteria in the plaque, which can have a destructive effect, being already under a special coating. After cleaning, the surface must be thoroughly dried.

Next stage - directly remineralization. The doctor applies one of several possible materials to the enamel (fluorine varnish, which is called "artificial enamel", chemical preparations with magnesium and calcium fluorides).
If a calcium-magnesium complex is used, then after repeated drying teeth must be coated with another composition - calcium-copper hydroxide. This substance contributes to the breakdown of fluorides into microcrystals, and, as a result, easier penetration into the dense structure of enamel.

The described procedure is called deep fluoridation. It is used when the damage is already quite noticeable on the surface of the teeth and the active development of caries begins.

Conducting at home

Remineralization, which is carried out independently at home, should be approached comprehensively. What is included in this complex?

First of all, you should think about changing your diet. The use of products that contain essential substances in large quantities (calcium, fluorine, magnesium, and so on) will be useful not only for enamel. These foods include milk and many dairy products, nuts, green vegetables, legumes, meat, and more.
Followed by to refuse from bad habits, as they are one of the factors causing tooth decay.
Taking complex drugs containing trace elements and vitamins.

Carrying out gum massage. This helps to improve nutrition in tissues and improves the supply of essential substances.
Regular brushing of teeth with medicated pastes(Lacalut Fluor, Pepsodent, Apadent). Sometimes it is also possible to carry out applications with such pastes.
Use of special gels for remineralization of teeth. Applications are made for 10–15 minutes, for example, with the well-known drug R.O.C.S. Medical Minerals.

Detailed instructions - how to do everything, are waiting for you in the following video:

Prices

The cost of such a procedure can vary greatly depending on which methods and materials will be used. In addition, it is worth considering that professional cleaning of the teeth, which is mandatory, will also be included in the full price.

Another factor in price changes is the choice of a particular clinic. The more famous the dental center, the more experienced specialists work in it, the higher the price will be, respectively.

Here is a list of approximate (average) prices for some of the possible procedures.

Each of us dreams of a beautiful Hollywood smile, and this requires healthy and strong teeth. How to preserve and strengthen tooth enamel at home, and what methods do doctors use? What is tooth remineralization? Let's try to understand this issue.

Tooth enamel

If we consider the structure of the enamel layer of the tooth, we will see that it consists of a crystalline network, which, in turn, includes tiny prisms of hydroxyalaites. Due to such a porous structure, acids easily penetrate into the tooth enamel, and minerals are removed. Under the influence of an acidic environment, caries appears, the enamel layer is gradually destroyed, and this process is called demineralization of tooth enamel. Prolonged exposure to acids as a result leads first to superficial caries, and then it reaches the pulp. Painful pulpitis begins.

There are some factors that affect the condition of tooth enamel:

The anatomical structure of the tooth, the spaces between the teeth.
Oral hygiene.
Saturation of enamel with fluorine.
The quality of food intake and the amount of trace elements and vitamins in the body.
The composition and amount of saliva.
genetic factor.
The state of human health.

Given the susceptibility of enamel, it is necessary to protect it, since it can be restored only if it is slightly destroyed, so strengthening it is simply necessary.

Recovery process

Remineralization of teeth is the restoration of tooth enamel, increasing its resistance to the effects of an acidic environment. This procedure reduces the sensitivity of the teeth. It has its positive aspects:

The enamel is strengthened.
Stops the development of caries at the initial stage.
Decreased tooth sensitivity.
A healthy color returns after wearing braces.
Incorrect bleaching with hard abrasives is neutralized.
The microflora of the oral cavity is normalized.
Tooth enamel is lightened by 4 tones.

In the arsenal of dentists, there are two ways to remineralize tooth enamel:

Artificial.
Natural.

Each type has its own distinctive features, pros and cons.

artificial way

In specialized clinics and dental offices, artificial remineralization of teeth is carried out. The following drugs are used for it:

10% calcium gluconate or calcium chloride,
0.2% sodium fluoride,
5-10% calcium phosphate,
2.5% calcium glycerophosphate,
complex preparations: "Remodent", "Ftorodent", GC Tooth Mouss and others.

The essence of the procedure for artificial mineralization of teeth is as follows:

A damaged tooth is covered with artificial enamel, this creates a barrier protection.
The tooth is covered with calcium-fluorine varnish, in addition to the barrier protection, the enamel is strengthened, and the damaged structure of the tooth is restored. Such a varnish is applied with a special brush or mouthguards are used, which are made in the dental office.

Artificial tooth remineralization may include fluoridation. If the procedure does not include this stage, then the teeth are coated with active calcium in several layers. In the end, fluorine varnish is used as a fixative.

In the case when fluoridation is provided, active calcium and fluorine are applied in turn. This creates a strong protective shell. This method is called deep fluoridation. The course of remotherapy of teeth lasts from 5 to 20 days.

One way to remineralize is to use electrophoresis. Calcium and fluorine enter the tooth structure under the influence of weak current discharges that are not felt by a person. The number of physiotherapeutic procedures is from 10 to 15.

The artificial method has a positive side - a quick solution to the problem of damaged enamel. The negative side is the rapid wear of the coating. Conclusion: the problem is solved quickly, but not for long.

Natural remineralization of teeth

This method consists in strengthening the enamel, normalizing the composition of saliva and increasing the intake of minerals into the body. All this is quite affordable for everyone at home, for this you need:

Normalize your diet.
Increase the intake of foods containing calcium, fluorine and phosphorus.
Take mineral complexes, they have a good effect not only on tooth enamel, but also on the condition of the gums.
It is necessary to drink a sufficient amount of liquid enriched with fluorine and calcium. As a result of this, saliva will be released, creating the correct alkaline environment.
Observe hygiene Brush your teeth at least twice a day with therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes. This procedure should continue for at least 3 minutes.

Restoring enamel at home

Remineralization of teeth at home, therefore, involves the use of a natural method. However, it is worth supplementing it with the procedures that the doctor will prescribe. Only a dentist will select the right treatment. Of course, these will be primarily calcium, fluorine and phosphorus preparations. Professional products of very high concentration are prescribed in a short course in the form of fluoride applications.

At home, pastes, gels and rinses are used.

It should be borne in mind that an excess of fluorine is just as dangerous as its deficiency. This must be remembered if fluoride-containing preparations are used.

Gels for tooth enamel

It is good to use gel for remineralization of teeth as an addition to pastes. It is effective only at the first stage of caries. It brightens teeth well and reduces sensitivity. If the gel is used regularly, then a film is formed on the teeth, which promotes the penetration of minerals into the tooth and protects against the effects of acids.

Also, when using such additional funds, foci of inflammation are neutralized, conditions for the reproduction of bacteria are eliminated, enamel is strengthened, all this is an excellent prophylactic against caries. The gel can be used after bleaching and for focal remineralization. For home use, drugs such as Amazing White Minerals, Vivax Dent, R.O.C.S. Medical Minerals.

In order for teeth remineralization at home to be effective, you should follow the instructions for using the drugs and take into account the recommendations of the dentist.

The need for remineralization

Not everyone, of course, is shown such a procedure, but there is a category of patients who need remineralization:

Children and adults on
At the risk of developing caries as a method of prevention.
People with increased tooth sensitivity.
Patients after treatment with braces.
People with darkened enamel.
Children in adolescence.
To old people.
Pregnant.

Child care

Remineralization of teeth in children, as a rule, begins at the age of 6.

This happens with the help of caps, which are filled with mineral complexes. They must be worn for at least 20 minutes a day. The gel consists of active substances:

Xylitol reduces the activity of pathogenic bacteria.
Calcium glycerophosphate forms a film that prevents calcium loss.

The course of treatment is 2-4 weeks. The drug that fills the mouthguard is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the characteristics of the child's body.

Remineralization of milk teeth can be done at home. It includes the use of preparations containing calcium, fluoride and phosphate. These products can be rubbed into the teeth, some can be used in the form of applications, as an addition, use toothpaste and rinses. The course of treatment must be agreed with the dentist.

Remineralization of tooth enamel will be faster and the effect will last longer if you follow these simple tips:

Everyone should remember that the most effective remedy for preserving enamel is daily oral care and prevention. Regular visits to the dentist will help keep your teeth strong and healthy. This is the only way to be sure that the smile will always be dazzling.

Even regular and complete oral care is not able to guarantee a person the complete absence of dental diseases.

Enamel, which is the outer and hardest layer of the elements of the jaw row, eventually loses the mineral elements present in it.

This process is called demineralization and leads to an increase in the sensitivity of the teeth, the appearance of microscopic cracks on them, and susceptibility to carious lesions.

According to experts, the following factors most often lead to the development of demineralization of the tooth surface:

unbalanced diet;
violation of the process of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, resulting in the development of hypovitaminosis;
pathologies of the functioning of the endocrine system, which entail a violation of metabolic processes in the body;
non-compliance with hygiene procedures of the oral cavity;
inflammatory processes in the gum tissue;
wearing orthodontic or removable orthopedic structures;
high crowding of teeth;
the presence of diabetes;
hormonal changes in the body.

If any of these problems occur, you should consult a dentist. This will help to timely detect the beginning of the process of washing out useful substances from the enamel and prevent it.

Indications for the procedure

The remineralization procedure is prescribed by the dentist if the patient has the following pathological signs:

the occurrence of toothache during the use of foods at too high or low temperatures, the intake of sour or sweet foods;
the development of carious enamel lesions that do not affect the internal tissue of the tooth;
increased abrasion of enamel or its thinning as a result of whitening, elimination of mineralized plaque or wearing an orthodontic structure;
loss of natural shine of the tooth covering;
inflammation and increased sensitivity of the gum tissue;
congenital lack of mineralization of the surface of the incisors;
a period of increased body need for minerals - pregnancy, menopause, adolescence.

Contraindications

Despite the absolute safety of the procedure, specialists of dental centers note that it is contraindicated in the following cases:

in the presence of individual intolerance to the drugs used, which manifests itself in the occurrence of an allergic reaction;
in the case of fluoridation of teeth in the presence of factors for which it is not recommended - diseases of the excretory system, pathological functioning of the thyroid gland.

Operating principle

Remineralization is a procedure for restoring the structure of the tooth surface by normalizing the balance of mineral elements that are present in the enamel.

This allows you to reduce the risk of developing caries, increase the strength of the row elements and protect them from the action of negative external factors.

The essence of the remineralization process is based on the property of enamel semipermeability. The tooth surface is covered with a special preparation that contains a complex of mineral elements necessary to maintain the integrity of the incisors.

It may include calcium, phosphorus, zinc, ionized fluorides and other components that improve the protective properties of enamel.

The remineralization procedure can be carried out both in dentistry, using professional formulations, and independently, thanks to therapeutic and prophylactic pastes and special gels.

The frequency of the procedure depends on the initial state of the elements of the dentition, therefore It is advisable to consult a dentist first.

Learn about why tooth enamel is thinning and by what methods it can be restored from the video.

Professional Technique - in Dentistry

The procedure for remineralization in a dental clinic involves the use of professional preparations.

Among them, two large groups are distinguished - fluorine-containing agents and preparations based on calcium compounds. The choice of a particular compound depends on the degree of demineralization of the tooth surface.

Used drugs

Most often, dentists use the following substances to restore the mineral balance of enamel:

Complex means− "Remodent", "GC Tooth Mousse", "Ftorodent". Applications with a 3% solution of these products saturate the enamel with essential elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc. Due to the absence of toxic compounds, they can be used to restore the mineral composition of temporary teeth in children from two years of age.
10% solution of gluconate or calcium chloride. The application of gauze swabs moistened with the preparation to the tooth surface makes it possible to compensate for the calcium deficiency. For more complete penetration into the tissues of the tooth, the electrophoresis method can be used.
sodium fluoride. The compound is most often applied to the enamel after the use of calcium-containing preparations. Sodium fluoride helps to activate the process of protein metabolism in the tissues of the tooth, as well as to reduce permeability.

Carrying out the procedure

The process of artificial remineralization of the tooth surface, carried out in the dental center, includes several stages:

Enamel preparation. Before starting to saturate the bone organs with minerals, the dentist performs a sanitation of the oral cavity, which includes professional cleaning with the removal of mineralized deposits.
This removes the bacteria present on the surface of the teeth and eliminates the possibility of their further development and reproduction under the applied mineral coating. At the end of the preparatory stage, the enamel is thoroughly dried.
Revitalizing gel application. With the help of a special device, the dentist distributes a preparation containing certain mineral elements over the tooth surface.
His choice depends on the degree of depletion of the enamel. Most often at this stage, applications with calcium-containing compounds are used.
Fluorine coating. Using a brush or mouthguard, sodium fluoride is applied to the enamel, which promotes the activation of the mineralization process, as well as the creation of a protective layer on the surface of the teeth, which prevents the destructive action of food acids.
Carrying out electrophoresis. This stage is not used in every case, however, it allows to increase the efficiency of the procedure.
Due to the effect of low electric current discharges on the tooth surface, the active elements of the professional gel penetrate into deeper layers.

Depending on the type of composition used, the procedure may vary slightly. The duration of its implementation and the need for repetition is determined by the attending physician on the basis of a preliminary examination of the state of the elements of the jaw row.

What to do after

The duration of the preservation of the results of remineralization carried out in dentistry depends on whether the patient adheres to the following recommendations of the attending physician:

within 2-3 hours after the procedure, it is necessary to refrain from eating and drinking;
the procedure for brushing your teeth must be carried out at least twice a day using a thread or an irrigator;
it is advisable to reduce the amount of foods containing simple carbohydrates and add more fruits and vegetables to the diet;
regularly undergo examinations at the dentist and repeat the procedure as necessary;
undergo an examination to determine the level of vitamins and minerals in the body and prescribe the necessary complex by the doctor.

natural way

In addition to artificial remineralization, which involves the application of special compounds, teeth can be enriched with useful components in a natural way.

It includes the following activities:

diet modification, with the inclusion of dairy products, legumes, seeds, nuts, green vegetables, meat and fish, which are rich in calcium, phosphorus and fluorine;
rejection of bad habits, contributing to the destruction of enamel;
the use of fluoridated and calcined water in small quantities after prior consultation with a doctor;
taking vitamin complexes prescribed by a specialist to avoid nutritional deficiencies;
use of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes and rinses to prevent leaching of mineral particles from the enamel.

At home

To restore the mineral balance of the enamel and maintain it at the required level, you can use preparations intended for home use.

These include therapeutic and prophylactic pastes, rinses, gels. However, in order for these funds to be beneficial and not harm your teeth, you must adhere to the following rules:

The composition of the paste should include one active ingredient - calcium or fluorine. The simultaneous presence of these elements will lead to their neutralization.
The choice of remineralizing gel should be carried out after consultation with the dentist, based on his recommendations.
Before applying a special gel, it is necessary to remove bacterial plaque from the surface of the teeth with a paste and brush, and then remove moisture from the enamel with a gauze swab or directed air flow.
For the convenience of applying the composition, dentists recommend using a device for fixing the lips.
Before using a particular drug for remineralization, you must read the instructions for its use and safety measures.

Gels

At the initial stage of demineralization, it is possible to prevent its further progression through the use of such drugs:

Amazing White Minerals. This gel allows you to fight caries at the stage of its occurrence, reduces the sensitivity of the teeth and increases the duration of their whiteness after professional whitening.
Vivax Dent. The composition of the remineralizing balm includes sodium fluoride, a complex of peptides, kelp extract, and castor oil. The product is intended for daily use and has antibacterial and antiseptic properties.
R.O.C.S. Medical Minerals. The drug is designed to strengthen sensitive teeth. It contains compounds of magnesium, calcium and fluorine, which increase the strength of the enamel and inhibit the activity of bacteria.
Lacalut Alpin- toothpaste with anti-caries and anti-plaque properties. Thanks to sodium fluoride and a mineral complex, the product tones the gum tissue and slows down the formation of mineralized plaque.
Gel Elmex contains sodium fluoride and aminofluoride, which contribute to the mineralization and strengthening of enamel. The instruction suggests brushing your teeth with the product no more than once a week.

Price

The cost of remineralization depends on whether a professional procedure is used or drugs used at home.

So, for cabinet saturation of teeth with a vitamin complex, you will have to pay from 150 to 300 rubles per tooth.

The cost of funds for self-use is as follows:

The video describes in detail the professional approach to the process of remineralization of teeth.