A similar mushroom is possibly poisoning. When do symptoms of mushroom poisoning appear?

On our planet, there is an incredible number of species and subspecies of mushrooms that live in forests, fields, parks and squares, along highways, in gardens and orchards. From early childhood it is known that not all of them are edible. The bright handsome fly agaric, drawn on the covers of fairy tales for the smallest, carries a deadly threat. And the unsightly butter dish, slippery and inconspicuous, is tasty and healthy.

Danger in the forest lies in wait for everyone. How not to get poisoned by mushrooms with such a variety? What are the first symptoms of poisoning? When do they appear, and what first aid is needed? What will be the further treatment for mushroom poisoning?

Mushrooms are divided into edible, conditionally edible and inedible

Quick Reference

Edible- can be safely eaten, some even raw. These include the king of mushrooms - boletus, which contains the largest amount of nutrients (one kilogram in nutritional value is comparable to 100 grams of meat).

No less useful are boletus, boletus, mushrooms and chanterelles, champignons, mushrooms, russula. People have learned to grow many representatives of this group in artificial conditions: on an industrial scale, in their backyard, in a barn or basement.

Conditionally edible- require careful cooking - long boiling with frequent changes of water. When using boletus, deer horns, serushki, rubella and non-compliance with the conditions of preparation, symptoms of mild poisoning may appear.

Learn to distinguish edible mushrooms from their counterparts

inedible- bile (bitter), beautiful boletus, inedible breast - due to taste, they are unsuitable for consumption. They are so bitter that getting into dishes even in small quantities spoil the taste. Upon entering the body, they will manifest themselves as a quickly reversible indigestion.

Poisonous- in no case should you eat it - neither try it raw (“to determine edibility”), nor put it in the general harvest, nor add it to food. First aid in case of ingestion should be immediate. Satanic, fly agaric, pale grebe contain highly toxic substances in the pulp that can lead to serious consequences and death in small quantities. Mushroom poison is preserved after cooking, salting, drying. The first signs of mushroom poisoning appear within 2-3 hours after consumption.

Poisonous mushrooms - the cause of serious poisoning

false mushrooms- a collective concept, they are dangerous because of their external resemblance to the real ones. This group includes inedible, conditionally edible and poisonous.

In some countries, mushrooms are eaten, which in others are considered inedible or conditionally edible. There are no specific signs of poisonous mushrooms. The most consistent feature is the spongy structure of the cap of the edible mushroom.

In most grebes, fly agarics, it is lamellar. Only in the satanic mushroom, the structure of the cap is similar to the boletus, but when damaged, its flesh turns blue. White - remains white, does not change color either when broken or when cooked.

Pay attention to the appearance of the cap of grebes: it resembles a pot strung on a thin long pole. Double (false) mushrooms are similar to edible mushrooms, remember this when you are in the forest.

Do not destroy poisonous mushrooms

Being harmful to humans, they remain part of the ecological system of the forest, benefit the forest inhabitants of the Mushroom, grow together with the roots of the trees under which they grow, nourish them with microelements and moisture. The enzymes that make up the pulp of the fly agaric and pale grebe decompose the cellulose and lignin of fallen leaves, accelerating decay.

Their destruction leads to disruption of the ecological balance. In folk medicine, small concentrations of fungal toxins in the form of water and alcohol tinctures have long been used, and animals use them as antibiotics and antihelminths.

What mushrooms can be poisoned?

Poisonous mushrooms are forbidden to eat

First of all, you can not eat poisonous mushrooms. Edible and conditionally edible - dangerous to the human body if brought from an industrial area, collected near highways or railway tracks, in landfills.

Mushroom pulp from the soil and the atmosphere absorbs both useful substances and toxins, radionuclides. Overgrown ones also contain a greater amount of harmful substances that have accumulated in them over a long life, and are more often affected by mold and worms. That's why you can't eat old mushrooms.

Benefits of Flavored Treats

The myth that getting into the human gastrointestinal tract, mushrooms pass through it, being a useless, ballast product, has not been confirmed. In fact, high-quality edible mushrooms are useful for both adults and children.

Edible mushrooms have health benefits

In addition to water, their pulp contains useful nutrients. These are 22 amino acids, including essential ones. Carbohydrates - in the form of fiber, which is not digested. Fats, minerals and vitamins of groups A, D, B, C, PP.

And what about children: from what age can you eat mushrooms?

More protein, easily digestible fats, phosphorus and potassium, vitamins and organic acids are found in hats. This composition of the product favors its use by children. Enzymes accelerate the breakdown of nutrients, thereby saving energy in the gastrointestinal tract.

Mushrooms are introduced into the children's diet with caution.

Many foods have already been introduced into the diet of a one-year-old child, and parents have a question: can children have mushrooms? Especially if the family lives in a wooded area. Children's doctors agree that it is strictly forbidden to give this product to children under two years of age, due to the underdevelopment of the digestive tract.

During the third year of life, artificially grown crops that have passed state control - champignons and oyster mushrooms - are allowed in a small amount. Only hats are used, which are heavily crushed before cooking, subjected to the necessary heat treatment. From the age of five, dishes with a small amount of boiled champignons and oyster mushrooms are introduced with caution, but not more than twice a month.

By the age of seven, the child's gastrointestinal tract is formed, it is allowed to eat mushrooms, mushrooms, chanterelles. From the age of nine, children are given edible mushrooms in reasonable quantities, not forgetting about caution: salted, canned and fried, it is advisable not to give.

Abdominal pain is one of the symptoms of mushroom poisoning.

How many hours later do they arrive? Signs of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms will appear 20-30 minutes after eating, hours or days later. It depends on the fullness of the stomach, physical condition and age. Mushroom toxins in a full stomach linger for a long time, delaying the onset of symptoms, but aggravating the severity of the poisoned person's condition.

If signs of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms appear, you need to urgently begin to provide first aid. Mushroom poisoning in children occurs with more pronounced symptoms and often requires specialized medical intervention.

Mushroom poisoning: signs

Symptoms of poisoning are divided into three degrees of severity. A mild degree of poisoning occurs when using old, inedible, conditionally edible or improperly cooked mushrooms.

What are the signs of mild poisoning? The patient develops weakness, tolerable cutting pains in the abdomen, dizziness. This is due to chemical irritation of the gastric mucosa and the onset of damage to the central nervous system.

If first aid is not provided for poisoning, the described symptoms are accompanied by constriction of the pupils, salivation. Appear the urge to vomit, sweating, frequent bowel movements, the pain intensifies, is spastic in nature. These are symptoms of a moderate condition caused by eating a small amount of toxins.

The first signs of mushroom poisoning

In severe poisoning, the listed manifestations are accompanied by severe vomiting and diarrhea, which lead to dehydration of the body, excretion of minerals, which is manifested by a drop in blood pressure, convulsions, and impaired consciousness. The yellowness of the skin appears, due to liver damage.

The pain in the abdomen becomes unbearable due to spasm of the intestinal muscles. This means that poisonous mushrooms have entered the body. Some of them, even in small quantities, cause the described symptoms at lightning speed, and can cost the life of the poisoned person.

Prevention of mushroom poisoning

Going into the forest, collect only well-known, not spoiled, young individuals. Do not cut them near roads, near industrial plants, in landfills. When in doubt, it is better to abandon the find and not even pick it up. Do not buy in spontaneous markets, do not use dubious preservation, do not experiment with culinary recipes.

Mushroom poisoning: what to do?

Symptoms and treatment depend on the severity of the patient's condition. The first emergency aid for mushroom poisoning begins with the mechanical removal of poison that has entered the body: gastric lavage with artificial induction of vomiting. After the evacuation of food masses (to "clean water"), symptomatic treatment is indicated.

Those who are poisoned are given enterosorbents in the form of tablet preparations, gels, suspensions, powders in the doses indicated in the instructions. Drinking plenty of water enhances the elimination of toxins through the kidneys and sweat. Take warm boiled water, herbal teas without sugar. Juices, fruit drinks, coffee are prohibited. It is advisable not to eat on the first day.

What should be done before the arrival of the doctor?

With an increase in temperature due to the addition of a bacterial infection, the use of antipyretics and antibiotics is indicated. First aid for mushroom poisoning should be competent and timely. Perhaps the measures taken will be sufficient for recovery.

If primary care was provided in a timely manner, and the state of health worsened, vomiting and diarrhea appeared, do not continue to treat the patient yourself. Seek immediate medical attention. In the future, follow the instructions of the attending physician.

Severe poisoning with poisonous mushrooms requires emergency hospitalization in a specialized medical facility.

The accumulated knowledge contributes to the prevention of the development of poisoning. Remember how mushroom poisoning manifests itself, their signs, how long they occur. If unkind messengers appear, you need to know what to do in case of mushroom poisoning.

First aid should be directed to all symptoms of poisoning. So that children do not become hostages of forest delicacies, do not forget from how old you can introduce it into the child's diet.

Do not deny yourself the pleasure of going on a "silent hunt", but be careful with your finds!

Video

Check out the ten most poisonous mushrooms. The video will help you avoid danger in the future.

Edible mushrooms are a healthy protein product rich in vitamins, minerals, acids. Due to their high protein content, mushrooms can replace meat. They have excellent taste and smell. Many different dishes can be prepared from them, and mushroom pickers themselves like the process of picking mushrooms. But very often, poisonous and conditionally edible species come across along with edible species, which can be fatal, so knowing the signs and symptoms of mushroom poisoning is extremely important.

You can detect the initial stage in a few hours. The duration of the asymptomatic period depends on the type of fungus that was eaten, the weight of the person and age, the method of heat treatment and the fact of taking alcoholic beverages. Poisoned with a pale toadstool, you will feel initial ailments after 6-7 hours, and after eating a lepiot or cobweb, signs of poisoning will appear after 2-3 weeks.

When poisoning with mushrooms, there are main signs of general intoxication:

• Nausea and vomiting;
• Pain in the stomach;
• Frequent diarrhea;
• Weak pulse;
• Low pressure;
• Cold extremities.

In addition, when poisoning, some specific signs appear:

• Gas formation;
• Belching with a bitter taste;
• Clouding of consciousness;
• Cardiopalmus;
• Decreased amount of urine;
• Paleness of the skin;
• Visual impairment.

Intoxication of the body after the use of fly agaric, false mushrooms or a satanic mushroom leads to hallucinations, delirium and clouding of the mind.

In a patient who has eaten a pale toadstool, characteristic symptoms are distinguished: intense vomiting, with a frequency of up to 40 times in 24 hours. Blood is found in the feces, and it thickens, due to a violation of hemostasis. The patient begins convulsions and failure of the heart. The liver and kidneys cease to function in a normal state, which causes renal failure, which flows into a coma, leading to the death of the patient.

Poisonous are divided into several types:

Help with poisonous mushroom poisoning

It is extremely important to know how long. The first symptoms in some cases occur after 1.5−2 hours. Seek medical attention as soon as possible. It is necessary to help the patient before the arrival of doctors, and in case of their delay. This requires several steps:

1. Induce vomiting to stop the poisoning of the body.
2. When vomiting stops, wash out the stomach. It is mandatory to drink 2 liters of warm water, and then re-induce vomiting. Rinse the stomach until it is completely cleansed.
3. Drink a laxative or any vegetable oil. Take pills, not folk remedies, because the effect from them takes a long time to wait.
4. Drink sorbents: coal or enterosgel.
5. Drink up to 3.5 liters of water per day.
6. Put on a drip. This will help remove toxins and poisons from the body.

In any condition, a visit to the hospital is necessary. The doctor will be able to check the degree of intoxication of the body and prescribe treatment. It is also necessary to pass blood and urine tests, to do an ultrasound of the liver and digestive tract. In some cases, the patient is admitted to the hospital.

Edible mushroom poisoning

Such cases can also be detected when eating edible mushrooms. Having eaten a poisonous species, a person suffers from the entry of harmful toxic substances into the body. And in edible species, bacteria that have not evaporated during cooking are dangerous. Mushrooms, due to their porous structure, have the ability to accumulate harmful substances from the soil. The place of collection plays an important role. It is not recommended to collect them in contaminated areas.

Types of edible mushrooms that can be poisoned:

When picking mushrooms in the forest, remember the danger they pose. Never take a mushroom you don't know. - a complex and lengthy process, so try to avoid this and collect only being sure of the edibility of mushrooms.

Mushroom season is a time when you can not only collect a lot of mushrooms for a delicious dish, but also just walk through the forest and get some fresh air. But during such walks, you need to be extremely careful, because mushrooms are no less dangerous than animals that we are trying to avoid meeting with. In the absence of experience and knowledge, it is more likely to confuse edible mushrooms with poisonous ones, the use of which can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, it is important to understand the varieties and distinctive features of inedible species, as well as to know how long the symptoms of mushroom poisoning appear and how to prevent death.

What mushrooms are the most poisonous to humans?

Going for mushrooms, it is important to know which mushrooms can be collected and used for cooking, and which ones are better to bypass the tenth road. To do this, we propose to analyze several of the most dangerous species and find out which toxins pose an immediate threat.

• pale grebe is a mushroom that is considered one of the most poisonous in our territory. It contains substances that immediately penetrate the bloodstream and affect the internal organs, especially the liver. The chemical composition is mostly represented by toxins such as phalloidin, amanitin and falloin, which is the fastest acting of all of the above. The mushroom grows from August to the last autumn days, but it becomes most dangerous during a drought;
• toadstool, stink and panther fly agaric - species that grow from the end of the summer period to mid-autumn. They contain muscimol, muscazone, hyoscyamine and other substances in their composition, the strength of the poison of which, first of all, affects the nervous system;
• red fly agaric is a species that is known not only for its appearance, but also because of the presence of such a dangerous toxin as muscarine. Although it also contains other toxins, their proportions are so small that they rarely lead to death. However, the amount of poison is sufficient to cause in a person all the characteristic symptoms that appear with such intoxication;
• reddish and whitish - mushrooms that can be found in the northern forests, especially in the temperate zone from mid-July until the end of November. An interesting fact is that this mushroom also has such a toxic substance as muscarine, but unlike the red fly agaric, it contains much more in the talker. In case of poisoning, the main blow is taken by the nervous and cardiovascular systems, which are fully restored after recovery;
• twins of the white fungus, which cause severe gastrointestinal upset. They are represented by such two species as the bile and satanic fungus, the difference between which basically consists only in the fact that the second is more toxic and more often causes poisoning when consumed;
• lines, which in appearance are often confused with morels, which leads to intoxication. This mushroom is dangerous both raw and dried, and therefore its use for cooking is strictly prohibited.

In case of intoxication, it is important to respond in time and provide the victim with the necessary assistance, but sometimes this is not so easy to do. Due to the specific features of a particular type, sometimes there may be some problems in determining the cause of poor health, because the symptoms do not appear immediately. In order not to get into such a situation, you should study the picture of poisoning when using various poisonous mushrooms.

Signs of pale toadstool poisoning and the time of their appearance

The pale grebe is a gray or olive-colored mushroom that has a volva, which is located at the very bottom of the stem and serves as an important feature in order to distinguish it from similar edible species. According to external signs, the toadstool can be confused with greenfinches, russula.

The fungus is so toxic that eating 30-35 grams leads to death in children and severe intoxication in adults, who will need from 80 to 100 grams to be fatal.

In addition to the existing usual signs, such as vomiting, pain and cramps in the abdomen, dizziness, specific symptoms of poisoning can be considered:

1. a violation in the conduction of the optic nerve (the picture before the eyes becomes blurry, blurry);
2. urination is reduced to a minimum or not at all;
3. eyeballs and mouth become yellow;
4. pain in the right hypochondrium;
5. the extremities become cold and the pulse slows down.

Signs of mushroom poisoning, how long do they occur in this case? With intoxication, symptoms do not appear immediately, which greatly complicates the determination of the cause of poor health. The first signs appear after 38-40 hours with the onset of the second period, in which all the characteristic symptoms are fully manifested.

How long does it take to get poisoned by mushrooms - fly agaric?

Amanitas are mushrooms that can be represented in both red and white, depending on the species, and therefore it is easy to make a mistake when picking. A feature of the toadstool fly agaric is a white or yellow cap, as well as a shaggy leg, on which small hairs grow from bottom to top. The smelly fly agaric is distinguished by its specific smell and bare leg, which gives the mushroom an unattractive appearance.

Symptoms of poisoning appear 1-2 hours after ingestion, which helps to quickly determine the source of intoxication. They manifest themselves in such special signs:

• strong salivation;
• slow heartbeat and increased heart rate;
• the temperature does not rise, as with ordinary poisoning, but drops below 36.6;
• visual hallucinations, delusions;
• drowsiness and complete apathy, indifference to the outside world.

Symptoms and features of intoxication with talkers

Talkers are mushrooms that have a light concave hat and a thin stem. In addition, talkers also have cream or white spore powder. In case of poisoning, a special one is used - atropine, which weakens the symptoms with timely administration.

REMEMBER! The use of any drugs or the introduction of drugs should be carried out only according to a medical prescription, since self-medication can lead to the most unexpected consequences.

How long does it take for mushroom poisoning to show up? Signs of poisoning become noticeable within half an hour after the mushrooms have got inside, and are characterized by the following symptoms:

• copious discharge of tears and severe sweating;
• pressure drops, and breathing becomes intermittent;
• sharp jumps in the heart rate;
• the appearance of red spots on the skin of the face;
• constriction of the pupil to a minimum size;
• disorientation (loss in space).

With prompt first aid and proper treatment, poisoning rarely results in a fatal outcome. Moreover, after a week the human body is almost completely restored after intoxication.

Signs of mushroom poisoning, how long do they occur in other cases?

Mushroom twins are bitter in taste, and also have a specific smell. The leg of the gall mushroom is covered with a dark-colored mesh, and the satanic one is covered with a red pattern. You should not believe the sources that indicate that when cooked, the toxins of the twins evaporate, and the mushrooms themselves become safe for humans, because this is not so.

The first symptoms of intoxication appear after a few hours and are very similar to ordinary food poisoning. These mushrooms have unpredictable consequences that may appear a little later:

• sudden mood swings;
• visual hallucinations, visions;
• loss of self-control and strong arousal; increased aggressiveness;
• lethargic sleep, which can last up to 3 days).

The last, but no less dangerous type, are the lines, which contain a substance such as gyromitrin. The poisonous properties of this mushroom disappear only after 6 months of drying and long cooking. Poisoning can be detected both after a few hours and after a day, depending on the amount of mushrooms eaten and the dose of the resulting poison. Symptoms of such poisoning are most often disorders in blood clotting and damage to the cells of internal organs, especially the liver.

IMPORTANT! Do not think that the remedies offered on the Internet will help make mushrooms less poisonous or even safe, because they are not. Do not risk your health and life in vain!

What are the consequences of mushroom poisoning?

Many people are mistaken in thinking that poisonous mushroom poisoning will go away on its own, just like food poisoning. In order for some improvements to occur, it is not enough just to drink activated charcoal and rinse the stomach. Most often, specialized medical care is required.

The consequences of such intoxication can be very serious:

1. Pale grebe and some types of fly agaric cause death in 50-90% of cases;
2. With delayed or incorrect first aid, poisoning is fatal in 50-60% of cases;
3. In case of serious poisoning, cells are destroyed and internal organs cease to function. Particularly affected are the kidneys, organs of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver.

REMEMBER! The main reason for intoxication with poisonous mushrooms is the neglect of safety rules and the lack of special knowledge about the distinctive features of different species. Therefore, before going to the forest, you should familiarize yourself with such information.

By the way, one should always remember that timely provision of first aid and medical assistance is an additional guarantee that a person will not only avoid death, but also recover quickly.

Sometimes, even experienced mushroom pickers make mistakes, which leads to unpleasant and dangerous consequences, but we are not talking about amateurs at all. Therefore, in order to avoid the appearance of such negative factors, we suggest that you always follow these tips:

1. Take only those mushrooms whose names and properties are known to you. If even the slightest doubt arises, do not spare the collected mushrooms and throw away the entire batch.
2. Do not pick mushrooms that look old, friable, or wormy, as they can accumulate harmful substances that can make even edible species poisonous.
3. Do not taste raw mushrooms. Before use, they must be heat treated or simply dried.
4. Before collecting, look at each mushroom from the stem to the cap itself. Since poisonous mushrooms are often characterized by the presence of bright flowers, rings and volva, which is located near the ground itself and may be invisible in dense vegetation.
5. Go to the forest not with a bag, but with a wicker basket.
6. Gather only in places that are natural for the growth of a particular species (in forests). Never take mushrooms found near factories or businesses, near roads and highways, or in areas contaminated with radiation.
7. Do not store raw mushrooms for a long time.

By following these simple tips, you can minimize the risks of poisoning by poisonous mushrooms, as well as protect yourself from intoxication with edible species. Remember that it is up to you whether the foods you eat are safe!

People who are poorly versed in forest mushrooms risk poisoning themselves, their loved ones, and children with poisonous trophies. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately understand what the symptoms and signs of mushroom poisoning are, and to know how to provide first aid. To collect them, you need knowledge, experience in this matter.

Citizens attacking the forest with baskets by the thousands are potential suicides. Mushroom poisoning is the most dangerous among food intoxications. It may end in the death of the victim.

Mushrooms have the ability to accumulate harmful substances from soil and water. Sometimes, a completely edible specimen can harm the body. But there are certain species that are poisonous. And, before going into the forest with a basket, you need to know them "by sight". But, if poisoning has occurred, it is necessary to understand how to help the victim, what measures to take before the ambulance arrives. After all, poisoning manifests itself after a while, not immediately.

Varieties of poisonous mushrooms

More than 3 thousand mushrooms are known in the world, but only 12-13% of them are edible. Other species have a different degree of danger when they enter the human body. There are constantly poisonous ones, which are strictly forbidden to take in the forest.

Other varieties acquire properties unsuitable for human consumption under certain conditions - a raw food diet, incompatibility with alcohol, non-compliance with cooking technology, and so on. Each mushroom picker should know well what mushrooms can be poisoned.

The most dangerous mushrooms:

1. Toadstool pale (varieties - spring and white). This mushroom is similar in some cases to champignon or russula. But he has a distinctive external feature - a white frill under the hat. It does not have a characteristic mushroom smell. It is difficult to save a person who has tasted a small piece of toadstool. The poison amanitin, which causes severe damage, is not destroyed by heat treatment, it is stored dry and frozen.
2. All types of fibers, white talker, fly agaric contain muscarine, which causes damage to the central nervous system up to hallucinations. The well-known fly agaric has varieties. Not all fly agarics are red. And they have specks in the form of peas, plaques. The color of some specimens is gray, brick.
3. The cobweb is dangerous because the symptoms of poisoning appear 15-20 days after consumption.
4. No less dangerous representatives of the poisonous ones are pigs, false mushrooms, satanic and stinky mushrooms. False mushrooms, unlike edible namesakes, are more fragile and almost transparent.

Tips for mushroom pickers:

• Do not take forest gifts near highways and industrial enterprises.
• Mushrooms from a burnt forest must be soaked in water for a long time so that the combustion products leave the mushroom tissues.
• Do not collect in forests affected by chemical damage or agricultural pollination.
• Store forest trophies without processing - no more than 2 hours.
• Do not try raw.
• Processed milk mushrooms or champignons should be stored at a temperature not exceeding +3 °C.
• Do not salt in metal containers.
• The fungus must be twisted out of the mycelium without leaving a hemp.
• Do not take unfamiliar or old.
• For collection, use birch bark or willow baskets.
• The best collection time is August-September.

The most valuable in terms of taste and nutritional qualities are:

1. 1st place - white, milk mushrooms, mushrooms.
2. 2nd - boletus, butterdish, champignon.
3. 3rd - morel, chanterelle, honey agaric, oyster mushrooms, valui.

Many edible mushrooms grow in deciduous and coniferous forests. Some of them are better known to mushroom pickers, others are found only in certain regions.

Signs of defeat by mushroom poisons

The first signs of mushroom poisoning may not be felt immediately. The time of their manifestation varies depending on the variety of hatters, quantity, type of preparation, combination with certain products, on the state of health and immunity of a person, his age and size.

The most toxic poison of the pale toadstool makes itself felt in the time interval from 30 minutes to 6 hours. It is impossible to immediately determine that mushroom soup or salad became the culprit of the ailment. The initial symptoms and signs of mushroom poisoning are similar to common food poisoning:

• diarrhea;
• urge to vomit;
• severe throbbing pain in the head;
• loss of appetite;
• stomach and intestinal cramps.

But there are special features that make it impossible to confuse simple poisoning with stale food from dangerous intoxication with mushroom poisons:

1. Pale grebe - incessant loose stools with blood, muscle pain and spasms, vomiting of a dark, almost black color, suffocation. The heart experiences malfunctions, the kidneys and liver fail, the person falls into a coma.
2. Fly agaric - profuse salivation, tearing, sweating, shortness of breath, pressure drops, heartbeat stops, delirium, visions. Another type of fly agaric causes peeling of the skin, dryness in the nose and mouth, rapid heartbeat, dilated pupil. A lethal outcome is possible in 3% of cases when a large amount of poison enters the body.
3. Lines - the liver and spleen increase, red blood cells die, convulsions, unconsciousness.

In children, the reaction to toxins manifests itself more sharply and quickly. Poisoning often ends tragically. Such conditions are dangerous for pregnant women. Poisons cross the placenta and poison the fetus. A miscarriage may occur. Even if serious consequences can be avoided, dehydration of the expectant mother's body will have a dangerous effect on the child - there will be a loss of minerals, trace elements and vitamins.

The danger of severe consequences increases if poisoning occurs with several poisons at the same time. It becomes almost impossible to save such a victim. Moreover, with the collective use of inedible dishes, everyone reacts to the action of toxins in different ways. How long does mushroom poisoning take? In some people, the symptoms appear immediately, in others - with a delay of several days.

First aid for intoxication

What to do in case of mushroom poisoning in the presence of the symptoms described above? The life of the victim depends on the correct primary actions of others. Therefore, you need to know exactly what to do urgently in such a case, while emergency doctors are on their way.

It is necessary to leave for presentation to doctors and to the laboratory the type of product due to which the poisoning occurred. This will determine the type of toxin and prescribe the correct treatment.

In the meantime, the following assistance should be provided:

• Make gastric lavage as soon as possible. For this patient, it is necessary to drink plenty of water and induce vomiting. This procedure must be repeated several times. To vomit, press down on the root of the person's tongue with the back of a spoon. During pregnancy, do not induce vomiting.
• You can speed up bowel cleansing with laxatives or taking 1 tbsp. or 1 teaspoon of castor oil or vegetable oil.
• After washing the stomach, the victim should take pharmacy coal or any sorbent. It will begin to collect the poisonous substance in the stomach and intestines.
• Drink a lot of mineral water or strong tea.
• Put the patient to bed, warm and wrap the legs. This is necessary to activate blood circulation.

These measures will be sufficient until the arrival of medical workers. Providing first aid for mushroom poisoning plays a decisive role in saving the victim. A person's life depends on how timely and qualified it is provided.

When treatment is carried out at home, fixing drugs, antiemetic drugs, analgesics, drinks containing alcohol should not be used.

Treatment in the hospital

Patients in serious condition are admitted to the toxicology department. Inpatient treatment for mushroom poisoning is carried out in 2 stages:

1. Removal of poison.
2. Eliminate the consequences of his actions.

Initial stage. In the first hours, the stomach is intensively cleansed with a stream of water through a probe, the intestines are released with laxative solutions and enemas. Prescribe a diuretic. The blood is cleansed of toxic toxins by being filtered through sorbents. After some time, antidotes should be taken after poisoning with individual poisons.

The second stage is the maintenance of the cardiovascular system, the treatment of kidneys and liver, the appointment of rehabilitation therapy.

Precautionary measures

Mushroom dishes are traditional for Russian cuisine. Always in Rus' they salted milk mushrooms in barrels, pickled mushrooms, dried and fried champignons and whites. How not to get poisoned by mushrooms? Knowledge of species and adherence to the technology of harvesting delicacies will save you from trouble.

Here are a few rules of prevention that must be strictly observed:

• Take only known species. Do not be greedy, throw away old overgrown or wormy hats and legs. An unknown specimen should not even be near edible mushrooms for a short time.
• Thoroughly clean and wash the forest trophy. Do not try raw even russula!
• When collecting, carefully examine each specimen - all its tissues must be healthy and fresh.
• It is necessary to put the crop in a basket of twigs, and not in a plastic bag or bucket.
• Collect mushrooms in ecologically clean areas, away from industrial areas.
• Process immediately, any mushrooms should be boiled for 40 minutes, and pour the broth.
• Follow the child in the forest so that he does not try a beautiful mushroom or unfamiliar berries. The order and prohibition of an adult in the forest is the law.

Video: mushroom poisoning - symptoms and first aid.

Why are mushroom poisoning dangerous?

Strong poisons can take the life of a person. How to prevent poisonous mushroom poisoning? If in the first hours and minutes you do not start to fight them, then in 50% of cases, poisoning with a govorushka or a pale toadstool causes death. If a large amount of a poisonous substance enters the body, the work of the liver and kidneys will atrophy. Death is coming.

How to avoid mushroom poisoning? The main reason is ignorance about the types of edible mushrooms, ignorance of what they look like. The collected hatters, even if they are all edible, the housewives cook incorrectly, skip the boiling stage.

But during the primary heat treatment, toxins from the dirty external environment die. Do not neglect safety precautions, carelessness can lead to death. In 2-3 days, irreversible changes occur in the body, incompatible with life.

The gall fungus has a dangerous poison. Symptoms of poisoning them are similar to the action of pale grebe. These are severe pains in the intestines and stomach, indomitable diarrhea and vomiting, muscle cramps, dizziness.

The difficulty of diagnosing is associated with a long period of calm. Only on the third day there is a strong heartbeat, the temperature rises, the head hurts a lot. Late diagnosis often leads to the irreversibility of pathological processes.

Mushroom poisoning is considered one of the most dangerous food poisoning. The use of low-quality or poisonous mushrooms in food can cause serious consequences and even death. Everyone who regularly regales on the gifts of the forest should know what to do in case of mushroom poisoning.

Symptoms of mushroom poisoning

If mushroom poisoning occurs, the symptoms of intoxication depend on what caused it:

• product toxicity caused by the presence of a mycotoxin or toxin in the structure;
• storage in a raw, unprocessed form, over a long period;
• long-term storage of cooked or canned mushroom dishes;
• eating specimens affected by worms, flies and other pests;
• accumulation in the composition of toxic substances from the soil (for example, heavy metals);
• combination of some varieties with alcohol.

Signs of mushroom poisoning are sometimes observed after eating edible mushrooms, but in large quantities. They are indigestible foods. The accumulation of a significant amount of such food in the gastrointestinal tract can also cause mushroom poisoning.

Like other food poisonings, mushroom poisoning is accompanied by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and general weakness. There are also specific symptoms of poisoning:

1. On the part of the digestive tract - sharp, spasmodic pain in the epigastrium. Nausea begins, turning into non-stop vomiting. The chair becomes frequent and liquid, its frequency exceeds 15-20 times a day. If it happens, vomit and feces become like coffee grounds due to the admixture of blood.
2. From the side of the central nervous system - various disorders, depending on the characteristics of a particular toxin. There may be coordination disorders, visual and auditory hallucinations, delirium, lethargy, and excessive anxiety. Often, after an acute period, the patient becomes lethargic and passes into an unconscious state.
3. From the liver and kidneys. The symptoms are due to the destructive action of the poison. There may be a decrease in the amount of urine produced, yellowing of the skin, an increase in the liver in size. With a severe degree of intoxication, renal and hepatic failure develops, turning into a coma.
4. From the side of the cardiovascular system. Poisoning leads to heart rhythm disturbances, an increase in heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure.

The toxicity of fungi depends not only on their type, but also on the place of growth. They absorb harmful substances contained in the soil. For this reason, even completely edible milk mushrooms or butter mushrooms grown in an ecologically polluted area can cause poisoning.

Incubation period

If mushroom poisoning occurs, how many symptoms appear depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. The type of active toxin is also important: some of them accumulate in the body and do not manifest themselves immediately. For example, dung beetle can cause severe intoxication when combined with alcohol, even if the interval between their use is 1-2 days.

The average incubation period is 1-2 hours after consumption. In rare cases, there is an extremely rapid onset of symptoms of poisoning (after 30 minutes) or vice versa, protracted (up to 2 weeks). Because of this, it is sometimes quite difficult to understand the reason for the deterioration of well-being.

First aid for poisoning: an algorithm of actions

When the first symptoms of mushroom poisoning appear, you need to call a doctor. Even if you are not sure of the reason for the deterioration in well-being, the presence of mushrooms in recently eaten dishes is a reason to call emergency help. Pre-medical measures at home should be carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. Rinse the victim's stomach. Make him drink plenty of water with potassium permanganate added, and then induce vomiting by pressing your fingers on the root of the tongue. Repeat several times until the vomit is completely clear. Vomiting should not be induced if the victim is unconscious, or a small child has been poisoned - the risk of asphyxia is high.
2. Force the victim to take an enterosorbent. Any means from a home first-aid kit will do, but it is better to use modern drugs - Enterosgel, Polysorb MP, Laktofiltrum-STI, Smektu. Tableted forms of sorbents are best crushed and diluted in a small amount of water - so they will begin to act already in the stomach.
3. In the absence of diarrhea, give the victim a laxative or give an enema to cleanse the intestines.
4. Regularly give the patient clean water to drink. This will help speed up the elimination of toxins and replenish the fluids used up due to vomiting and diarrhea.
5. Wrap the victim in a blanket. This will help prevent circulatory disorders, especially in the lower extremities.

The victim should not be left unattended until the arrival of a doctor. Constantly monitor his condition, be ready to provide emergency assistance - artificial respiration, chest compressions.

By the time the doctor arrives, it is advisable to prepare information about the type and amount of mushrooms consumed by the patient. You can use the leftovers of the eaten dish for laboratory analysis. This will determine the specifics of the active toxin and prescribe the correct therapy.

Hospital treatment

Mushroom poisoning requires hospitalization of the patient in the clinic and long-term treatment in a hospital. The therapy is based on the following principles:

• washing the stomach and intestines with a special probe;
• the use of specific antidotes and antidotes;
• forced diuresis;
• exchange transfusion;
• hemodialysis and hemosorption;
• normalization of liver and kidney functions;
• increasing blood pressure to a safe level with the help of norepinephrine and metazone;
• normalization of respiratory activity with the help of atropine;
• restoration of the work of the heart, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract.

Be sure to take measures to prevent dehydration and restore electrolyte balance. To do this, use isotonic sodium chloride solution or Ringer's solution.

The duration of therapy depends on the severity of mushroom poisoning. In mild cases, it takes several days, in severe cases - up to six months. Some effects of intoxication may be irreversible and remain for life.

TOP 5 most dangerous mushrooms

Some types of mushrooms are deadly poisonous - they are fatal if even a small amount of mushrooms is eaten. But these types of poisonings most often cause the death of adults and children.

Death cap

The lethality of poisoning is from 35 to 95%. Outwardly, the mushroom is easily confused with champignons, satanic mushroom or russula. Only 30 mg of poison contained in the pale grebe is enough to kill an adult; half the dose is enough for a child. It is not destroyed by temperature or chemical additives - salted, pickled, fried mushrooms can also lead to intoxication.

A typical feature of this type of poisoning is a long incubation period (up to 18 hours). After this time, a severe headache and vomiting develop simultaneously. The cramps in the abdomen become unbearable; visual disturbances are observed. The victim feels signs of dehydration of the body - weakness, muscle cramps. Urine production decreases and then stops completely. The skin becomes bluish, there is a drop in body temperature to the level of 35-36 degrees.

This state may last for several days. By day 2-3, the reaction from the digestive tract becomes less pronounced, but the signs of liver and kidney failure increase. If you do not start treatment before this point, further actions are practically useless.

fly agaric

The appearance of this poisonous mushroom is known to everyone: it cannot be confused with either the porcini mushroom, or with mushrooms, or with chanterelles. However, the cases are not all that rare. It is eaten out of curiosity, to obtain a narcotic effect and as a means of traditional medicine. Depending on the type of fly agaric, the poisoning effect will be caused by muscarine, mycoatropine or fly poison.

0.5–6 hours after eating the mushroom, abdominal pain of moderate intensity begins. The pupils constrict, there is profuse sweat, nausea and vomiting. Severe forms of poisoning are accompanied by characteristic signs of CNS damage:

• feeling of constriction of the throat;
• panic;
• confusion of consciousness;
• delirium;
• visual and auditory hallucinations.

Gradually, these symptoms are smoothed out, giving way to euphoria, reminiscent of alcohol intoxication. Convulsions, delirium and fits of rabies may begin, as well as other manifestations resembling belladonna poisoning.

The lethality of fly agaric poisoning is 6–12%. At risk are small children, elderly patients, women during pregnancy.

Contains heat-resistant highly toxic poison orellanin. Mountain cobweb poisoning is rare, but is characterized by extremely high mortality. The reason is that the symptoms of poisoning may take several weeks to appear.

Intoxication causes intense thirst, headache, feeling of coldness in the extremities. Death occurs due to irreversible kidney damage.

These mushrooms have an unusual appearance: their hat is wavy-lobed, reminiscent of the convolutions of the brain or walnut kernels. Visually, the lines are often confused with morels, which causes poisoning.

The lines contain from 0.2 to 0.4% gelvellic acid, which has hemolytic properties. It leads to disruption of the hematopoietic organs, causing severe systemic disorders.

6-10 hours after eating the lines, the state of health suddenly worsens: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe headache develop. Then there is jaundice. The liver increases in size and becomes painful on palpation.

The defeat of the hematopoietic organs leads to the destruction of about a fifth of all red blood cells. A poisoned person develops hemoglobinuria, anemia; urine turns red-brown. On the 3-4th day after the incident, death occurs from the phenomena of cardiovascular insufficiency.

The lethality of line poisoning is up to 30%. Most often, children die.

Mushrooms with burning milky juice

• false mushrooms;
• pigs;
• waves;
• nigella;
• russula.

All of them contain a burning milky juice, which leads to severe gastrointestinal upset. After 1-6 hours, the victim experiences nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, spasms in the epigastric region, and severe weakness. Symptoms can be 1-2 days, then, with proper treatment, recovery occurs.

Ways to recover from intoxication

To speed up recovery, the patient is advised to follow a diet. It includes only light foods - lean cereals, unsweetened crackers, boiled vegetables. You can eat baked fruits, lean meats and fish. Meals should be fractional and frequent.

Rice broth or boiled rice will help speed up the recovery of the digestive system. It acts on the principle of a natural sorbent, absorbing some of the poisons. Bran (fiber) has similar properties. You can add them to salads and homemade cakes.

The effects of poisoning can be felt for a long time. It is much easier to follow preventive measures when collecting and eating mushrooms than to treat possible complications.