Questionnaire “Determination of neuropsychic stress” (T. Nemchin)
A. Volkov, N. Vodopyanova
Introductory Notes
The symptomatic questionnaire was developed to identify the predisposition of military personnel to pathological stress reactions in extreme conditions. Practical experience shows that a significant number of young people fail to adapt to military and naval service during the first 3–4 months. Most often this manifests itself in psychosomatic and emotional disorders (pathological stress reactions). The questionnaire allows you to determine the predisposition to pathological stress reactions and neurotic disorders in extreme conditions of military service by the following symptoms of well-being: psychophysical exhaustion (reduced mental and physical activity), impaired volitional regulation, instability of the emotional background and mood (emotional instability), autonomic instability, violation sleep, anxiety and fears, addiction.
The technique was created on the basis of a clinical and psychological examination of 1,500 healthy military personnel and 133 military personnel who first became ill with neuroses and neurosis-like conditions in the first year of military service. The age of the subjects was 18–35 years. Of the observed signs related to the phenomenology of neuroses, 42 were selected, which were most often found in 133 military personnel who developed neurotic disorders as a result of working in extreme conditions of military service. Long-term use of this method has shown the high validity and reliability of this technique.
Symptomatic Well-Being Questionnaire (SWS)
Instructions: The proposed questionnaire reveals the characteristics of your well-being in a given period of time. You need to clearly answer 42 questions: either “yes” or “no”.
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Processing and evaluation of results. Answers “yes” – 1 point, “no” – 0 points. In accordance with the “key,” the sum of points on each scale is calculated and the total number of points scored is the total indicator of neuroticism.
Up to 15 points. A high level of psychological resistance to extreme conditions, a state of good adaptation.
16–26 points. Average level of psychological resistance to extreme conditions, state of satisfactory adaptation.
27–42 points. Low resistance to stress, high risk of pathological stress reactions and neurotic disorders, state of maladjustment.
"Key"
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Processing of results and their characteristics. After the subject fills out the right side of the questionnaire, the points scored are calculated. In this case, for the “+” sign placed against subparagraph A, 1 point is awarded; placed against subparagraph B, 2 points are awarded; placed against subparagraph B, 3 points are awarded. The maximum number of points that a subject can score is 90, the minimum number is 30 points when the subject denies the presence of any manifestations of neuropsychic stress.
Table 2.1
Characteristics of the three degrees of NPN according to the questionnaire
(7.A. Nemchin)
According to statistical data presented by T. A. Nemchin, according to the sum of points scored, the NPI index (IN) distinguishes three degrees of NPI and their characteristics (Table 2.1).
IN< 42,5 – first degree of NPN – relative preservation of the characteristics of the mental and somatic state.
42,6 > IN< 75 – second degree of NPN – a feeling of elation, readiness to work and a shift towards sympathicotonia.
IN> 75 – third degree of NPN – disorganization of mental activity and decreased productivity.
At all stages of NPN, there are certain differences between men and women.
practical work
1.4 Nemchin mental stress test
Purpose: to study the degree of neuropsychic stress.
Description: The questionnaire consists of 30 items, each of which reflects different aspects of neuropsychic stress.
Procedure: the subject is asked to answer 30 questions, choosing the answer option that corresponds to his current state.
Instructions: “Please fill out the right side of the form, marking plus those lines whose contents correspond to the characteristics of your current condition. Moreover, in each block of characteristics, where 3 variants of manifestation of the characteristic are indicated, there can only be one tick. Blocks should not be skipped."
Subject N.P.
Subject E.E.
Subject N.P. Weak neuropsychic stress is characterized by a slightly expressed (or not expressed at all) state of discomfort, mental activity adequate to the situation, and readiness to act in accordance with the conditions of the situation.
Subject E.E. Weak neuropsychic stress is characterized by a slightly expressed (or not expressed at all) state of discomfort, mental activity adequate to the situation, and readiness to act in accordance with the conditions of the situation.
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Scales: anxiety level
Purpose of the test
The technique is designed to measure the level of anxiety.
Test description
The questionnaire consists of 50 statements. It can be presented to the subject either as a list or as a set of cards with statements.
Test instructions
You are invited to familiarize yourself with a set of statements regarding character traits. If you agree with the statement, answer “Yes”; if you disagree, answer “No”. Don’t think too long, the first answer that comes to your mind is important.
Test
1. I am usually calm and it is not easy to get angry.
2. My nerves are no more upset than other people's.
3. I rarely have constipation.
4. I rarely have headaches.
5. I rarely get tired.
6. I almost always feel quite happy.
7. I am confident in myself.
8. I practically never blush.
9. Compared to my friends, I consider myself to be quite a brave person.
10. I blush no more often than others.
11. I rarely have heart palpitations.
12. Usually my hands are quite warm.
13. I am no more shy than others.
14. I lack self-confidence.
15. Sometimes it seems to me that I am good for nothing.
16. I have periods of such anxiety that I cannot sit still.
17. My stomach bothers me a lot.
18. I don’t have the courage to endure all the upcoming difficulties.
19. I would like to be as happy as others.
20. Sometimes it seems to me that such difficulties are piled up in front of me that I cannot overcome.
21. I often have nightmares.
22. I notice that my hands begin to shake when I try to do something.
23. I have extremely restless and interrupted sleep.
24. I am very worried about possible failures.
25. I have had to experience fear in cases when I knew for sure that nothing threatened me.
26. I have difficulty concentrating at work or on any task.
27. I work under a lot of pressure.
28. I get confused easily.
29. I feel anxious almost all the time about someone or something.
30. I tend to take things too seriously.
31. I cry often.
32. I often suffer from attacks of vomiting and nausea.
33. Once a month or more often I have an upset stomach.
34. I am often afraid that I am about to blush.
35. It is very difficult for me to concentrate on anything.
36. My financial situation worries me very much.
37. I often think about things that I wouldn’t like to talk about with anyone.
38. I have had periods when anxiety deprived me of sleep.
39. At times, when I am confused, I sweat profusely, which makes me very embarrassed.
40. Even on cold days I sweat easily.
41. At times I become so excited that it is difficult for me to fall asleep.
42. I am an easily excitable person.
43. At times I feel completely useless.
44. Sometimes it seems to me that my nerves are very shaken and I’m about to lose my temper.
45. I often catch myself worrying about something.
46. I am much more sensitive than most other people.
47. I feel hungry almost all the time.
48. Waiting makes me nervous.
49. Life for me is associated with unusual tension.
50. I am often overwhelmed by despair.
Processing and interpretation of test results
Key to the test
The number of responses of the subject indicating anxiety is counted.
Answers " Yes» for statements: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50.
. Answers " No"for statements: 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.
Answers that match the key are scored 1 point. The number of points is summed up.
Evaluation of test results
. 40-50 points are seen as an indicator of a very high level of anxiety,
. 25-40 points indicate a high level of anxiety,
. 15-25 points- about an average (with a tendency to high) level of anxiety,
. 5-15 points- about an average (with a tendency to low) level of anxiety,
. 0-5 points- low level of anxiety.
Sources
Personal scale of anxiety manifestations (J. Taylor, adaptation by T.A. Nemchin) / Diagnostics of emotional and moral development. Ed. and comp. I.B. Dermanova. – St. Petersburg, 2002. P.126-128.Genre: Psychology
Format: PDF
Quality: Scanned pages
Description: The modern era of social development is characterized by two important features. Firstly, this is an unprecedented pace of development of science and production, which has the character of a scientific and technological revolution, and, secondly, the increasingly increasing role of man in this process as the main productive force of society.
Humanization of almost all areas of social practice objectively requires a deep development of the main problems of human science, its theoretical and practical aspects. The high dynamism of everyday life and activity of a modern person, the intensification of social connections and communication between people, the need to make responsible decisions in conditions of an uncertain situation and lack of time, increasing demands on the competence and efficiency of a person are associated, in turn, with the need not only for an in-depth study of his personality, character, abilities and other mental characteristics, but also the development of practical measures to increase the potential properties of a person that could fully meet difficult life situations.
These and many other circumstances force a person to quickly and fully adapt and maintain high performance in a constantly changing environment. The relevance of the problem of human adaptation to new conditions is also increasing in connection with the expansion of the ecological area, going into space, mastering previously inaccessible areas of the Earth, the deployment of work on the continental shelf of the World Ocean, tension in international military-political relations, the need to work in unusual, often very difficult , dangerous or in so-called “extreme” conditions. Increased demands on the physical, moral, psychological qualities and abilities of a person in the overwhelming majority are not only not accompanied by any adverse consequences, but, on the contrary, cause the mobilization of the spiritual and physical resources of the individual, ensuring overcoming difficulties. However, in some cases, extreme conditions can become objective causes of special “stressful” conditions in a person.
Currently, it is difficult to find in the specialized literature a word so often used to denote a wide variety of strong experiences and sensations of mental and physical discomfort that arise in a person in an “extreme” situation, such as the word “stress”. This word has become one of the symbols of the modern way of life, its use has gone far beyond the boundaries of science and is increasingly common in everyday life. At the same time, the concept of “stress” over the past decades has been the object of careful attention and deep interest of representatives of various fields of human science.
The problem of stress is being studied by physiologists, doctors, psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, and yet, it is still very far from being resolved. If the biochemical, physiological and other biological aspects of stress are currently developed quite well, then the most complex section of this problem - the psychology of stress - has not been studied enough. Until now, those studies that are aimed at studying the states of mental adaptation and maladaptation in healthy people - representatives of mass professions, students, mental workers at industrial enterprises, people from the administrative, economic, management apparatus, etc. have not received proper development. It is precisely in these categories that the specificity of everyday work activity is most closely connected with the high demands placed on the neuropsychic sphere. Particularly important are studies of adaptation processes in such a mass category of workers as operators, whose activities, in the context of growing technological progress, are becoming increasingly complex, becoming more responsible and accompanied by a strain of creative forces and abilities.
The problem of intense work activity is systematically reflected in the materials of the congresses of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in government decrees, is highlighted in political and economic documents, and is set as one of the main tasks of five-year plans. The humanistic task of healthcare, and in particular psychohygiene and medical psychology, is, on the one hand, to ensure optimal stress in the work process, its high efficiency and, on the other hand, to prevent undesirable consequences that can be accompanied by prolonged neuropsychic stress .
The object of this study was healthy people, mainly those who, due to the nature of their work, are periodically or systematically exposed to extreme factors, especially during periods of significant increase in work intensity, increasing responsibility for its quality and for errors, in conditions of limited time to achieve high results . The subjects included workers from a number of large industrial facilities in Leningrad - workers in the main professions, employees of the administrative and management apparatus, designers, engineers, students of higher educational institutions, and university teachers. As a “sample”, “training group”, or a kind of model of neuropsychic stress of the highest degree, a group of patients with neuroses with clinically clear signs of tension, emotional disorders, states of anxiety, and fear was used.
The general objectives of the study were to clarify the phenomenology of neuropsychic stress, to study the shifts that occur at different levels of the neuropsychic and somatic organization of a person, to study the causes and mechanisms of neuropsychic stress.
The questionnaire is a list of signs of nervous
mental stress, compiled according to clinical data
psychological observation, and contains 30 main characteristics of this condition, divided into three degrees of severity. The study is carried out individually in a separate, well
lighted and isolated from extraneous sounds and noises.
Instructions: “Depending on the answer option you chose, the content of which corresponds to the characteristics of your current condition, place the letter A, B or C next to the number of each item in the questionnaire.”
Questionnaire text:
Presence of physical discomfort:
a) complete absence of any unpleasant physical sensations;
b) there are minor discomforts that do not interfere with work,
c) a large number of unpleasant physical sensations that seriously interfere with work.
Presence of pain:
a) complete absence of any pain;
b) pain appears periodically, but quickly disappears and does not interfere with work;
c) there are constant pain sensations that significantly interfere with work.
Temperature sensations:
a) absence of any changes in the sensation of body temperature;
b) feeling of warmth, increased body temperature;
c) a feeling of coldness in the body, limbs, a feeling of “chills”,
State of muscle tone:
a) normal muscle tone;
b) moderate increase in muscle tone, feeling of some muscle tension;
c) significant muscle tension, twitching of individual muscles of the face, neck, arms (tics, tremors);
Movement coordination:
a) normal coordination of movements;
b) increasing accuracy, ease, coordination of movements during writing and other work;
c) decreased accuracy of movements, impaired coordination, deterioration of handwriting, difficulties in performing small movements that require high precision.
State of motor activity in general:
a) normal physical activity;
b) increased motor activity, increased speed and energy of movements;
c) a sharp increase in motor activity, inability to sit in one place, fussiness, desire to walk, change body position.
Sensations from the cardiovascular system:
a) absence of any unpleasant sensations from the heart;
b) a feeling of increased cardiac activity that does not interfere with work,
c) the presence of unpleasant sensations from the heart - increased heart rate, a feeling of compression in the heart area, tingling, pain in the heart.
Manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract:
a) absence of any unpleasant sensations in the stomach;
b) isolated, quickly passing and not interfering with work sensations in the abdomen - suction in the epigastric region, a feeling of slight hunger, periodic “rumbling”;
c) severe discomfort in the abdomen - pain, loss of appetite, nausea, feeling of thirst.
Respiratory manifestations:
a) absence of any sensations;
b) increasing the depth and frequency of breathing without interfering with work;
c) significant changes in breathing - shortness of breath, feeling of insufficient inspiration, “lump in the throat.”
Manifestations from the excretory system:
a) absence of any changes;
b) moderate activation of the excretory function - a more frequent desire to use the toilet while fully maintaining the ability to abstain (tolerate);
c) a sharp increase in the desire to use the toilet, difficulty or even impossibility to endure.
Sweating state:
a) normal sweating without any changes;
b) moderate increase in sweating;
c) the appearance of profuse “cold” sweat.
Condition of the oral mucosa:
b) moderate increase in salivation;
c) feeling of dry mouth.
Skin coloring:
a) normal coloring of the skin of the face, neck, hands;
b) redness of the skin of the face, neck, hands;
c) paleness of the skin of the face, neck, appearance of a “marbled” (spotty) shade on the skin of the hands.
Receptivity, sensitivity to external stimuli:
a) absence of any changes, normal sensitivity;
b) a moderate increase in sensitivity to external stimuli that does not interfere with work;
c) a sharp increase in sensitivity, distractibility, fixation on extraneous stimuli.
Feeling of self-confidence and ability:
a) the usual feeling of confidence in one’s strengths and abilities;
b) increased sense of self-confidence, belief in success;
c) a feeling of self-doubt, expectation of failure, failure.
Mood:
a) normal mood;
b) elevated, heightened mood, a feeling of elation, pleasant satisfaction with work or other activities;
c) decreased mood, depression.
Sleep Features:
a) normal, ordinary sleep;
b) a good, sound, refreshing sleep the night before;
c) restless sleep, with frequent awakenings and dreams, for several previous nights, including the day before.
Features of the emotional state in general:
a) absence of any changes in the sphere of emotions and feelings;
b) a feeling of concern, responsibility for the work being performed, “excitement,” an active desire to act;
c) feelings of fear, panic, despair.
Noise immunity:
a) normal state without any changes;
b) increasing noise immunity in operation, the ability to work in conditions of noise and other interference;
c) a significant decrease in noise immunity, inability to work with distracting stimuli.
Features of speech:
a) ordinary speech;
b) increasing speech activity, increasing voice volume, speeding up speech without deteriorating its quality (logicality, literacy and etc.);
c) speech disorders - the appearance of long pauses, hesitations, an increase in the number of unnecessary words, stuttering, too quiet a voice.
General assessment of mental state:
a) normal state;
b) state of composure, increased readiness for work, mobilization, high mental tone;
c) a feeling of fatigue, lack of concentration, absent-mindedness, apathy, decreased mental tone.
Memory Features:
a) ordinary memory;
b) improved memory - you can easily remember what you need;
c) memory impairment.
Features attention:
a) normal attention without any changes;
b) improving the ability to concentrate, distracting from extraneous matters;
c) deterioration of attention, inability to concentrate on a task, distractibility.
Smartness:
a) ordinary intelligence;
b) increased intelligence, good resourcefulness;
c) decreased intelligence, confusion.
Mental performance:
a) normal mental performance;
b) increasing mental performance;
c) a significant decrease in mental performance, rapid mental fatigue.
Phenomena of mental discomfort:
a) the absence of any unpleasant sensations and experiences from the psyche as a whole;
b) a feeling of mental comfort, an increase in mental activity, or isolated, weakly expressed, quickly passing and not interfering with work phenomena;
c) pronounced, varied and numerous mental disorders that seriously interfere with work.
Degree of prevalence (generalization) of signs of stress:
a) single, weakly expressed signs that are not paid attention to;
b) clearly expressed signs of tension, which not only do not interfere with activity, but, on the contrary, contribute to its productivity;
c) a large number of various unpleasant signs of tension that interfere with work and are observed in various organs and systems of the body.
Frequency of occurrence of voltage state:
a) the feeling of tension almost never develops;
b) some signs of tension develop only in the presence of really difficult situations;
c) signs of tension develop very often and often without sufficient reason.
Duration of voltage state:
a) very short-term, no more than a few minutes, quickly disappears even before the difficult situation has passed;
b) continues for almost the entire time of being in a difficult situation and performing the necessary work, and stops soon after its completion;
c) a very significant duration of a state of tension that continues for a long time after a difficult situation.
General degree of tension:
a) complete absence or very weak degree of expression;
b) moderately expressed, distinct signs of tension;
c) pronounced, excessive tension.
Processing of the method and interpretation of the result. After filling out the form, the points scored by the test taker are calculated by summing them up. In this case, for the mark “+” put by the subject against point “a”, 1 point is awarded, against point “b”
