Dangerous skin diseases. Types of skin infections, diagnosis and treatment
Treatment of dermatological diseases is a sure way to a full recovery. For treatment, not only medications can be used, but also various natural remedies that help to recover faster and go through a rehabilitation course. Moreover, in the case of a natural physiological effect, the patient does not run the risk of complications or undesirable effects. The Skin Treatment section contains everything you need to know about dermatological diseases.! Descriptions of common skin diseases, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment! In each article of the section you will find useful recommendations from experts, as well as informative photo and video materials.
On a note! Skin diseases are distinguished by the fact that they also bring moral suffering to the patient, as they have external manifestations. But the good news is that almost all of them can be successfully treated!
The process of treating such pathologies is conditionally divided into a certain number of stages, although much here depends on the nature of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient. Dermatologists successfully use not only classical, but also modern methods of treatment. These include cryotherapy, homeopathy, UV blood irradiation and herbal medicine, which, in tandem with medications aimed at maintaining the functionality of the pancreas, kidneys and liver, gives really good results. In this case, special attention in any case should be given to the state of the immune system.
Various creams, ointments and other external agents, as well as alternative methods for the treatment of skin diseases, can only be considered an addition to the main therapy. After all, the state of internal organs, as well as the normalization of their activities, is more important.
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Among the most common folk remedies for the treatment of skin diseases are baths with medicinal plants, lotions with silver water, bath procedures, sauna visits and thalassotherapy. But before practicing folk methods of skin treatment, you need to consult a dermatologist who will help you choose non-drug remedies in accordance with.
Treatment of lichen and fungal skin diseases with folk remedies
There is a very large number of skin diseases. Not only adults suffer, but also children, even newborns. To a greater extent, this is due to malnutrition, condition, neuropsychic state, as well as ecology. Often the cause of allergic skin rashes and itching is the intake, consumption of foods with a high content of allergens. Therefore, many people are trying to find such treatments to protect themselves from unnecessary complications. The following methods of alternative treatment of skin diseases will help alleviate the condition with allergies, relieve itching and skin irritation, which are very exhausting, worsening the general condition. Tips are also given that can be used in the treatment of skin that is disturbed due to or.
How to treat skin diseases with folk remedies without resorting to pharmacological preparations? Red dry lichen can be cured by pouring hot water over it 2 times a day for 3 minutes. It is noted that after 3 days there is a noticeable improvement, and after 2 weeks it disappears completely.
And what folk remedies will help with fungal diseases of the skin and? Fungal skin lesions and furunculosis are treated with silver water. To do this, add 20-25 mg of silver to 1 liter of water and heat it up. Lotions are either applied to damaged areas of the skin, or they are washed with water.
Treatment of skin allergies and dermatitis with folk remedies at home
Allergy happens not only to food, but also to plant pollen, so it often occurs in May and summer. She runs hard: the nose swells, constantly flows from it, the eyes are watery. And all this endlessly itches. To alleviate the condition with allergies, it is recommended to gargle with plain water or water with the addition of soothing herbal infusions (you can use motherwort and valerian) in a small concentration. An allergic reaction helps to remove a shared shower. Every time you return from the street, it is useful to take it for a few minutes.
Baths in the treatment of skin allergies with folk remedies play a very important role as one of the simplest and most affordable, but highly effective auxiliary methods.
How to treat itchy skin at home if it is allergic in nature? In case of allergic diseases, manifested by a rash on the entire surface of the skin and itching, it is useful to take a bath with a string - an infusion of string grass is poured into water at a temperature of 36 ° C. Infusion of the same herb can be taken orally.
Recipe 1
Required. 200-250 g of grass of a series of tripartite, 1.5 liters of water.
Cooking. Grind vegetable raw materials, pour boiling water, leave for 40 minutes, strain.
Application. Pour the infusion into a bath of water. Take a bath in the treatment of skin dermatitis with folk remedies for 10-15 minutes.
Recipe 2
Required. 20 g of herb tripartite succession, 500 ml of water.
Cooking. To treat skin diseases with this folk remedy, pour boiling water over the grass and leave for 40 minutes, strain.
Application. Drink in the morning and evening 1 tablespoon before meals.
How else to relieve skin itching, and what folk remedies will help in the treatment of allergies with rashes on the body? In this case, a bath with currant leaves and sprigs is useful.
Recipe 3
Required. 300 g fresh or 150 g dry blackcurrant leaves and twigs, 3 liters of boiling water.
Cooking. Pour boiling water over vegetable raw materials and infuse for 1.5-2 hours.
Application. In the folk treatment of itchy skin, the infusion should be poured into warm water and taken in a bath for 8-10 minutes. This time will be enough to nourish the skin C and P, micro and.
Folk remedies for skin diseases: baths for allergies
With skin diseases, chamomile baths with hops are indicated for the treatment of allergic dermatitis. They have an anti-inflammatory effect, improve skin resistance to infection, and also stimulate the formation of new cells during skin inflammation.
Aromatic baths are indicated for folk treatment of skin allergies, chronic, infiltrative psoriasis. The same baths are recommended for folk treatment of skin atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, diffuse neurodermatitis and other dermatoses without the acute stage. They are useful not only for the skin, but also for the whole body. Using this folk remedy for skin allergies, one or more plants collected in the mountains, meadows and glades, in the forest are selected for aromatic baths. In this case, the bouquet can consist not only of flowers and grass (such as wormwood, mint, oregano, thyme, sage, chamomile, yarrow, calendula, etc.), but also of young shoots or twigs, tree buds, such as birch, oak , alder, pine, maple, etc.
If a plant causes pleasant sensations in a person, then it will certainly have a beneficial effect on the whole body if it is brewed, insisted and added to bath water.
Below is a recipe for how to relieve skin itching at home using these baths:
Required. 150-200 g of collection of any fragrant plants, 1 liter of boiling water.
Cooking. Pour the crushed vegetable raw materials with boiling water and infuse for half an hour. Pour the filtered infusion (or together with the herb) into a warm bath.
Application. Take a bath for 15 minutes. The course of treatment - 10-15 baths, carried out every other day.
Mustard baths as a way to treat itching with folk remedies are indicated for scleroderma, palmar-plantar psoriasis, trophic ulcers of the lower leg. They provide a pronounced expansion of the peripheral, which is manifested by reddening of the skin. At the same time, there is a decrease in blood pressure, as well as a decrease in nervous excitability.
Recipe
Required. 100-200 g of dry mustard powder for a general bath or 10-15 g for a local one.
Cooking. Dissolve mustard powder in a bowl of warm water (38-40°C) to the consistency of liquid sour cream. Pour the mixture into a bath with water at a temperature of 36-38 ° C and stir well.
Application. Take a bath for 10-15 minutes. After the bath, rinse with warm water, and then lie down in a warm bed for 1-1.5 hours. The course of treatment is 8-10 procedures performed every other day.
Contraindications to the use of this folk method of treating skin diseases are seizures, individual intolerance, feverish conditions, etc.
How to treat itchy skin at home with folk remedies
Another effective folk remedy for skin diseases is baths with a decoction of flaxseed. They have been popular for a very long time. The medicinal value of this annual plant is explained by the high content of mucus-forming substances, carbohydrates and organic acids in it. The mucous decoction of this folk remedy for skin itching has an excellent enveloping and anti-inflammatory effect. Flaxseed baths are indicated for itching, eczema, neurodermatitis.
Recipe
Required. 250 g flaxseed, 5 liters of warm water.
Cooking. Cover the seeds with water and bring to a boil. Then filter the broth through a cloth and add to a bath of water at a temperature of 37-38 ° C.
Application. Take a bath for no more than 20 minutes. The course of treatment is 8-10 baths every other day.
Nut baths are another folk remedy for skin itching of the body in the treatment of chronic diseases with a subacute course, for the prevention of chronic dermatoses. They are also recommended in the treatment of subacute and chronic eczema, psoriasis, furunculosis.
Recipe
Required. 400 g of walnut shells and leaves, 1.5 liters of water.
Cooking. Pour boiling water over vegetable raw materials and leave for 30-40 minutes. Strain and pour into a bath of water at a temperature of 37-38 ° C.
Application. Take a bath to treat itchy skin at home for no more than 25 minutes. The course of treatment is 8-10 baths every other day.
Treatment of skin fungus with traditional medicine: tar baths
Recipe
Required. 100 ml of tar, 75 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol, water.
Cooking. Mix the ingredients with vigorous shaking, pour in a thin stream into a warm bath (36-38 ° C).
Application. Take a bath for 15-30 minutes. The course of treatment is 8-10 baths every other day.
In especially severe cases, before taking a bath, you can lubricate the affected areas of the skin with clean tar. After it, wash off the tar from the skin with green soap.
Contraindications. Individual intolerance.
When treating skin dermatitis at home, with limited forms of eczema or neurodermatitis, a bath with an infusion of birch leaves can also help.
Recipe
Required. 2 tablespoons fresh or 4 tablespoons dry birch leaves, 200 ml boiling water.
Cooking. Leaves pour boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Cool the infusion to 37 ° C and filter through gauze, pour into warm water.
Application. Do local baths or take general baths for 10-15 minutes. The course of treatment is 10-15 procedures every other day.
How and how to relieve skin itching: home treatment with folk remedies
An excellent folk remedy for the treatment of skin diseases such as itching, pruritus, chronic eczema and dermatosis are oak baths. Their healing effect is determined by the astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-septic properties of this plant.
Recipe
Required. From 250 g to 1 kg of common oak bark, 1.5-6 liters of water.
Cooking. For folk treatment of skin itching, the bark should be poured with hot water, heated, followed by boiling for 5 minutes, filtered and added to a bath with a water temperature of 36-38 ° C.
Application. Take general and local baths for 15-20 minutes. The course of treatment is 8-10 baths every other day.
Another effective folk remedy for treating itchy skin is starch baths. They have an emollient, enveloping and anti-inflammatory effect and are indicated for those suffering from itchy dermatoses.
Recipe
Required. 200-300 g potato starch, 2-3 liters of water.
Cooking. Starch mixed with water until the formation of "milk" and pour into a bath of warm water.
Application. Take local and general baths for 10-15 minutes. After the procedure, you can not wash yourself with clean water or take a shower. The course of treatment is 6-10 baths every other day.
Also, in the treatment of skin diseases at home, baths with juniper berries are recommended. They are indicated for microbial eczema, neurodermatitis, psoriasis and chronic dermatoses. The beneficial effect of such baths is provided by the anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, diuretic properties of the fruits of the plant. They contain essential oil, phytoncides, organic acids, pigments and others.
Recipe
Required. 200 g of common juniper berries, 1 liter of warm water.
Cooking. Berries pour water and boil for 5 minutes. Strain the broth and add to a bath with a water temperature of 37-38 ° C.
Application. Take a bath for no more than 20 minutes. The course of treatment - 10 baths every other day.
Treatment of itchy skin with folk remedies in the bath and sauna
In folk medicine, in the treatment of many skin diseases, a bath was also used, in which high temperature, high humidity, water and medicinal plants are successfully combined. The baths treated and continue to treat chronic eczema without the acute stage, atopic neurodermatitis, and pruritus, essential and neurogenic itching, urticaria, all forms of psoriasis without the acute stage, parapsoriasis, lichen planus, limited forms of scleroderma, acrodermatitis, ichthyosis, dermatitis without the acute stage , chronic furunculosis without suppuration, acne conglobata.
Scientific medicine has proven that it has a positive effect on neurohumoral (from Greek neuron - “nerve”, from Latin humor - “fluid”) mechanisms of pathological processes throughout the body, including on the skin. It contributes to both neutralization and acceleration of the removal of harmful microflora, its waste products, toxins, allergenic compounds that accumulate inside the body and on the surface of the skin; improves the regeneration of the epidermis - the upper, or outer, layer of the skin. But at the same time, people suffering from microbial, mycotic, dyshidrotic, paratraumatic and seborrheic eczema are not recommended to visit the bath during the acute period, since temperature differences and high humidity can lead to complications in the course of the disease. Outside the acute stage, people suffering from these diseases are shown such water procedures, but in the absence of a rough effect on the skin - whipping with a broom, a strong shower and massage. In all other cases, in the absence of contraindications from other organs and systems, a bath, sauna, steam room are the best helpers in the treatment of skin diseases, both in adults and in children over two years old.
Do not forget that such folk remedies for skin diseases, like medicinal plants in a bath, only improve the therapeutic effect. It is in the bath, when the pores expand, blood circulation in the skin is accelerated, active nutrition of the skin, as well as internal organs and systems, occurs due to the supply of blood enriched with biologically active substances of plants to them. Such folk remedies for skin treatment include, first of all, birch, licorice, white willow, oak, black currant, knotweed (knotweed), creeping thyme, horsetail, dandelion, plantain, mint, burdock, juniper, valerian, oregano and many other. Medicinal plants recommended for folk skin treatment have anti-allergic, antipruritic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, normalizing effects. In the bath, infusions of medicinal plants are very easy to prepare, as flowers, leaves and twigs are steamed very quickly. Infusions in the bath are used both for local baths and for inhalations, when the infusion, diluted with water, is poured onto stones. For baths, it is recommended to add infusions in a ratio of 1:5 or 1:10, so as not to overload the skin with active substances. If your doctor doesn't mind taking a steam bath with a broom, then try making a broom yourself by mixing birch or oak branches with any of the above herbs or several of them. You also need to steam such a broom according to the rules: first, hold it for 5 minutes in cold water, and then put it in boiling water for 10 minutes. After that, the broom will be ready to give your skin all the most useful that it contains.
Traditional methods of skin treatment with sea water
Also, traditional medicine recommends thalassotherapy for skin treatment - healing with sea water. Many patients suffering from chronic skin diseases try to regularly travel to the Black Sea coast or the Dead Sea. People from all over the world come here suffering from a wide variety of diseases, including skin diseases. The water of these seas actually has healing properties, since the salts contain macro- and microelements that have a beneficial effect on the skin, nervous system, circulatory system and internal organs. The beneficial effects of the sun, air, wind and sea water are the best helpers in the fight against skin diseases. Those who do not have the opportunity to visit seaside resorts should not despair.
A bath at home is, of course, not the sea. But you can pour sea salt bought at a pharmacy into the water, charge the water with positive energy, add an infusion of fragrant herbs to it and enjoy the procedure in solitude, which will also never be superfluous if you want to relax and calm down. This is important, since very often one of the causes of skin diseases is nervous overwork.
As a prevention of exacerbations of skin diseases, the use of water procedures is indicated. In addition to hygienic benefits, they contribute to relaxation, relieving the feeling of fatigue not only from physical and mental stress, but also psychological fatigue, which is increasingly observed among residents of megacities.
This, of course, is not a complete list of water procedures indicated for various diseases of organs and systems. But this is quite enough so that a person does not despair and fights his ailments not only with the help of medications, but also with the help of water, not forgetting that the use of water is one of the most important preventive measures that prevent almost all diseases known to medicine. .
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Currently, skin diseases are considered as a symptomatic complex indicating problems with internal organs. Most often, skin diseases on the body are manifested in dysbacteriosis, pathologies of the liver, intestines, thyroid and pancreas. Skin diseases are considered from the position that the epidermis is primarily an organ of the immune system.
It takes on the primary impact of external pathogenic factors: dirt, pathogens, cold, heat, aggressive environments, etc. Any skin diseases on the human body have a set of pathogenetic causes, the timely elimination of which determines the success of therapy. In this regard, the diagnosis of skin diseases includes tests of urine, blood and feces, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, and the study of hepatic transaminases. Thus, the causes of skin diseases are identified for their further relief and complex therapy for the external manifestations of dermatosis.
Skin affected by dermatosis may appear at different stages of the disease as covered with rashes or scabs, pustules or blackheads, vesicles and pustules.
Varieties of common skin diseases
The social significance of skin diseases is great, since skin diseases are very common. Skin manifestations are accompanied by many internal diseases. Common skin diseases that are not associated with lesions of internal organs and systems often prevent the ability to play sports, sometimes limit communication, deprive an individual of the opportunity to work or perform some kind of social role.
Varieties of skin diseases of any etiology are usually called the general term "dermatoses". Thus, skin and skin diseases are currently considered from the point of view of their relationship with the functioning of internal organs and the whole organism as a whole. Therefore, the main varieties of dermatoses are divided according to the gradation of the influence of external and internal factors. So, hepatic itching, psoriasis, as an effect of liver damage, eczema against the background of allergic alertness, and a number of other serious pathologies are distinguished. You can read more about the types of dermatoses on this page.
In the meantime, look at the skin diseases in the photo, which shows their symptoms:
Classification and causes of major skin diseases
The simplest classification of skin diseases - dermatoses - is their division according to the type of etiological factors into endogenous and exogenous.
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External and internal causes of skin diseases in modern man |
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External (exogenous) |
Internal (endogenous) |
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Mechanical (injuries, wounds, bruises, abrasions, cuts, etc.); physical (heat and cold, radiant radiation, electric current); chemical (acids, alkalis, many others); Hereditary factors, genetic disorders (ichthyosis, psoriasis, many others); allergic predisposition; immune system disorders; endocrinopathy (hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, etc.); functional changes in the nervous system and endocrine glands (stress; puberty, pregnancy, menopause); |
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foci of chronic infection (development of autoallergy; exacerbation of chronic dermatoses); diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (liver disease, colitis, gastritis); changes in the vascular system (state of capillaries, arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels); diseases of the hematopoietic organs (T-lymphoma, coagulation system, thrombocytopenia, etc.); malignant neoplasms (metastasis to the skin); diseases of the genitourinary system (adenomas, uremia, etc.) |
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There is no generally accepted classification of dermatoses. There are various approaches to the division of skin diseases into types: according to clinical signs, according to histological characteristics and pathohistological changes. The main skin diseases include all pathogenic changes in the layers of the epidermis with the addition or non-attachment of a secondary infection.
The epidermis is hyperemic with a dotted red rash. If left untreated at this stage, further transformation occurs. Fluid bubbles appear. They open and form pustules with a wound eroded surface. Bacterial seeding easily occurs on it and the development of the next stage begins - suppuration.
What are skin diseases in adults: symptoms
Skin diseases in adults are referred to as dermatoses, which are used as collective terms for various congenital and acquired pathological skin changes of various origins, include over 2300 items in the ICD10. You can find out more about skin diseases on this page further. Common types of skin diseases are presented, they are accompanied by brief characteristics.
Chronic skin diseases can be divided simply into two large groups according to the etiopathogenetic principle:
- Congenital diseases of the skin- changes in the fetus during pregnancy under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors in metabolic disorders, tuberculosis, diabetes, various infections in a pregnant woman. In this group - almost all epithelial pathology, which is defined by dermatologists as the word "atopy", all constitutional changes, parasyphilis;
- Acquired chronic dermatoses arising under the influence of conditions of life, life, work, ecology.
It is possible to distinguish among them such groups of dermatoses as:
- allergic dermatoses(i.e. associated with a perverted immune response of the body),
- connective tissue diseases(damage to collagen fibers in scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, periarteritis nodosa, pathology of elastic fibers in leiomyomas, changes in the level of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes in some erythema),
- bullous or blistering dermatoses(autoimmune diseases in essence, i.e. associated with a violation of the control of the immune system over the recognition of one's own and someone else's for the body, when autoantibodies appear against altered cells of the body itself, often altered under the influence of prolonged exposure of microbes to foci of chronic infections; microbe + cell protein complex leads to the appearance of autoantibodies).
- dermatoses in endocrinopathies(amyloidosis, lipoid necrobiosis, retinopathy, angiopathy, alopecia and diseases of the hair, skin glands, acne);
- d ermatoses associated with psychopathy and neuropsychic pathologies (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema), etc.
Other various chronic skin diseases
The classification of various skin diseases in the form of a single generally accepted classification can only be compiled on the basis of a single conceptual position in relation to the formation of a classification of diseases.
Currently, the science of dermatology is making attempts to create a unified classification, taking as a methodological principle or clinical manifestations of human skin diseases, or primary morphological elements in dermatosis, or etiological factors, or by agents of physical, chemical, biological, infectious effects, however, more than 2/3 dermatoses are not classified according to any of the listed factors.
The English Scientific School of Dermatology offers physiological research and classification methods.
The German school offers a very complex classification according to the histopathomorphology of the elements (using the characteristics of tissue changes in dermatoses with such concepts as: acanthosis, anaplasia, hyperkeratosis, granulosis, granuloma, dyskeratosis, microabscesses, parakeratosis, papillomatosis, acantholysis, vacuolar degeneration, ballooning degeneration, spongiosis).
The Russian school of dermatology offers an interesting and informative concept - according to the principle of the presence of malformations, for example, highlighting such groups of chronic skin diseases as:
- Hereditary diseases, i.e. genetically determined;
- Keratoses;
- Connective tissue pathologies;
- Violations of epithelialization and the formation of cystic elements;
- Phakomatosis, i.e. associated with neurocutaneous interactions;
- Photodermatosis;
- Tumors.
Look at these human skin diseases in the photo, where their typical clinical signs are visible:
Diagnosis of diseases of the skin
First, let's talk about the causes of skin diseases, since this is extremely important for diagnostic measures. In addition to the factors of negative influence described above, the condition of the internal organs is of decisive importance. The classic cause of dermatosis is a violation of the microflora of the small and large intestines, helminthic invasion and the development of a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, sensitization of the body occurs and the skin reacts painfully to any contact with a negative environmental factor.
Knowing about such causes of skin pathologies, it is logical to start examining a patient with a banal analysis of feces for worm eggs. It would also not be bad to make a coprogram. Diseases of the skin in about half of clinical cases are associated with dysbacteriosis.
Diagnosis of skin diseases and their treatment includes, generally speaking, all the actions that you learned in the study of basic clinical disciplines:
- Inspection(we fix in the history of the disease the color of the skin, the condition of the skin appendages, the localization of morphological elements, the consistency of the rashes, the features of objective symptoms, the location and grouping or dispersion of the elements of the rashes);
- Complaints sick, i.e. subjective symptoms of dermatoses;
- Anamnesis(clarification of exogenous and endogenous factors of influence, seasonality of rashes, family nature of dermatosis, connection with working conditions, rest, nutrition, the presence of somatic diseases, chronic infections, the effectiveness of means and methods of previous treatment);
- Clinical Analysis, carried out at a sufficient professional level of knowledge of morphological elements and the nature of the course of skin rashes, often does not require laboratory confirmation;
- Laboratory research(microscopy, bacteriology, histology, immunological and serological reactions are necessary in some cases).
Therapy for skin diseases
Therapy of skin diseases includes the use of general treatment and local manipulations, the choice and combination of which depend on:
- The prevalence of skin manifestations;
- The degree of aggression of dermatosis;
- The duration of the flow;
- The need for the use of specific drugs for the treatment of skin diseases (for example, fungicidal therapy for fungal skin diseases);
- The use of angioprotectors or angiocorrectors, depending on the progression of clinical symptoms;
- Lipotropic agents or hepatoprotectors, taking into account the role of liver pathology in the pathogenesis of dermatosis;
- Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, dysbacteriosis;
- Treatment of endocrinopathies, mobilization of the functioning of the adrenal glands;
- Possibilities of using thalassotherapy and heliotherapy.
Methods for the treatment of skin diseases
Modern methods of treating skin diseases include general agents (sedatives, antihistamines, desensitizing, specific and non-specific immunocorrectors, immunotherapy methods, corticosteroid drugs, cytostatics, antibiotics, anabolic drugs, and many others) and local treatment (powders, lotions, agitated mixtures, aerosols). , ointments, pastes, oils, compresses, plasters, medicinal soaps, etc.).
The choice of therapy regimen is carried out by the attending dermatologist, depending on the patient's condition and the degree of damage to the epithelial cover.
Local treatment of skin diseases
Assign, taking into account the localization and distribution, depth and nature of the lesion, and be sure to ask the patient about the tolerability of previously used drugs.
An important rule for local treatment of skin diseases with various lesions:
- It is impossible to forcibly remove scales, crusts, drug residues - the affected areas are abundantly moistened with cotton wool with vaseline or vegetable oil (olive, peach, linseed, corn, sunflower, etc.);
- You can apply an oil bandage - in this case, excess layers are easily and painlessly removed from the focus of dermatosis. Purulent discharge of erosions and ulcers is removed with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Around the focus, the skin is treated, wiped with 1-2% salicylic, camphor or 40-70% ethyl alcohol (child's skin - 30%). Accordingly, they use tweezers, crooked scissors, and cotton swabs.
The effectiveness of local therapy depends on the "little things" during manipulations. Let's pay attention to some common and proven practice, well-established methods of local treatment of pathological skin conditions.
How to treat skin diseases with lotions (with video)
Before treating skin diseases with lotions, it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and write out a prescription for the pharmaceutical preparation of the pharmacological composition. Examples of effective solutions for lotions: saline solution, 1-2% resorcinol solution, 0.25% silver nitrate solution, lead water, 2-3% boric acid solution, furacilin solution, rivanol (ethacridine lactate), 0.25-0.5% solution of chlorhexidine, decoctions and infusions of herbs, tea, flowers - naturally, as prescribed by a doctor.
Principles of the procedure: the solution should be cold, it should be stored in the refrigerator and poured in small portions into a dish to wet the fabric (or add ice during the procedure), it is better to use linen or linen fabric, not gauze, in 4-6 layers. In addition, the patient should be explained that during the procedure, he himself determines the duration, the time of contact of the wet tissue and his skin, but not by the second hand of the clock, but by his own feelings: "... until a feeling of warmth ...". Namely: in a cold medicinal solution for lotion, a tissue folded appropriately for application to a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe skin (several layers of gauze or linen) is immersed.
For example, in the prepared fabric for lotions on the face, you can cut holes for the mouth and eyes. So, immerse the fabric in a cold solution, wet it - now you need to wring it out, but without grabbing it with both palms (do not heat it!), And try to do push-ups with your fingertips, but hard enough - the solution does not pour from the fabric. Apply a wet, cold, wrung-out cloth to the site of skin manifestations, slightly pressing it to the skin by the edges (and not with the surface of the palms - do not heat it up!), and hold it for as long as you feel the coolness of the wet tissue - until you feel warm! When this sensation appeared (1-2 minutes or 10-15 minutes - individual differences are due to many factors), moisten the fabric again (in a fresh part of the solution from the refrigerator, if the one that was poured initially has warmed up) - wring out - apply - until sensations of warmth. This is repeated for 20-30 minutes (sometimes for 1-2 hours). The whole procedure is repeated 2-4 or more times a day (according to indications).
As a variant of the action of the solutions, wet-drying dressings are used: in this case, 8-12 layers of gauze are moistened with the solution prescribed for this patient and cover the area of \u200b\u200bchanges on the skin, fixed, after 2-3 hours the solution is changed. It should be remembered that hypertonic solutions are sometimes prescribed for lotions and wet-drying dressings.
Watch how skin diseases are treated in the video, which shows the method of applying lotions:
How to treat skin diseases with talkers and ointments
Shaken mixtures (talkers) are used in water, water-alcohol and oil. Before treating skin diseases with talkers, you need to prepare, which includes cleansing the epidermis.
The composition of the talker: about 30% solid, powdery substances (zinc oxide, starch, talc, white clay, as well as precipitated sulfur, tar, naftalan, ichthyol, etc.) and about 70% water or oil base (water, alcohol, glycerin , vaseline oil, vegetable oils). It is necessary with shaking movements to carefully displace 2 layers in a package with a talker, namely: sediment and supernatant, and only then apply to the skin (with a cotton swab or cotton swab). The liquid quickly evaporates in the air, leaving a thin layer of powder on the skin. Such treatment can be carried out 2-3 times a day, water-alcohol mixtures are used for no more than 3-5 days, as they can cause excessive dryness of the skin. The paste is used both without dressings and under 2-3 rounds of bandage.
The paste is applied with a spatula and with light movements, in strips, smeared over the lesion. The paste basically has equal amounts of solids (powders of zinc oxide, talc, etc.) and fatty substances (lanolin, petroleum jelly, fish oil, olive oil, etc.), as well as various medicinal substances (sulfur, ichthyol, tar, naftalan, resorcinol, ASD, boric acid). The paste has an anti-inflammatory, drying, keratolytic effect. The paste is applied 1-2 times a day with a spatula, along the growth of vellus hair, while we must not forget that the paste is not washed off with water, but removed with a cotton swab dipped in any vegetable oil.
Oils are used not only for cleaning foci and as part of talkers and pastes, but also independently, locally - olive, peach, lavender oil, tea tree oil, jojoba oil and other delights of arbmatherapy in the form of inhalations, baths, applications, etc. A method proven for decades in the practice of treating dermatosis - the use of zinc oil (20% zinc oxide in vegetable oil) with the addition of various drugs.
Powders and powders are used to reduce itching, disinfection, i.e. when you need to absorb fat, sweat, moisture, and to cool the skin. Powder forms of indifferent substances (zinc oxide, talc, starch, white clay), disinfectants (xeroform, dermatol) and antibacterial (streptocid, levomycetin) and other substances (resorcinol, sulfur, borax, naftalan, menthol, anestezin, etc.) are used.
Most often, ointments are used in the local treatment of dermatoses.
The ointment consists of a fatty base (vaseline, lanolin, vegetable oil, purified lard, fish oil, etc.) and drugs (sulfur, tar, resorcinol, ichthyol, salicylic acid, cytostatics, corticosteroids, antibiotics, sulfonamides, dimexide, interferon, snake poison, propolis, etc.). Depending on the ingredients, the ointment has an antipruritic, exfoliating, bactericidal, resolving, anti-inflammatory effect.
Methods for applying ointments necessarily correspond to the skin process: according to the doctor's prescription, for some dermatoses, the ointment is applied without a bandage, without rubbing, for others, the ointment is rubbed, ointment bandages are also used - a correctly applied bandage with ointment stops air from entering and the effect of drugs in the lesion is stronger , deep. (The local temperature rises, the surface layers of the epidermis loosen, the blood vessels of the skin expand.)
If independent movements of patients with severe dermatoses are significantly difficult (pemphigus, arthropathic psoriasis, erythroderma, reticulosis and lymphomas, systemic lupus erythematosus, collagenoses, etc.), care is taken: change of bed linen, hygiene procedures (washing over the basin from a jug; washing with a weak solution potassium permanganate using a cotton swab attached to a forceps; rinsing the mouth with disinfectant solutions, wiping the tongue and mouth with a 1% solution of borax with a 10% solution of glycerin with a spatula wrapped in gauze).
Ointments and pastes are applied taking into account the indicated expiration date, from the general package the nurse gives the required amount of medication to the patient on waxed paper.
Medicinal soaps: tar, glycerin, sulfuric, resorcinol, sulfur-salicylic and others.
Varnishes - fast-drying compositions with the formation of a thin film, applied without a bandage strictly to a limited area (warts, nail plates, etc.).
Plasters - a sticky mass based on wax and some other substances used to soften fabrics. Apply patches salicylic, corn, with urea and others.
Therapeutic baths
Medical baths are a very important part of local treatment. According to the temperature indicator, baths are called ordinary, or indifferent (34-36 ° C), warm (36-38 ᵒС), hot (39 ° С and above), cool (33-21 ° С) and cold (20 ° С and below). ). The duration of ordinary baths is 15-25 minutes, warm - 10 minutes, hot - 5 minutes. Baths are recommended to be taken 1-2 hours after eating. The duration of therapeutic baths, such as starch baths, is sometimes 0.5-1 hour. Therapeutic baths with the addition of starch (potato or rice), as well as hercules or bran (wheat or almond) act as an antipruritic and skin softening agent. There are several options for preparing such therapeutic baths at home. For example, you can put starch or bran (0.5-1.0 kg) in a linen bag in a bath with water of normal or warm temperature (36-37 ° C) and periodically squeeze the bag directly into the water.
You can prepare a decoction of bran in advance, strain and add to the bath.
You can dilute 1-2 cups of starch in cold water in a separate small bowl, mix thoroughly until a homogeneous suspension, then pour this suspension into a prepared warm bath.
You can first pour this diluted starch suspension (1-2 cups in 1-2 liters of water), with constant stirring, into a pot of boiling water (5-7 liters), and then pour this starch jelly into the prepared bath, equalize the temperature to the designated this patient and then start the procedure.
There is another method: oat flakes (2-3 cups) are poured with ordinary water into containers such as a three-liter jar and left for 6-8 hours, i.e. in the morning or in the evening, depending on the time convenient for the patient to carry out the procedure - a therapeutic bath. Before use, the contents of the jar are mixed and filtered through a sieve - everything that has passed this filter - a fluffy, soft and delicate fine suspension, is poured into the prepared bath.
After the bath, the body is dried with a sheet or a soft towel.
Means for external therapy of skin diseases can be divided into the following groups
|
Antiseptic |
Aniline dyes (1% alcohol solution of brilliant green, methylene blue, fuchsin (fucorcin drug), gentian violet), hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, boric acid (2-3%), alcohol |
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20% benzyl benzoate ointment (10% emulsion) tar, green soap, sulfur aerosols "Spregal", "PARA-plus", "Nittifor", "Pedilin", "Medifox" 0.2-0.4% - ny |
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Fungicidal |
Iodine tincture, orungal, nizoral, lamisil, mycospor, nitrofungin, clotrimazole, exifin, exoderil, and many others. others |
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Antipruritic |
Menthol, anestezin, diphenhydramine, citric and acetic acids |
The skin performs a very important function - it protects the internal organs of a person. Not only appearance, but also directly human health depends on her condition. Very often, people are faced with skin diseases that bring not only suffering from the physical side, but also great moral discomfort.
Content:
Causes of skin diseases
Almost all skin diseases have the same causes, the main of which are:
- infections
- Problems with the functioning of internal organs
- allergic reactions
- Hormonal imbalance
- Injuries
- Problems with the cardiovascular system
- Problems with the intestines, namely dysbacteriosis
Of course, the main cause of skin diseases are infections. They provoke various disorders in the body. However, in order to somehow protect yourself from skin diseases, you must carefully follow the rules of hygiene, which will help prevent the penetration of certain infections.
If you notice any changes with your skin, the appearance of strange spots on it, you should immediately consult a doctor who can accurately determine the cause and make a diagnosis, as well as prescribe all the necessary medications for the fastest recovery process.
Types of skin diseases
Like any other diseases, skin diseases can be divided into several types, which will include certain ailments:
Whatever type of skin disease it is, it is not recommended to treat it on your own, as there are certain approaches to the treatment of a particular ailment. And with an independent solution to the problem, you can only harm the skin, which will subsequently lead to even more trouble.
The most common skin diseases
Separately, it is worth talking about those skin diseases that are most common. Typically, this list includes:
- Psoriasis. This is one of the most mysterious skin diseases, the causes of which have not yet been precisely established. It is only known that the earlier psoriasis appears in a person, the worse it goes. The main symptoms are the appearance of peeling and inflammation on the skin. It often happens that it seems that the disease has passed, but after a while it recurs again, and the treatment has to be started anew. There are three stages of psoriasis - progressive, stationary, recurrent. If we talk about treatment, then it basically goes away with the appointment of external ointments, which include ichthyol, menthol, tar, various alkalis, sulfur, etc. In addition, the patient is prescribed a complex of vitamins that are necessary for the body. One or another type of treatment, ointments should be chosen only by a doctor who will do this based on individual characteristics, as well as the degree and progression of the disease
- Fungal diseases. Fungi are common pathogens in skin diseases. They are very fond of dampness and heat, and therefore reproduce very well on human skin. You can catch a fungal disease in the pool, bathhouse, showers in sports robes, etc. There are a lot of places. And since they spread very quickly, it sometimes becomes simply impossible to save the body. It is sometimes not so easy to cure a fungal disease. It seems that the disease is gone, but in fact it "calmed down" for an indefinite period of time
- Candidiasis. Of course, this is a fungal disease, but it is isolated separately because of the difficulty in treatment, and also because of the very rapid spread in the body.
- Herpes. Quite often you can find herpes in people of different ages. This disease has no age restrictions. It is transmitted through saliva or sexually. There is an opinion that it is possible to become infected with herpes in early childhood, and at the same time it will worsen only at that moment (that is, to make itself felt) when the immune system is weakened (during the flu, SARS, etc.). Herpes is manifested by rashes on the skin, and mainly on the lips. A person can fall asleep completely healthy, and wake up with an ugly blister. Herpes is usually treated with tetracycline, as well as antiviral drugs.
- Warts. The causative agent of this disease is panil - human lomatosis virus. Warts do not look very aesthetically pleasing, which is why, as soon as a person notices it in himself, he tries to get rid of it immediately. Cryotherapy is the best way to get rid of a simple wart. It often happens that if you remove only one or two warts, then the rest will disappear by themselves. Of course, in most cases, people have just simple warts, but sometimes they are pointed and plantar, which are a little more difficult to get rid of.
- Acne. One of the most common skin diseases is acne. They cause great discomfort, as they mainly affect the skin of the face, and look ugly. Acne in most cases appears due to problems with the intestines, and also as a result of hormonal failure. That is why, it is worth establishing the exact cause of the appearance of acne, and only then proceed to treatment. In order to prevent the appearance of a rash, it is necessary to carefully monitor the skin, follow all the rules of personal hygiene.
Skin diseases are found in almost every second person on earth, which is why a lot of time is devoted to their study. If you suddenly notice some changes, growths, redness, then you do not need to pull. It is necessary to immediately contact a specialist, because if you start treatment on time, you can avoid unpleasant consequences!
Thank you
The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!
Diseases skin are a large group of pathologies characterized by a violation of the integrity, structure and functions of the skin or its appendages (hair and nails). That is, skin diseases are pathologies that cause any violations of its structure and functions. The branch of medicine that deals with the course and treatment of skin diseases is called dermatology. Accordingly, a doctor who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases is called a dermatologist.The skin performs a number of very important functions, such as barrier, protective, excretory, respiratory, etc. The performance of these functions is provided by the structure of the skin, as well as those "commands" that come to its cells from the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as from individual organs. Since the skin is closely connected with all internal organs, any pathological processes in them may well provoke diseases of the skin. For example, digestive disorders, chronic infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, vitamin deficiency and many other pathologies of internal organs cause a skin reaction that manifests itself in the development of a particular skin disease.
Depending on the type of general pathological process or functional disorder occurring in the internal organs, skin diseases developing in response to them can manifest themselves differently, for example, inflammation, bruising, pigmentation disorders, etc.
And since the skin is also in direct contact with the environment, it is very susceptible to the influence of all the negative factors present in it. These factors can also cause the development of skin diseases, which are manifested by various pathological processes, for example, inflammation, hemorrhage or rashes, peeling, itching, etc.
Identifying skin diseases is quite simple, since they always manifest themselves with visible symptoms, such as rashes, changes in the color or structure of the skin, hemorrhages, etc.
Skin diseases - names and types
Currently doctors and scientists distinguish the following skin diseases:- skin abscess;
- acne;
- Acrodermatitis atrophic;
- actinic granuloma;
- actinic keratosis;
- actinic reticuloid;
- Skin amyloidosis;
- Anhidrosis;
- Kaposi's angioreticulosis;
- Anetodermia Schwenninger-Buzzi;
- Anetodermia Jadasson-Pellisari;
- Anyum;
- Atrophoderma Pasini-Pierini;
- Atopic dermatitis (including Bernier's pruritus);
- Atrophic stripes (stretch marks, stretch marks);
- Basalioma;
- Gougerot-Dupper disease;
- warts;
- bullous epidermolysis;
- wine stains;
- Dermatitis herpetiformis (Dyuring's dermatitis);
- skin herpes;
- Hydradenitis;
- Hyperkeratosis;
- Granuloma annulare;
- Decubital ulcer;
- Diaper dermatitis, allergic, seborrheic, contact, exfoliative, irritable contact, infectious, radiation;
- Dermatomyositis;
- Dyshidrosis (pompholyx);
- Impetigo;
- Ichthyosis;
- skin calcification;
- Carbuncles;
- Keloid scar;
- Cyst epidermal, trichodermal;
- The skin is rhombic in the occiput;
- Molluscum contagiosum;
- Urticaria idiopathic, allergic, dermatographic, vibrational, contact, cholinergic, solar;
- Lupus erythematosus;
- Lichen planus;
- Red monoliform deprive;
- Xerosis;
- Lentigo;
- Leprosy;
- livedoadenitis;
- Lymphoid papulosis;
- Fuska line (Andersen-Verno-Hackshausen syndrome);
- Lipoid necrobiosis of the skin;
- Lichen is shiny and linear;
- Lichen atrophic;
- Melanoma;
- Erythema migrans Afzelius-Lipshütz;
- Mycoses (trichophytosis, microsporia, candidal skin lesions, etc.);
- Calluses and calluses;
- Coin-like eczema;
- skin mucinosis;
- Pigmentation incontinence (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome);
- Neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen's disease);
- burns;
- Frostbite;
- Papules of Gottron;
- parapsoriasis;
- Paronychia;
- Pilonidal cyst;
- Flaming nevus;
- Pigmentary chronic purpura;
- Pyoderma (streptoderma or staphyloderma);
- Pityriasis white and pink;
- Pemphigoid;
- perioral dermatitis;
- Pint;
- Poikiloderma Civatta;
- Polymorphic light rash;
- Polymorphic dermal angiitis;
- Prickly heat deep, crystalline, red;
- Scabies;
- Acquired follicular keratosis;
- Transient acantholytic dermatosis;
- Simple chronic lichen;
- Psoriasis;
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever;
- Pemphigus;
- Skin cancer is squamous;
- reticulosis;
- Rhinophyma;
- Rosacea
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
- scleroderma;
- Sclerema and scleredema;
- Sunburn;
- Senile skin atrophy;
- Subcorneal pustular dermatitis;
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome);
- Lupus;
- Acne;
- Phlegmon;
- Phototoxic drug reaction;
- Photodermatosis;
- Yaws;
- Furuncles;
- Cheilitis;
- Chloasma;
- Scabies;
- Elastosis;
- Eczema;
- Wells' eosinophilic cellulitis;
- Erythema toxic, nodular, marginal, annular centrifugal, patterned, burn, septic, bullous and non-bullous multiforme;
- Erythematous intertrigo;
- erythrasma;
- Erythrosis (Lane's disease);
- Buruli ulcer.
This list contains the official names of skin diseases, which they are designated in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Some of the official names are given in brackets next to others historically accepted and still in use today.
Since there are quite a lot of skin diseases, and they differ in their causes, according to the characteristics of the course, as well as the type of pathological process that has a predominant influence in the development of clinical manifestations, they are divided into several large groups. Groups of skin diseases can be conditionally called types, since they are distinguished on the basis of three very important signs at the same time - the nature of the causative factor, the type of pathological process and the leading clinical symptom.
lichen simplex
This photo shows ichthyosis
hives
This photo shows a molluscum contagiosum
This photo shows pemphigus (pemphigus)
This photo shows psoriasis.
This photo shows eczema.
Diseases of the skin of the face - photo
This photo shows acne (left - closed comedones, right - open comedones)
This photo shows cystic acne.
This photo shows milia
This photo shows perioral dermatitis (spots of red, inflamed skin around the mouth and near the wings of the nose).
This photo shows rosacea.
Fungal diseases of the skin - photo
This photo shows candidiasis of the skin (candidiasis diaper rash)
This photo shows coccidioidomycosis.
This photo shows pityriasis versicolor
This photo shows mycosis of the skin
Diseases of the scalp - photo
This photo shows mycosis of the head
This photo shows discoid lupus erythematosus.
This photo shows alopecia areata
Causes of skin diseases
Since skin diseases are a heterogeneous group of pathologies, united only by the fact that they all affect the skin, it is impossible to identify common causes for them. After all, each type of skin disease has its own causes and features of the mechanism of development. Therefore, exact causative factors can only be given for each specific skin disease. And for the entire class of skin diseases, only certain common factors that can play the role of the causes of the development of pathologies can be identified.The first and main causal factor skin diseases is the inability of the liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen and lymphatic system to completely remove all toxic substances present in the body. Toxic substances can be produced in the body during life, or they can come from outside in the form of drugs, vegetables and fruits treated with pesticides, herbicides, etc. If the liver and spleen do not have time to neutralize these toxic substances, and the intestines, lymphatic system and kidneys remove them, then they begin to be removed from the body through the skin. And this causes the development of many skin diseases, such as dermatitis, dermatosis, psoriasis, eczema, etc.
Second a very important causative factor in skin diseases are allergic reactions and irritation of the skin with chemicals, physical objects and other things in the environment (bright sun, wind, low or high temperature, etc.).
The third most important causative factor skin diseases are infections. Moreover, we are talking not only about infections of the skin itself, which develop when various pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and others, enter the skin, but also about infectious diseases of internal organs, for example, hepatitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc. . In the presence of an infectious focus in the body, the excretory organs (kidneys, intestines, liver and lymphatic system) do not have time to neutralize and remove toxic substances formed in large quantities, as a result of which they begin to be excreted through the skin, provoking the development of its diseases.
The fourth most important causal factor skin diseases are "internal allergens", which are substances of a protein nature produced by worms or opportunistic microorganisms, such as staphylococci, streptococci, fungi of the genus Candida and others. These protein molecules are constantly present in the body and are a source of ongoing irritation and stimulation of the immune system, which can be clinically expressed in provoking skin diseases in the form of rashes, blisters, etc.
Fifth most important causative factor skin diseases are intestinal dysbacteriosis and stress.
Skin diseases - symptoms (signs)
Symptoms of skin diseases are very diverse, but they are all united by a common feature - the presence of any change in the structure of the skin. These changes in the structure of the skin can be represented by the following elements:- tubercles;
- Vegetation;
- blisters;
- Lichenification;
- Papules (nodules);
- petechiae;
- bubbles;
- bubbles;
- Pustules (pustules);
- spots;
- The spots are hypermelanotic or hypomelanotic;
- Telangiectasias;
- cracks;
- Node;
- scales;
- erosion;
- excoriations;
- ecchymosis;
tubercle is a dense rounded formation that rises above the skin and does not have a cavity inside. The color, density and size of the tubercle can be different. In addition, closely spaced tubercles merge with each other, forming an infiltrate. After the completion of the inflammatory process, an ulcer or scar is formed at the site of the tubercle. This is what distinguishes a tubercle from a papule. Tubercles are characteristic of tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, late stages of syphilis, chromomycosis.
vegetation are a thickening of the skin that has arisen in the area of papules and ulcers due to the long course of a chronic inflammatory process. Vegetations are eroded, bleed, and purulent infections can develop in them.
Blister is a round or oval formation rising above the surface of the skin. The blisters are pink or white with a pink border. The size of the blister can be different - from a few millimeters to centimeters in diameter. Blisters are characteristic of burns, insect bites, allergic reactions to medications, as well as bullous diseases (pemphigus, pemphigoid, etc.).
Lichenification are growths of the deep layer of the epidermis and an increase in the number of processes of epithelial cells. Outwardly, lichenification looks like areas of dry, thickened skin with a modified pattern, covered with scales. Lichenification is characteristic of sunburn, scratching and chronic inflammatory processes.
Papule (nodule) It is a towering dense formation from an altered area of the skin, inside of which there is no cavity. Papules are formed by the deposition of metabolic products in the dermis or by an increase in the size of cells that form skin structures. The shape of the papules can be different - round, hemispherical, polygonal, flat, pointed. The color of the nodules also varies depending on the process by which they are formed, for example, pink-red with inflammation in the dermis, brown with an increase in the size of melanocytes, white-yellow with xanthoma, etc.
Pink-red papules are characteristic of skin infections such as leprosy and tuberculosis. White-yellow papules are characteristic of xanthoma, pale pink - for secondary syphilis. Red papules in psoriasis and fungal mycosis merge with each other, forming a plaque.
Petechiae and ecchymosis are spots on the skin of various shapes and sizes, which are red at the initial stages, but gradually change color to blue, and then successively to green and yellow. Spots less than 1 cm in diameter are called petechiae, and more - ecchymosis.
bubble is a small rounded formation with a diameter of not more than 5 mm, rising above the skin and filled with liquid contents (bloody or serous). As a rule, bubbles form in large numbers on a limited area of the skin, forming clusters. If the bubble dries up, then a crust forms in its place, and if it opens, then erosion. Vesicles are characteristic of all types of herpes, smallpox, enterovirus infection, erysipiloid and fungal infection of the feet.
Bubble is a detachment of the upper layer of the skin without violating its integrity and the formation of an inflated bag, as it were. There is liquid inside the bubble. These elements are characteristic of pemphigus, pemphigoid, burns, erythema multiforme.
Pustule (abscess) is a rounded, small (no more than 5 mm) formation, rising above the skin and filled with white, green or yellow-green pus. Pustules can form from vesicles and blisters and are also characteristic of pyoderma.
Spot is a change in skin color with a preserved structure in a limited rounded area. That is, the skin pattern with a spot remains normal, and only its color changes. If the blood vessels are dilated in the area of the spot, then it is pink or bright red. If venous vessels are located in the area of the spot, then it is colored dark red. Multiple small red spots no more than 2 cm in diameter are called roseola, and the same, but larger spots are called erythema. Roseola spots are characteristic of infectious diseases (measles, rubella, typhoid, etc.) or allergic reactions. Erythema is characteristic of burns or erysipelas.
Hypermelanotic and hypomelanotic spots are areas of skin of various shapes and sizes, painted either in a dark color, or almost discolored. Hypermelanotic spots are painted in dark colors. Moreover, if the pigment is in the epidermis, then the spots are brown, and if in the dermis, then they are gray-blue. Hypomelanotic spots are areas of skin with a light color, sometimes completely white.
Telangiectasias are red or bluish patches of skin with spider veins. Telangiectasias can be represented by single visible dilated vessels or their clusters. Most often, these elements develop with dermatomyositis, psoriasis, systemic scleroderma, discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus, and urticaria.
Crack is a tear of the skin of a linear shape, which occurs against the background of dryness and a decrease in the elasticity of the epidermis. Cracks are characteristic of inflammatory processes.
Knot is a dense, large formation up to 5 - 10 cm in diameter, rising above the surface of the skin. The nodes are formed during inflammatory processes in the skin, therefore they are painted in red or pink-red color. After the resolution of the disease, the nodes can calcify, form ulcers or scars. The nodes are characteristic of nodular erythema, syphilis and tuberculosis.
Scales are detached horny plates of the epidermis. Scales can be small or large and are characteristic of ichthyosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis, and dermatophytosis (a fungal infection of the skin).
Erosion It is a violation of the integrity of the epidermis and, as a rule, appears at the site of an opened bladder, vesicle or abscess, and can also be formed when the blood flow is disturbed or the blood and lymphatic vessels of the skin are compressed. Erosions look like a weeping, wet surface, painted in pink-red color.
Other variants of allergic skin diseases are single reactions of the immune system to any allergen, for example, urticaria, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, purpura, etc. These allergic diseases are not prone to a long chronic course, with alternating exacerbations and remissions. They are characterized by a sharp and stormy onset, followed by a gradual fading of the severity of the reaction and, accordingly, recovery.
Viral skin diseases
Viral skin diseases, in fact, are a type of infectious, as they are caused by various viruses. The most common among viral skin diseases are various types of herpes, molluscum contagiosum and warts. These infections are prone to a long chronic course and never go away without special treatment. Therapy of warts consists in their removal, molluscum contagiosum - in taking antiviral drugs, and herpes - in the external application of ointments and other means that facilitate the period of exacerbation.Inflammatory skin diseases
Inflammatory skin diseases are a rather extensive group of pathologies, the leading characteristic of which is the inflammatory process of a different nature and intensity. In fact, all skin diseases are inflammatory, with the exception of tumors, dermatoses, pigmentation disorders and atrophic-dystrophic processes.Children and newborns are most susceptible to infectious and allergic skin diseases, so they most often suffer from ringworm, erythema, impetigo, warts, herpes, urticaria and contact dermatitis. Also, children are characterized by skin irritation reactions that occur in the form of rashes, itching and redness of certain areas or the entire skin. Other skin diseases rarely develop in babies under 5-7 years old, and upon reaching this age, children become susceptible to the same skin pathologies as adults.
Treatment of skin diseases
Treatment of skin diseases is carried out in several stages, since in addition to eliminating the causative factor and stopping the inflammatory or atrophic process, it is necessary to achieve complete regeneration of the affected areas so that they can continue to perform their functions normally. At the second stage, various means are used that reduce the severity of the inflammatory process on the skin. To do this, use ointments, creams, special cosmetics and cleansers, etc. The selection of products should always be made individually based on the condition, sensitivity and reaction of the skin.
At the same time, to improve metabolism, blood flow and lymph flow in the skin, accelerate its regeneration and suppress the pathological process, methods of herbal medicine, homeopathy and physiotherapy are used. The most effective and popular are ultraviolet blood irradiation, cryotherapy, masks and body wraps.
In parallel with the treatment of skin diseases, it is necessary to use means to eliminate intestinal dysbacteriosis, as well as to improve the excretion of toxic substances through the kidneys, intestines and lymphatic system. In the treatment of a wide variety of skin diseases from a banal allergic rash to psoriasis, the use of enterosorbents (Polifepan, Polysorb, Enterosgel, etc.) is very effective, which should be taken in courses of 2 to 3 weeks.
Treatment of fungal skin diseases
Treatment of fungal diseases of the skin is carried out with the help of antifungal drugs, which should be simultaneously taken orally and applied externally to the affected area. The choice of antifungal drug, its dosage and duration of use are determined by the type of fungal infection and its localization. For example, if the scalp or nails are infected, antifungal medications will have to be taken longer and in higher dosages than if a fungal infection of smooth skin is present.It is impossible to treat fungal diseases only with external means, since this is ineffective and in 100% of cases, some time after the completion of the course of therapy, when it seems that everything is fine, a relapse will occur. The fact is that external agents are not able to destroy fungal spores located in the deep layers of the skin, since they cannot penetrate them. And for a complete cure, it is imperative to destroy these spores, because otherwise they will definitely become active and cause a recurrence of a fungal infection of the skin. It is for the destruction of spores in the deep layers of the skin that you need to take antifungal drugs inside.
