Diet for kidney disease. Diet for kidney failure - basic principles and sample menu

The kidneys are one of the busiest organs in the body. They filter up to 2000 liters of blood per day, separating nutrients from urea, creatine and uric acid. The kidneys maintain the water-salt balance of the blood, remove toxins and foreign substances, excess organic and inorganic substances, and also generate the hormones aldosterone and erythropoietin. But when internal or external adverse factors appear, they sooner or later cease to cope with their tasks. In this case, they will be helped by a kidney diet, designed to relieve the load and create conditions for recovery. In medicine, the kidney diet is called treatment table number 7.

diet for kidney failure

Diet in renal failure can be used in particular in acute and chronic nephritis. Its main task is to unload the kidneys, reduce pressure and edematous phenomena, and also to establish the excretion of decay products from the body.

A diet for kidney failure limits proteins, fats and carbohydrates within physiological norms, but meat, fish, mushroom broths, products containing oxalic acid and essential oils are banned. Salt intake is reduced to 3-6 g per day, depending on the doctor's recommendation. Another limitation that the kidney diet puts is free fluid, it can be consumed up to 1 liter per day.

• bread, pancakes and pancakes without salt;
• vegetarian soups with vegetables and cereals, which can be seasoned with butter, sour cream, herbs, citric acid, vinegar, and even sautéed and boiled onions;
• lean meat and fish boiled, steamed or baked;
• milk, cream, dairy products, cottage cheese;
• whole eggs, soft-boiled and yolks;
• pasta and all cereals, except legumes;
• potatoes and most fresh vegetables;
• all fruits and sweets except chocolate;
• sauces based on tomato, milk, sour cream, fruit and vegetable;
• tea, weak coffee, juices, rosehip broth;
• vegetable, ghee and butter.

On the renal diet are prohibited:

• flour products with the addition of salt;
• soups on meat, fish, mushroom broth and with the addition of legumes;
• fatty meats, sausages, sausages, smoked meats and canned food, fatty, salted, canned, smoked fish and caviar;
• cheeses;
• legumes;
• onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, sorrel, spinach, mushrooms, as well as vegetable preparations;
• chocolate;
• strong coffee, cocoa, mineral water;
• lard (limited).

To make it easier for you to navigate, we offer a kidney diet menu for the day.

For the first breakfast, you can cook a soft-boiled egg, buckwheat porridge and tea. For the second breakfast - baked apples. For lunch - vegetarian borsch with sour cream, boiled meat with fried potatoes and dried fruit compote. For an afternoon snack, you can drink a rosehip broth. For dinner, steamed carrot-apple meatballs, noodles with cottage cheese and tea are prepared.

Diet for acute and chronic glomeralonephritis with severe renal failure

This type of diet for kidney disease is even more sparing of the function of these organs of the excretory system.

The rules of the kidney diet are the same as in the previous diet. But this time, food is predominantly plant-based, and foods containing proteins and table salt are sharply limited.

On this diet option for kidney disease, the recommended foods include:

• bread baked with yeast without salt;
• vegetable, potato and fruit soups with onion, sour cream dressing and herbs;
• lean meat is limited to 50-60 g per day;
• milk, cream, sour cream and cottage cheese are limited to 60 g per day, and are consumed only with the exclusion of meat and fish;
• you can add up to 1/2 eggs per day to meals, or eat eggs in the form of omelettes 2-3 times a week;
• sago and limited amounts of rice, as well as protein-free pasta;
• up to 250 g of potatoes and up to 450 g of fresh vegetables per day;
• fruits, berries raw, baked or cooked in the form of jam, jelly, jelly;
• weak tea with lemon, juices, rosehip broth;
• butter, ghee and vegetable oils.

On the renal diet are excluded:

• regular bread with salt;
• all broths except vegetable and sago;
• all meat and fish products other than the recommended lean minimum;
• cereals, pasta, legumes;
• vegetable preparations, as well as all vegetables from the previous prohibited list;
• chocolate, milk jelly and ice cream;
• meat, fish, mushroom sauce, horseradish, mustard, pepper;
• coffee, cocoa, mineral waters with sodium;
• cooking oil.

The rules of the diet for renal colic will depend on the nature of the stones that form in the kidneys. For example, phosphate stones are formed in a predominantly alkaline environment, and urate stones are formed in an acidic environment. This affects the approach to diet.

Renal failure in the understanding of clinicians is a whole complex of nephrotic syndromes that lead to a deterioration in the filtration function of the organ and to the accumulation of toxins in the blood. Diagnosis of a pathological condition is usually not difficult, it requires mandatory laboratory and instrumental studies.

Anna Levina

Nephrologist

Articles written

Based on the analysis data and the patient's medical history, a treatment is drawn up. An important aspect of therapy is the observance of a special diet. Proper nutrition in functional organ failure is the basis for the prognosis for life expectancy and health of patients.

General characteristics of the disease

Renal failure is a set of negative factors that reduce the functionality of the kidney tissues. In addition to the main function, there are others:

• removal of toxic components from the body;
• regulation of blood pressure (abbr. AD);
• the production of a hormonal component, in particular renin, which plays a huge role in the regulation of blood pressure;
• control over the electrolyte composition of the blood;
• production of erythropoietin, a substance that forms red blood cells in the blood.

In nephrotic syndrome, the ability of the kidneys to form urine deteriorates dramatically. Against the background of violations, the water-salt, acid-base balance, and blood pressure are gradually disturbed. In the chronic course of the pathology, all functions deteriorate irreversibly.

Experts distinguish two main forms of pathology: acute and chronic. With a mild acute stage, changes in nephrons can be reversible, while severe stages can lead to the development of multiple organ failure and death of patients due to an increase in acute intoxication.

The chronic form is characterized by slow inhibition of renal functions. It is with chronic renal failure that a lifelong diet and food discipline are required.

Causes

The causes of nephropathies in various stages of the course are multiple, they differ in the forms of the course. Pathology can occur in women and men, as well as in children of any age, regardless of gender.

AKI is characterized by a spontaneous course with a sharp deterioration in the filtration, excretory and secretory functions of the kidneys.

Congenital anomalies in the development of the organ can contribute to the development of PN. Increasingly, such conditions are recorded at a screening examination during a woman's pregnancy.

Symptoms

The form of the course of nephropathy also determines the symptomatic complex. The staging of acute renal failure and chronic renal failure is classified according to the severity and clinical severity of the pathological process.

Signs of acute renal failure

Symptoms of acute functional disorders of the organ depend on the stage of the course of the pathology. Doctors distinguish 4 main degrees of development of acute renal failure:

AKI is characterized by reversibility and the possibility of complete recovery of kidney tissue. However, this is possible only in the case of a slight deterioration in the function of the organ. With severe damage to nephrons, acute renal failure develops into a chronic process with a tendency to periodic exacerbations.

Clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure

CRF is also classified into several stages of development, which are based on a gradual increase in creatinine, urea, impaired water and electrolyte balance, changes in urine density and proteinuria - the appearance of protein in the urine. According to diagnostic criteria, there are:

The patient may feel satisfactory for up to several years. The danger of the last stage of chronic renal failure is the addition of complications from the heart, blood vessels, and liver. The condition is aggravated by constant intoxication of the body.

The main distinguishing feature of CRF in children and adults is the duration of the compensatory stage. In children, this period can reach 8-12 years with a protective regimen and proper nutrition, which is due to a higher resource for health and youthfulness of tissues.

We offer you to watch the program "Live healthy", in which you will learn about the causes and symptoms of kidney failure.

What are kidney diets?

The type of therapeutic nutrition is selected for patients in accordance with the clinical picture. Unfortunately, there is no universal dietary regimen for all patients with renal insufficiency. There are several main known diets prescribed in accordance with the patient's medical history.

Treatment table №6

Table No. 6 according to Pevzner is assigned to normalize metabolic processes, exchange of purines - nitrogenous organic compounds, as well as to reduce the level of uric acid and its decay products - salts. All these tasks lead to alkalization of urine and an increase in the ability of urine to dissolve calculus structures: stones, oxalates, urates.

Table №6E

Diet 6E is intended for the treatment of nephropathies associated with obesity or gouty arthritis. Nutrition is characterized by reduced calorie content, and the daily norm barely reaches 2000 Kcal. When compiling the menu, the allowed daily allowance of proteins is taken into account - 60-70 g, fats - 75-80 g and carbohydrates - 230-250 g.

Table number 7

Treatment table number 7 is aimed at reducing swelling and lowering blood pressure. The ingredients contribute to the removal of residual nitrogen from the body, reduce the symptoms of chronic intoxication.

The basis of the diet is the reduction of daily protein while maintaining the physiological norm of fats and carbohydrates. Daily calorie content does not exceed 2800 kcal. All cooked food should not be salted. There are types of diets:

• Table 7a. The treatment table is prescribed for acute inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. The basic principle is healthy nutrition in the absence of salt and protein restriction to 20 g. The liquid you drink should correspond to daily diuresis.
• Table 7b. The daily protein intake of this diet increases to 40 g per day, and the volume of fluid drunk remains within 1-1.3 liters.
• Table 7c. Nutrition is prescribed for nephrotic syndrome with edema, proteinuria. The daily norm of protein reaches 130 g to replenish the lost component with urine. Along with an increase in protein, salt and liquid are significantly limited to 0.7 liters.
• Table 7g. It is prescribed for patients on hemodialysis or in end-stage renal failure. The menu is based on protein restriction to 60 g, 2-2.5 g of salt and 0.8 l of liquid per day.

The fine line between the amount of daily protein, fats and carbohydrates requires mandatory medical intervention. It is better to entrust the preparation of the menu to a nephrologist or nutritionist in order to avoid painful complications.

Table number 14 for urolithiasis

Urolithiasis is a common cause of nephropathy, so proper nutrition is aimed at reducing stones and is necessary for the removal of stones.

Food ingredients should acidify the urine to quickly dissolve the phosphorus-calcium precipitate and prevent the build-up of residual nitrogen.

salt-free diet

The usual companions of nephropathies of various origins are internal and external edema, high and unstable pressure. That is why salt restriction and adherence to the basics of a healthy diet are recommended.

Excluding additional sodium, patients should remember that salt is contained in a minimum amount in all foods, especially in marine fish and seafood, plant foods.

It is necessary to cancel salt gradually and completely exclude its use in food in 2 weeks. Following the rules of a salt-free diet, it is enough to remember the following nuances:

• eat only self-cooked food;
• the salt shaker must be placed on the table so that households can independently add salt to food after cooking;
• to improve the taste, you can add pepper, tomatoes and other salt-free spices.

Modern dietetics and cooking can significantly improve the taste of dietary dishes, so patients experience virtually no discomfort during the professional transition to medical nutrition. The usual "hospital" meatballs of an unpleasant appearance have long sunk into the past.

salt diet

Another clinical situation is sodium deficiency or hyponatremia. Here, clinicians prescribe salt or mineral water to normalize the water and electrolyte balance in the body.

However, when prescribing a salt diet, a number of the following rules should be followed:

• determination of the daily dose of table salt according to the analysis of electrolytes;
• salting only cooked food before eating;
• uniform distribution of the daily volume of salt.

apple diet

Apple diet is prescribed for kidney disease, which is accompanied by obesity, circulatory disorders in the kidney structures, pathologies of the liver and biliary tract. You need to eat up to 1.5 kg of ripe or baked apples per day.

Protein free diet

A low-protein diet is necessary for intoxication from uremia - an acute retention of nitrogenous components in the body, especially when it is impossible to carry out emergency hemodialysis. The basis of the diet is the restriction of protein to 25 g per day along with an increase in fats and carbohydrates.

The protein component can be replaced with soy protein. The total calorie content of the menu should not exceed 2700 kcal per day. All food is prepared without salt.

Cabbage-potato diet

The cabbage-potato diet is especially effective in oxaluria - excretion of oxalic acid in the urine. During the course of therapeutic nutrition, only cabbage and potatoes are eaten, so the course of treatment with food is no more than 7-10 days. Such nutrition is recommended for ultrasound of the kidneys as a preparation.

oatmeal diet

A decoction of oats not only has a beneficial effect on the kidney tissue, but also contributes to the healing of the whole organism. It is recommended to eat boiled oatmeal per day and drink oat milk in combination with other food ingredients. Oats allow you to eliminate acidosis almost like with the use of absorbent drugs.

Oatmeal broth is drunk on an empty stomach for a long time to reduce the risk of stones and sand in the organs of the genitourinary system.

Watermelons allow you to remove toxins from the kidneys, stop the death of nephrons. The diet is effective at an early stage of PN with the preservation of kidney function, without swelling. The diet is useful for no more than 5-7 days, after which it is important to take a break. Watermelons should be ripe, of high quality, without suspicion of chemical "lure". Such a diet is unacceptable for severe heart failure and severe functional impairment of the kidneys.

Table according to Giordano - Giovanetti

The total calorie content of the diet is 2300-2600 Kcal per day by increasing carbohydrates to 380 g and fats to 130 g. Protein is reduced to a minimum daily dose of 50 g. Daily salt intake is 5 g. Fluid is limited in accordance with the clinical history. In the absence of edema, the daily fluid approximately corresponds to diuresis. It is prescribed for urea clearance less than 0.05 ml / min.

Only long-term and adequate use of a therapeutic diet can achieve stable results in relation to the underlying disease that led to the development of chronic renal failure or acute renal failure. In chronic deterioration of kidney function, the diet is usually lifelong.

Is a high protein diet bad for the kidneys?

A healthy human diet should contain complete protein found in chicken eggs, fish, meat, seafood and red caviar. However, excessive consumption of protein or the use of its physiological norm in renal failure leads to negative consequences.

If healthy kidneys are able to excrete the breakdown products of protein foods, then if the kidney functions are impaired, this process occurs much more slowly or does not occur at all. In this case, there is an accumulation of toxins in the blood, leading to serious violations of the functions of other organs and systems.

If there is an increase in the protein component in food, then it is important to proportionally reduce the amount of carbohydrates and fats consumed. Any diet for weight loss due to protein is important to coordinate with specialists in order to exclude the development of complications.

The potassium-free diet follows the same principles, where it is important to limit all potassium-containing foods, but moderately so as to exclude the development of hypokalemia. Any mono-diet is harmful to the kidneys in the presence of diseases of the digestive system.

Nutrition rules

The main task of dietary nutrition is to prevent the death of kidney tissue cells - nephrons. The only way to create the right balance between saturating the body with useful substances and preserving kidney function is to follow a low-protein diet and limit salt, including its derivatives. The following aspects are considered important:

• gradual decrease in daily protein to 20-80 g (the volume is determined by the stage of the pathological process);
• increase in calorie content should be carried out by increasing daily fat and carbohydrates;
• mandatory inclusion in the diet of fresh fruits, root crops and other vegetables, however, taking into account the protein component;
• cooking by boiling, stewing, steaming.

Doctors recommend that you follow the accuracy of medical instructions, keep nutrition notebooks and carefully record the foods you eat. Of course, not all patients are able to observe such scrupulousness and discipline, however, clinical studies have proven an increase in the duration and quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure and a clear discipline.

In addition to the main restrictions, potassium is excluded from the diet (some exotic fruits: avocados, mangoes, bananas). Excess potassium impairs the functionality of the kidney structures, worsens the results of the diet and disturbs the electrolyte balance.

Diet indications and contraindications

The main indication for nutritional discipline in renal failure is the confirmed diagnosis itself. Proper nutrition is shown to cleanse the kidneys. Clinical dietetics obliges patients to change their usual diet to maintain the quality and length of life.

• children's age up to 3 years;
• pregnancy and lactation in women;
• severe dystrophy;
• severe heart failure;
• general severe condition.

Diet in young children against the background of renal failure is not only ineffective, but also harmful. Children need to grow, develop body weight, so food should be complete, saturated with proteins. The only restriction that applies to children is drinking in the presence of edema.

With 1, 2, 3, 4 degrees of renal failure

Experts divide the nutritional features into stages 1-3 and in the terminal stages of PN.

There are no special differences in stages 1, 2, 3, except for variations in the daily protein in the body. At the late stage of PN, diets are combined with each other according to the analysis data. Patients regularly take blood tests for electrolyte balance. Control sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chlorine.

With long-term adherence to dietary nutrition and adequate symptomatic therapy, it is possible to significantly slow down the course of chronic renal failure, to maintain a stable stage I-III of organ dysfunction for a long time.

With chronic renal failure

In chronic nephropathy, the basis of the therapeutic diet is the menu of table No. 7 or 7c with their alternate use. The average amount of daily protein in chronic renal failure varies from 50 to 70 g, salt is limited to 4 g. General recommendations for the patient correspond to the clearance of creatinine, urea, electrolytes in the blood.

For acute renal failure

The goal of nutrition in acute renal failure is to reduce the load on the renal nephrons, accelerate metabolic processes, eliminate edema (including internal edema), and stabilize pressure. At any stage of ST, the consumption of fat and carbohydrates is moderately reduced, the sodium and protein component are almost completely limited. At the oliguric stage, the daily protein intake is only 20 g. The total calorie content does not exceed 2300 Kcal.

In a serious condition of the patient, it is necessary to recommend limiting protein to 20 g, carbohydrates to 450-500 g, and liquids to 1-2 glasses per day. The total duration of severe restrictions lasts about 1-2 weeks until the patient's condition stabilizes. Over time, nutritional requirements are weakened.

The main principle in nutrition with acute renal failure is protein restriction along with maintaining a high calorie content of meals. This is necessary to prevent the destruction of the body's own tissues and to prevent a strong load on the renal structures.

Products

The appointment of a diet, as well as its periodic correction, is the prerogative of the attending physician. The scheme of therapeutic nutrition is built on the basis of data from blood tests, urine, clinical history and concomitant diseases. The entire diet is based on the following foods:

• poultry meat, young veal;
• fermented milk products and eggs (no more than 50-100 g per day);
• vegetable and weak meat broths and soups based on them;
• fresh fruits, vegetables, berries;
• sweets: honey, marshmallow, marshmallows;
• drinking: a decoction of wild rose berries, lingonberry or cranberry juice, weak green tea, black tea with milk, water, dried fruit compote.

• rich meat and fish broths;
• complex dishes from meat and fish of secondary processing;
• preservation, pickles, marinades, preserves, smoked meats;
• bitter vegetables: radish, turnip, garlic, radish;
• hard, refractory, young salted cheeses (the product is generally significantly limited in use);
• baking, confectionery;
• mushrooms;
• legumes;
• nuts, dried apricots, prunes, bananas, grapes;
• watermelon and melons with severe swelling, severe heart failure;
• sweets: chocolate, butter creams, ice cream;
• strong coffee, tea.

Approved Products

Prohibited Products

We bring to your attention the program "Live healthy" with Elena Malysheva, which tells about the three most harmful products for the kidneys.

Diet Features

If renal failure in adults usually has a secondary factor and is a complication of a concomitant disease of the genitourinary system, then in young children the main cause is congenital malformations.

From a certain time, the mechanisms of nephron damage are the same and are characterized by an identical course, with the exception of the rate of growth of the pathological process. There are no differences in the diet of children and adults with renal failure, but there are some features of the menu:

For kids

The child's body is especially sensitive to various restrictions due to CRF. The child's body is developing intensively, they need an abundant protein content and high calorie content in the diet. No special dietary restrictions are imposed, except for the control of salt according to blood tests for sodium content, fluids to prevent swelling.

For pregnant women

When a woman is pregnant, there are some nuances. If a woman has previously observed a therapeutic diet before pregnancy, then during gestation, you can maintain your usual diet with slight adjustments according to the doctor's indications.

If the pathology is first diagnosed during gestation, then doctors limit the woman in all harmful products, recommend limiting salt and liquid. Protein decreases slightly during pregnancy.

Against the background of PN, chronic anemia of I-II degree often develops, therefore it is important to include vitamin complexes, iron-containing products in the diet. During the diet, it is important to monitor blood tests at least once every 3 months.

For men and women

There are no fundamental differences in the preparation of the treatment menu for men and women. Pathology does not have excellent mechanisms for dysfunction of the renal tissue by gender.

Menu for the week

Modern dietetics offers a rather extensive menu for patients with nephrotic syndrome of any nature. Sample menu for each day:

First day

• Morning hours: rice porridge with water or low-fat milk, curd mass with raisins, green tea with honey.
• Dinner: vegetable soup with sour cream, 100 g of lean boiled beef.
• Afternoon snack: biscuit cookies, warm broth of their rose hips without sugar.
• Dinner: fish steam cutlets, zucchini casserole, 200 ml of kefir.

Second day

• Morning hours: cottage cheese pudding, oatmeal with raisins, green tea.
• Dinner: pumpkin cream soup with celery, vinaigrette, croutons.
• Afternoon snack: 100 g of lean beef or boiled chicken breast, thick berry jelly.
• Dinner: meatballs with rice and vegetables, apple compote.

Third day

• Morning hours: boiled buckwheat porridge, a glass of milk, a spoonful of honey.
• Dinner: borsch with sour cream, boiled meat, salad of fresh vegetables and vegetable oil, dried bread.
• Afternoon snack: thick jelly, vegetable stew.
• Dinner: chicken breast steak, pasta, kefir.

Fourth day

• Morning hours: semolina porridge, bread, green tea.
• Dinner: soup with homemade noodles, cucumber salad with sour cream and greens, bread.
• Afternoon snack: oatmeal with dried fruits, a decoction of rose hips.
• Dinner: chicken fillet casserole with boiled potatoes, sweet cottage cheese with green tea.

Fifth day

• Morning hours: boiled millet in low-fat milk, sandwich with lettuce and eggplant, rosehip broth.
• Dinner: vinaigrette, cabbage soup, toast.
• Afternoon snack: oatmeal with fruit, warm milk with honey.
• Dinner: vegetable stew of eggplant, zucchini or zucchini in a pot.

Sixth day

• Morning hours: milk rice porridge, curd cheese, green tea.
• Dinner: vegetable soup with boiled beef, boiled buckwheat, apple compote.
• Afternoon snack: cottage cheese and rice casserole with jam or jam, jelly.
• Already in : meat meatballs with rice and vegetables, kefir, raisins.

Seventh day

• Morning hours: buckwheat porridge in milk, rosehip broth.
• Dinner: vegetable soup, beetroot salad with walnuts and prunes, boiled fish and boiled potatoes.
• Afternoon snack: vegetable stew, boiled meat.
• Dinner: meat casserole with boiled pasta, cucumber salad with sour cream.

Drinking throughout the weekly menu can be varied. For afternoon snacks, it is important to add fresh berries and fruits. In the evening you can eat desserts: gelatinous jelly, marshmallow, marmalade. At night it is recommended to drink kefir, but not more than 150-200 ml.

Recipes

To prepare the simplest soups, you can take as a basis some delicious and healthy recipes.

First meal

• Eggplant soup. Eggplants are washed, cut into slices and stewed a little in a frying pan without oil. Carrots, bell peppers and potatoes are stewed in a small amount of water, combined with eggplants and brought over low heat to about full readiness. The soup is definitely insisted. Chopped greens, fresh garlic are added for taste.
• Vegetable pickle. Cut carrots, potatoes, cabbage, onions and tomatoes into cubes, add a little water and simmer over low heat. After that, boiled beef, greens are cut and added to the soup. Before serving, the soup is insisted for about half an hour.

Main courses

• Stuffed zucchini. Medium zucchini is peeled, viscera, divided into two equal halves. For the filling, sauté onions, carrots, boil a little rice, an egg. All ingredients are mixed and combined with sour cream sauce. The recesses in the zucchini are filled with stuffing, sprinkled with grated cheese and herbs on top, put in the oven until cooked. Other Stuffed Zucchini Recipes
  • Rosehip decoction. A handful of rosehip berries are washed under running water, placed in a saucepan, pour 2 liters of water and put on the stove. The broth is boiled for about 15 minutes, after which the fire is turned off, and the broth is insisted until it cools completely.
  • Apple compote. 3-4 apples are cut into small slices, after removing the core. Pieces pour 2 liters of water and bring to a boil. Then leave to cool completely. It is not necessary to filter. Learn more about the benefits and harms of apples.

  Modern dietology knows many different recipes. If you connect your imagination, some insipid dishes can be turned into real masterpieces.

  Diet for comorbidities

  Often, nutritionists combine several therapeutic nutrition schemes at once when it comes to comorbidities. Features of nutrition in chronic renal failure are slightly different in the case of concomitant diseases and conditions.

  With diabetes

  The treatment of both pathologies is a serious daily work aimed at eliminating ketoacidosis or glycosuria (impaired carbohydrate metabolism and glucose excretion in the urine, respectively).

  The basic principle of compatibility and CRF is low-carbohydrate nutrition and a small amount of protein food. Be sure to take into account the features of the course of diabetes.

  The longer the patient is able to maintain normal blood sugar levels, the lower the risk of developing secondary nephropathy. Otherwise, when CRF caused diabetes, it is enough to stick to table number seven.

  With pyelonephritis

  With inflammation, it is important to ensure a plentiful drinking regimen. Drinking allows you to quickly remove pathogenic environments from the body. At the same time, you should adhere to table number 7 to prevent swelling, increase blood pressure. The basis of nutrition is the reduction of proteins and the normalization of the ratio of proteins and carbohydrates.

  With elevated creatinine

  High creatinine is one of the indicators of impaired organ functionality. The basis of nutrition is the reduction of daily protein to 60 g per day, followed by its decrease. At the same time, you should increase the calorie content to 3000 Kcal. With high creatinine, a course of amino acids is required. Ketosteril is especially effective in this respect.

  with low hemoglobin

  Anemic syndrome in various nephropathies cannot be corrected only by nutrition. In the early stages of chronic renal failure, iron preparations can be corrected (orally). In the later stages, it is important to use iron-containing drugs along with erythropoietin (subcutaneously).

  For kidney stones

  With urolithiasis and with sand in the kidneys against the background of chronic renal failure, it is important to achieve the normalization of metabolic processes, especially purines. At the same time, work is underway to correct the weight, oxidation or alkalinization of urine (the degree of reaction for stones is determined by the nature of the sediment and neoplasms). For kidney stones, diet No. 6 is recommended, where the protein content is 80 g per day, fat is 90 g, and carbohydrates are 300-400 g.

  With hemodialysis

  When the blood is purified by the “artificial kidney” apparatus, the nutrition changes and becomes stable. The main principles of the hemodialysis diet are the following aspects:
  

  • an increase in protein to 1.3 g per kg of human weight;
  • restriction of products and medicines, which include aluminum;
  • drinking regime - about 5% of body weight;
  • restriction of foods containing potassium.
  Otherwise, the nutrition of patients on dialysis is no different from the diet of healthy people, with an indispensable restriction of prohibited foods.

  Unfortunately, there is no universal diet for kidney disease due to the individuality of the human body. Nutrition is only an aid in the treatment of deficiency, it cannot be considered as an independent therapy. The prognosis is largely determined by the nature and rate of damage to the kidney tissues, as well as concomitant complications and the age of patients.

  Anna Levina

  Nephrologist

  In inflammatory diseases of the urinary system, patients should adhere to a special low-protein diet that excludes irritating foods. A diet for kidney disease and a fractional diet reduce the load on damaged tissues, normalize water-salt metabolism. And in combination with drug treatment, this approach helps to speed up recovery.

  Basic principles

  Inflammatory processes in the kidneys are accompanied by a violation of blood filtration. Protein gets into the urine, and a lot of toxins accumulate in the body, which appear in the process of life of the person himself and pathogenic microorganisms. The excretion of excess fluid is difficult, swelling of the extremities and face appears.

  To speed up the excretion of toxic substances by the kidneys, to normalize the passage of urine, you need to eat. It is important to limit the amount of table salt, to refuse fried, too fatty foods, hot spices and smoked meats, onions, garlic, spices.

  Alcohol, coffee, strong tea, sweet, carbonated, low-alcohol drinks are prohibited. Mineral water is also used with caution, given the acidity of urine. It is important to observe the drinking regimen. Drink at least 1 liter of pure water per day.

  With inflammation in the kidneys, patients adhere to the rules of fractional nutrition. Eat throughout the day allowed meals in small portions, 5-6 times at the same time.

  The contents of the plate are distributed in such a way that 1/3 are side dishes from various cereals, potatoes, pasta. Another 1/3 - fresh or stewed vegetables, fruits. The rest is boiled fish, dietary meat or dairy products.

  Diet table number 7

  Therapeutic nutrition for kidney disease in men and women restricts fats, simple carbohydrates and, especially, protein in the diet. You need to cook without adding edible salt. Its daily dose should not exceed 6 g.

  The energy value of diet number 7 with exacerbation of nephritis:

  • vegetable proteins - 30-35 g;
  • carbohydrates - no more than 450 g, of which 85 g is sugar;
  • animal proteins 30–35 g;
  • free liquid - 1–1.2 l;
  • total calorie content - 2500 kcal.

  Compliance with the rules of nutrition helps to relieve inflammation in the kidneys, get rid of the symptoms of the disease. Reducing the load on the affected organ can reduce peripheral edema, lower blood pressure, accelerate the excretion of salts, nitrogenous substances and normalize metabolic processes.

  
  

  What can you eat with kidney disease

  Doctors prescribe diet No. 7 after the acute symptoms of inflammation are removed (from the 4th week of remission). Medical nutrition is also necessary for the chronic form of nephritis without functional insufficiency.

  Allowed products:

  • vegetable soups without frying;
  • lean meat (turkey, rabbit, veal, chicken fillet, beef tongue);
  • fermented milk products with a low percentage of fat content (kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cottage cheese and vegetable puddings, fresh butter without salt);
  • yesterday's bread from unsalted dough, pancakes and pancakes on whey, bread rolls;
  • River fish;
  • any vegetables, fresh herbs (except sorrel);
  • eggs without yolk, the maximum number is 2 pieces per day;
  • rosehip broth, herbal, green, weakly brewed black tea, a drink with chicory, freshly squeezed fruit, vegetable juices;
  • fruits, berries;
  • any cereals and pasta;
  • creamy ice cream, jam, jams, honey, caramel;
  • olive, sunflower oil.

  
  

  With pathologies of the kidneys, meat products and fish must be boiled, baked with vegetables or cooked in a double boiler with the addition of vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, linseed). If eggs, dairy products are added to the daily menu, it is necessary to reduce the meat content.

  With an exacerbation of the pathology, acute pain in the kidneys, the diet should include a lot of vegetables and fresh fruits. It is useful to eat cucumbers, beets, lettuce, dried apricots, prunes, bananas, watermelon.

  What foods should be avoided

  A low-protein diet for kidney disease eliminates the use of irritating foods. They increase the acidity of urine, increase the inflammatory process, cause relapses of the disease in chronic pathology.

  Prohibited Products:

  • fatty, salted, smoked, pickled and canned fish, salted caviar;
  • fresh white bread, rich pastries;
  • rich broths made from meat, fish, legumes, mushrooms;
  • any sausages;
  • frozen meat semi-finished products;
  • hard cheeses with high fat content, cheese;
  • pickles, any marinades;
  • fatty dairy products (sour cream, cream, cottage cheese, yogurt);
  • hot spices;
  • sorrel, radish, onion, garlic, spinach;
  • chocolate;
  • dishes from the fast food menu;
  • coffee, sweet carbonated drinks, spirits, cocoa, alkaline mineral water, kvass;
  • fatty meat (pork, lamb, duck, goose, lard, lard).

  
  

  With pain in the kidneys, liver during an exacerbation of the pathology, you can not eat fried foods, meat, smoked fish, add spices to food. Increase the load on the damaged organ sausages, sausages, pickled cucumbers and tomatoes. Doctors do not recommend cooking soups on meat, mushroom broths.

  How to make a menu for a week with nephritis

  A protein-free diet for kidney disease should be varied so that the body does not lack vitamins and minerals. A patient can eat no more than 0.55 g of protein per day. It is necessary to observe bed rest and limit physical activity as much as possible.

  A sample weekly menu and possible daily diet options for people with kidney disease can be easily compiled using our tips. Recipes must not contain animal fats. Kissel, compote must be prepared from natural fruits; store-bought semi-finished products cannot be used. Pancakes are baked with yeast without adding salt; dried apricots, nuts, cinnamon, vanilla can be added to the dough.

  With kidney disease, you need to eat in such a way that, leaving the table, you experience a slight feeling of hunger.

  Monday:

  • the first breakfast - an omelet from 1 egg in milk, tea;
  • lunch - baked apple;
  • lunch meal - buckwheat soup, steamed fish cake, unsweetened prunes compote;
  • afternoon snack - fruit jelly with pancakes;
  • dinner - rice pudding with carrots and green tea.

  
  

  Diet for Tuesday with kidney disease:

  • first breakfast - oatmeal in skim milk with dried fruits and nuts, coffee drink;
  • lunch - fresh fruits or berries without sugar;
  • lunch - vegetable stew, boiled chicken fillet, black tea;
  • afternoon snack - baked pear;
  • dinner - cranberry juice with biscuit cookies.

  If the kidneys are very sore, then it is better to completely refuse meat for a while. Doctors recommend replacing it with fresh vegetables, salads from them. It is useful to pay attention to recipes for fruit casseroles with cottage cheese, to cook cereals from whole grain cereals (millet, buckwheat, pearl barley, lentils).

  Menu for Wednesday:

  • first breakfast - buckwheat porridge with vegetable oil, a glass of warm milk;
  • lunch - pancakes with honey;
  • lunch - pasta with vegetables, steamed veal, fruit juice;
  • afternoon snack - yogurt with unsalted bun;
  • dinner: cottage cheese.

  Menu for Thursday with inflammation of the kidneys:

  • first breakfast - oatmeal with raisins, coffee drink;
  • lunch - bread with butter, green tea;
  • lunch - dietary borscht, fish baked with vegetables, compote;
  • afternoon snack - vegetable cutlet with bread, tea;
  • dinner - 200 ml of kefir.

  
  

  With an exacerbation of kidney disease, the appearance of edema, you need to stock up. Watermelons, apricots, pumpkin, dried apricots, raisins, prunes, fresh cucumbers are very useful.

  List of dishes for Friday:

  • first breakfast - boiled egg, a piece of boiled rabbit meat, black tea;
  • lunch - 100 g of fresh cherries or sweet cherries;
  • lunch - mashed potatoes with parsnips and butter, boiled shrimp, fruit jelly;
  • afternoon snack - fresh vegetable salad, jelly;
  • dinner - cottage cheese pudding.

  Menu for Saturday:

  • first breakfast - sweet millet porridge with added dried fruits or nuts, compote;
  • lunch - a bun and a glass of kefir;
  • lunch - buckwheat soup, steam cutlet, fruit drink;
  • afternoon snack - yogurt with biscuit cookies, juice;
  • dinner - green tea with bread.

  Sunday Ration:

  • first breakfast - egg white omelette, butter sandwich;
  • lunch - tofu cheese with tea;
  • diet recipes for vegetable casseroles with boiled turkey will help to cook dinner;
  • afternoon snack - a bun with strawberry jelly;
  • dinner - cottage cheese with honey and cinnamon.

  Therapeutic nutrition for inflammatory diseases of the kidneys allows you to restore the work of the damaged organ, normalize the water-salt balance, and eliminate swelling. Adhering to a strict diet with a minimum amount of protein is necessary in the acute stage of the disease. Later, more meat and dairy products are allowed to be introduced into the diet.