8 month old baby nosebleed. Nosebleeds in Children: Causes and Treatment

Bleeding from a baby's nose always scares parents. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and, of course, in such a situation, the baby needs help. In order for parents to provide it to their child, they need to familiarize themselves with the relevant information about the varieties, features and methods of treating such pathologies.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

There are a lot of blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Nosebleeds (epistaxis) from one or both nostrils are much more common in children than in adults. It can be at any age (both in one-year-olds and in children of preschool and primary school age up to 10 years old) and less often in adolescents. Thus, almost every child knows from personal experience what nosebleeds are.

Why is this happening? We list the main reasons:

nose injury;
diseases of ENT organs;
pathology of internal organs and systems;
frequent tamponade of the nasal cavity;
external factors.

Nose injury

Babies love to play with small objects. Parents can not always keep track of them, and a child can easily put some small toy (for example, a designer part) in his nose. This is typical for children 3-4 years old. As a result, the baby injures the nasal mucosa, and bleeding begins. A similar injury can be obtained with a simple picking in the nose with a finger. If possible, wean the child from such habits.

ENT diseases

In the cool season, children often get colds (we recommend reading:). This happens because of the not yet formed immunity. From the frequent discharge of a liquid secret from the nose, the vessels in it become inflamed. When a child sneezes or coughs, weak and swollen blood vessels can bleed from strain.

Diseases of other organs and systems

Bleeding is also explained by the presence of pathologies, which are characterized by a violation of hemocoagulation (blood clotting). With such diseases, the blood vessels become very vulnerable, and even slight bleeding is difficult to stop. Such diseases include:

hepatitis;
anemia;
leukemia, etc.

Teenagers often experience nosebleeds during hormonal changes. This is not a pathology, but simply age-related features.

The use of nasal preparations

During colds, parents often instill vasoconstrictor drugs in their child's nose. In some cases, their use is necessary, because they facilitate the course of the disease, but too long use makes the vessels vulnerable, the mucosa becomes thinner and more vulnerable, which provokes the occurrence of blood discharge.

Too long use of vasoconstrictor drops can be complicated by vasospasm and bleeding

Frequent tamponade of the nasal cavity

If the blood flow from the nose is a frequent occurrence in the crumbs, then cotton swabs are injected into the nasal passages (they look like flagella about 3 cm long and no more than 1 cm thick). Such tampons block the blood flow and, with frequent use, cause atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Because of this, the problem is not solved, but only aggravated.

External factors

Sometimes nosebleeds are the result of external factors. For example, if the baby overheats in the sun and gets sunstroke or heatstroke (for more details, see the article:). Dry air breaks the elasticity of the blood vessels of the nose, making them fragile and brittle. Such air can be both outdoors in frost or heat, and indoors.

Types of nosebleeds

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To make a diagnosis, it matters at what time of day the bleeding from the nose occurs, it happens periodically or it happened once. Most often, bleeding occurs at night, in the morning or with rhinitis.
At night
Nocturnal bleeding from the nose causes the greatest fear and anxiety in parents. The most unexpected factors can provoke the phenomenon.
If the parents are sure that the crumbs had no nose injuries, then the bleeding may have been provoked by:
prolonged or uncontrolled treatment with vasoconstrictor drops;
strong drying of the mucous membrane of the baby's nose - this is especially true during the heating season, when the air in the apartment is too dry;
allergies to dust, household chemicals, pets, etc.;
increased intracranial pressure.

In the morning
If the baby has bleeding in the morning, they may be due to the following factors:
in a dream, the child lay on his side or stomach all night, which could put pressure on the vessels and cause bleeding;
the presence of polyps in the nose also leads to blood loss in the morning;
as in the case of night phenomena, the cause of the morning may be too dry air in the room;
increased emotional and physical stress (typical for school age from 8 to 11 years), lack of sleep for proper rest, and many others. others

Nosebleeds can be due to overexcitation and excitement.
Rhinitis with blood
It happens that a small blood discharge from the nose is accompanied by rhinitis. This is especially noticeable when blowing out. What could be causing this:
due to inability, the child blows his nose too actively, therefore it injures the mucous membrane and contributes to the appearance of blood (we recommend reading:);
trying to pick off dried crusts, the baby scratches the delicate mucous membrane;
the frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs affects;
complications after diseases of the ENT organs.

These are just some of the possible causes of blood in the nasal cavity. To accurately determine the nature of the pathology, a specialist consultation is necessary. This is most relevant with regular bleeding.
How to stop nosebleeds?
Stopping a nosebleed can be done with fairly simple steps. Of course, the cause of the pathology plays a significant role. If the blood flow does not stop for more than 15-25 minutes, then an ambulance should be urgently called. Also, the intervention of specialists is mandatory if there was a head injury, vomiting is present, the child loses consciousness or suffers from poor blood clotting (hemophilia).
Providing first aid to a child
At home, it is important to provide first aid to the baby in a timely manner. It should be not only physical, but also psychological.

Thus, the injured part is clamped and the blood stops.
Children themselves are very afraid of sudden bleeding, so you need to immediately reassure the child. Here are some simple steps you can take to help ease your baby's condition:
Sit your baby in a chair and tilt his head forward.
Pinch your nostrils and apply ice to the bridge of your nose. After 6-7 minutes, cotton swabs soaked in vasoconstrictor drugs (Vibrocil, Naphthyzin) can be carefully introduced into the nasal passages.
After 5 minutes, carefully remove the flagella and lubricate the mucosa with petroleum jelly or Neomycin ointment, which accelerate healing and soothe inflammation.

The most common mistakes that are easy to avoid
Many parents, trying to help the child, unknowingly can harm him. Improper first aid measures are fraught with increased bleeding and other unpleasant symptoms. In order to avoid mistakes and not aggravate the situation, you need to know what things absolutely cannot be done:
During bleeding, put the baby to bed and raise his legs. This will increase blood loss.
Tilt your head back, because in this case, there is a violation of the outflow of blood through the cervical veins and the release of blood increases. In addition, it numbs the throat, causing spasms and vomiting.
Immediately after stopping the blood, give the child drinks and food, especially hot. High temperature causes vasodilation and resumption of bleeding.

Also, after stopping the flow of blood, the child should be protected from sports and heavy physical exertion. This can provoke a relapse.
When is it necessary to contact a specialist?
An ENT doctor should be contacted after the bleeding stops. Consultation with a specialist is needed to establish the cause and prevent recurrence. The doctor examines the sinuses with the help of special mirrors (this method is called rhinoscopy). If necessary, damaged vessels are cauterized. Consultations of other specialists (endocrinologist, hematologist, etc.) can also be prescribed and tests are carried out.
Treatment of nosebleeds
With a single nosebleed, no specific treatment is required, since recurrence is unlikely, and parents have nothing to worry about. It will be enough to observe elementary preventive measures. Treatment is subject to systematic bleeding, as well as those caused by severe injuries, kidney disease, impaired blood clotting. If relapses occur, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.
Medicines
Drug therapy is primarily aimed at reducing capillary fragility and permeability. Here are used:
Askorutin (more details in the article:);
Rutin;
Ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic acid reduces the permeability of the vascular wall
Additionally, to prevent and accelerate the stop of bleeding, the following is prescribed:
Vikasol;
Dicynon;
intravenously: Calcium chloride, Aminocaproic acid (we recommend reading:).

For bleeding caused by injury, your doctor may prescribe:
Trasilol;
Contrykal.

Traditional medicine
Among folk recipes there are many effective remedies. Their additional advantages are availability, environmental friendliness and budget. Among these funds there are both local and those that are taken orally:
well improve blood clotting teas with sea buckthorn, plantain, chamomile;
a piece of aloe leaf, eaten on an empty stomach, can help with frequent bleeding;
to quickly stop the bleeding, you can moisten a cotton swab in the juice of fresh nettle or plantain and insert it into the sore nostril.

For nosebleeds, the child is recommended to drink chamomile tea.
These recommendations can be helpful, but parents should not get carried away with self-medication, especially if the cause of bleeding is not exactly determined. Before using traditional medicine, it is also necessary to consult a doctor.
Preventive measures
To prevent nosebleeds, parents need to follow some rules. They consist in close attention to the health of your baby, preventing injuries, providing a healthy and balanced diet. The following measures will help strengthen the blood vessels of the crumbs:
Regular airing of the room and humidification of the air in the apartment during the heating season.
Reception of vitamin and mineral complexes for children, especially in the off-season, when the child's immunity is weakened.
The use of fresh vegetables, citrus fruits, fish, dairy products.

Nosebleeds in themselves are not a dangerous phenomenon, but it is better to prevent this pathology in order to keep calm in the family and not expose the child to unnecessary stress. Compliance with simple precautions will help the baby to be healthy and cheerful and delight parents with their successes and good mood.

There is blood from the nose of a 5-year-old child - causes. Nosebleeds are the most common problem in children under the age of ten and in the elderly. Most often they occur during cold weather, when people experience not only a temperature difference, but also are in a room where the air is dry from the operation of heating devices. Not only frequent bleeding, but also heavy bleeding is a clear reason for contacting a specialist.

Causes

Children have a nose that is quite small in size, and the shell inside it is still unprotected. Therefore, a minor irritant will suffice, which will cause damage to the capillaries, and it can be a banal blowing your nose.

For children under the age of five, the most common cause of nosebleeds is damage to the blood vessels that results from improper toileting of the nasal cavity. For such a situation, the appearance of blood from only one nostril is characteristic.

Vessels in the back of the nose can be much less likely to be injured, but blood flows already from two nostrils.

The most common causes of nosebleeds, other than trauma from picking, are:

Deviation of the nasal septum.
Benign tumors in the nose.
Overwork.
The presence of a foreign object in the nose, which provokes the appearance of inflammation.
Inflammatory processes in the nasal mucosa.
Excessive blowing of the nose.

Frequent use of drugs such as vasoconstrictor drops.
Diseases of the kidneys and liver.
Hemophilia.
Fragility of blood vessels resulting from a disease or being congenital.
Blood pathologies such as poor clotting.
High blood pressure.
Overheat.
Dry mucous, which occurs when you are in a room where the air is dry and hot.
Malignant tumors in the nasal cavity.
Hypovitaminosis.
Frequently occurring respiratory diseases.
Heart failure.

By itself, the mucous membrane of a child at this age is very thin and delicate, which is why even inaccurate movement in the nose provokes the development of bleeding. And some varieties of viruses often have a tropism for these areas of the child's body.

Another reason is the frequent insertion of a swab into the nose, which stops the profuse bleeding from the nose. But it is he who contributes to the atrophy of the mucosa, and as a result of the reappearance of bleeding.

Nosebleeds in a 5-year-old child, the causes of which are different, in any case, should alert parents and call for immediate action.

How to help

A child under ten years of age who has a nosebleed should not:

Lie down in a horizontal position, as this can provoke the development of even more bleeding or choking from your own blood, and blood can also enter the esophagus and thereby develop vomiting and intoxication.
Pinch your nose.
Speak.
Blow your nose.
Move actively.

Swallow blood.
Stick a cotton swab up your nose if the cause of the bleeding is an illness.

What needs to be done in such a situation:

First of all, the baby should be reassured and not panic yourself.
Open direct access to oxygen by opening a window for this.
Attach something cold to the bridge of your nose.
Take a sitting position.
Lean forward a little.
Place cotton swabs in the nose, but not too deep, it is advisable to moisten the swab in hydrogen peroxide.
After the blood has been stopped, the nasal cavity should be lubricated with a substance that will soften it, a commonly available example of such substances is petroleum jelly.

If the bleeding does not stop within ten minutes and it is profuse, then you should immediately consult a doctor. He should explain all the possible reasons for the development of this circumstance and the characteristic flow of blood.

When parents call a specialist for a child, they should know what methods he can help in such a situation:

first of all, the doctor will introduce a swab, previously moistened with a special solution necessary to stop the blood;
after the blood has been stopped, the doctor will examine with an endoscope;
in some cases, stitching and cauterization of vessels may be required;
if the cause of this is polyps, then it is necessary to do a tomography or x-ray;
in the presence of an infection, the specialist rinses the nose with a solution, in addition to which antibiotics are prescribed.

After the examination is carried out and the cause is revealed, the child should not pick his nose for several days, overstrain and blow his nose.

Prevention

It should be remembered that in most cases this condition does not pose a threat to life and is the norm, with the exception of frequent and copious discharge from the nose.

Depending on the cause of bleeding, preventive methods may be different. If blood from the nose appears very often, then a prerequisite is the delivery of tests for platelets and clotting. After that, it is necessary to consult an immunologist, an ENT specialist and an endocrinologist. For prevention after prescription by a doctor, you should take vitamin R.

In order to avoid such problems in the future, you should:

Moisturize the nasal mucosa - for this you need to drink more fluids, humidify the air in the house and irrigate the nasal cavity with saline.
Periodically visit a doctor for the purpose of testing.
If smokers live in the house, then they need to eradicate the bad habit, as this is also often the reason.
Lead a healthy lifestyle.
Remove all objects that collect dust from rooms, such as soft toys.

It is especially necessary to pay attention to a child who is a year or less, starting hardening earlier, parents can help prevent the appearance of sudden and unexplained nosebleeds.

If bleeding occurs frequently, then capillaries should be strengthened by taking vitamin C. Among folk methods, grape seed extract helps, but only a doctor prescribes its dosage.

Often doctors prescribe various calcium preparations, the course of which is about two weeks.

If the baby has arterial hypertension or other diseases that caused the appearance of blood from the nose, then all prevention is the treatment of the cause.

A special category is situations when blood is discharged from both nostrils and this happens quite often, and also, if it comes from the ear or throat, in such a situation it is impossible to hesitate to contact a doctor. There can be no talk of preventive methods here, since these are symptoms of a dangerous disease that must be treated.

Nosebleeds are a pathological condition that often occurs in young children. Most often, the pathological process is not accompanied by additional symptoms and therefore it is difficult to determine the causes of its occurrence. That is why with frequent bleeding, a doctor's consultation is necessary.

If child's nose bleeds, causes can be quite varied. Most often, pathology is diagnosed with:

Organ injury. In children, bleeding for this reason is most often observed. Children love to play with various light objects that accidentally cause injury. Most often, nosebleeds in a 3-year-old child are observed precisely for this reason. Such an injury can be in children if they often pick their nose.
ENT diseases. The pathological process is accompanied by frequent colds. At 1 year, bleeding can be observed with colds, which is explained by incompletely formed immunity. If children often get discharge from the nose, then this causes damage to the inflamed vessels and bleeding.
The use of nasal medicines. The appearance of blood from the nose in a child 2 years of age and older is observed during the use of vasoconstrictor drugs. They are recommended to be used to relieve the symptoms of a cold. If they are used for a long period, then sometimes this leads to pathology, especially in infants.
Nasal tamponade. It is a serious cause of nosebleeds in children 6 years of age. If the baby often has nosebleeds, then tampons are installed, which can injure the mucous membrane, which will aggravate the situation.
The impact of external factors. If the baby is 4 years old, dry air constantly acts on the nasal cavity, then drying of the mucous membranes is observed. This means that it is easy to injure her.

Other causes can lead to nosebleeds at age 10. At risk are children of five years who suffer from hepatitis. Also, this symptom is observed in anemia and leukemia.

Bleeding can be diagnosed when exposed to a variety of provoking factors. That is why parents need to be attentive to their child.

How to distinguish dangerous bleeding from the nose?

The most dangerous are the conditions when blood runs from the nose at night. Pathology occurs when exposed to the most unexpected factors. When a child's nose bleeds, the reason may be an allergic reaction, intracranial pressure. Also, blood can run with the uncontrolled use of drops with a vasoconstrictor effect.

If bleeding is repeatedly observed in the morning, then this indicates the presence of polyps. Also, this condition is observed in chronic physical or emotional overwork of the baby. The danger is also evidenced by the fact that blood is excreted along with mucus. This indicates the course of complications of ENT organs.

Possible Complications

If the child often bleeds from the nose, then this can lead to the development of complications. With heavy blood loss, the baby often loses consciousness. With epistaxis, children are often diagnosed with nausea and vomiting. This is due to the flow of blood along the back of the pharynx into the digestive system. Improper provision of first aid leads to blood entering the nasolacrimal canal. That is why it flows out through the eye sockets.

Bleeding can lead to serious complications, which requires the timely provision of first aid to the baby.

Features of treatment

If a child is bleeding from the nose, then only the doctor will determine what to do. With a single bleeding, no specific treatment is needed. In rare cases, cauterization of blood vessels in the nose is performed. With systematic bleeding, the appointment of therapy is recommended. In this case, the cause is determined, as well as individual characteristics in children.

First aid

If child is bleeding from the nose, then he needs to urgently provide first aid. To stop bleeding, you must perform certain actions:

The child needs to be seated on a chair and tilt his head forward.
It is recommended to close the nostril or both nostrils with your hands, and apply a compress on the bridge of the nose.
After 5 minutes, gauze tampons are inserted into the nostrils, which are pre-soaked in a solution with a vasoconstrictor effect - Vibrocil, Naphthyzinum.
After 5 minutes have passed, it is necessary to remove the tampons and treat the mucous membranes. In this case, Vaseline or Neomycin ointment is used. With their help, acceleration of the healing of mucous membranes is ensured.

First aid for nosebleeds should be carried out without fail, which will eliminate the possibility of complications.

How to stop bleeding in the chest?

Babies can also bleed from the nose. In this case, the algorithm of actions during the provision of first aid is changed. The baby must be freed from squeezing clothing, which will provide oxygen access. Next, you need to pick him up in a standing position. It is necessary to press a little on the bridge of the nose and hold your fingers for 10 minutes. It is not necessary to overdo it in this case, as this can lead to damage to it.

During the period of first aid, you need to make sure that the baby breathes through the mouth. You can also attach a towel to the bridge of the nose, which is pre-wetted in cold water. The blood that flows out is removed with a sterile napkin.

What can't be done?

When a child's nose begins to bleed, parents in a panic try to help him and make mistakes. It is strictly forbidden to put the child on the bed and, moreover, to raise the legs, as this will lead to increased blood loss. It is also forbidden to tilt your head back, as this will lead to an increase in the outflow of blood and an increase in secretions. It can also lead to spasm and vomiting.

After providing first aid, it is forbidden to give the child food or drink, especially in the form of heat, as this will expand the vessels and lead to re-bleeding. The child is contraindicated in physical activity after bleeding, as this can lead to a relapse.

Drugs for the treatment of nosebleeds

If blood flows from the nose constantly, then this requires the use of certain medicines. In order to reduce the fragility and permeability of capillaries, the use of:

Ascorbic acid;
Askorutina;
Routine.

In order to speed up the stop of bleeding, Dicyon or Vikasol is used. Also, the patient is recommended intravenous administration of aminocaproic acid, calcium chloride. If the pathology occurs against the background of injuries, it is recommended to take Kontrykal or Trasilol.

How to stop folk remedies?

Often, to eliminate bleeding, the use of traditional medicine is carried out, which are characterized not only by availability, but also by safety. To improve blood clotting, it is recommended to take teas that are prepared on the basis of chamomile, plantain.

If bleeding occurs constantly, then he needs to eat a piece of aloe leaf in the morning. If there is a need to quickly stop bleeding, it is necessary to moisten a gauze swab in the juice of plants such as plantain or nettle and insert it into the nostrils for 5 minutes.

When do you need specialist help?

Most parents ask themselves the question: when is it necessary to contact a specialist? After the child stops bleeding from the nose, you need to seek help from a doctor. The specialist will determine the cause of the pathology, as well as prescribe an effective treatment. if necessary, the ENT doctor will send the baby for further examination.

Prevention

In order to avoid the appearance of nosebleeds in children, it is necessary to carry out its prevention in a timely manner. In this case, it is necessary not only to monitor the health of the baby, but also to adhere to certain rules:

The baby's room should be regularly ventilated. During the heating season, it is necessary to regularly ventilate the premises.
In order to strengthen the immune system of the baby, he needs to take vitamin and mineral complexes in autumn and spring.
It is necessary to ensure the correct diet for the child. he is recommended to consume citrus fruits, vegetables, fish, dairy products.

Bleeding in children can occur for a variety of reasons. When it appears, parents should provide the baby with first aid and consult a doctor. Only a specialist after carrying out appropriate diagnostic measures can determine the cause of the pathology and develop a treatment regimen aimed at eliminating it.

Any nosebleed, or, as doctors say, the outflow of blood from the nasal cavity, occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels. Most often this happens with children from two to 10 years. The reasons are extremely varied.

Why is the child bleeding from the nose?

If a child's nose bleeds, there is a reason. And it cannot be determined immediately. It takes time to diagnose. And at first they assume:

traumatic injury to the nasal mucosa. It is very vulnerable in children, because it is thin and contains many blood vessels. Problems can occur when the mucosa is too dry, for example, during the heating season or as a result of strong blowing, sneezing and picking your nose. A special problem relevant for young children is foreign bodies, which babies often put into their noses, then forget about it or deliberately hide from adults. A foreign body injures the mucous membrane and provokes bleeding or causes inflammation, and then the bloody discharge is accompanied by purulent with an unpleasant odor. The mucosa can also suffer from frequent rhinitis of any origin (allergic or infectious);
deviated septum of the nose, leading to uneven expansion and excessive vulnerability of blood vessels;
nose and/or face injury when falling, hitting a ball or a hand in contact sports. Particularly severe nosebleeds occur with cranial injuries, for example, a fracture of the base of the skull in the anterior region of the cranial fossa;
infectious disease with high fever- flu, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc. In acute inflammation, blood vessels become very vulnerable, toxins released by viruses and bacteria literally corrode and thin their walls;
problem of the vascular network of the nasal cavity. A congenital feature is considered a variant of varicose veins, which can "show" itself in different parts of the body;
increase in blood pressure. It is believed that hypertension is characteristic only of adults, but recently it has become more common in young patients, in particular, due to problems with the kidneys, the endocrine system, metabolic disorders, such as cholesterol, an overdose of vitamin D, overheating, and heart defects. In fact, a protective-compensatory mechanism is triggered: when a small amount of blood exits through the nose, blood pressure decreases slightly, reducing the likelihood of cerebral hemorrhage;
violation in the blood coagulation system (hemostasis). The most famous is hemophilia, and there is also thrombocytopathy, in which platelets that have an irregular structure are not able to participate in the process of blood clotting.
polyp or swelling in the nose;
failure of the liver, bone marrow and other organs.
nosebleeds are sometimes caused by medications for example, anticoagulants that inhibit blood clotting, among them aspirin.

Blood from the nose of a child: we determine the strength of the "flow"

"Spring" can originate in different places. If in the front of the nose, blood usually comes out of one nostril in drops or a trickle. This area is called the Kisselbach zone, it contains a plexus of small and narrow capillaries that quickly clog, so the flow is short-lived and blood loss is minimal. They begin due to trauma to the nasal mucosa with fingers, hard objects (cotton bud, pencil, toy). This type of bleeding accounts for about 90% of all and, as a rule, does not pose a threat to life.

If the source of bleeding lies in the middle or back of the nose, the situation becomes more complicated: blood flows from a wide artery, and significant blood loss is not ruled out. Such bleeding is more difficult to notice, because the blood flows in a strong stream along the back of the throat, the baby swallows it first. But at some point he vomits blood or bloody diarrhea (melena). But by this time, the baby manages to lose a large amount of blood. And as a result, he has tinnitus, dizziness, lowering blood pressure, increased heart rate, general weakness of the body, shortness of breath. Suffocation is also possible: the liquid can get into the respiratory tract. Causes of the posterior type of nosebleeds are more serious: increased blood pressure, trauma to the face or nose, etc.

Attention! The flow rate is also different: from insignificant to profuse - life-threatening. Children do not tolerate blood loss: a deficiency of 50 ml of blood in a small child is equivalent to the loss of 1 liter in an adult!

A single and short nosebleed with timely and correct first aid is not fraught with great danger. But a repetition of the situation or abundant flows is a reason to consult a doctor for a thorough search for the true cause of what happened.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

Frequently repeated, albeit minor, bleeding from the nose requires a thorough examination. First of all, anemia is ruled out. Be sure to conduct a study of the rate of blood clotting; if it is below normal, a consultation with a hematologist is recommended. It is important to measure blood pressure, check the function of the liver and kidneys. For prolonged bleeding with an unclear cause, additional tests are involved.

Attention! Measures to prevent nosebleeds are moisturizing and purifying the air in the nursery, careful handling of the nasal passages, proper blowing your nose, choosing safe toys and sports.

First aid for nosebleeds

The reaction of adults to blood from the nose is urgent, the bleeding must be stopped immediately, wherever it starts - in the garden, on the street, at home. And for this you need:

Soothe or distract with a conversation, a toy.
Learn to breathe evenly and deeply. With excitement, the heartbeat always quickens, and with it the speed of blood flow increases.
The baby should be seated or placed in a semi-sitting position with the head slightly tilted forward and down.
Provide access to fresh air - unbutton the collar, loosen the fasteners, open the window.
Put a cold lotion or an ice pack on the bridge of the nose and nose to narrow the vessels of the nasal mucosa, and a warm heating pad to the legs.
In case of minor bleeding, press the wing of the nose against the nasal septum with your finger and apply an ice pack there.
If the bleeding from the child's nose does not stop, a ball of sterile cotton wool or gauze moistened with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution is inserted into the anterior nasal cavity. The child himself can press it against the nasal septum and hold it for 10-15 minutes.
If this does not help, go to the clinic or emergency room.

Attention! A severe cause of bleeding (hemophilia) requires hospitalization, so call an ambulance immediately.

When bleeding from the nose, do not:

remove the pillow from under the baby's head;
raise his legs above the level of the body;
sharply tilt your head back: this makes it difficult for the outflow of blood through the veins of the neck, as a result of which bleeding may increase;
abruptly change the position in which it all began.

All parents experience nosebleeds in their children at least once. This phenomenon is very frightening and alarming for them, so most often this is followed by a call to the doctor. A child's nose can bleed for a variety of reasons, including too brittle blood vessels, nasal injuries, and inaccurate cleaning of the nasal passages. In some cases, the bleeding is so severe that the baby has to be hospitalized. You need to understand that nosebleeds are not a disease, but just a symptom of some disease that needs to be treated.

Why does a child's nose bleed?

Nosebleeds can occur for a variety of reasons. Most often, such a pathological phenomenon is observed in children from 2 to 10 years old and occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels. If a child often has nosebleeds, then it is necessary to conduct a complete examination and, based on the results obtained, determine the exact cause. This usually takes time, therefore, based on the data obtained during the examination of the patient, the doctor makes a preliminary diagnosis. The cause of a nosebleed in a child may be:

damaged nasal mucosa. In small children, it is quite vulnerable, as it is literally riddled with blood vessels. A pathological condition can be observed with constant inhalation of too dry air, with strong blowing your nose, sneezing, or actively picking your nose;
a common problem is foreign bodies that young children put into their noses during games, and then forget about it or specifically do not tell their parents so that they are not scolded. Such objects injure the nasal mucosa and lead to severe bleeding. If a foreign object has been in the nasal cavity for a long time, then it provokes the development of a severe inflammatory process. In this case, spotting is mixed with pus and has a fetid odor;
chronic rhinitis, both infectious and allergic;
nasal septum defects. With its curvature, uneven expansion and severe fragility of the vessels occur;
head and nose injuries. This can happen when playing hockey or football, as well as when practicing any contact sports. The most severe bleeding occurs with head injuries, especially with a fracture of the base of the skull;
nosebleeds in children can occur with infectious diseases that occur with high fever. Nosebleeds often run with scarlet fever, influenza, and measles. In infectious diseases, pathogenic microorganisms secrete toxic substances that corrode the nasal mucosa and thin the walls of blood vessels;
inflammation of the blood vessels in the nose. This pathological phenomenon can be considered a kind of varicose veins, which manifests itself in different areas;
High blood pressure can also cause nosebleeds. It is believed that hypertension is a problem of adults, but it is not. Recently, there are more and more children who have increased age indicators. This is due to endocrinological diseases, heart defects and an overdose of certain vitamin preparations. This phenomenon is often observed in adolescents about 14 years old at the time of hormonal changes in the body;
blood clotting disorder. It could be hemophilia or thrombocytopathy. In both of these cases, the blood cannot clot normally, so bleeding is profuse;
polyps and cystic formations in the nose can lead to bleeding. Such neoplasms tend to get injured and bleed;
diseases of the liver, brain and other organs. It can be just failures caused by some external factors, but oncological pathologies can also provoke frequent bleeding. For example, with leukemia for no apparent reason, nosebleeds often occur.

In addition, certain medications can lead to significant nosebleeds. First of all, such drugs include anticoagulants, the most common of which is Aspirin.

Frequent nosebleeds in children should be the reason for a comprehensive examination. Initially, it is determined whether a small patient suffers from anemia or whether his blood clotting is disturbed. If such pathologies are detected, then an urgent consultation of a hematologist is necessary. In the case of an unclear etiology of bleeding, a council of doctors is assembled and additional examinations are carried out.

Aspirin-based drugs should not be prescribed to children under 14 years of age, as such drugs can cause severe bleeding.

How strong can the bleeding be

Vessels can be damaged in different parts of the nose, it depends on this factor how abundant the stream will be. If the front of the nose is damaged, then the blood comes from one nostril, while the other remains dry. In front of the nose there are many small and narrow capillaries that tend to clog quickly. In this case, bleeding is usually short-lived and blood loss is small. This type of bleeding occurs in almost 90% of all cases, especially in children under 7 years of age. The cause may be inaccurate blowing your nose or picking your nose too actively.

If the middle or back of the nose is damaged, then the situation is more complicated. In this case, the outflow of blood is observed from a large artery, so there may be significant blood loss. Such bleeding is difficult to determine immediately, since at first the blood flows down the back wall of the larynx, and the baby simply swallows it. At a certain period, this ends with bloody vomiting or bloody diarrhea, and only in this case, the parents discover the problem. Usually by this time the baby has already lost a lot of blood. As a result, young children may experience characteristic symptoms:

extraneous noise in the ears;
dizziness;
nausea;
abnormal weakness;
lowering blood pressure and increased heart rate;
dyspnea.

With this type of bleeding, blood can also enter the lower respiratory organs. The causes of these types of bleeding are trauma to the head and nose, as well as high blood pressure in a child.

The rate of bleeding from the nose can also be different. It should be borne in mind that small children do not tolerate blood loss well. If only 50 ml of blood leaked out from the crumbs, this is equivalent to the fact that an adult has lost about a liter of blood..

If the nose bleeds only once and quickly stops, then there is no reason to worry. But if bleeding is frequent and the flow is plentiful, then an urgent consultation with a doctor is necessary.

How to stop nosebleeds

If a child starts bleeding from his nose, it means that he needs urgent help. This condition cannot be ignored, as the consequences can be serious. To stop bleeding, you need to follow these recommendations:

to begin with, the child should be reassured, since worries and panic can only increase nosebleeds. To do this, you need to distract the baby to a toy or tell him something interesting;
you need to tell the child that you need to breathe calmly. With too active inhalations and exhalations, bleeding always increases;
the baby is seated on a bed or on a chair, while his head should be slightly tilted forward;

It is unacceptable to throw the child's head back with nosebleeds. This can cause blood to enter the lower respiratory organs.

It is necessary to unbutton the child's shirt collar and remove all clothing that interferes with normal breathing. It is desirable to provide access of fresh air to the room. To do this, you need to open a window or window.
As a first aid, an ice pack or just something cold is placed on the bridge of the nose of the baby, previously wrapped in a cotton napkin.
To treat bleeding in the nose, you can enter a cotton or gauze turunda soaked in a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide. Next, the nostrils are pressed a little and held for 10 minutes. Breathe through your mouth during this time.
If all of the above methods did not help eliminate nosebleeds, you need to call an ambulance or take the child to the hospital.

If the cause of bleeding lies in an injury to the nose, or even more so to the head, a doctor should be called immediately. Parents should remember that some conditions pose a great threat not only to health, but also to the life of the baby.

If the child suffers from hemophilia, then even with relatively light bleeding, a doctor should be called. These patients require emergency hospitalization.

Treatment

It is impossible to treat nosebleeds, since this pathological condition is not a disease. This is just a symptom of some ailment that needs to be diagnosed, and then only treated.

If the blood from the nose expires due to an infectious disease, then the pathogen is determined and, in accordance with this, medications are prescribed. When the cause lies in chronic pathologies, then drugs are prescribed so that the disease enters the remission stage.

In the event that the cause of bleeding from the nose was his injury, the treatment is carried out by a traumatologist. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to prevent secondary infection.

If the cause of nosebleeds is a head injury, you need to immediately call an ambulance. The consequences of delay or self-treatment can be unpredictable. You should not delay contacting a doctor, even if the child's condition is very disturbed, he is worried about headache and dizziness.

In a hospital setting, a child with severe nosebleeds may receive a blood transfusion.

What Not to Do

There are a number of actions that are strictly prohibited during nosebleeds:

do not tilt the baby's head back or lay him on his back;
you can not raise the legs of the baby above the level of the body;
tilt the child's head back. In this case, the bleeding will only intensify;
quickly change the position of the child.

The cause of nosebleeds can be overheating in the sun. To prevent this phenomenon, children need to wear Panama hats and walk in the summer only in the shade.

If the child rarely bleeds from the nose and this is preceded by cleaning of the nasal passages, then there is nothing to worry about. But if such a pathological phenomenon is observed regularly, then this is a reason to consult a doctor.