Influence of various factors on heart rate at rest. What you need to know about heart rate? Minimum heart rate

Depending on age and physical activity, the heart rate in a healthy adult can change over the years. The heart rate at rest is minimal, since the body in this state does not need additional energy.

A normal pulse for an adult between the ages of 18 and 50 should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute.

About the human pulse

Oxygen enters the organs and tissues of a person with blood flowing through the arteries (blood vessels through which blood is carried from the heart) under a certain pressure - arterial. This causes the arterial walls to oscillate. Direct and reverse, to the heart, the movement of blood also (normally) causes devastation and filling of the veins. Under the influence of blood pressure, erythrocytes (red blood cells) are pushed with force through the capillaries (the thinnest blood vessels), overcoming high resistance; electrolytes (substances that conduct electricity) pass through their walls.

This creates pulse beats that are felt throughout the body, in all vessels. An amazing phenomenon! Although in reality it is a pulse wave - a wave of movements of the walls of pressure vessels, which is very fast and sounds like a short sound. The number of these waves normally corresponds to the number of heart contractions.

How to calculate?

The most accessible way to measure heart rate is by palpation, a manual method based on touch. Fast and simple, it does not require special training.

For the most accurate reading, place your index and middle fingers on the skin surface above the artery and count your pulse for 60 seconds. You can also use a faster method by determining the pulse in 20 seconds and multiplying the resulting value by 3.

The easiest way to determine the pulse is in the wrist area.

Before measuring the pulse, a person should be in a calm position for some time, preferably sitting or lying down. It is better to count at least a minute, otherwise the accuracy may not be sufficient. It is easiest to measure the pulse on your own at the wrist and neck.

To palpate the radial artery, you need to place the palpated hand, preferably the left (as it is closer to the heart), palm up at the level of the heart. You can put it on a horizontal surface. The pads of the index and middle fingers, folded together, straight, but relaxed), put on the wrist or slightly lower. From the side of the base of the thumb, if you press lightly, tremors of blood should be felt.

The carotid artery is also probed with two fingers. You need to look for it, leading along the skin from the base of the jaw to the throat from top to bottom. In a small hole, the pulse will be felt best, but you should not press hard, as pinching the carotid artery can lead to fainting (for the same reason, pressure should not be measured by palpating both carotid arteries at the same time).

Both independent and regular medical measurement of the pulse is a fairly simple but important prevention procedure that should not be neglected.

What to do if the pulse does not match the heart rate?

in the wrist area;
on the inner surface of the elbow;
on the side of the neck;
in the groin area.

However, if your heart rate values do not always match the heart rate. It can be determined by applying a medical phonendoscope to the left half of the chest, approximately at the point of intersection of a vertical line crossing the middle of the collarbone and a horizontal line running through the axillary region. The phonendoscope can be moved to find the point with the best audibility of heart sounds.

In medicine, heart rate is determined using an electrocardiogram, a recording of electrical signals that are generated in the heart and cause it to contract. Long-term heart rate recording for a day or more is carried out using Holter ECG monitoring.

Why does heart rate fluctuate at rest?

The main factors affecting the change in heart rate:

with an increase in temperature and / or air humidity, the heart rate increases by 5 to 10 beats per minute;
when moving from a lying position to a vertical one, the heart rate increases in the first 15-20 seconds, then returns to its original value;
heartbeat increases with tension, anxiety, expressed emotions;
in overweight people, the heart rate is usually higher than in people of the same age and sex, but with a normal body weight;
with fever, an increase in temperature by 1 degree is accompanied by an increase in heart rate by 10 beats per minute; there are exceptions to this rule, when the heart rate does not increase so much, these are typhoid fever, sepsis, and some variants of viral hepatitis.

Reasons for the slowdown

First of all, you need to make sure that the measurement of the pulse is carried out technically correctly. Heartbeats less than 60 per minute are not always associated with health problems. It can be caused by medications such as beta-blockers.

A rare heartbeat (up to 40 per minute) is often observed in physically active people or professional athletes. This is because their heart muscle contracts very well and is able to maintain normal blood flow without extra effort. Below we provide tables that allow you to roughly determine the physical fitness of a person by his heart rate at rest.

Cardiac diseases such as coronary heart disease, endocarditis, myocarditis, as well as some other diseases - hypothyroidism (insufficient hormonal activity of the thyroid gland) or an imbalance of electrolytes in the blood can lead to a slow heartbeat.

Reasons for the increase

The most common cause of accelerated heart rate is inadequate rest before measurement. It is best to measure this indicator in the morning after waking up, without getting out of bed. You should also make sure that the pulse count is correct.

Children and adolescents have a higher heart rate than adults. Other factors that increase heart rate:

use of caffeine or other stimulants;
recent smoking or drinking alcohol;
stress;
high blood pressure.

Most diseases increase the heart rate, including fever, congenital heart defects, hyperthyroidism.

Heart rate tables by age

To find out if your heart rate is normal for healthy people, it should be measured and compared with the indicators presented in the table by age. In this case, a deviation from the specified standard will in most cases indicate the unsatisfactory functioning of the vascular walls or the incorrect functioning of the circulatory system as a whole.

For men

Physical state	1 age category	2 age category	3 age category	4 age category	5 age category	6 age category
Table by age for men	18 - 25 years old	26 - 35 years old	36 - 45 years old	46 - 55 years old	56 - 65 years old	65 and older
Athletes	49-55 bpm min.	49-54 beats. min.	50-56 bpm min.	50-57 beats min.	51-56 bpm min.	50-55 beats min.
Excellent	56-61 bpm min.	55-61 bpm min.	57-62 beats. min.	58-63 beats. min.	57-61 bpm min.	56-61 bpm min.
Good	62-65 bpm min.	62-65 bpm min.	63-66 bpm min.	64-67 bpm min.	62-67 bpm min.	62-65 bpm min.
Better than average	66-69 bpm min.	66-70 bpm min.	67-70 bpm min.	68-71 bpm min.	68-71 bpm min.	66-69 bpm min.
Average	70-73 bpm min.	71-74 beats. min.	71-75 bpm min.	72-76 bpm min.	72-75 bpm min.	70-73 bpm min.
Worse than average	74-81 beats. min.	75-81 bpm min.	76-82 beats. min.	77-83 beats. min.	76-81 beats. min.	74-79 bpm min.
bad	82+ beats min.	82+ beats min.	83+ beats min.	84+ beats min.	82+ beats min.	80+ beats min.

A person’s heart rate is affected by his fitness and the habit of frequent loads that require endurance - for example, running medium and long distances, walking, rowing, cycling, swimming. The heart muscle in such athletes is able to pump the same volume of blood in fewer contractions (athlete's heart syndrome).

For women

Physical state	1 age category	2 age category	3 age category	4 age category	5 age category	6 age category
Table by age for women	18 - 25 years old	26 - 35 years old	36 - 45 years old	46 - 55 years old	56 - 65 years old	65 years and older
Athletes	54-60 bpm min.	54-59 bpm min.	54-59 bpm min.	54-60 bpm min.	54-59 bpm min.	54-59 bpm min.
Excellent	61-65 bpm min.	60-64 bpm min.	60-64 bpm min.	61-65 bpm min.	60-64 bpm min.	60-64 bpm min.
Good	66-69 bpm min.	65-68 bpm min.	65-69 bpm min.	66-69 bpm min.	65-68 bpm min.	65-68 bpm min.
Better than average	70-73 bpm min.	69-72 beats. min.	70-73 bpm min.	70-73 bpm min.	69-73 beats. min.	69-72 beats. min.
Average	74-78 bpm min.	73-76 bpm min.	74-78 bpm min.	74-77 beats. min.	74-77 beats. min.	73-76 bpm min.
Worse than average	79-84 beats. min.	77-82 beats. min.	79-84 beats. min.	78-83 beats. min.	78-83 beats. min.	77-84 beats. min.
bad	85+ beats min.	83+ beats min.	85+ beats min.	84+ beats min.	84+ beats min.	84+ beats min.

Movement helps to train the blood organs; cardio loads (from the Greek kardio, heart) with regularity significantly increase both the length of life and its quality. And they do not require any special means: even an ordinary walk (not even necessarily every day!) Subjectively fast step instead of immobility fundamentally improves the condition.

At any age, it is useful to measure the pulse, the age norm for men in the form of tables will show how healthy your heart is. They provide standards for each age and activity level.

If the heart rate is different from how much the pulse per minute should be in men, then you need to take care of your health, make sure that there are no stressful situations.

The pulse is called jerky rhythmic oscillation of the arteries, capillaries in response to the heartbeat. Usually measured arterial pulse, which is created by a change in the volume of blood vessels during the working cycle of the heart. During the contraction of the ventricles, the walls stretch, during relaxation they return to their original size.

Heart rate is easy to establish by probing large arteries. There are several places where you can measure your pulse:

The most common is on the inside of the wrist.
On the carotid artery under the lower jaw.
Below the knee.
There are other places (groin, foot, etc.), but the pulse is difficult to find here.

As a rule, the radial artery is used for measurement. It lies at the very bottom of the forearm, near its connection with the wrist joint. The radial artery is ideal for measuring heart rate, as it is close to the surface and is supported from below by the radius, making the vessel easy to palpate.

Important! To measure the heartbeat, the arm should be relaxed.

2-3 fingers are placed on the vessel and the pulse is felt without exerting strong pressure. At the same time, the characteristics of the pulse are analyzed: frequency, rhythm, tension, magnitude and filling. When determining these indicators, you can set a lot of cardiovascular pathologies:

tachycardia;
bradycardia;
different kinds ;
extrasystole.

For accurate data, the pulse must be measured for a minute. In this case, it is recommended to start counting the time simultaneously with the first heartbeat. With arrhythmias, for reliability, the calculation period can be increased to two minutes. Under load, the pulse rate in men aged 35 is less than that of the opposite sex, but the difference is small - only 5–7 beats.

The guidelines for any age are as follows:

a normal pulse for a man under 40 and older is 60–90 beats;
with excitement - up to 100;
during training - 115–200, it all depends on the intensity of the exercises.

Possible symptoms of tachycardia

How much should be a normal pulse per minute in men?

In men, the heart rate varies greatly depending on the activity. Most normal in men at night, during sleep, and most of all it accelerates during sports activities (running, lifting weights).

In addition, a person's fitness is of great importance. With constant training, the pulse drops sharply, the norm for men who play sports is 20–30% lower. This is due to the fact that as a result of training, the volume of the heart increases, which allows it to pump more blood per unit of time and contract less often.

At rest

The normal pulse at rest in a man is 60–80 beats per minute. You should know that heart rate can only be determined if at least 20-40 minutes have passed since the last workout or strength work (depending on intensity).

In addition, sports training has a huge impact. The usual level for trained people is 50-55 beats per minute, but for some sports, the heart rate is even lower - 30-35. It should be noted that the resting heart rate in men does not change with age.

When walking

The normal pulse when walking in men varies depending on the person's fitness and age. In athletes, it may not cross the barrier of 90 beats, and in lazy people at the age of heart rate sometimes rises to 110–120. It is easy for a man to calculate the maximum limit of the norm; for this, you need to subtract your age from 180.

When running

To calculate the upper normal, a man needs to subtract his age from 220. To reduce weight during training, it is necessary that the heart rate approach its maximum value. To improve your health, it is enough to reach a level of 60-70% of the upper value of the normal heart rate when running in men.

Here you need to clearly understand the difference between the normal heart rate during training for men and the maximum allowable.

The norm is the recommended values, beyond which it is undesirable for sports fans to go. However, professional athletes often achieve peak heart rates that are much higher than average.

The table below describes the norms of the pulse during exercise in men by age. In the central column - recommended norms, in the right - the maximum allowable figures for athletes by age.

Age	Averages	Maximum
20	130-160	200
25	127-156	195
30	124-152	190
35	120-148	185
40	117-144	180
45	114-140	175
50	111-136	170
55	107-132	165
60	104-128	160
65 and up	98-120	150

At night

The pulse at night is normal in men drops to 50 and below. However, this is not entirely true, since the heart rate fluctuates greatly depending on the activity of the brain. Sleep consists of slow and fast phases, in the first there are also superficial and deep sleep. The slow and fast phase forms a cycle that lasts about 90 minutes. Normally, a person goes through 4-6 cycles per night.

The pulse reaches its minimum value in the phase of superficial slow sleep. In the deep stage, it rises and reaches its peak in REM sleep. In this case, the heart rate may even be higher than during wakefulness. Thus, the pulse at night rhythmically changes its frequency depending on the stage of dreams.

The ratio of heart rate at rest and during exercise

If you need to compare your indicators with what pulse is considered normal in men, then it is necessary to analyze not only the heart rate during rest or training, but also the ratio of these parameters to each other. To do this, at any age, a Ryuffier test is performed.

First, the pulse is determined at rest in a sitting position, these data are used in variable A. Do 30 deep squats in half a minute. Then measure the heart rate in the standing position immediately after the exercise, this indicator is recorded in B. One minute later, the pulse is measured again and the value in variable C is used.

The formula for the Ruffier index for any age is: [ (A+B+C) - 200] /10

A man should evaluate the result as follows:

Ruffier index less than 0 is an excellent indicator;
from 1 to 5 - good;
from 6 to 10 - satisfactory;
from 11 to 15 - unsatisfactory;
more than 15 is an extremely bad indicator.

Age norms

The pulse fluctuates with age, in childhood the heartbeat is higher, and with age it slows down. This happens due to the fact that in young children the metabolism is much more active, as the young person grows.

It is worth noting that in old age there is a slowing of the heartbeat. However, this phenomenon must be assessed as a pathological phenomenon, since at the age of 60, the normal pulse rate for a man remains the same - 60–90 beats.

For the young

Young people have a higher heart rate, because their body is growing, and for this, the metabolism must be greater. The table below shows the heart rate norms by age for men.

For middle age

The pulse rate in men from 30 to 50 fluctuates rather weakly. This is due to the fact that there are almost no changes in metabolism. Of course, it all depends on the fitness of the body of a particular person. However, a normal pulse in a 30-year-old man is no different from a heart rate in 20 or 40 years.

For the elderly

In old age, blood pressure increases very much, but the normal pulse in a man of 60, 70 or 80 changes rather slightly. However, here the norm is highly dependent on the individual.

Sports fans need not worry if a normal pulse in a man at the age of 50 does not differ from the age of thirty.

The table shows the norm for age:

pivot table

In the table below, you can see what a normal pulse is for a person at 55 years old and for younger men.

Age	Dream	peace	Walking	Run	Training
Youths	50-60	60-90	110-130	120-190	160-200
20-29	50-60	60-90	135-145	130-170	160-200
30-39	50-60	60-90	125-135	120-160	150-190
40-49	50-60	60-90	115-125	110-150	145-185
50 and above	50-60	60-90	100-115	100-145	130-150

Types of heart rate disorders

A decrease or increase in the number of strokes at any age indicates disorders in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, with such a symptom, it is necessary to take care of your health, otherwise, with age, the pathology will develop, the problems will become more serious.

It is important to know two pathological types of pulse:

Tachycardia - acceleration of heart rate.
Bradycardia is a slow heart rate.

There are physiological causes of tachycardia:

strong pain;
stress;
physical overload;
cold;
medicines.

The pathological causes of tachycardia are as follows:

increase in pressure;
diseases of the autonomic nervous system;
neoplasms;
diseases of the heart muscle;
hormonal disruptions;
bacterial and viral pathologies;
blood loss.

The normal pulse of a man changes not only from strength work, but also in a natural way (due to mental agitation, overeating, cold). In this case, the heartbeat returns to normal when the influencing factors disappear. In the presence of vegetovascular dystonia, not only tachycardia, but also rhythm disturbance can be observed, however, in the absence of stress, the heart rate in men returns to normal in 20-40 minutes.

Healthy heart and heart with bradycardia

What to do if the heart rate does not match the average values?

Physiological types of tachycardia and bradycardia do not need treatment; at any age, it is enough to eliminate the causes of heart rate disturbances. Pathologies need therapy, which depends entirely on the type of disease and age. However, at home, a man can take some measures so that the pulse returns to normal.

With tachycardia, first of all, you need to calm down, stop physical activity. To quickly eliminate tachycardia and return to normal, a man can independently take the following drugs at any age:

Valerian tincture. The dosage is 20-30 drops 3-4 times a day. The advantage of the drug is a mild antispasmodic effect. In addition, drops have a complex effect: they reduce heart rate, reduce pressure, and relieve vasospasm.
Motherwort tincture. Has a stronger sedative effect. The dosage is 30-50 drops 3-4 times a day. The remedy eliminates arrhythmia, reduces pressure and vascular tone. Sometimes an allergic reaction is observed to the drug.

If the heartbeat is not lower than 50 beats per minute, then it is better to do with natural ways to return the pulse to normal. A man can drink strong coffee, perform light physical exercises in the fresh air.

With bradycardia, it is better to take belladonna tincture. The tool contains atropine, but acts more gently. To relieve symptoms, 5-10 drops are enough, but in severe cases, the dosage can be increased to 20 drops.

With a serious decrease in heart rate, atropine should be taken. It is used in the form of a 0.1% solution for subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.5 ml, if necessary, the volume of the drug can be increased to a milliliter.

Useful video

From the following video you can find out useful information about the human pulse:

Conclusion

The heart rate varies greatly depending on fitness and overall activity level.
In adults, the norm is 60-70 beats, but the heart rate can increase to 80-90. When walking, the rate of heart rate in men increases by 25-30%, and with serious strength work - by 200-300%.
To return the heart rate to normal with tachycardia, take motherwort or valerian tincture, with bradycardia - belladonna tincture or atropine.

The pulse is called the periodic tremors of the walls of the arteries associated with the cardiac cycle.

According to this indicator, one can judge deviations or their absence in the work of the human body.

Sometimes an experienced doctor can suspect the presence of a particular disease, only by feeling the patient's pulse.

In addition to the following factors, when measuring the pulse, other factors are also taken into account: its value (the sum of the total assessment of tension and filling), height, shape. But they are already observed by a doctor if there are certain indications. Some of these characteristics can be precisely determined only with the help of special instruments.

When measuring this indicator, the following factors should be taken into account:

Frequency- the number of beats for a certain period of time (usually per minute). In an adult, the norm is 60-90 vibrations in 60 seconds.
Voltage- the level of resistance of the artery during clamping. This indicator should be moderate - for example, with hypertension, the vessel is difficult to compress, and with a sharp drop in pressure, a slight pressure is enough to make the pulse disappear. The voltage is determined by pressing the vessel with the fingers until the pulsation stops for pumping blood. The more effort you need to make for this, the higher the blood pressure and, accordingly, the tension of the pulse.
Filling The amount of blood in an artery during a heartbeat. This factor is moderate (complete) in a healthy person, poor filling - in the presence of infectious or heart diseases. Equally bad as a barely palpable pulse, and too aggressive.
Rhythm are the intervals between the oscillations of the vessel walls. The tremors may or may not be rhythmic (arrhythmic). The norm of the pulse is the same intervals of cardiac impulses.
Symmetry- Identity of heart waves on both limbs. To assess this factor, it is necessary to measure the fluctuations of the vessel walls simultaneously on the right and left hand. The norm is a symmetrical pulse. If on one of the sides there is a delay in tremors, this indicates the presence of some kind of disease - a tumor or heart disease.

Pulse measurement is carried out in various ways. The simplest of them is the use of a heart rate monitor. This device is small in size, similar to a clock. It is worn on the wrist, after which sensitive sensors determine the intensity of the heartbeat.

The received data is displayed on a small screen. Thanks to this, the owner of the device will be aware of his physical condition and will be able to regulate the intensity of the loads.

Such sensors are built into some simulators, as well as electronic tonometers - in addition to reading blood pressure, they determine the pulse rate, and some even show an indication of arrhythmia, as well as indicators of movement and the correct position of the body during measurement.

The pulse can also be measured manually, without the use of devices. The procedure is carried out on the arteries closest to the skin, radial, carotid, brachial, femoral, popliteal, temporal. To do this, use three fingers of one hand - index, middle and ring - to feel the pulsation of the radial artery of the other hand.

All three fingers should be in line, just above the thumb. With light pressure on the artery, each of them should clearly feel the pulse wave. After that, you should notice the time and start counting the number of oscillations of the vessel walls. The pulse rate will be the number of pulses of blood that will occur within 1 minute.

Many factors can influence heart rate indicators, among them:

floor- in women, on average, the pulse rate is 7 beats higher than in men. This is due to the fact that the female heart is smaller in size, therefore, in order to pump an equal volume of blood, it has to contract more often;
season and ambient temperature- in a tropical climate, the heartbeat quickens, so people suffering from hypertension are not recommended to relax in hot countries with high humidity. Accordingly, cold can slow down blood flow and other body functions;
physical exercise- after playing sports, hard work and intimacy, the heart begins to beat faster;
emotional condition- any emotions (whether sad or joyful) cause heart palpitations;
eating and water activities;
overweight;
body position- in the supine state, the pulsation is more rare;
infectious or viral disease- with an increase in body temperature by 1 degree, the pulse rate increases by 10 beats per minute. Also, this often happens when the body is poisoned;
in women, this indicator can be influenced the presence of "critical" days;
age- in newborns, the blood pulsation rate can be 140 beats per minute - an adult with such indicators is diagnosed with tachycardia.

As the data from the table show, as a person grows older, his pulse slows down, and in old age it begins to quicken again. There is evidence that before the onset of physical death, the heart rate (HR) reaches 160 beats per minute.

Heart rate - the norm in adult heart rate

Older people are often interested in heart rate (normal in adults), heart rate (normal in adults).

In cases where the heart rate does not reach the minimum, the specialist can diagnose bradycardia.

Depending on the causes that caused it, two forms are distinguished - pathological and functional. The first, in turn, is divided into extracardiac and organic forms.

The causes of extracardiac pathology can be neuroses, increased cranial pressure with meningitis, contusion, edema or brain tumors, gastric and duodenal ulcers.

The organic form can cause myocardial infarction, cardiosclerosis, myocarditis.

A toxic variety of bradycardia develops with obvious intoxications in hepatitis, sepsis, typhoid fever, poisoning with substances containing phosphorus.

Functional bradycardia is observed in a healthy person during sleep, as well as in professional athletes - in some, the pulse can reach 40-45 beats per minute. This is explained simply: with constant increased loads, the heart learns to work in an “economical” mode. After the end of a career in sports, the readings return to normal.

Symptoms of bradycardia are:

dizziness;
weakness;
cold sweat;
fainting and semi-conscious state;
fast fatiguability;
chest pain;
labored breathing;
unstable blood pressure;
disorders of thinking and memory.

If such symptoms are not observed with a rare pulse, then we can talk about functional bradycardia - this condition occurs infrequently and, as a rule, passes quickly. If the pulse pulses constantly show low parameters, this can cause heart failure.

Natural aging processes can lead to bradycardia - it is often impossible to find out the causes of deviations in older people. Such cases are defined as idiopathic form.

Often, young people also show interest in heart rate (the norm in adults). The heart rate of the norm in adults sometimes significantly exceeds. The reverse of bradycardia is a too frequent pulse, reaching 100 beats per minute in an adult. is called tachycardia.

With an acceleration of the heartbeat, the organ is forced to work "for wear and tear" and can quickly become unusable. In addition, this disrupts blood circulation, which is fraught with the receipt of an insufficient amount of oxygen by various organs and tissues of the body.

Too fast a pulsation rhythm can cause the following factors:

abuse of alcohol, smoking and caffeinated drinks;
taking certain medications;
violation of the thyroid gland;
damage to the heart muscle due to heart disease;
diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).

Varieties of tachycardia include atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation - in both cases, the heart rhythm goes astray, the ventricles contract randomly.

At times, this leads to death.

Tachycardia can also be functional and pathological. The first form is caused by environmental conditions - a stuffy room, coffee abuse, fast running, a hot climate, etc.

The causes of pathological tachycardia are diseases of various systems or organs of the human body.

By type, sinus tachycardia is distinguished, in which the rhythm of the heartbeat is disturbed due to increased activity of the nerve sinus node, and ectopic - proceeding in the form of seizures.

This disease does not include accelerated fluctuations in the walls of arteries in newborns.

Heart rate (normal in adults), heart rate (normal in adults), changes in pulse can be detected by an electrocardiogram (ECG). In some cases, Holter monitoring may be necessary - with this method, the cardiogram records every movement of the heart during the day. At this time, the patient lives his normal life - moves, goes to work and the gym, does housework.

During the procedure, adhesive electrodes connected to a special device are attached to the patient's body. The device weighing 0.5 kg is worn on a belt over the shoulder or attached to the belt. Data recording is carried out for 24 hours or more.

During the study, the patient needs to keep a diary, which records all changes in physical activity, time of rest and taking pills, possible outbursts of emotions, feelings of pain or discomfort in the heart during various events or activities.

In some cases, a treadmill test is used - a diagnostic method carried out on a special treadmill under the supervision of a doctor, which evaluates various indicators of heart function during exercise.

Functional forms of cardiac arrhythmia do not require therapeutic treatment. With bradycardia, it will be enough to drink a cup of coffee so that the pulsation returns to normal. Weakness and dizziness in this case are easily eliminated by preparations with ginseng root, eleutherococcus, belladonna, ephedrine, caffeine.

With tachycardia, it is possible to prescribe sedative (calming) drugs for course treatment. In such cases, Valocordin, Corvalol, tincture of valerian or motherwort are used. Well help herbal decoctions and herbal teas, which include mint, valerian, motherwort, hawthorn, peony, lemon balm.

The fight against changes in heart rate necessarily includes quitting smoking. Nicotine causes vasoconstriction, which causes the heart to work at greatly increased loads.

In no case should you self-medicate. Drugs should be taken only on the advice of a doctor and in the doses determined by him. Failure to comply with these measures can lead to catastrophic consequences.

The rate of heart beats per minute in men and women

The normal heart rate can vary from person to person. This indicator will depend on the physiological characteristics of the individual (height and weight), fitness level, age, the presence or absence of chronic diseases and the frequency of emotional upheavals.

The average rate of heart beats per minute for men and the rate of heart beats per minute for women will be different. In the strong half of humanity, it is 60-80 rhythmic shocks per minute in a calm state.

However, for a frequent visitor to the gym, the pulse may not exceed 50 bpm. This is explained by the fact that the trained athlete's heart contracts less often, makes fewer movements. Swimming, skiing, running are excellent for achieving such goals.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the pulse does not exceed the maximum limits. This figure is easy to calculate - subtract the number of full years from 220.

However, even in a frequenter of the fitness center, fluctuations in the walls of blood vessels become more frequent when the temperature of the body or the environment rises, for example, in a steam room. The same happens in stressful situations and the use of alcoholic beverages.

It has long been proven that the rate of heart beats per minute in men and the rate of heart beats per minute in women are slightly, but different.

Firstly, as already mentioned, the female heart is smaller, so it has to contract more often. Secondly, ladies are more emotional creatures, and their heart begins to beat faster even for such an occasion, when a man does not even think to worry. The reason may be a new bag model or an extra 200 g on the scales.

For women, a normal heart rate will be 60-80 beats per minute. However, there are nuances here too - it's one thing to measure the indicator of an average office employee, and quite another - for a young active lady who prefers shopping in the park to shopping.

It is clear that in the latter case, the trained heart will “give out” a smaller figure - approximately 50-60 beats / min. At the same time, even a stressful state will not make this value exceed 100-110 shocks in 60 seconds.

A separate topic is the pulse of a pregnant woman. It is inappropriate to draw analogies between the rate of heart beats per minute in men and the rate of heart beats per minute in women.

During this period, a cardinal restructuring of all functions takes place in the body. Especially often the pulse quickens in the first and third trimesters. In the first, this is due to the transformation of the hormonal background and possible toxicosis, in the latter, the fact that the baby has already grown up, and the mother's heart has to distill more blood.

Permissible pulse rates in a pregnant woman should not exceed 110-120 beats per minute. At the same time, the expectant mother should not experience discomfort - lack of air or chest pain.

To calm the beating of the heart, a pregnant woman can do the following:

lie down on a flat surface and relax;
drink a glass of water in small sips;
go out into the fresh air;
wash with cold water;
inhale deeply and slowly and exhale slowly.

A slow pulse is rarely observed in women in an "interesting" position. Children of such mothers are sometimes born with insufficient weight or hypoxia.

If an infrequent heartbeat does not cause trouble for a woman, then she should walk more, drink more green tea, rest more often and sleep more, and also review her diet.

Own indicators in children. For newborn babies, a rather large range is considered the norm - from 110 to 170 beats per minute. Ideally, if this figure does not exceed 140.

Up to a year, the values almost do not change. Then the child begins the phase of active growth (1-6 years), so his pulse can be from 90 to 150.

During the period of elementary school (6-12 years old), the norm will be 75-115 bpm. After that, a sharp slowdown of the pulsation begins - at 12-15 years old, the rate does not exceed 55-95 beats / min.

Starting from this age - 15 years - the heartbeat will be considered according to the norms of an adult: 60-90 beats / min.

The number of heart beats per minute is normal

A high pulse is observed during physical and emotional stress, when in a stuffy room, in hot weather, and an increase in body temperature.

However, the causes of a high rhythm can mean the presence of certain ailments:

heart diseases;
disruption of the endocrine system;
emphysema (lung disease).

Among other things, taking certain medications provokes a rapid heartbeat.

These can be hallucinogens, antidepressants, diuretics, vasoconstrictors for the common cold, cardiac glycosides, aphrodisiacs, and, of course, drugs.

A high pulse can occur after eating certain foods, coffee, tea, fatty foods, with a lack of vitamins.

Anyone who cares about their well-being and often measures the pulse knows their number of heartbeats per minute. The norm at rest in healthy people should not be more than 90 beats in 60 seconds.

Exceeding this indicator in most cases means a mild degree of tachycardia. But there are exceptions: for some individuals, a pulse over 90 may be a physiological feature of the body that does not bother them at all and does not cause the slightest inconvenience.

An overestimated number of heart beats per minute is the norm for them, and a figure less than this indicator can serve as an alarm signal.

You can determine the allowable load on the body using a simple experiment:

count your pulse at rest;
Sit down 20 times, stretching your arms forward;
check the pulse again.

If the increase in pulse waves was 25% or less, the result is perfect and the heart is well trained; 25-50% - good, this can be considered the norm; 50-75% - low fitness.

When the figure shows more than 75% of the increase, then one can suspect the presence of cardiovascular pathologies - the resulting number of heart beats per minute is far from being the norm. In this case, it is worth starting to worry and schedule a visit to the doctor.

Also, the symptoms of tachycardia and bradycardia should not be neglected - a rapid heartbeat leads to rapid wear of the main organ, and a slow one - to tissue hypoxia.

You should start taking care of your health as early as possible - at least once a year, undergo a medical examination to be sure of the normal functioning of the body.

Those whose age has exceeded 45 years should be especially careful - the body cannot fully withstand negative environmental factors and adequately respond to stressful situations.

All this contributes to the violation of heart rate and provokes the development of heart failure. That is why it is so important to control your pulse and visit a doctor on time.

Lab #1

Topic "Assessment of the state of the cardiovascular system"

The cardiovascular system, carrying out a constant circulation of blood in the body, must provide the necessary level of metabolic processes in organs and tissues. This is achieved if the blood moves through the capillaries at a certain volumetric velocity.

The formation of this speed depends on two oppositely directed influences:

1. The heart, rhythmically pumping blood from the venous system into the arterial system, creates a pressure difference at the beginning and end of the vascular system, which sets the blood in motion. The more blood the heart pumps per unit of time (minute volume of the heart), the greater the pressure difference at the beginning and end of the vascular system and the greater the volumetric blood flow velocity.

2. The blood flow experiences a certain inhibition due to the resistance of the vascular system, the viscous properties of blood, the friction of its particles against the walls of blood vessels and each other, etc. The greater the resistance to blood flow, the lower its volumetric velocity.

In healthy people in a calm state, all these values are more or less constant. Deviation from the norm of any of them indicates a change in the hemodynamics of the body.

The most accessible and convenient for assessing the state of the cardiovascular system at rest are the values of heart rate and arterial blood pressure.

Pulse(lat. - pulsus) is a jerky oscillation of the artery wall caused by the contraction of the heart.

The pulse rate corresponds to the number of pulse waves, or the number of heartbeats per minute. In an adult at rest, the pulse is 60-80 per minute, and in women it is somewhat more frequent than in men, and averages 72-80 per minute. In children under 5 years of age, the pulse reaches 100 beats per minute.

A pronounced increase in the pulse occurs with physical stress, mental arousal. A rare pulse - up to 44 - 60 per minute - is observed in well-trained athletes.

A rapid pulse (more than 90 beats) corresponding to an accelerated heart rate is called tachycardia, rare (less than 60 per minute) - bradycardia.

Rhythm of the pulse respectively heart activity can be right(rhythmic), when all pulse waves have the same size and the gaps between them are equal. The rhythm of the pulse can be disturbed due to a change in the magnitude of the pulse waves and the difference in the intervals between them - such a pulse is called wrong(arrhythmic).

arterial blood pressure is directly dependent on both the amount of blood pumped by the heart per unit time, and on the resistance to blood flow. Arterial blood pressure is formed in the body as a dynamic process. It undergoes regular fluctuations due to the intermittent flow of blood from the heart to the arterial system and the elastic properties of arterial vessels.

The ratio between the resistance to blood flow in the system and the elasticity of the arterial vessels is such that when the heart rapidly ejects the next portion of blood into the aorta (systolic ejection of the heart), only a small part of the energy is expended by the heart to impart translational motion to the blood. The rest of the energy is used to stretch the walls of the arteries that receive blood.

The highest value of arterial blood pressure, which is reached during the systole of the heart, is called the maximum, or systolic pressure. In an adult, it is equal to 100 - 130 mm in the aorta. rt. Art. During the period of diastole of the heart, when blood does not enter the arterial system, but only flows out of it under the influence of the pressure of the walls of the arteries, the blood pressure in the arteries falls. Immediately before the next systolic ejection of blood from the heart into the aorta, it reaches its lowest value and is called the minimum, or diastolic pressure. In humans, it is 60 - 80 mm. rt. Art.

The difference between the maximum and minimum blood pressure values is referred to as the pulse pressure. Pulse pressure reflects the capacity of the vascular system and is proportional to the volume of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart. At rest, it should be in the range of 40 - 50 mm Hg. Art.

Pulse fluctuations in blood pressure in the arterial system are most pronounced in the immediate vicinity of the heart, gradually fading along the arterial bed and completely disappearing in the area of arterioles and capillaries.

Flowing through the vascular bed, the blood gradually wastes energy to overcome the resistance to its movement, and the pressure gradually drops. The drop in blood pressure along the bloodstream occurs unevenly, which is associated with the structural features of the circulatory system.

In large and medium arteries, where the resistance to blood flow is low, the pressure drops slightly (by 10-15 mm Hg). The greatest expenditure of energy (about 80%) occurs in the system of arterioles and capillaries, and arterioles account for 3/4 of this value due to their greater resistance to blood flow (long vessels with a relatively narrow overall cross section). Therefore, in the precapillary region, the pressure already drops to 25-30 mm. rt. Art. The capillaries are much shorter than the arterioles (0.3-0.5 mm), and the total area of their cross section is very large (600-800 times the section of the aorta). At the venous end of the capillaries, therefore, the pressure drops to 8-12 mm. rt. Art.

The pressure continues to fall along the course of the venous bed, approaching atmospheric pressure in the veins located near the chest cavity, and when inhaling, it becomes even lower than atmospheric pressure.

The linear velocity of blood flow is also not the same in different parts of the vascular bed. It varies inversely with the cross section of these areas, since the volumetric velocity of blood flow is the same everywhere. Therefore, in the direction from large arteries to capillaries, it falls (from 40 cm / s in large arteries to 0.5 mm / s in capillaries), and then increases again in veins (in medium-sized veins up to 10 cm / s, in vena cava up to 20 cm/sec).

The given digital material characterizes the hemodynamic parameters characteristic of most healthy middle-aged people in a calm state. These indicators vary greatly under different conditions of life. So, during exercise, the minute volume of the heart reaches 35 liters per minute instead of 4 liters per minute in a calm state. Blood pressure under these conditions, as well as during emotional stress, can reach a level of 180 mm. rt. Art.

Purpose of the research: to assess the functional state of students at rest.

Equipment: apparatus for measuring blood pressure, phonendoscope, clock with a second hand.

W o rk p o rk

Determination of heart rate.

The pulse is most often determined on the radial artery, temporal artery or carotid artery in 10 second intervals.

When determining the pulse on the radial artery, the arm of the subject should be in a comfortable half-bent position, excluding muscle tension. With your hand, grasp the area of \u200b\u200bthe wrist joint of the subject so that the thumb is located on the back of the forearm. With the remaining fingers on the front surface of the joint, press the artery against the radius.

Having determined the pulsation of the artery, they begin to study the characteristics of the pulse: its frequency, rhythm, which depend on the work of the heart, tone and condition of the vessel wall.

Evaluation of results:

To determine the heart rate per minute, it is necessary to multiply the obtained pulse values by 6. Normocardia corresponds to a heart rate of 60 to 80 beats per minute. If the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute - bradycardia, above 80 beats - tachycardia.

P pulse is considered rhythmic when the number of beats in 10 seconds differs from the previous measurement by no more than one beat (for example: 12, 12, 11). The pulse is considered arrhythmic- when the number of beats in 10 seconds differs from the previous measurement by 2 or more beats (for example: 10, 12, 10).

HR stands for heart rate. heart rate- This is a certain number of contractions that the heart makes in a minute of time.

The average heart rate during a person's stay at rest fluctuates from 60-80 strokes per minute- This indicator is the norm. Often this indicator can exceed the threshold of 100 beats per minute, but usually, this value occurs in middle-aged people who lead a sedentary and sedentary lifestyle.

Athletes who train every day have a minimum heart rate from 28-40 beats per minute. In an untrained person, the heart rate increases faster.

How is heart rate different from pulse?

Heart rate shows how many contractions the lower parts of the heart made in one minute.

Pulse is the number of dilations of the artery at the moment when the heart pushes the blood out. It is also customary to calculate it per minute of time. Blood, passing through the vessels, during the contraction creates a certain bulge in the arteries. Which are perfectly visible to the naked eye or to the touch. Quite often, in healthy people, the pulse rate coincides with the heart rate.

In such cases, the heart rate and HR values will not match. This occurs in the presence of some kind of disease, for example, arrhythmia. In medicine, there is a term that defines this phenomenon - pulse deficit. In such a case, it is necessary to listen to the heartbeat with the help of a phonendoscope.

Norm and table

For adults, the heart rate is considered the norm from 60 to 80 beats per minute.

At rest, the heart rate will differ from the following indicators:

the person's age;
the size of his body;
fitness.

Table:

Age	Heart rate per minute	Age	Heart rate per minute	Age	Heart rate per minute
newborns	135-140	5 years	93-100	11 years	78-84
6 months	130-135	6 years	90-95	12 years	75-82
1 year	120-125	7 years	85-90	13 years	72-80
2 years	110-115	8 years	80-85	14 years	72-78
3 years	105-110	9 years	80-85	15 years	70-76
4 years	100-105	10 years	78-85	16 years	68-72

If a person trains, then his heart rate will be within 50 beats, which is below normal. If a person leads a sedentary and inactive lifestyle, then his heart rate reaches 100 beats at rest.

If we compare this indicator in men and women, then the fair sex has 6 beats more heart rate, and it increases at the time of menstruation. It is considered the norm value, which is 80 beats per minute in a perfectly healthy elderly person. If this figure has increased to 160, this is a harbinger of a serious illness.

When does heart rate change?

Heart rate increases even with the slightest physical exertion. If, upon termination of physical activity, the heart rate is restored to its previous value, then this is a normal process. Sometimes changes in heart rate are very dangerous for the human body. This occurs with diseases, heavy physical exertion, stressful situations, and so on.

The list of diseases that lead to changes in heart rate:

heart diseases;
thyroid disease;
in violation of potassium-magnesium metabolism in the body;
the effect of toxins on the body;
traumatism.

When a stressful situation occurs, the heart immediately begins to beat faster. If the heart is very often subjected to such loads, then this leads to serious diseases.

Also, heart rate changes in professional athletes. Sport in moderation is good for the body. The same cannot be said for professional sports. Most often, heart disease affects people who have previously undergone heavy physical exertion.

Causes of tachycardia and bradycardia

Cardiac tachycardia- This is a special condition in which the frequency of contractions exceeds the value of 90 beats per minute. With this disease, there is a focus of excitability of the heart muscle, in which nerve impulses are produced at high speed. This leads to an increase in ventricular contraction. The nature of the condition directly depends on the magnitude of the lesion.

The causes of tachycardia are as follows:

Physiological causes can be the transferred emotional stress, physical activity, as well as an innate predisposition.

Bradycardia is a type of arrhythmia in which the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. For athletes, this indicator is the norm, and for an ordinary person it is a harbinger of some kind of violation.

Symptoms:

weakness;
loss of consciousness;
throws a person into a cold sweat;
dizziness;
pain in the region of the heart.

Causes of bradycardia:

neurocircular dystonia;
neuroses;
increased intracranial pressure;
peptic ulcer of the stomach, as well as the duodenum.
myocardial infarction;
Myocardid;
Cardiosclerosis.

When myocardial pathways are damaged, part of the impulses cannot reach the ventricles, and bradycardia develops. The cause of bradycardia can be taking medications, also with intoxication of the body. Age-related changes in the body lead to bradycardia. Very often, the causes of bradycardia cannot be determined.

How to correctly determine heart rate in men?

To measure the heart rate of a man should be at rest, and also located in a warm room. An hour before the procedure, it is necessary to exclude physical and emotional stress, and do not smoke. It is forbidden to use drugs and alcohol. For measurement, the patient lies down or sits down. After taking the required body position, five minutes should pass.

The assistant should put his palm on the surface of the chest just below the left nipple. You need to feel the beat of your heart. After that, you need to turn on the stopwatch and start counting heart beats for a minute. If an irregular rhythm is traced, the time must be increased to 3 minutes.

Heart rate can be measured in those places where the arteries are visible on the surface, and the pulse is felt, namely:

on the neck;
at the temple;
on the thigh;
shoulder.

For more accurate results, it is necessary to carry out the procedure on both sides of the body and compare.

Maximum heart rate in men

The maximum heart rate in men is the maximum number of beats that the heart makes in a minute. Very often this value is used by athletes to know what maximum load can be applied.

The maximum heart rate for men can be determined by the following formula:

Maximum heart rate for men = 220 - age.

This value will not be ultra-precise, but approximate.

Age features

The table provides information on how age affects heart rate. These data are taken from a healthy person at rest. Under the influence of certain factors, the heart rate may increase and decrease.

Table:

Age	Pulse min-max	Average value	Normal blood pressure (systolic/diastolic)
			Women	Men
0-1 months	110-170	140	60-80/40-50
From 1 month up to a year	102-162	132	100/50-60
1-2 years	94-155	124	100-110/60-70
4-6	86-126	106
6-8	78-118	98	110-120/60-80
8-10	68-108	88
10-12	60-100	80	110-120/70-80
12-15	55-95	75
Adults under 50	60-80	70	116-137/70-85	123-135/76-83
50-60	65-85	75	140/80	142/85
60-80	70-90	80	144-159/85	142/80-85

The impact of physical activity and products

When the load increases, breathing changes, and the heart rate also increases. When a person performs work that does not lead to fatigue, then the heart rate is in a steady state without changes.

When performing heavy physical exertion, the heart rate constantly rises. The more physical activity, the higher the heart rate rises. With a detailed consideration of this relationship, it is possible to determine the maximum possible load limits.

To do this, at some time intervals, the heart rate is calculated and displayed on a graph. After building the line, a complete picture of the interaction between heart rate and physical activity is visible.

Foods that cause an increase in heart rate are strong tea and coffee, energy drinks, and caffeinated drinks. They are prohibited with rapid heart rate, as they lead to a greater increase in the already high heart rate.

Conclusion

Too high heart rate leads to tachycardia disease, and reduced to bradycardia. When controlling the number of heart rates, it is possible to identify and prevent the development of many diseases in time. Some changes require a doctor's consultation. Be healthy.

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The pulse is one of the most important criteria for human health, it shows the rhythm and heart rate, it can be used to judge the elasticity of blood vessels, the state of the myocardium.

With physical exertion, strong emotions, the heart begins to beat faster, the pulse quickens. In a healthy person, this condition does not last long, within 5-6 minutes the heart rhythm is restored. Not only the frequency of contractions is important, but also their rhythm. Non-rhythmic fluctuations indicate emotional overload, hormonal disorders, coffee abuse.

What determines the normal heart rate:

A decrease in heart rate occurs during a night's rest, in a horizontal position - while this condition is not classified as bradycardia.
The heart rate depends on the time of day, the lowest rates are at night, the pulse begins to increase in the morning, reaching its maximum value by lunchtime.

The heart begins to contract more intensively under the influence of tea, coffee, alcoholic beverages. Some drugs can provoke tachycardia.
Tachycardia always occurs during hard work, sports training.
Rapid heartbeat occurs with strong positive and negative emotions.
If a person has a high temperature, it is hot outside, then the heart rate increases.

In women, the pulse rate is slightly higher than in men. During menopause, there is often tachycardia, which is caused by hormonal fluctuations. The pulse of an untrained person differs from that of athletes; with regular physical exertion, the heart rate becomes lower.

What is a normal human heart rate

Heart rate depends on gender and age, physical fitness, emotional stability.

Table of average heart rate values depending on age

In newborns, the normal pulse is on average 140 beats. As they grow older, the indicators decrease, in adolescence, the average heart rate is 75 beats.

In women, the indicators are higher by an average of 7–8 units. With early menopause, women at the age of 35–40 often begin tachycardia, which does not always indicate the presence of cardiac pathologies - this is how the body reacts to a decrease in estrogen in the blood.

Normal pressure and pulse in an adult is a relative concept; various external and internal factors influence the indicators.

Factors that affect the number of heartbeats in healthy people:

Women are more emotional, so they experience tachycardia attacks more often than men.
During pregnancy, the heart pumps 1.5 liters of blood more. What is the normal pulse of pregnant women? An increase in performance up to 110 beats / min is allowed. When playing sports - up to 140 units. The heart rate increases during early toxicosis.
A stable decrease in performance by 10% is allowed for athletes, people who prefer outdoor activities.
If the sport involves special endurance, then the number of heartbeats can decrease to 45 beats / min.
Tall people have slightly lower heart rates than short men and women.

With a slight increase in heart rate, they can be normalized with drops of hawthorn, peony, motherwort, corvalol.

The heart rate is determined by the pulsating beats in the arteries. They are best felt on the inside of the wrist, since here the skin is thin, the vessels are located close. In case of deviation from the norm, it is necessary to take measurements on both hands. You can feel the pulse in the carotid artery, at the temple, brachial subclavian artery.

To check the heart rate, you need to put 2 fingers on the artery, press a little. In the prone position, the indicators will be somewhat underestimated. To track the dynamics, the measurement should be taken at the same time.

Inspection, measurement of temperature and pulse, history taking are mandatory steps in the initial diagnosis. Any deviations from the norm do not provide accurate information about the diagnosis, they only help the doctor determine the possible causes of poor health.

Pathological tachycardia is often accompanied by dizziness, fainting, which may indicate a violation of the blood supply to the brain. When coronary circulation is disturbed, pain in the sternum occurs. With a rapid pulse, there is often shortness of breath, blurred vision, increased sweating, weakness and tremor of the limbs.

Possible causes of tachycardia:

congenital and acquired malformations of the heart and blood vessels;
intoxication;
chronic respiratory diseases;
oxygen starvation;
hormonal imbalance.

The heart rate often increases in the presence of malignant tumors, pathological changes in the central nervous system, inflammatory processes, fever, and severe pain. In women, the heart may contract more frequently during heavy periods.

Pulse and pressure are not always interconnected, there are some exceptions. With normal blood pressure, an increase in the number of heartbeats can be a sign of VVD, often this happens with severe intoxication or high temperature. Hypertension in combination with a rapid pulse occurs with emotional and physical overwork, endocrine pathologies, problems with the heart and blood vessels.

Hypotension and high heart rate is the most dangerous combination that occurs with serious pathologies. Such indicators are with a large blood loss, cardiogenic shock. The lower the pressure and the faster the pulse, the more difficult the person's condition. In this case, you should immediately call an ambulance.

What does bradycardia indicate?

To assess the state of health, it is necessary to know not only how many beats make up a normal pulse, but also what its sharp decrease may indicate. If a person does not exercise regularly, then his heart rate should not be very low.

Reasons for a decrease in the number of heartbeats:

hypoxia;
chemical poisoning;
meningitis, the presence of a tumor or swelling of the brain, traumatic brain injury;
drug overdose;
blood poisoning, liver damage, typhoid fever.

Pathological bradycardia occurs with a heart attack, inflammation of the myocardium, intoxication. Provoke a decrease in heart rate can high intracranial pressure, ulcers, endocrine disorders, VVD. The pulse is markedly reduced after taking drugs based on digitalis.

A small number of heartbeats at high pressure is often found in hypertensive patients who take beta-blockers.

Independent regular measurement of the pulse will help to recognize problems in the body in time, prevent the development of serious diseases. After 45 years, it is necessary to measure the heart rate - at this age, the vessels begin to lose their elasticity, which affects the work of the heart.

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Why does heart rate change with age?

In a calm state, the ventricle must push a large volume of blood into the aorta in one minute. In newborns, the heart is small, weighs only 20-24 g and is able to push no more than 2.5 ml of blood. In an adult, the heart weighs 200-300 g, in one contraction it is able to push 70 ml of blood. Therefore, in children, it should beat more often.

As the heart mass increases, the pulse becomes slower. In addition, in children under 7 years old, the nerve center that regulates the work of the heart is only developing, and this contributes to an increased heartbeat.

As the child grows and develops, the heart rate also changes. Fine:

If in childhood an increased heartbeat is associated with the growth and development of the child, then in old age this is due to an irreversible physiological process - aging. Therefore, after 60 years, a heart rate of 90-95 beats per minute is considered normal. Indeed, due to aging in the body, irreversible changes occur in the heart muscle, vascular bed:

The ability of the myocardium to contract is reduced due to the fact that the cells are stretched.
The heart can no longer eject the required minimum volume of blood into the aorta.
The number of functioning capillaries decreases. They stretch, become tortuous, the length of the vascular bed increases significantly.
Vessels become less elastic, less necessary substances are transmitted through them to the cells.
The sensitivity of receptors to adrenaline increases, a small amount of it increases heart rate and blood pressure.

The lack of circulation caused by all these changes is compensated by an increased heart rate, and this leads to accelerated wear and tear of the heart. In old age, the ventricles are stretched, sometimes muscle cells are replaced by fat cells, which leads to heart disease. Heart palpitations only aggravate the state of health.

It is important to know! All diseases of the cardiovascular system have become much younger. If 20 years ago a myocardial infarction at the age of 50 was considered something unusual, now 30-year-old cardiac patients with such a diagnosis no longer surprise anyone. To avoid heart disease, you need to monitor your pulse, with the slightest deviation from the norm, you should consult a doctor.

What pulse is considered normal

In an adult, the resting heart rate is 60-80 beats per minute. During physical exertion in an untrained person, it increases to 100. This happens because in order to provide the body with the necessary substances, the minute volume of circulating blood must increase. In a trained person, the heart is able to push the right amount of blood into the aorta in one contraction, so the heart rate does not increase.

Also, the heartbeat increases due to nervous tension. When a person is worried, worried, the sympathetic nervous system is excited, his breathing quickens, and the heart rate increases.

In addition to stress and stress, many factors affect the work of the heart:

In women, heart rate may increase due to hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle, pregnancy.
In men after 40, with violations of testosterone production, irreversible changes occur in the heart muscle.
Excess weight leads to the fact that not only biceps, triceps become decrepit. The smooth muscle of the heart is also replaced by fat cells.
In adolescents, respiratory arrhythmia is considered normal, when the pulse quickens on inhalation, and slows down on exhalation.
Increased heart rate in various diseases. The pulse quickens as the body temperature rises. The pathology of the nervous and endocrine systems has a particularly negative effect on the work of the heart.
In stuffy rooms, at an altitude where there is little oxygen, its lack is compensated by an increase in heart rate.
Excessive consumption of caffeinated drinks, taking drugs that stimulate cardiac activity.
Toxins, salts of heavy metals negatively affect the work of the heart.

Although under loads, a pulse of up to 100 beats per minute is considered normal, but such a heart rate adversely affects the heart, leads to the development of:

ventricular hypertrophy;
arrhythmias;
cardiomyopathy;
myocardial infarction;
heart failure.

Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute also negatively affects health. Indeed, in this case, the heart does not overtake the necessary volume of blood, and all organs begin to suffer from a lack of nutrients and oxygen. And this leads to a variety of diseases, ranging from dysfunction of the endocrine glands and ending with encephalopathy.

In order to live long and not get sick, you should take care of yourself, pay attention if the pulse deviates from the norm. And in order for the heart to beat with the necessary frequency, you need to follow certain rules.

To have a normal pulse

So that the heart does not wear out before the due date, so that it works rhythmically and correctly, up to 100 years at least, nothing special is needed. It is enough to follow simple rules:

To walk outside. This is both physical activity and the body receives the necessary amount of oxygen.
Monitor your weight. Not only malnutrition leads to obesity, body weight increases with diseases of the endocrine system. The weight of an adult, healthy person can vary within a few hundred grams. Weight loss also indicates various pathologies.
Do exercises. Physical activity trains not only the biceps, but also the heart muscle.
Do not smoke, do not abuse alcohol.
You can drink coffee, but only in the morning and in small quantities. Special, small coffee cups are designed not only to be covered with dust in the sideboard.

Well, the most important rule:

Keep your finger on the pulse, if the heart rate deviates from the norm, consult a doctor.

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Normal pulse in an adult

In medicine, there are specific values \u200b\u200bof this indicator, the heart rate norm in adults is formed depending on the age of the person, his state of health. The pulse is a fluctuation of the walls of blood vessels, which occurs due to the contraction of the heart muscle. For different states, its value will be different. This allows doctors, knowing what pulse is considered normal, to evaluate the work of the heart.

The intervals between contractions (pulsations) in a healthy person are always the same, uneven beats - this is a symptom of some kind of disturbance in the functioning of the human body. The average for an adult is 60-90 beats per minute, but there are situations in which there is a short-term change. The main factors include:

stress;

age;

increase in body temperature;

hormonal release.

Pulse - the norm in women

Due to the physiological characteristics of the female body, their heart rate is different from men. As a rule, the rate for girls is 7-10 beats higher than for guys, but this is not a deviation. The pulse is normal in women, provided that she is completely healthy and is in a state of relative rest, is:

Pulse - the norm by age in men

The normal rate for guys is lower than for women by an average of 7-9 strokes. Acceptable values of adult men and children of boys should be distinguished. The measurement of the pulse should be carried out taking into account what the person was doing before, how long ago he ate, the time of day. Each of these factors can trigger higher or lower rates. Below is a table of what pulse is considered normal in men, provided that he is completely healthy:

			Normal blood pressure (systolic/diastolic)

Normal pulse in a child

The children's body grows very quickly, so the indicators of its condition are measured more often. The normal pulse in a child changes along with an increase in height and weight. For example, the norm indicators decrease after 1 month of a child's life. In adolescents (from the age of 12), the values are already the same as in an adult. The following normal values at rest are recognized:

			Normal blood pressure (systolic/diastolic)

From 1 month up to a year

Pulse while walking is normal

This value is influenced by normal, sports or therapeutic walking. Such walks are prescribed by many doctors as a prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. The characteristic of the pulse will change depending on the intensity of the load and age. This is the most sparing sport that does not have an additional effect on the joint, the cardiovascular system.

A normal walking pulse for an adult should be about 100 beats per minute. In an untrained beginner, the value can reach up to 120, which suggests that the patient should not yet take long walks. For years, the norm when walking is:

25 years old - 140;
45 years old - 135;
70 years - 110.

Resting heart rate

This indicator helps in the future to track any changes that will occur with a person. A normal resting heart rate is a reference value for the work of the heart. The heart rate may differ depending on the time of day (in the evening it is higher), the position of the body. To draw up a schedule, it is necessary to measure sitting every day at 10 am. The heart rate of an adult at rest is:

for men - 60-80;
for women - 68-90;
in the elderly - 65;
in adolescents - 80;
children 1-2 years old - 100;
born - 140.

Normal heart rate while running

This is one of the most intense options for the load on the cardiovascular system. Normal heart rate while running corresponds to the goal. For example, in order to lose weight, a person must be in the upper sector of the maximum allowable heart rate while jogging. If the goal is only to strengthen the vessels, then the indicator should be at the level of 60% of the maximum. For a healthy person, the maximum value is calculated using a simple formula: 200 minus your age.

For example, for a 25-year-old guy, the maximum allowable heart rate without harm to the body will be 185 beats. For intensive fat burning, its norm will be 165-170 strokes. If we are talking only about increasing endurance, then the heart rate should be 140-150 beats per minute. At normal pressure, these indicators will be acceptable and will not cause the development of bradycardia, tachycardia.

Normal heart rate during pregnancy

All girls during this period have an increase in pulse waves, which is the norm. Carrying a fetus creates an additional load on the heart, which leads to more active pumping of blood. This fact could not but affect the normal pulse during pregnancy. The number of pulse waves increases by 10-15, the value will be kept at the level of 110 heart beats per minute. If a girl plays sports, her heart rate can rise up to 140.

An increase in the average heart rate will be observed in the second trimester. The maximum values are fixed between 27 and 32 weeks, decreases 4 weeks before delivery. The average during this period will be at the level of 70-80, but in the second half of pregnancy, the value may rise to 85-90. In some cases, due to the additional load, the heart rate rises in the supine position to 120.

Pulse under load - normal

A person should initially record the value at rest. It should be measured by feeling for a vein in the arm or an artery in the neck. This will help you calculate your normal heart rate during exercise. The intensity of activity can be different, for example, when walking, the heart rate does not rise above 100, but running raises the heart rate much higher.

The norm indicator for a person should be calculated individually, but there are average indicators that can be taken as a starting point for comparison, for example:

with a heart rate of 100-130, the load is relatively small for you;
140-150 - average training intensity;
170-190 are the maximum allowable values that cannot be maintained for a long time.

Pulse after eating is normal

Eating affects blood circulation, the heart increases the flow to the stomach, so the heart rate rises slightly. On average, fluctuations from a state of rest are 5-10 beats. In some people, after eating, signs of bradycardia, tachycardia begin, which indicates circulatory disorders or heart disease. Pulse after eating - the norm will be violated when:

diabetes mellitus;
obesity
myocardial pathology;
pathological processes of the stomach;
abnormalities in the thyroid gland.

Normal heart rate during sleep

Day and night heart rate values are different. Normal heart rate during sleep is almost one and a half times lower than daytime. There is a phase of sleep when the heart rate reaches its lowest point - 4 am. For this reason, the highest risk of developing a heart attack occurs in the early morning. This happens due to the activity of the vagus nerve, which inhibits the work of the heart muscle at night. Underestimated pulse waves are also observed in the first hours after awakening.

Keep in mind that for a complete check, you need to measure the indicators on both hands. The heart rate should be the same, if there are differences, then this indicates the presence of circulatory disorders, obstructed blood flow to the limb. This phenomenon occurs when:

stenosis of the mouth of the peripheral artery;
stenosis of the aortic mouth;
arthritis.