Treatment e. Treatment of osteochondrosis with medicines

Treatment I Treatment (lat, curatio; Greek therapeia)

a system of measures aimed at restoring health, preventing complications of the disease and eliminating painful manifestations of the disease for the patient.

Among them, there are measures aimed at suppressing the pathogen, eliminating the cause of the disease (etiotropic L.); elimination or weakening of the mechanisms for the formation of disease-causing disorders and stimulation of compensatory processes (Compensatory processes) (pathogenetic L.): individual manifestations of the disease and reduction of the patient's suffering (symptomatic L.): restoration of impaired functions (Rehabilitation) or their replacement (substitutive). Distinguish between surgical treatment, the basis of which is a surgical operation , and the so-called conservative, all methods and methods of which are united by the concept of "therapy", used in the narrow sense - as opposed to surgical treatment (in the broad sense, the concepts of "therapy" and "treatment" are synonyms). Resuscitation occupies a special place among the main types of L. . Drug treatment systems have emerged as independent large sections of the theory and practice of therapy (see Pharmacotherapy) , including hormones (), antibiotics, sulfonamides and other chemotherapy drugs (see Chemotherapy) ; natural and preformed physical factors - Climatotherapy , spa treatment (see Resorts , Sanatorium-resort selection) , Physiotherapy , Radiation therapy , diet therapy (see Medical nutrition) ; restorative treatment by movement - Therapeutic physical culture ; therapeutic effect of the word - Psychotherapy , special irritations of reflexogenic zones - Reflexotherapy . In each of the listed groups, separate methods and methods of treatment are developed as relatively independent sections. Examples of such sections can be (treatment with medicinal plants (Medicinal plants)) , Speleotherapy (treatment by the microclimate of caves, salt mines), balneotherapy(use of therapeutic baths, showers, swimming), Hydrotherapy , Mud treatment , Barotherapy (use of high or low pressure), Oxygen therapy , Massage , Vibrotherapy , electrotherapy , Phototherapy , Thermal treatment , Ultrasound Therapy , Infusion therapy , Blood transfusion , extracorporeal, in particular Extrarenal methods of blood purification , Defibrillation , Electropulse therapy , Hyposensitization , Immunotherapy , including used for non-specific stimulation of immunity, protein therapy and other types of stimulating therapy (Stimulating therapy) . As an independent treatment, based on the achievements of surgery, immunology and therapy, organs and tissues develop. Professionally competent and caring patient care, carried out by medical staff or specially trained persons, is important, sometimes decisive, in achieving a therapeutic effect.

Modern approaches and methods of L. were formed as a result of a long historical process of the formation and development of medicine (see Medicine) . Apparently, L. initially consisted in the use of medicinal plants, and possibly products of animal origin, such as animal fat, as well as in the use of such natural factors as therapeutic mud. With the emergence and development of a primitive community, healing functions begin to be concentrated in the hands of clergy, and in the era of ancient civilizations they become the work of professional healers, who often coexisted with priest-doctors. The goal of the treatment was to alleviate the suffering of the patient (wounded) - to eliminate pain and other unpleasant sensations, as well as to stop the impact of supporting factors, i.e. the foundations of symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment were laid.

In the person of Hippocrates, the empirical of the ancients reached the pinnacle of its development. The collection of Hippocrates presents the arsenal of medicines that ancient Greece had at its disposal. Emetics, laxatives, and also bloodletting were used mainly. The underlying principle was: "The opposite is for the opposite." Hippocrates goes and the formulation of one of the important principles of treatment; "Non nocere!", i.e. first of all, do no harm (to the sick with treatment). Hippocrates saw the doctor's task in helping nature get rid of the disease, sparing the forces of the sick organism, he taught not to change medicines without necessity, to use potent drugs only in cases where less active therapy does not work. The belief that a cure is impossible without the efforts of the organism itself, “because nature, without extraneous instructions, without learning from anyone, does its due,” is a distinctive feature of the views of Hippocrates and his followers. In accordance with the limited possibilities of L., the wise doctors of antiquity proceeded from the formula "medicus curat, natura sanat" (the doctor heals, nature heals). Along with drugs, the number of which was limited to only a few dozen, an important place in L. was given to hygiene recommendations, in particular diet. Asklepiades, who continued in the 1st c. BC. traditions of Greek medicine in ancient Rome, the favorite healing methods were also simple, natural measures: movement, hydrotherapy, rubbing, etc. The rational approach of doctors of the ancient world to the problem of the relationship between theory and practice of medicine is reflected by A. Celsus: “Medical art arose ... not as theoretical considerations, but, on the contrary, they began to think about theoretical justification when the methods of treatment were already discovered.” The program for the school of empiricists in the 3rd-2nd centuries is characteristic. BC. a saying quoted by A. Celsus: "It is not interesting what causes it, but what eliminates it."

In the 1st century AD Dioscorides (Dioscorides) systematized vegetable, animal and mineral origin, grouped over 600 plants according to the morphological principle. Aromatic plants, as well as oils and ointments as external agents, played an important role in his pharmacopoeia. Aloe was popular as a laxative, opium for coughs and diarrhea; from means of animal origin - a donkey for epilepsy; from medicines of mineral origin - etc. The work of Dioscorides "On Medicines" served as a guide to pharmacology until the 16th century. The name of the largest Roman physician Galen (Galenus) is associated with a certain method of preparing medicines.

Arab medicine, using the achievements of alchemy, enriched the possibilities of therapy with pharmaceutical equipment and drugs obtained by chemical means, introduced mercury compounds and nitrate. The great physician and thinker of the East, Ibn Sina, proposed a system for testing the effect of drugs, including not only observation at the patient's bedside, but also experiment on animals, pointed out the need to identify side effects, as well as drug interactions. The further development of chemistry as the basis of medicinal L. was facilitated in the 16th century. implacable opponent of medieval scholastic medicine Paraceles: (Paracelsus) - one of the founders of iatrochemistry. Thanks to his work, mineral substances and mineral waters began to be widely used as medicines; he developed techniques for isolating the active principle from herbal medicines.

However, the achievements of individual outstanding doctors could not change the general level of medical medicine of that time, and L., as a rule, turned out to be ineffective. In the 17th century famous Leiden anatomist and practitioner, head of the iatrochemical school Sylvius /F. Sylvius (de la Boe) / in the traditions of humoral pathology reduced the whole variety of diseases to two groups - some are associated with the formation of "sour", and others - with the formation of "alkaline caustics". Thus, a tempting way to simplify treatment was opened - the introduction of either alkalis or acids. In turn, Santorio (S. Santorio) and other representatives of iatrophysics as a theoretical basis for L. put forward mechanistic ideas about the body as a set of pumps and levers, presses and millstones and reduced treatment to diaphoretic measures, etc. Bloodletting, as a therapeutic and even prophylactic method, became widespread, abuse reached the point of absurdity: neither the child nor the infant patient could be saved from this procedure, which even in the first half of the 19th century. often served as a direct cause of death of the patient.

A protest against fruitless theorizing, a call to replace it with unbiased medical supervision at the bedside of the patient was, in essence, the entire activity of the "English Hippocrates" Sydenham (Th. Sydenham), who in the 17th century. reiterated that the task of the physician is to promote the healing powers of the body; one should not get carried away with drug therapy when there are no specific means of treatment: "an experienced physician must sometimes refrain from any treatment, and at other times use very energetic drugs ...". He treated malaria with cinchona bark, with drugs, gout with diet and gymnastics, and was often limited in his medical practice to psychotherapeutic effects.

In the middle of the 19th century, when the obvious successes in the development of physical methods for examining the patient and scientifically based in vivo diagnostics came into conflict with the apparent lack of scientifically based therapy, the prevailing polypharmacy (unjustified prescription of many drugs to the patient at the same time) was adopted by Skoda (J. Skoda) and other prominent representatives of the new Viennese school, an extreme form - the so-called therapeutic nihilism: "We can recognize, describe and understand the disease, but we should not even dream of being able to influence it by any means." Homeopathy was born as a kind of antithesis to active methods of therapeutic influence. , built on the speculative concept of "similia similibus curantur" ("like is treated like") and other a priori postulates, but safe for patients.

Only in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century. In connection with the rapid progress of the natural sciences, in particular theoretical medicine (pathomorphology, experimental medicine, bacteriology) and technology, the formation of evidence-based therapy begins. The further rapid development of chemistry, physics, technology, and biology, and the scientific and technological revolution that swept the world in the second half of the 20th century, re-equipped and transformed L. The possibilities of modern L. methods seem limitless. both ultrasound and radioactive isotopes, molecular and immunochemistry have made deep-lying organs and tissues and intimate mechanisms of vital activity accessible for therapeutic intervention.

The increase in the arsenal of modern therapy, especially the rapid production of pharmacological preparations, has increased the need for a comparative assessment of the effect of different drugs and non-drug treatments and the requirement for the validity of their use. Until the 19th century the therapeutic effect of drugs was tested on a patient, and experimental testing of pharmacological drugs was carried out on healthy animals, i.e. in conditions far from those that are inherent in the activity of a sick human body. Only in the 20th century put forward by the founder of experimental medicine in France, Bernard (S. Bernard), the idea of the need for experimental therapy, without which medical practice is often blind, has become generally recognized. Its successful development owes much to the method of reproduction of pathological processes in animals, i.e. the creation of experimental models of the disease, which was fruitfully developed in the USSR by the schools of I.P. Pavlova, A.B. Fochta, N.N. Anichkova, N.D. Strazhesko, A.L. Myasnikov and other pathologists and clinicians. The theoretical foundations of medicinal L. became experimental (clinical pharmacology) (N.P. Kravkova played a special role in its development in the USSR), and then clinical pharmacology , the foundations for the development of which in the USSR were laid by B.E. Votchalom.

Achieved great success; surgical methods of L. began to be used not only for the elimination of focal pathological formations and processes, but also for endoprosthetics (Arthroplasty) parts of organs, for transplantation of organs and tissues. Artificial pacemakers are widely used (see Pacemaker) , chronic hemodialysis , Hemosorption , plasmapheresis (see Plasmapheresis , Cytapheresis) . Of the medicines, antibiotics, hormonal drugs, cytostatic and, vaccines and sera, which actively affect various physiological systems of the body, are used, which brought conservative therapy closer to surgery, both in terms of effectiveness and possible negative consequences of medical intervention.

Treatment requires professional knowledge and skills from the doctor who determines its content and methods. For the choice of treatment tactics, it is necessary to establish the correct Diagnosis of the disease or injury. The inextricable link between the recognition of a disease and its treatment is reflected in the well-known medical aphorism "bene diagnoscitur, bene curatur" (good is good treatment). Only conditionally, therefore, it is possible to speak of "self-treatment", when, based on the experience of previous treatment or by analogy with the treatment of other persons, he uses (often ineffectively and unsafely) certain methods of therapy. Attempts to heal, undertaken by persons who do not have a medical education, can lead to fatal consequences for the patient.

Great damage to the rational treatment of patients is caused by the prevailing one-sided understanding of treatment as taking medications, as well as the preconceived notion that invasive methods of administering drugs (“droppers”, intravenous injections, injections) are more effective than taking drugs orally. constantly faced with the persistent demands of patients to resort to such treatment. Along with this, not all patients follow the recommendations for the regular intake of the medicines they need (often for fear of side effects), and the doctor must take into account the possibility of a sudden arbitrary termination of the course of treatment, which can be dangerous in itself due to the development of the withdrawal syndrome, the rebound phenomenon. (for example, the development of a hypertensive crisis in connection with the abolition of clonidine).

Often, treatment has to be prescribed with a lack of knowledge about the disease established in the patient or in the absence of a convincing diagnosis. Under these conditions, the doctor is obliged to exercise special care, observing the principle of "do no harm!".

In general medical practice, the side effects of drugs are often underestimated (Side effects of drugs) , drug incompatibility in polypharmacotherapy. Almost every drug is not without a number of side effects. When using many drugs, allergic reactions can occur, especially iodine preparations, penicillin, sulfonamides, novocaine, analgin (see Drug Allergy) ; in people with allergies, an inadequate reaction to any is possible. Many highly effective drugs are not without toxic effects - nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neuro- or myelotoxicity. A positive pharmacological effect is also inextricably linked with certain adverse consequences, which include, during antibiotic therapy, the mass death of microbes with the release of endotoxins (Herxheimer-Yarish reaction, “therapeutic”), the development of dysbacteriosis and subsequent fungal aggression (, deep), a decrease in the tension of immune reactions in the acute period and the lack of stable immunity to the infection, the development of vitamin deficiency (Vitamin deficiency) . In the US in the 70s. due to pharmacological interventions exceeded hospitalizations for infectious diseases.

Especially increases the risk of developing various kinds of complications with unjustified or illiterate simultaneous use of multiple drugs. Even with justified polypharmacotherapy, complications of medicinal L. are observed, since it is impossible to evaluate all aspects of the interaction of prescribed drugs. The exceptions are official prescriptions tested by many years of practice, specially designed combinations of drugs for courses of polychemotherapy in oncological diseases (if at least one of the drugs is excluded from the combination, the effect is significantly reduced), rational combinations of drugs (for example, antianginal, antiarrhythmic drugs) with a complex pathogenesis of functional disorders . It is preferable to seek to increase the effectiveness of L. by maximizing the use of non-drug methods of treatment, and not by increasing the number of drugs. This also enhances the psychotherapeutic effect of treatment, especially prone to suggestion, suspicious, anxious patients.

The reduction of side effects of drugs and complications of medical procedures is facilitated by the constant improvement of the means and methods of L., the introduction of new methods, incl. surgical. So, instead of blood transfusions, depending on the indications, transfusion of its fractions (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma, albumin) is used. In the treatment of vascular pathology, endovascular interventions are increasingly being used, for example, percutaneous transluminal (transluminal) angioplasty (balloon), selective vascular embolization; laser technology is used to restore the patency of blood vessels. The need for the appointment of antiarrhythmic drugs often disappears or decreases when an artificial pacemaker is installed in a patient. The scope of organ and tissue transplantation is expanding, in particular, bone marrow, kidney, heart, complex - lungs, liver, pancreas, eye lens, skin flaps. With the help of microsurgical techniques, successful engraftment of fingers and whole limbs torn off as a result of trauma is carried out.

With significant progress in the creation of new methods of L., interest in the methods of traditional medicine is also growing (Traditional Medicine) . It is often insufficiently substantiated. was and remains an intensively developed source of scientific medicine (suffice it to name some methods of reflexology, the use of medicinal plants), and that is why the artisanal attempts of overly enthusiastic or selfishly interested persons to oppose it to modern medical practice or to reveal its fundamentally new possibilities are unproductive.

The nature and scope of therapeutic measures are largely determined by the conditional provision of therapeutic and preventive care to the patient (Treatmental and preventive care) - It turns out it is urgent or planned. Emergency therapy consists in carrying out those therapeutic measures that are necessary for health reasons at the first stage of providing assistance to the patient (in military medicine - at this stage of medical evacuation). Intensive care is understood as a complex of specialized treatment that, due to the severity of the patient's condition, requires the use of special means, L. methods and medical equipment (for example, a ventilator), as well as regular monitoring of the patient's condition (for example, using monitoring observation ( monitoring) and specially trained and trained medical staff). In the process of providing emergency care, it may be necessary to - remove the patient from a state of clinical death due to cardiac arrhythmias (see Defibrillation , electropulse therapy) or cessation of breathing (see Artificial lungs (Artificial ventilation of the lungs)) . In planned therapy, maintenance treatment is distinguished (a long course of treatment that provides remission of a chronic disease, secondary prevention of its complications or relapses); anti-relapse treatment (treatment courses prescribed at a certain time, season or according to predetermined criteria for changing the patient's condition); restorative treatment - rehabilitation, i.e. a system of predominantly non-drug measures aimed at expanding the physical, psychological and social adaptation of persons with impaired professional and household capacity due to a past or chronic disease.

Timely treatment of a significant number of chronically ill patients is ensured by their prophylactic medical examination and regular monitoring of the dynamics of the patient's condition, taking into account his age, risk factors, occupational and hereditary burden, and previously identified diseases.

The wide technicalization of diagnostic and therapeutic processes, the inclusion in medical and preventive care, along with the attending physicians, of numerous specialists in diagnostic and laboratory departments, the narrow profiling of medical specialties objectively make it difficult for the patient to have direct contact with the doctor in charge of him, reduce personal responsibility for the choice of L., contribute to dehumanization medicine. The doctor must weigh the possible harm and benefit of both the therapeutic agent and the diagnostic study. It is unacceptable between diagnostic methods, especially with the use of invasive and unsafe instrumental studies, and the choice of treatment tactics. The scope of the survey is dictated only by the need to optimize L. and to monitor its adequacy. An additional examination, pursuing exclusively cognitive purposes, is carried out only on a voluntary basis after informing the patient (or his relatives) about the essence of the procedures being performed. These questions, as well as commentary on the actions of other doctors and informing patients and interested parties about the nature of the disease, about the treatment being carried out, require strict adherence to the principles of medical deontology (Medical Deontology) . More Common Medical Errors , the lack of psychotherapeutic skills of a doctor or insufficient consideration of the characteristics of the mental state and personality traits of the patient can lead to iatrogenic diseases (iatrogenic diseases) , often with severe consequences or a long-term decrease in the patient's performance and quality of life.

Bibliography: Votchal B.E. Sketches of clinical pharmacology, M., 1965, bibliogr; Zhmurkin V.P. , BME, v. 26, p. 210, M., 1985, bibliography, Kassirsky I.A. About healing. Problems and reflections, M., 1970, bibliogr.; Lakin K.M. and Zhmurkin V.P. Development of clinical pharmacology as a scientific basis for modern pharmacotherapy, BME, vol. 29, p. 143, M., 1988; Leshchinsky L. A. in the practice of a therapist, M., 1989; bibliography; Elshtein N.V. Dialogue about medicine, Tallinn, 1984, bibliogr.

II Treatment (. therapy)

the general name of various kinds of activities aimed at restoring health.

Outpatient treatment- L. patients, carried out at home or when they visit a medical institution.

Spa treatment .

forced treatment- L., carried out regardless of the consent of the patient; applies to mentally ill people who have committed socially dangerous acts in a state of insanity, a certain category of patients with chronic alcoholism, drug addiction, venereal diseases and tuberculosis.

Sanatorium treatment- see Spa treatment .

Spa treatment(syn.: L. resort, L. sanatorium, sanatorium care) - L. patients in resorts and sanatoriums with the use of natural and artificial (including physiotherapeutic) therapeutic factors.

1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic dictionary of medical terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.

Synonyms:

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Treatment(Latin, curatio; Greek therapeia) - a system of measures aimed at restoring health, preventing complications of the disease and eliminating painful manifestations of the disease for the patient.

Among them, there are measures aimed at suppressing the pathogen, eliminating the cause of the disease ( etiotropic treatment); elimination or weakening of the mechanisms of formation of disease-causing disorders and stimulation compensatory processes(pathogenetic treatment): alleviation of individual manifestations of the disease and reduction of the patient's suffering (symptomatic treatment): restoration of impaired functions ( rehabilitation) or their replacement (replacement therapy). There are surgical treatment, which is based on surgery , and the so-called conservative, all methods and methods of which are united by the concept of "therapy", used in the narrow sense - as opposed to surgical treatment (in the broad sense of the concept of "therapy" and " treatment"- synonyms). A special place among the main types of treatment is resuscitation. Drug treatment systems have emerged as independent large sections of the theory and practice of therapy (see. Pharmacotherapy), including hormones (hormone therapy), antibiotics, sulfonamides, and other chemotherapy drugs (see Chemotherapy); natural and preformed physical factors - climatotherapy, sanatorium-resort treatment(cm. Resorts , Sanatorium selection), physiotherapy , radiotherapy , diet therapy (see Medical nutrition); restorative treatment movement - Healing Fitness ; healing effect of the word - psychotherapy, special irritations of the reflexogenic zones - reflexology. In each of the listed groups, separate methods and methods of treatment are developed as relatively independent sections. Phytotherapy can be examples of such sections ( treatment medicinal plants), speleotherapy (treatment microclimate of caves, salt mines), balneotherapy(use of therapeutic baths, showers, bathing), hydrotherapy, mud therapy, barotherapy(use of high or low pressure), oxygen therapy , massage , vibration therapy , electrotherapy , phototherapy , thermal treatment, ultrasound therapy , infusion therapy , blood transfusion , extracorporeal, in particular extrarenal methods of blood purification , defibrillation , electropulse therapy , desensitization , immunotherapy , including pyrotherapy, protein therapy and other types used for non-specific stimulation of immunity stimulation therapy. As an independent type of treatment based on the achievements of surgery, immunology and therapy, organ and tissue transplantation is developing. An important, sometimes decisive value in achieving a therapeutic effect is a professionally competent and caring care for the patient, carried out by medical staff or specially trained persons.

Modern approaches and methods of treatment were formed as a result of a long historical process of the formation and development of medicine (see. The medicine). Apparently, the treatment initially consisted of the use of medicinal plants, and possibly also of animal origin, such as animal fat, as well as the use of such natural factors as mineral waters and therapeutic muds. With the emergence and development of a primitive community, healing functions begin to be concentrated in the hands of clergy, and in the era of ancient civilizations they become the work of professional healers, who often coexisted with priest-doctors. The goal of the treatment was to alleviate the suffering of the patient (wounded) - to eliminate pain and other unpleasant sensations, as well as to stop the effects of factors that support the disease, i.e. the foundations of symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment were laid.

In the person of Hippocrates, the empirical medicine of the ancients reached the pinnacle of its development. The collection of Hippocrates presents an arsenal of medicines that the doctor of Ancient Greece had at his disposal. Mostly emetics, laxatives, diuretics, as well as cupping and bloodletting were used. The underlying principle was: "The opposite is the remedy for the opposite." From Hippocrates comes the formulation of one of the important principles of treatment; "Non nocere!", i.e. first of all, do no harm (to the sick with treatment). Hippocrates saw the doctor's task in helping nature get rid of the disease, sparing the forces of the sick organism, he taught not to change medicines without necessity, to use potent drugs only in cases where less active therapy does not work. The belief that a cure is impossible without the efforts of the organism itself, “because nature, without extraneous instructions, without learning from anyone, does its due,” is a distinctive feature of the views of Hippocrates and his followers. In accordance with the limited possibilities of treatment, the wise doctors of antiquity proceeded from the formula "medicus curat, natura sanat" (the doctor heals, nature heals). Along with drugs, the number of which was limited to only a few dozen, an important place in the treatment was given to hygiene recommendations, in particular diet. Asklepiades, who continued in the 1st c. BC. traditions of Greek medicine in ancient Rome, simple, natural measures were also favorite healing methods: diet, movement, hydrotherapy, rubbing, etc. The rational approach of the doctors of the ancient world to the problem of the relationship between theory and practice of treatment is reflected by A. Celsus: “Medical art arose ... not as the result of theoretical considerations, but, on the contrary, they began to think about theoretical justification when the methods of treatment were already discovered.” The program for the school of empiricists in the 3rd-2nd centuries is characteristic. BC. a saying quoted by A. Celsus: "It is not interesting what causes pain, but what eliminates it."

In the 1st century AD Dioscorides (Dioscorides) systematized medicines of plant, animal and mineral origin, grouped over 600 plants according to the morphological principle. Aromatic plants, as well as oils and ointments as external agents, played an important role in his pharmacopoeia. Aloe was popular as a laxative, opium for coughs and diarrhea; from the means of animal origin - the liver of a donkey with epilepsy; from medicines of mineral origin - sulfur, etc. The work of Dioscorides "On Medicines" served as a guide to pharmacology until the 16th century. The name of the largest Roman physician Galen (Galenus) is associated with a certain method of preparing medicines.

Arab medicine, using the achievements of alchemy, enriched the possibilities of therapy with pharmaceutical equipment and drugs obtained by chemical means, introduced mercury compounds and silver nitrate into use. The great physician and thinker of the East, Ibn Sina, proposed a system for testing the effect of drugs, including not only observation at the patient's bedside, but also experiment on animals, pointed out the need to identify side effects, as well as drug interactions. The further development of chemistry as the basis of medicinal treatment was facilitated in the 16th century. implacable opponent of medieval scholastic medicine Paraceles: (Paracelsus) - one of the founders of iatrochemistry. Thanks to his work, mineral substances and mineral waters began to be widely used as medicines; he developed techniques for isolating the active principle from herbal medicines.

However, the achievements of individual outstanding doctors could not change the general level of medical medicine of that time, and treatment, as a rule, turned out to be of little effectiveness. In the 17th century famous Leiden anatomist and practitioner, head of the iatrochemical school Sylvius /F. Sylvius (de la Boe) / in the traditions of humoral pathology reduced the whole variety of diseases to two groups - some are associated with the formation of "sour", and others - with the formation of "alkaline caustics". Thus, a tempting way to simplify treatment was opened - the introduction of either alkalis or acids. In turn, Santorio (S. Santorio) and other representatives of iatrophysics as a theoretical basis for treatment put forward mechanistic ideas about the body as a set of pumps and levers, presses and millstones and reduced treatment to sweatshops, etc. Bloodletting, as a therapeutic and even prophylactic method, became widespread, its abuse reached the point of absurdity: neither pregnancy nor the infancy of the patient could protect against this procedure, which even in the first half of the 19th century. often served as a direct cause of death of the patient.

A protest against fruitless theorizing, a call to replace it with unbiased medical supervision at the bedside of the patient was, in essence, the entire activity of the "English Hippocrates" Sydenham (Th. Sydenham), who in the 17th century. reiterated that the task of the physician is to promote the healing powers of the body; one should not get carried away with drug therapy when there are no specific means of treatment: "an experienced physician must sometimes refrain from any treatment, and at other times use very energetic drugs ...". He treated malaria with cinchona bark, anemia with iron preparations, gout with diet and gymnastics, and was often limited in his medical practice to psychotherapeutic effects.

In the middle of the 19th century, when the obvious successes in the development of physical methods for examining the patient and scientifically based intravital diagnostics came into conflict with the apparent lack of scientifically based therapy, the reaction to the prevailing polypharmacy (unjustified prescription of many drugs to the patient at the same time) took Skoda (J. Skoda) and other prominent representatives of the new Viennese school, an extreme form - the so-called therapeutic nihilism: "We can recognize, describe and understand the disease, but we should not even dream of being able to influence it by any means." As a kind of antithesis to active methods of therapeutic influence, homeopathy, built on the speculative concept of "similia similibus curantur" ("like is treated like") and other a priori postulates, but safe for patients.

Only in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century. In connection with the rapid progress of the natural sciences, in particular theoretical medicine (pathomorphology, experimental medicine, bacteriology) and technology, the formation of evidence-based therapy begins. The further rapid development of chemistry, physics, technology, biology, the scientific and technological revolution that swept the world in the second half of the 20th century, rearmed and transformed treatment. The possibilities of modern methods of treatment seem limitless. Endoscopy and ultrasound, hyperbaric chambers and radioactive isotopes, molecular biology and immunochemistry have made deep-lying organs and tissues and intimate mechanisms of vital activity accessible for therapeutic intervention.

The increase in the arsenal of modern therapy, especially the rapid production of pharmacological preparations, has increased the need for a comparative assessment of the effect of different drugs and non-drug treatments and the requirement for the validity of their use. Until the 19th century the therapeutic effect of drugs was tested on a patient, and experimental testing of pharmacological drugs was carried out on healthy animals, i.e. in conditions far from those that are inherent in the activity of a sick human body. Only in the 20th century put forward by the founder of experimental medicine in France, Bernard (S. Bernard), the idea of the need for experimental therapy, without which medical practice is often blind, has become generally recognized. Its successful development owes much to the method of reproduction of pathological processes in animals, i.e. the creation of experimental models of the disease, which was fruitfully developed in the USSR by the schools of I.P. Pavlova, A.B. Fochta, N.N. Anichkova, N.D. Strazhesko, A. L. Myasnikova and other pathologists and clinicians. The theoretical foundations of drug treatment were experimental pharmacology(the school of N.P. Kravkov played a special role in its development in the USSR), and then clinical pharmacology, the foundations for the development of which in the USSR were laid by B.E. Votchalom.

Surgery has made great strides; surgical methods of treatment began to be used not only for the elimination of focal pathological formations and processes, but also for endoprosthesis parts of organs, for transplantation of organs and tissues. Artificial pacemakers are widely used (see. Pacemaker), chronic hemodialysis, hemosorption, plasmapheresis (see Plasmapheresis, cytopheresis). Of the drugs, sulfonamides, antibiotics, hormonal drugs, cardiac glycosides, cytostatic and psychotropic drugs, vaccines and sera are used that actively affect various physiological systems of the body, which brought conservative therapy closer to surgery, both in terms of effectiveness and possible negative consequences of medical intervention.

Treatment requires professional knowledge and skills from the doctor who determines its content and methods. To select a therapeutic tactic, it is necessary to establish the correct diagnosis illness or injury. The inextricable link between the recognition of a disease and its treatment is reflected in the well-known medical aphorism “bene diagnoscitur, bene curatur” (good diagnosis is good treatment). Only conditionally, therefore, it is possible to speak of "self-treatment", when the patient, according to the experience of previous treatment or by analogy with the treatment of other persons, uses (often ineffectively and unsafely) certain methods of therapy. Attempts to heal, undertaken by persons who do not have a medical education, can lead to fatal consequences for the patient.

Great damage to the rational treatment of patients is caused by the prevailing one-sided understanding of treatment as taking medications, as well as the preconceived notion that invasive methods of administering drugs (“droppers”, intravenous injections, injections) are more effective than taking drugs orally. The doctor is constantly faced with persistent demands from patients to resort to such treatment. Along with this, not all patients follow the recommendations for the regular intake of the medicines they need (often for fear of side effects), and the doctor must take into account the possibility of a sudden arbitrary termination of the course of treatment, which can be dangerous in itself due to the development of the withdrawal syndrome, the rebound phenomenon. (for example, the development of a hypertensive crisis in connection with the abolition of clonidine).

Often treatment it is necessary to appoint with a lack of knowledge about the disease established in the patient or in the absence of a convincing diagnosis. Under these conditions, the doctor is obliged to exercise special care, observing the principle of "do no harm!".

In general medical practice, often underestimated side effects of medicines, drug incompatibility in polypharmacotherapy. Almost every drug is not without a number of side effects. When using many drugs, allergic reactions can occur, especially iodine preparations, penicillin, sulfonamides, novocaine, analgin (see. drug allergy); in people with allergies, an inadequate reaction to any drug is possible. Many highly effective drugs are not without toxic effects - nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neuro- or myelotoxicity. A positive pharmacological effect is also inextricably linked with certain adverse consequences, which include, during antibiotic therapy, the mass death of microbes with the release of endotoxins (the Herxheimer-Yarish reaction, “therapeutic” shock), the development of dysbacteriosis and subsequent fungal aggression (candidiasis, deep mycoses), decrease in the intensity of immune reactions in the acute period and the absence of persistent immunity to the infection, the development vitamin deficiency. In the US in the 70s. hospitalization due to pharmacological interventions exceeded hospitalization for infectious diseases.

Especially increases the risk of developing various kinds of complications with unjustified or illiterate simultaneous use of multiple drugs. Even with justified polypharmacotherapy, complications of drug treatment are observed, since it is impossible to evaluate all aspects of the interaction of prescribed drugs. The exceptions are official prescriptions tested by many years of practice, specially designed combinations of drugs for courses of polychemotherapy in oncological diseases (if at least one of the drugs is excluded from the combination, the effect is significantly reduced), rational combinations of drugs (for example, antianginal, antiarrhythmic drugs) with a complex pathogenesis of functional disorders . It is preferable to seek to increase the effectiveness of treatment by maximizing the use of non-drug treatments, rather than increasing the number of drugs. This also enhances the psychotherapeutic effect of treatment, especially prone to suggestion, suspicious, anxious patients.

The reduction of side effects of drugs and complications of medical procedures is facilitated by the constant improvement of means and methods of treatment, the introduction of new methods, incl. surgical. So, instead of blood transfusions, depending on the indications, transfusion of its fractions (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma, albumin) is used. In the treatment of vascular pathology, endovascular interventions are increasingly being used, for example, percutaneous transluminal (through-the-luminal) angioplasty (balloon vasodilation), selective vascular embolization; laser technology is used to restore the patency of blood vessels. The need for the appointment of antiarrhythmic drugs often disappears or decreases when an artificial pacemaker is installed in a patient. The scope of organ and tissue transplantation is expanding, in particular, bone marrow, kidney, heart, heart-lung complex, liver, pancreas, eye lens, skin flaps. With the help of microsurgical techniques, successful engraftment of fingers and whole limbs torn off as a result of trauma is carried out.

With significant progress in the creation of new methods of treatment, there is an increasing interest in methods folk medicine. It is often insufficiently substantiated. Traditional medicine has been and remains an intensively developed source of scientific medicine (suffice it to name some methods of reflexology, the use of medicinal plants), and that is why the artisanal attempts of overly enthusiastic or selfishly interested persons to oppose it to modern medical practice or to reveal its fundamentally new possibilities are unproductive.

The nature and extent of therapeutic measures are largely determined by the conditional provision of the patient medical and preventive care - It turns out it is urgent or planned. Emergency therapy consists in carrying out those therapeutic measures that are necessary for health reasons at the first stage of providing assistance to the patient (in military medicine - at this stage of medical evacuation). Intensive care is understood as a complex of specialized treatment that, due to the severity of the patient's condition, requires the use of special means, methods of treatment and medical equipment (for example, a ventilator), as well as regular monitoring of the patient's condition (for example, with the help of monitoring observation and specially trained and trained medical staff). In the process of providing emergency care, resuscitation may be required - removing the patient from a state of clinical death caused by cardiac arrhythmias (see. Defibrillation, Electrical impulse therapy) or cessation of breathing (see Artificial lung ventilation). In planned therapy, supportive treatment(a long course of treatment that provides remission of a chronic disease, secondary prevention of its complications or relapses); anti-relapse treatment(treatment courses prescribed at a certain time, season, or according to predetermined criteria for changing the patient's condition); restorative treatment- rehabilitation, i.e. a system of predominantly non-drug measures aimed at expanding the physical, psychological and social adaptation of persons with impaired professional and household capacity due to a past or chronic disease.

Timely treatment of a significant number of chronically ill patients ensures their clinical examination and regular monitoring of the dynamics of the patient's condition, taking into account his age, risk factors, professional and hereditary burden, previously identified diseases.

The wide technicalization of diagnostic and therapeutic processes, the inclusion in treatment and preventive care, along with the attending physicians, of numerous specialists in diagnostic and laboratory departments, the narrow profile of medical specialties objectively make it difficult for the patient to directly contact the doctor in charge of him, reduce personal responsibility for choosing treatment, contribute to the dehumanization of medicine . The doctor must weigh the possible harm and benefit of both the therapeutic agent and the diagnostic study. The gap between diagnostic methods, especially with the use of invasive and unsafe instrumental studies, and the choice of treatment tactics is unacceptable. The scope of the survey is dictated only by the need to optimize treatment and monitor its adequacy. An additional examination, pursuing exclusively cognitive purposes, is carried out only on a voluntary basis after informing the patient (or his relatives) about the essence of the procedures being performed. These questions, as well as commenting on the actions of other doctors and informing patients and interested parties about the nature of the disease, about the treatment being carried out, require strict adherence to the principles deontology medical. More common medical errors, the lack of psychotherapeutic skills of a doctor or insufficient consideration of the characteristics of the mental state and personality traits of the patient can lead to iatrogenic diseases, often with severe consequences or a long-term decrease in the patient's performance and quality of life.

Bibliography: Votchal B.E. Sketches of clinical pharmacology, M., 1965, bibliogr; Zhmurkin V.P. Pharmacotherapy, BME, v. 26, p. 210, M., 1985, bibliography, Kassirsky I.A. About healing. Problems and reflections, M., 1970, bibliogr.; Lakin K.M. and Zhmurkin V.P. Development of clinical pharmacology as a scientific basis for modern pharmacotherapy, BME, vol. 29, p. 143, M., 1988; Leshchinsky L. A. Deontology in the practice of a therapist, M., 1989; bibliography; Elshtein N.V. Dialogue about medicine, Tallinn, 1984, bibliogr.

The main principle of the treatment of prostatitis is an individual approach, taking into account the characteristics of a particular patient. Treatment of prostatitis is a long process, especially the treatment of chronic prostatitis. It is important to respect the principle of individuality, optimal therapy, and on the part of the patient - complete. confidence in the actions of the doctor, the courage to endure certain restrictions and even the willingness to eliminate bad habits. Chronic course of prostatitis has a stage of remission, attenuation of symptoms. Both the doctor and the patient need to remember that the remission period may end, and then there is a threat exacerbation of prostatitis.

Acute prostatitis: recommended bed rest, broad-spectrum antibiotics, sulfanilamide and nitrofuran drugs, as a rule, taking into account the sensitivity of the microflora. Warm sitz baths are prescribed (at a water temperature of 37-38 ° C, lasting 10-15 minutes), warm microclysters with antipyrine (0.5-1 g per 100 ml of water), suppositories with belladonna extract. With urinary retention, bladder catheterization is performed with the introduction of antibiotics into its cavity. With timely treatment, the prognosis is most often favorable, but the transition of an acute process to a chronic one is not excluded.

In the treatment of chronic prostatitis, the main role belongs to antibiotic therapy. It is recommended to select drugs in accordance with the sensitivity of the microflora. Against the background of antibacterial therapy, massage of the prostate gland, hot microclysters of 100 ml of water, decoctions of chamomile or sage heated to a temperature of 40-41 ° C), physiotherapy (inductometry, ultrasound, electrophoresis) are indicated.

In fact, the therapy of any form of prostatitis should be comprehensive and include the following components:
- ensuring the outflow of purulent-inflammatory secretion, separated from the excretory ducts of the acini of the prostate gland (massage of the prostate gland);
- physical methods of influence in order to improve the blood filling of the prostate gland (laser therapy, various modifications of physiotherapy, electrophoresis, warm microclysters with chamomile, sage, etc.);
- enzyme therapy (lidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, etc.);
- immunostimulating therapy;
- vitamin therapy;
- Antibacterial therapy.

A few words about the most unpleasant. The most disgusting, humiliating and painful procedure that awaits men during treatment of prostatitis is massage prostate. This is what allows some "doctors" to talk about the "latest methods" of treating prostatitis without prostate massage. Yes, men are willing to pay a lot of money to be cured, avoiding such unpleasant sensations. Alas, such methods of treating prostatitis appear and disappear every day, only proving again that prostate massage is basis for the treatment of prostatitis. The action of massage on the prostate consists in squeezing out the inflammatory secret accumulated in it with a finger, into the ducts and, ultimately, into the urethra. Also, when massaging the prostate gland, its blood supply improves (and congestion in the pelvis is one of the main factors development of prostatitis), which enhances the effect of antibiotic therapy. The effectiveness of prostate massage for prostatitis is due to the uniqueness of its structure and location. The prostate gland is the only organ whose massage effectively helps to cure acute inflammation. Massage of any other tissue or organ of the human body can only lead to the spread of inflammation and the progression of the disease.

Baths - the general name of procedures in which the human body is exposed to water, air, light or other, mainly natural, factors for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The most commonly used water therapeutic baths. At the same time, various medicines, herbal decoctions, therapeutic muds, etc. are added to the water.

Therapeutic baths are used in the form of general baths, semi-baths and local baths. With a common bath, the whole body is immersed in water, the head, neck, upper chest (including the heart area) to the nipples remain open. You should lie in the bath calmly, without tension, put a towel or rubber pads under your feet - an emphasis in the form of a stick with rubber tips or a special stand. When taking a half-bath, they are immersed in water up to the level of the navel. Half baths can be combined with dousing and rubbing. Local baths are prescribed for hands or feet. At the end of the bath, the body is wiped with a dry, better warmed, towel, after which it is necessary to rest for at least 30 minutes.

Depending on the temperature of the water, the baths are divided into cold (up to 20 ° C). cool (20-ZUS), indifferent temperature (34-37°C), warm (38-39°C) and hot (40°C and above). Cold and cool baths have a tonic effect on the body, stimulate the function of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, increase the intensity of metabolism, warm baths and baths of indifferent temperature reduce pain, relieve muscle tension, calm the nervous system, improve sleep. Hot baths increase perspiration and increase metabolism, have a relaxing effect on the body. Hot baths are contraindicated in heart failure. Full cold baths are useful for both the sick and the healthy in summer and winter. They promote health, cleanse the skin, refresh, revitalize the entire body. It is correct to take a bath like this: immerse your whole body in water and wash your upper body with a washcloth. Duration is not less than 1/2 minute and not more than 3 minutes.

On the day of taking a bath, it is not recommended to get tired, general baths should not be taken on an empty stomach and earlier than 1.5-2 hours after eating.
Physiotherapy in the treatment of prostatitis used in different versions. Its action is aimed at increasing blood circulation in the pelvic organs, which increases the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. For physiotherapy, electromagnetic oscillations, ultrasonic waves, laser exposure, or simply an increase in temperature in the rectum are used. If it is not possible to carry out physiotherapy, it is sometimes possible to limit oneself to microclysters of various drugs and warm water.

Immunocorrection for prostatitis is important, because. a long course of the inflammatory process and one or two wrong ones. Antibacterial therapies carried out in the past have a negative effect on the state of the immune system. In addition, to cure prostatitis, it is important not only to rid the gland of infection and inflammation, but also to prevent the development of inflammation in it again. To conduct a full-fledged antibacterial therapy, it is not enough just to ask the pharmacy “what do you have to increase immunity. For effective treatment chronic prostatitis required consultation with an immunologist, special tests.

The use of antibacterial drugs in the treatment of prostatitis is necessary: it is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria. The drug for antibiotic therapy should be correctly selected after appropriate diagnosis. Antibacterial therapy can have only two outcomes. Either the drug will kill all microorganisms, or some of them will survive and sooner or later remind of themselves. And after such a "training" it will be much more difficult to kill them. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully choose the drug, determine the scheme of application and dose. We must also not forget the general rules for antibiotic therapy. Under no circumstances should it be interrupted or suspended. If this happens, the diagnosis and treatment will have to be carried out again after a while. If after three days of antibiotic use there was no visible improvement in the course of the disease, the drug should be replaced by another (but not canceled). You should not use an antibiotic of the same group with a drug that you have recently used to treat another disease. Before starting treatment, be sure to consult a doctor (urologist, andrologist) on all these issues. Preparations for the treatment of prostatitis correctly Only a doctor can choose!

Doing healthy lifestyle it is necessary both for the treatment and prevention of prostatitis - if the factors predisposing to the disease persist, sooner or later it will arise again. It is necessary to make rational changes in your life - playing sports, walking, proper sleep and wakefulness, full and adequate nutrition, breaks for gymnastics when working at a computer are a guarantee that you will only have unpleasant memories from this disease.

Diet therapy. The nutrition of patients suffering from diseases of the prostate gland should be carried out taking into account many factors. These include the nature of the disease, its form and stages, the course of the disease, the complications that arise, the functional disorders of the diseased organ, the state of other organs and systems.

In case of prostate disease, a diet should be strictly observed with the exception of pepper, mustard, canned food, smoked meats, alcohol and beer. Zinc-rich foods are very useful - pumpkin seeds, nuts, peas, cereals and beans. Zinc is known to shrink the prostate and reduce symptoms in some people. In addition, zinc deficiency is associated with a predisposition to prostate cancer. One of the richest sources of zinc and essential fatty acids is pumpkin seeds.

One of the proposed diets provides the body's physiological needs for nutrients. At the same time, it creates favorable conditions for blood circulation in all organs and tissues, spares the cardiovascular system, digestive organs, urinary organs, improves the excretion of nitrogenous slags and underoxidized products from the body.

In the diet, proteins (80-90 g), fats (70 g), carbohydrates (350-400 g) are moderately limited, table salt is reduced to a minimum, as well as free liquid (up to 1000 ml). The energy value of the diet is 2600-2800 kcal.

Food is prepared without salt. Dishes stewed, boiled or steamed. With such a diet are allowed: wheat bread, gray; weak tea and coffee; raw fruit and vegetable juices, rosehip broth, milk, kefir, curdled milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, butter and vegetable fats; eggs (no more than one per day); vegetarian, cereal, vegetable, fruit, dairy soups; meat of non-fat varieties (beef, veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit) boiled or fried, baked after boiling; lean fish (perch, cod, navaga, carp) boiled or fried after boiling; vegetables and greens (carrots, beets, cauliflower, potatoes, green peas, fresh tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, pumpkin, zucchini, boiled onions, watermelon, melon) natural, boiled, baked; various cereals and pasta cooked with water and milk in the form of cereals, puddings, cereals, cutlets, etc.; various fruits and berries without limitation in raw and boiled form; kissels, compotes, jam, honey, dried apricots, dried apricots, prunes.

Excluded from the diet: meat, fish and mushroom broths; refractory fats (mutton, pork, beef);
carbonated foods; legumes (peas, beans, beans, lentils); alcoholic drinks; strong tea and coffee, cocoa, chocolate; spicy, salty snacks and seasonings;
internal organs of animals (brains, liver, kidneys); caviar, radish, radish, sorrel, spinach; canned meat and mushrooms; sweet flour products.

Dinner should be light, not burdening the gastrointestinal tract and not causing increased urination (prevention of nocturia - more urine per night than during the day). It is necessary to constantly monitor the regular emptying of the intestines.

Nutrient substances that have a pronounced laxative effect and are recommended for these patients include: vegetables (beets, carrots, cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, tomatoes); fruits, berries; dairy products (cottage cheese, kefir, curdled milk, cream, sour cream); dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots, figs, raisins); honey, vegetable fats (sunflower, corn, olive, cottonseed oil); cereals (buckwheat, barley, millet).

By skillfully selecting foods and dishes when building a diet, you can significantly contribute to the normal functioning of the intestines. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the composition of the diet, but also to the diet, since in all cases of disordered nutrition, the rhythm of the intestines is disturbed,
A good effect for the normalization of bowel activity is exerted by laxatives:
1. Buckthorn bark - 3 parts, nettle leaves - 2 parts, yarrow grass - 1 part. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with a glass of water (boiling water), drink 1/4 or 1/2 cup at night.
2. Senna leaves - 6 parts, buckthorn bark - 5 parts, joster fruits - 5 parts, anise fruits - 5 parts, licorice roots - 2 parts. Prepare and take as collection 1.
3. A laxative paste has an effective effect: wash 300-400 g of prunes and 250 g of figs in cold boiled water (remove the seeds from the prunes) and pass through a meat grinder, add 250 g of honey and 15 g of Alexandrian leaf crushed into flour. Mix everything and store in a cold place.
In this paste, you can increase or decrease the amount of Alexandrian leaf from 10 to 30 g and take it from one teaspoon to two tablespoons in half a glass of boiled water at room temperature.
As table mineral water, patients with inflammation of the prostate gland can be recommended carbonic bicarbonate-sodium water "Borjomi".

In cases where the disease is manifested by dysuric phenomena (frequent, painful urination), it is necessary to switch to a more strict diet. According to this diet, food is prepared without salt, only a small amount of salt is allowed during the intake. Eating 5 times a day. Liquids are allowed up to 1000 ml. Dishes steamed, boiled.

With this diet, regular baking bread, flour products are excluded from the diet; meat, fish and mushroom broths, legume soups, fatty fried and stewed meat and mushrooms without pre-boiling; sausages, sausages, canned food, smoked meats, salted fish; cheeses, legumes, mushrooms, sorrel, spinach, salted, pickled and pickled vegetables , pepper, mustard, strong coffee, chocolate, cocoa.

Treatment with bee products contributes to a significant reduction in the prostate gland, normalization of its secretion, and restoration of normal urine outflow. Sometimes treatment can be delayed for a long time (2.5-3 years). In most cases, it allows adenoma resorption eliminates surgical intervention, restores the patency of the urinary tract and prevents malignant degeneration of adenoma.

Due to the high antibacterial properties of propolis, it has been successfully used to treat inflammatory diseases of the prostate gland. It is recommended to use suppositories (rectal suppositories) with propolis. Suppositories should contain 0.1 g of propolis extract and 2 g of cocoa butter. Candles are injected into the anus 1 time per day, at night. The course of treatment is 30 days. Repeat it 2 - 3 times with a break of 1 - 2 months.

It is also recommended to use the following suppositories: 80 g of fat base (cocoa butter, interior beef fat, mixed in half with pork, butter, etc.), 7.5 g of propolis, 4.5 g of perga, 4.5 g of royal jelly and 12 g of honey. Melt the fat in a water bath to a viscous state and add the remaining ingredients (first propolis), cook, stirring, until a homogeneous mass is formed. Do not heat above 40C. Pour the resulting mass into foil molds 50 mm long and 10 mm in diameter. Store finished candles in the refrigerator. Apply 1 time per day, at night. The course of treatment is 30 days.

A decoction of dead bees (that is, dead bees that are found near the hive). 1 st. l. dead bees pour 0.5 liters of boiled water, bring to a boil and cook over low heat for 2 hours. Then leave to cool at room temperature for! -2 hours, strain and drink a decoction of 1 tbsp. l. 1-2 times a day for a month. After 6 months, the course of treatment can be repeated.

Pour 1 tbsp. l. dead bees 0.5 l of boiled water, bring to a boil and cook over low heat for 2 hours. Then insist at room temperature for 1-2 hours, strain, add 2 tbsp. l. honey and 2 tsp. 10% alcohol extract of propolis. Stir until honey dissolves. Drink on an empty stomach 1 tbsp. 1-2 times a day for 1 month. After 6 months, the course of treatment can be repeated.

Take I tsp. 10% propolis honey (keep in mouth until completely dissolved) 2-3 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals. The course of treatment is 1 month, then you should take a break for 10-12 days and repeat the course. "Reception" of propolis honey can be combined with the intake of herbal preparations.

Heat therapy. Heat therapy (heat therapy) is understood as a dosed therapeutic effect of heat on the patient's body. It is one of the methods of physiotherapy. Thermal exposure can be carried out by direct contact of human skin with a heat source - a heating pad, therapeutic mud, paraffin, ozocerite, as well as by generating heat inside the body as a result of absorbing the energy of light, electricity and electromagnetic fields. Distinguish between general and local therapy.

The local effect is largely due to changes in the local (and general) blood circulation: due to the expansion of the local blood capillaries of the skin in the heating zone, redness (hyperemia) of the skin quickly occurs. The degree of redness depends on the characteristics of the patient. Hyperemia of the skin is accompanied by a local influx of white blood cells, leukocytes, the formation of biologically active substances that regulate vital processes in the body. All this contributes to the processes of resorption and healing. In addition, clay and therapeutic mud contain biologically active substances. Heat has analgesic properties, relaxes spasms. In the treatment of certain diseases, increased sweating under the influence of heat is also important. With sweat, substances harmful to the body are excreted. The general reaction of the body to the action of heat consists in the activation of general biological processes, changes in the activity of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. The pulse quickens, blood pressure decreases, breathing quickens, muscle tone (tension) weakens, body temperature rises slightly, etc. The degree of response of internal organs to a thermal procedure depends on their initial functional state, on the general condition of the patient.

At the same time, even in ancient times, long before the discovery of electricity, heat treatment was a recognized and very widespread method of treatment. For it, such simple and cheap means as heating pads, warming compresses, hot baths, steam baths, saunas, hot sand, clay, therapeutic mud, paraffin were used. All these types of thermal treatments represent non-apparatus therapy.

Treatment with blue clay. In our time, a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, are successfully treated with clay (lotions on a diseased organ and ingestion). It has been established that clay has a strong antitumor effect that extends to both benign and malignant tumors. Local clay lotions are very effective in inflammatory diseases, including prostatitis. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the clay contains a very rare radioactive element with great power - radium. Treatment with clay provides the body with radium in its pure form, in its natural state and in the technical doses that the body needs. In addition to radium, clay contains essentially all the mineral salts and trace elements that we need, namely:
silica, phosphate, iron, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, etc., and in a form that is very well absorbed by the human body. Clay contains all the mineral salts and trace elements necessary for our body in the best proportions and combinations absorbed by the body.

There are many popular recipes treatment of prostatitis and adenoma, but they need to be used in addition to the treatment prescribed by the doctor. The variety of folk remedies and methods is based on the combination of taking three components of medicinal plants: anti-inflammatory, diuretic and antitumor action. When a disease occurs, a shift in the body's immunological abilities is very important. To maintain resistance to adverse factors, include cranberries in any form in the diet, infusions of marigold flowers (two tablespoons are brewed in half a glass of boiling water), a tablespoon 3 times a day. You can also use a decoction of herb succession (20 g per glass), drink also a tablespoon. Thus, in case of prostatitis, preparations of a complex composition from plants used to treat urethritis and cystitis are used in combination with plants that regulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, the tone of the nervous system and have a tonic and adaptogenic effect. To solve the latter problems, it is necessary to add soft plant biostimulants: eleutherococcus, ginseng, rhodiola rosea, leuzea, aralia, as well as celandine, angelica, elecampane. The last three plants are usually included in phytocollections, the rest are best used separately.

The combination of plants in the collections and the duration of the courses are selected individually. Average courses have a duration of 2-3 months (mandatory the entire period of acute manifestations of the disease) and are repeated for 1.5-2 months at intervals of 10-14 days during the first year of treatment. Further intervals can be increased up to 2-3 weeks. As a rule, course phytotherapy is effective for many years.

In each case, the nature of the diet is determined by the doctor. Only he is able to correctly assess and take into account a number of points. But the implementation of medical recommendations entirely depends on the patient himself.

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Currently, a huge number of people suffer from osteochondrosis. Many of them are not even aware of the problem. Meanwhile, if treatment is not started on time, complications will occur that will make themselves felt for the rest of your life. Osteochondrosis, like many other diseases, "gets younger" and significantly worsens the quality of life, knocking it out of its usual rhythm.

In our article, we will get a little acquainted with the disease itself, and also dwell in detail on the medical method of its treatment.

Osteochondrosis and its types

Osteochondrosis- This is a deformation of the articular cartilage, bone tissue of the spine and intervertebral discs.

Osteochondrosis happens:

lumbar (lumbosacral),
cervical,
chest.

Causes of osteochondrosis:

upright posture,
rachiocampsis,
spinal injury,
flat feet,
frequent heavy lifting
frequent changes in body position
long stay in uncomfortable positions,
spinal overload,
hypodynamia and obesity,
malnutrition,
stressful conditions.

Stages of development of osteochondrosis

Due to certain changes in the intervertebral disc, instability of the vertebrae appears. The spine is very susceptible to injury.
There is a beginning of destruction of the fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc. The intervertebral gap is reduced.
There is a rupture of the fibrous ring. The nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc protrudes. Due to the formation of an intervertebral hernia, deformation of the spine is provoked.
There is a pronounced pain syndrome. Due to the formation of bone growths and ossification of the ligaments of the spine, movements become limited.

Symptoms of osteochondrosis

Lumbar (lumbosacral) department

Constant pain in the back of a aching character.
Sensation of aches and numbness in the limbs.
Decreased motor activity.
Increased pain when making sudden movements, lifting weights, physical activity, during sneezing and coughing.

cervical

Pain in the arms and shoulders, headaches.
vertebral artery syndrome(burning throbbing headache, dizziness, noise in the head, colored spots and "flies" before the eyes).

Thoracic

Pain in the internal organs, in particular the chest ("prick" in the chest) and the region of the heart.

Definition of the diagnosis

Treatment of osteochondrosis with medicines

To begin with, it should be noted that at the initial stage of the development of osteochondrosis, in certain cases, you can do without drugs. It will be enough to use therapeutic exercises, all kinds of applicators (Lyapko roller, Kuznetsov's applicator), as well as reducing stress and eliminating other causes of the disease. If the symptoms are gaining strength, and studies have shown characteristic changes, drugs should be added to help influence both the cause and the symptoms of osteochondrosis.

Treatment of osteochondrosis with medicines is indicated during its exacerbation and is aimed at relieving the inflammatory process, relieving pain and enhancing metabolic processes due to internal intake or administration of drugs using injections.

Due to the fact that osteochondrosis is a systemic disease that negatively affects various organs and systems, its treatment should be comprehensive. Medicines for the treatment of osteochondrosis perform the following tasks:

anesthesia,
removal of inflammation
improvement of blood circulation in the affected tissues,
cartilage restoration,
return of mobility to the joints,
elimination of depression caused by constant pain.

So, what drugs can be prescribed by a neurologist for the treatment of osteochondrosis?

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Eliminate inflammation and pain. They are applied externally (gel, cream), inside (capsules, tablets), as well as in the form of injections (intramuscularly, intravenously, subcutaneously).

diclofenac(voltaren, diclak)
ibuprofen(nurofen, longevity)
ketoprofen(ketonal, febrofid)
nimesulide(nimesil, nise)
meloxicam(movalis, movasin)

Vasodilators (vasodilators)

As a result of muscle tension and pain in osteochondrosis, narrowing of blood vessels occurs. In order to avoid against the background of this undesirable consequences, the doctor may prescribe pentoxifylline(trental), which dilates blood vessels and improves tissue nutrition, as well as actovegin and berlition for a better restorative effect.

Muscle relaxants (muscle relaxers)

They have a relaxing and soothing effect on the muscles. The healing process without drugs of this group proceeds more slowly, because thanks to their properties, blood circulation is normalized, pain sensations are dulled, mobility returns, and the affected tissues recover faster. For these purposes, the doctor may be prescribed sirdalud,mydocalm or baclofen.

Chondroprotectors

Chondroprotectors do not give further destruction, stabilize the condition. Reception of chondroprotectors is long-term, lifelong, the effect occurs after treatment for a period of at least 6 months. Chondroprotectors are used externally, inside and in the form of injections.

glucosamine(dona)
chondroitin(chondroxide, structum)
glucosamine + chondroitin(arthra)
glucosamine + chondroitin + vitamins(teraflex)
alflutop(concentrate of 4 types of marine fish)

Sedatives (sedatives)

Prolonged pain syndrome can provoke stress and depression. In this case, preparations of valerian, motherwort, combined herbal preparations are prescribed. For more severe disorders, antidepressants are used. (symbalta), and to improve the process of falling asleep and the quality of sleep - sleeping pills (donormil).

Vitamins and vitamin-mineral complexes

B vitamins are of greater importance here, as they are able to restore the sensitivity of the affected nerve fibers and reduce pain. They are included in drugs such as milgamma(tablets and solution for injection) and neuromultivit(tablets).

For the purpose of general strengthening of the body, vitamin-mineral complexes can also be prescribed. (complivit, multi-tabs).

Treatment of diseases is the basis of the medical process. Based on the diagnosis, it is aimed at restoring the health of the body.

Recovery methods can be different, both traditional medical with the help of pharmacology and physiotherapy and other procedures prescribed by doctors, and non-traditional: herbs, meditation, relaxation.

Experienced doctors in the treatment of patients give priority to the physiological characteristics of the body.

The use of drugs

The purpose of diagnosis is to identify the disease. It also aims to determine which treatments and drugs will be most effective for a particular patient. Modern medicine uses folk remedies, massages, aromatherapy, homeopathic medicines.

The specific features that distinguish the treatment of women and men of the same diseases are considered.

Preparations are selected taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient: age, gender, the presence of allergic reactions, acceptance or rejection of certain groups of medicines.

Types of traditional treatment

Traditional treatment is conservative and surgical.

conservative includes:

herbal medicine;
pharmacotherapy;
immunotherapy;
UHF therapy;
radiotherapy;
laser therapy;
medicinal electrophoresis;
magnetotherapy.

Surgical methods are used when conservative measures are considered ineffective.

Patient awareness

Modern medicine is aimed at the full awareness of patients. Those on treatment have the right to know about the drugs they are taking. In the process of implementing a set of measures aimed at recovery, the doctor and the patient are a single team with clearly defined goals.

A thorough study of information about the disease, methods of its treatment, traditional and non-traditional drugs, as well as the psychological basis of the process are the pillars on which the success of the patient is based, striving for recovery.

The clinics pay attention to the treatment of folk remedies. Having proven their effectiveness, they are included in the complex of health measures. Traditional medicine offers a lot of tools that can replace traditional drugs. The role of homeopathy as an effective method of treatment without consequences for the body is not excluded.

A special section of medicine is the treatment of women, considered from the point of view of motherhood and the ability to bear a healthy child.

Medicine recognizes various ways to restore body functions. All means are good for the successful achievement of the goal. Vitamins, dietary supplements, aromatherapy - all this speeds up the process and brings the result closer, making it even more successful. The role of physical activity is not excluded.

Everything about treatment can be learned from the constantly updated sections of the rubric, the purpose of which is to inform doctors and patients about medicines and other means, the ultimate goal of which is a complete cure for all known diseases.

From this section "Treatment" you can learn about the existing methods of treatment and their application in practice. The rubric includes information about medicines and preparations used to treat diseases. Among them: