Causes of the formation of bladder stones in men: symptoms and treatment, preventive recommendations. Bladder Stone: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

A bladder stone is a fairly common diagnosis. The disease is associated with the deposition in the bladder cavity of small formations that interfere with the normal functioning of the genitourinary system. Interestingly, this problem is much more common among men.

Stones are usually composed of calcium oxalate and other minerals. They can be single or multiple, have a different shape, size and consistency.

Bladder Stone: Causes

To date, there are many reasons that lead to the formation of stones in the cavity:

The most common cause is the so-called infravesical obstruction - a phenomenon that is associated with partial blockage of the urinary outflow tract. As a result of interruption of the current, the bladder is not completely emptied. Urine stagnates and eventually begins to crystallize, forming stones of different sizes. In men, an enlarged prostate gland can lead to blockage, and in women, bladder lesions in the cervix can lead to blockage.

In addition, a bladder stone can result from narrowing of the urethra, phimosis, and other conditions that obstruct the flow of urine.

In some cases, a violation of the connections between the bladder and the nervous system leads to a similar problem - these diseases are grouped under the name "neurogenic bladder".

A stone in the bladder can form if there are foreign bodies in the organ cavity, including ligatures, stents, mechanical contraceptives (spiral).

In women, this phenomenon can lead along with the displacement of the bladder.

Reconstructive bladder surgery, which is done for bladder stones, can also cause stones to form.

It can be seen that there are actually a lot of reasons for the formation of solids in the cavity of the bladder.

Bladder Stone: Symptoms

Rarely, the disease may be asymptomatic. But in most cases, patients complain of severe pain in the lower abdomen. The urge to urinate becomes more frequent, but during this process there are severe pains that radiate to the genitals. Patients also complain of frequent nocturnal urges. Sometimes there are traces of blood in the urine. Sexual intercourse becomes painful.

Bladder stone: diagnosis and treatment

With the above symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor. First you need to pass urine tests - a laboratory test usually reveals an elevated level of salts. In addition, the patient is prescribed an ultrasound examination of the bladder, which allows you to determine the size and consistency of the stones. Much less often, an internal examination of the bladder is carried out with the introduction of a special device inside - a cytoscope.

As for the treatment, then, as a rule, conservative methods will be sufficient for a complete cure. The main goal of therapy is to dissolve stones and remove salts from the body. Therefore, patients are prescribed various drugs that destroy the structure of deposits. The choice of remedy here depends on the mineral of which the stone is composed. But sometimes surgical extraction of formations is still required.

- This is a pathology that is characterized by the formation of stones in the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. In this article, ureteral stones and bladder stones will be discussed in detail.

Reasons for the formation of stones in the urinary tract

To date, no one can name the exact reason why stones form in the ureters or bladder. Most scientists in the world adhere to the multifactorial theory, according to which several factors influence the formation of stones at once.

Probably the most significant of all the large number of risk factors should be considered malnutrition, namely the water-salt regime. Many scientists and practical urologists believe that stones in the bladder and ureters are formed precisely from an excess amount of salts in the body. At the same time, it is not at all necessary that this excess amount of salts gets along with food or water. Kidney dysfunction, in which insufficient sodium is excreted from the body, also contributes to a change in the normal composition of urine, which subsequently leads to the formation of calculi.

Inflammatory lesions of the mucous membrane of the urogenital canal can also lead to the appearance of stones. This is due to the fact that the protein substances that are produced as a result of the inflammatory process can serve as a kind of matrix during stone formation. In this case, the salt composition of urine can be absolutely normal.

Some influence on the development of urolithiasis is also played by the place of residence of a person. Numerous studies have shown that in the regions of the tropical and subtropical climatic zones, people are much more likely to suffer from urolithiasis than, for example, in the northern regions.

Signs and symptoms of bladder and ureter stones

The clinical picture of finding stone in the ureter quite specific. In this case, the so-called renal colic is observed, which is characterized by an attack of acute pain in the lumbar region on the side of the affected kidney. This pain may radiate to the perineum of the vulva or to the anterior surface of the thigh. In addition, Pasternatsky's symptom is characteristic of renal colic. It is characterized by the fact that even with a slight tapping of the fist in the kidney area, the patient has a significant increase in pain or the appearance of the latter.

In addition to acute pain syndrome, with such a pathology, changes in the urine are very often observed, which are characterized by the presence of blood, salts, sand, or even small stones (sand). This must be taken into account for the differential diagnosis of urolithiasis with other pathologies.

If the stone has already descended from the ureter into the bladder or formed directly in it, the signs of this are different. Symptoms with stones in the bladder less pronounced, but even they can establish an absolute diagnosis. In this case, there will be a small amount of blood or sand in the urine, as well as periodic aching or cutting pains in the perineal region, which are aggravated during intercourse or urination.

If a bladder stone moves quietly in its cavity, then at a certain moment it can block the mouth of the urethra. Most often, this is observed during the act of urination and is manifested by interruption of the jet.

Different types of stones

If you notice pain in the lumbar region or characteristic changes in urine sediment, then you should immediately contact a urologist who can prescribe additional studies and make a final diagnosis.

Diagnosis of stones in the bladder and ureter

The simplest, but sometimes most effective for bladder and ureteral stones is a general urinalysis. With this study, it is possible to identify the exact amount of blood, salts and other pathological substances that may be present in the urine with this pathology. The analysis is screening, since it is only the first step in the diagnosis of urolithiasis.

Twenty years ago, the most informative and accurate in the diagnosis of urolithiasis was considered excretory urography. This procedure is a diagnostic technique, which consists in the intravenous administration of a contrast agent, followed by x-rays of the abdominal organs. This study made it possible not only to see X-ray-positive stones in the ureter and bladder, but also to determine how well urine is excreted or not excreted through the urethra.

Excretory urography - a stone of the left ureter. 1 - stone shadow; 2 - stasis of the radiopaque substance in the dilated ureter.

But depending on their origin, the stones may not appear on the x-ray, this divides them into x-ray positive and x-ray negative.

Today, after the appearance ultrasound, excretory urography receded into the background somewhat. This is due to the fact that ultrasound gives results much more accurately and much faster. In addition, for ultrasound, there is no need to insert an intravenous catheter, which in any case is considered an invasion and threatens with infectious complications. And even if we consider this problem from a financial point of view, then ultrasound is much cheaper.

Another innovative technique in the diagnosis of urolithiasis is CT scan which gives even more accurate results than ultrasound. The essence of this study is that a whole series of images of the body is taken in different sections, which makes it possible to accurately assess the size and position of the stones. The only thing that stands in the way of the widespread introduction of computed tomography in the clinic is the cost of the procedure, which today is unbearable for people with average incomes.

Treatment of urolithiasis

Treatment of stones in the ureter and bladder can be divided into treatment of an acute attack and basic therapy. As for an acute attack, various lytic mixtures based on antispasmodics are very effectively used to eliminate it. These drugs, such as spasmalgon, baralgin, no-shpa, papaverine, can be purchased without a prescription at any pharmacy. They can be used in tablets, but as practice shows, intravenous or intramuscular administration is considered more effective. These drugs, by relaxing the wall of the ureter, contribute to the passage of the stone through the canal and its fall into the bladder. It must be remembered that antispasmodics only eliminate an acute attack, but in no way relieve the main cause - a calculus.

If the stone is not amenable to conservative treatment, then an acute attack of renal colic can be eliminated with the help of a special apparatus - a cystoscope. This metal tube with optics inside is inserted into the urethra, after which the mucous membrane of the bladder and the mouth of the ureters is examined. After that, in one of the holes in the ureter, where there is a problem, a thin tube called a stent is inserted. It promotes the outflow of urine from the kidney to the bladder, even in a situation where it “sits” tightly in the ureter.

Only surgery can be considered a radical method of treatment for urolithiasis, since only it eliminates the immediate cause of the pathology - the stone. The incision during surgery depends on the area in which the stone is located. After removal of the calculus, the operating field is drained to remove urine that may leak through the sutured wall of the bladder or ureter.

Features of nutrition and lifestyle with stones in the ureter or bladder

For any variant of urolithiasis, patients are recommended table number 7, which consists in limiting the use of salt, fatty foods, alcohol, spices and other extractive substances. Patients who suffer from urolithiasis should beware of hypothermia and excessive physical activity, which can lead to inflammation of the urinary tract, irritated by stones.

Rehabilitation after illness

All patients who have undergone surgery need bed rest for several days. In addition, they need daily dressings and care of the surgical wound.

In the long-term period, patients with urolithiasis are recommended sanatorium treatment with mud and mineral waters. Sanatoriums like Truskavets, Morshyn and Polyana are very good for this category of patients.

Treatment of bladder stones with folk remedies

It is impossible to cure urolithiasis with folk remedies just as much as it is impossible to cure with classical medicines. Nevertheless, horsetail tincture proved to be very good as a means for resorption of calculi and is now actively used even by representatives of traditional medicine. True, when using such a medicine, it is necessary to be extremely careful so that it does not get on the teeth, because this can destroy the enamel.

Complications of stones in the bladder and ureter

Complications of urolithiasis should be considered a violation of kidney function, which often leads to inflammation of the latter and the formation of an abscess in its cavity. This condition most often ends with an operation, the volume of which may even consist in the removal of this organ.

With bilateral renal colic, when the outflow of urine from both kidneys is disturbed, blood poisoning, which is called uremia, can develop. In such a situation, the condition of patients deteriorates sharply and approaches critical. Uremia can be fatal for patients, so it is necessary to be extremely careful in the treatment of urolithiasis in order to prevent such a condition in time.

Prevention of kidney and ureter stones

Since the etiology of urolithiasis is multifactorial, so should prevention. First of all, you need to adjust your diet. To prevent urolithiasis, it is necessary to exclude or limit fatty foods, smoked meats, pickles, spices and other foods containing a large amount of fat and salt.

You also need to remember about the correct water regime. It is considered normal if a person drinks about one and a half liters of liquid per day and goes to the toilet about six to ten times. If your personal performance falls outside this standard, you need to consider your own water-salt regimen.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that people in sedentary professions are much more likely to suffer from urolithiasis than active workers. Thus, sports can become another means of preventing urolithiasis.

Doctor urologist Startsev V.Yu

With urolithiasis, stones form in the kidneys and bladder, which can disrupt the functioning of the organs of the urinary system and cause various complications.

Urolithiasis affects 5-10% of people, men - 3 times more often than women. Usually urolithiasis develops after 40-50 years. However, there are cases in children. Most often, stones form in the kidneys, the likelihood of their formation in the bladder is much lower. More often, stones descend into the bladder from the kidneys through the ureters.

This article will focus on bladder stones. Read more about another manifestation of urolithiasis - nephrolithiasis (kidney stones).

Bladder

The bladder is a hollow, spherical organ located in the pelvis and serving to store urine. Urine contains waste products that the kidneys filter from the blood. Urine is carried from the kidneys to the bladder through two tubes called ureters. When the bladder fills, urine is expelled from the body through a channel called the urethra (urethra). This is called urination.

Stones can irritate the walls of the bladder, block the excretion of urine from it, disrupting urination. This contributes to the development of infection and leads to pain in the lower abdomen, impaired urination, and the appearance of blood in the urine.

If you experience any of the above symptoms, see your doctor. These signs do not necessarily indicate urolithiasis, but a more thorough examination is necessary.

The most common cause of stone formation is incomplete emptying of the bladder during urination. If urine stagnates in the bladder for a long time, some of its components precipitate, form crystals, which eventually form stones.

Stones are usually removed from the bladder by surgery. One of the most common types of surgery is cystolitholapaxy.

Symptoms of bladder stones

If the stones are so small that they can easily pass through the urinary tract and be excreted in the urine, there may be no symptoms. However, in most cases, urolithiasis is accompanied by severe complaints, since stones either irritate the walls of the bladder or interfere with normal urination.

Symptoms of urolithiasis include:

• pain in the penis, scrotum or lower abdomen (in men);
• pain or difficulty urinating;
• cloudy or dark urine;
• blood in the urine.

Additional symptoms seen in children include:

• persistent and frequent painful erections not associated with sexual desire (the medical term for this condition is priapism) in boys;
• bed-wetting.

• persistent pain in the abdomen;
• change in the habitual mode of urination;
• blood in the urine.

These symptoms do not necessarily indicate urolithiasis, but require a more thorough examination.

Reasons for the formation of stones in the bladder

The most common cause of stone formation is incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Urine is produced by the kidneys. It consists of water mixed with waste products of metabolism, which are removed from the blood by the kidneys. One of the decomposition products is urea, which consists of nitrogen and carbon. If the urine in the bladder stagnates for a long time, some chemicals precipitate and crystals form. Over time, these crystals harden and form bladder stones.

Some of the most common causes of incomplete bladder emptying are described below.

Prostate adenoma (prostate enlargement). The prostate is a small gland found only in men. It is located in the pelvis between the penis and the bladder and surrounds the urethra (urethra), which carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The main function of the prostate is to participate in the process of producing seminal fluid. For many men, the prostate enlarges with age.

neurogenic bladder A condition caused by damage to the nerves that control the bladder, preventing a person from emptying the bladder completely. A neurogenic bladder can have the following causes:

• severe injury to the spinal cord (a long bundle of nerves passing inside the spine from the brain), leading to paralysis (impaired motor activity of organs and parts of the body);
• diseases that cause damage to the nervous system, such as motor neuron disease or spina bifida (spina bifida).

Most people with a neurogenic bladder require a catheter to empty the bladder. A catheter is a tube that is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. The catheter drains urine from the bladder. This is called bladder catheterization.

However, the artificial way of emptying the bladder is not an ideal replacement for the natural one. Therefore, a small amount of urine may remain in the bladder, which eventually becomes the cause of the formation of stones. According to some estimates, about one in ten people with a neurogenic bladder will eventually develop a urolithiasis.

Bladder prolapse- a disease that occurs in women and develops when the walls of the bladder weaken and begin to hang over the vagina. This can interfere with the normal flow of urine from the bladder. Bladder prolapse can develop during periods of heavy exertion, such as during pregnancy, due to chronic constipation, or heavy lifting.

Bladder diverticula- These are saccular protrusions on the walls of the bladder. If diverticula grow to a certain size, it may be difficult for a person to empty their bladder completely. Bladder diverticula can be a birth defect or develop as a complication of infection or prostate adenoma.

Bladder enlargement surgery. There is an operation to increase the bladder, during which part of the intestine is sewn to the bladder. This technique is used, for example, to treat urgent (urgent) urinary incontinence. The results of studies have shown that approximately every twentieth person who has undergone this operation will encounter urolithiasis.

Monotonous food, saturated with fats, sugar and salt, having a lack of vitamin A and B, can increase the susceptibility to urolithiasis, especially if a person does not consume enough fluid. These factors can change the chemical composition of the urine, which can increase the likelihood of bladder stones.

Treatment for bladder stones

Small stones can pass out of the body on their own, for this it is recommended to increase the amount of fluid consumed to 6-8 glasses per day (about 1.2-1.5 liters). In other cases, medical attention will be required.

The most common surgeries to remove bladder stones include:

• transurethral cystolitholapaxy - the most common procedure for the treatment of urolithiasis in adults;
• subcutaneous suprapubic cystolitholapaxia - more often used to treat children to avoid damage to the urethra, but can sometimes be used in adults to extract very large stones;
• open cystotomy - often used for men whose prostate is so enlarged that it interferes with other procedures, or if the stone is very large.

These procedures are described in more detail below.

Transurethral cystolitholapaxy. During the operation, the surgeon will insert a cystoscope, a small hard tube with a camera inside, into your bladder through your urethra. The camera will help to detect stones. The stones are then crushed into pieces using laser energy or sound waves emitted by the cystoscope. Small pieces of stones are washed out of the bladder with fluid.

Transurethral cystolitholapaxy is performed under local or general anesthesia, so you won't feel any pain. There is a risk of infection during the procedure, so you will be given antibiotics as a precaution. There is also a small risk of bladder damage.

Subcutaneous suprapubic cystolitholapaxy. During the operation, the surgeon makes a small incision in the skin in the lower abdomen. An incision is then made in the bladder and stones are removed through it. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia.

Open cystotomy similar to subcutaneous suprapubic cystolitholapaxy, but the surgeon makes a larger incision in the skin and bladder. An open cystotomy may be combined with another type of surgery, such as removal of the prostate or part of it, or removal of bladder diverticula (sacs that form on the walls of the bladder).

The operation is performed under general anesthesia. The disadvantage of open cystotomy is more pronounced pain after surgery, a longer recovery period. But this procedure is necessary if the stone reaches a large size. You will also need a catheter for 1-2 days after surgery.

Complications during surgery

The most common complication of bladder stone surgery is the development of a bladder or urethral infection. These infections are collectively known as urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections occur in about one in ten people who have surgery. They are usually treated with antibiotics.

After your bladder stones have been removed, you will need to stay in the hospital for a few days so that your doctor can monitor your postoperative condition. The duration of hospitalization may vary depending on the type of surgery, the presence of complications and your individual characteristics. You will be scheduled for a follow-up examination, during which they will take an X-ray or CT scan to make sure that all the pieces of stones have been removed from your bladder.

Treatment of the cause of urolithiasis

After removing the stones from the bladder, it is necessary to cure the cause of the disease so that this does not happen again in the future.

BPH can be treated with drugs that both shrink the prostate and relax the bladder, making it easier to urinate. If medications do not help, surgery may be needed to remove the prostate or part of it.

If you have a neurogenic bladder (inability to control your bladder due to nerve damage) and you have developed urolithiasis, correction of the process of removing urine from the bladder is required. This may require placement of a catheter or replacement of the old one to improve bladder control.

Mild to moderate cases of bladder prolapse (when the walls of the bladder weaken and begin to droop into the vagina) can be treated with a pessary. This is a ring-shaped device that is inserted into the vagina and holds the bladder in place. In more severe cases, surgery may be needed to strengthen and support the walls of the bladder.

Bladder diverticula (saccular bulges) can be removed surgically.

Which doctor to contact with urolithiasis

With the help of the service NaPopravku you can quickly find a urologist - a doctor who treats bladder stones. If you need an operation, choose a good urological clinic on your own, after reading the reviews about it.

Stones in the ureter is a fairly common disease, which, although not a serious health hazard, still causes constant and difficult to bear discomfort.

Stones in the ureter are a very insidious disease that can be asymptomatic until the stones reach a certain size.

In my practice, most cases of stones in the ureter ended with litholascopy (percutaneous suprapubic surgery). But sometimes the usual medical treatment along with dieting may be enough.

Self-medication is not worth it; to diagnose and determine the size and composition of stones in the ureter, consult a specialist.

What are bladder stones

Bladder stones are the result of metabolic disorders, which will be the result of urolithiasis. Oxalate, struvite, phosphate, cystine, urate and mixed aggregates are formed from accumulated mineral salts and acids.

With the wrong content of urine in the urinary system, the concentration of salts pathologically increases. The composition of urine is disturbed, the precipitate that precipitates crystallizes and forms calculi. The chemical composition of the “blockage” of the urinary tract is always different, its study allows you to clarify the symptoms and prescribe the right treatment.

Bladder stones taken for analysis in an adult are composed of uric acid in about half of the cases. Children's calculi come from calcium oxalates and phosphates, and other elements.

Bladder stones are soft and hard formations, single and multiple, rounded and hard, with a rough, layered and smooth surface, in the form of spikes and polyhedra. They differ in size and location. They are small and very large. There are specimens with a diameter of 1 millimeter to 10 centimeters.

Bladder stones are formed as a result of malnutrition, metabolic disorders, congestion, leading to urolithiasis.

Types of stones in the bladder

In adults, uric acid stones are the most common (>50%), among children (in endemic regions), stones consisting of uric acid crystals, calcium oxalates and calcium phosphates are the most common.

Bladder stones can be single (Fig. 1) and multiple (Fig. 2), small, large, up to the size occupying the entire bladder.

According to the consistency of the stones - from soft to extremely hard.

By type of surface - from smooth (Fig. 3) to spiny (Fig. 4).

Urolithiasis leads to the appearance of stones in the bladder. This is a pathological condition characterized by a violation of the properties of urine, which is caused by changes in the anatomical structure and functioning of the body.

The disease is quite widespread in children and adults. It is diagnosed in 2-3% of people who have reached the age of 20 who have consulted a doctor. The deposition of harmful substances, in particular, phosphoric acid and calcium salt, from which phosphate accumulations are formed, affects the urinary tract, ureter and kidneys.

Stone formations of various consistencies most often occur in the kidneys. With physical exertion, the finished stone moves down from the upper urinary tract. Bypassing the low-lying structures of the urinary organs, the calculus enters the bladder and lingers in it.

The patient's condition may become even more critical when the stone advances. A large and hard stone can get stuck in the opening of the urethra, obturating the lumen.

If the stagnation of urine began directly in the bladder, dense stony formations originate precisely in the walls of the urea. In addition, the outflow of urine is disturbed due to persistent stricture (narrowing) of the urethra. The presence of tumors and inflammatory processes in the prostate provoke bladder stones in men.

The risk of developing urolithiasis is not excluded in children with a pathologically narrow urination channel.

Effect of gender and age on bladder stones

It is imperative to pay attention to problems with urination in 50-year-old patients. Due to age-related changes in the prostate gland, their bladder may cease to function normally, the accumulated urine is not completely emptied.

The older generation of the stronger sex, which has reached retirement age, is widely covered by diseases of the genitourinary system. A side effect that complicates the course of underlying diseases is the formation of bladder stones.

Stone formation is provoked by:

1. prostate diseases and urethritis;
2. failure in metabolic processes, the formation of phosphate, urate, oxolate salts;
3. diseases of the musculoskeletal system - injuries, osteomyelitis, osteoporotic conditions;
   infections that cause dehydration;
4. food preferences that affect the increase in acidity in urine. Fans of spicy, excessively bitter and sour dishes sometimes expect the deposition of salts, which soon petrify;
5. regional location. In some regions, water hardness is increased due to the high concentration of salts that provoke the appearance of urate stones;
6. in a climate with high air temperature, the salt content in the urine increases due to increased sweating;
7. conglomerates can form with all sorts of urological inflammations. These are renal nephritis, nephroptosis, diseases of the prostate and all parts of the genitourinary system;
8. gastritis, colitis and all kinds of ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract;
9. bladder diverticulitis;
10. uterine spirals, prostheses, catheters and other foreign bodies.

Entrust the identification of the cause of the disease to urologists. You should consult a doctor if you have discomfort in the side and lower back, blood in the urine, frequent false urge to urinate, a decrease in the amount of urine.

Symptoms of bladder stones

The presence of urinary conglomerates causes in men, women and children a feeling of sharp pain in the abdomen and back, in the lumbar region. In some cases, blood appears in the urine - this symptom is called "hematuria".

Pain as a symptom

The main symptom of the presence of stones in the bladder is acute pain in the lower abdomen, which occurs in response to physical activity. Physical exercises, weight lifting, physical activity, vibration increase the exacerbation of pain.

At rest, the pain usually subsides and disappears completely. But by changing the position of the body, the patient risks causing the movement of the stone along the urinary tract. The integration of the calculus during physical activity responds with a change in the localization of unpleasant sensations.

Bypassing the lower back, the pain descends to the groin as the stone moves from the kidneys to the bladder and ureter. When the stone is at the bottom of the bladder or falls into the ureter, the person constantly wants to urinate.

Spasms

The situation is not always limited to frequent urges, the stone can block the ureter. Urine does not enter the bladder and accumulates in the kidneys. This dangerous condition is signaled by spasms in the lower back and abdomen.

Cramping pains

Cramping pains are the first sign of renal colic. Painful contractions are repeated, often the patient has a fever, he may be feverish and nauseous. The attacks stop when the stone finds a way out or moves aside, the flow of urine is getting better.

If the patient has symptoms such as:

• abnormal frequency of going to the toilet;
• cramping pains in the sides and abdomen;
• complete absence or unusual appearance of urine - cloudy, thick, fetid;
• throwing in chills or fever;
• increased pain - urgent medical attention is needed.

With acute urinary retention, there is a possibility of blockage of the urethra with a stone. The way out is to immediately call the doctors at home. First aid doctors will first anesthetize the patient, then apply the method of laboratory diagnostics in a medical facility.

Pain in urolithiasis are cutting, aching, protracted.

Strong, pronounced pain is experienced by the patient when hard stone oxalate and brittle phosphate compounds move through the nerve endings.

Making their way out rough stones and crushed fragments injure the bladder and the external opening of the urethra. Severe pain attacks cause scratches from small sharp calculi and pushing through large “lumps”, which responds with incessant pain in the genitals.

Blood in the urine

A characteristic symptom of stones that have filled the bladder is hematuria - the ingress of blood into the urine. Occurs with injuries and scratches with sharp stones that injure the mucous membrane.

When the stone is displaced, it injures the transition to the urethra. In this case, blood may appear only when the emptying of the bladder is completed.

If traces of blood in the urine are visible with your own eyes, this is gross hematuria.

Unlike the manifestations of macrohematuria, the processes of microhematuria are hidden, blood can only be detected in the picture of an increase in erythrocytes, under the glass of a laboratory microscope.

No symptoms

The asymptomatic course of the pathology for several years is typical for patients with the presence of smooth and soft urates. They do not cause pain until they are on the wall of the bladder. Soreness is felt when urate conglomerates enter the sensitive zone of nerve endings.

Diagnosis of bladder stones

The health and life of patients depend on timely and adequate treatment. One of the most important stages of the examination, doctors - urologists consider the mandatory detection of stones on special equipment and the elimination of provoking factors.

It is not enough to simply remove the stone without finding out why it appeared. After some time, the possibility of relapse is not ruled out. Before making an appointment, the doctor must choose the right strategy for treating the patient.

Only a professional consultation, including a comprehensive examination of the patient, can determine whether to use a conservative method or whether a patient needs surgery.

The main criterion for determining the causes and severity of the disease is a comprehensive diagnosis using modern methods of diagnosis.

Ultrasound examination of the body, various urine tests will help to detect stones in the bladder.

The doctor may prescribe an x-ray of the genitourinary system in the bladder area, magnetic or computed tomography, use the data of a special device - a cystoscope, and conduct an urographic examination using contrast agents.

Treatment of bladder stones

As we saw above, simply balancing your diet so as not to grow the disease with your own hands is not so easy. It turned out that we, successful and modern people, often do not think about elementary things.

In particular, over how much a full-fledged dinner cooked at home weighs and what, with such a volume, is its true nutritional value. We rejoice in our appetite and excellent digestion with zero activity, not realizing that this is more an anomaly than a reason to be proud of ourselves.

We are sure that for an omnivore, a diet based on the principle “the more vegetables, the better” is ideal. And at the same time, we are afraid like a fire of completely natural, simple substances like caffeine or theanine, fearing that they can be much more harmful.

Yes, we have enough difficult problems at work and in the family. And we are sure that if we add to them the count of bread units, the dosage of portions, the schedule for taking supplements, they will take away our last joy. Namely, the ability to simply eat what you want, in the amount you want.

We sincerely want someone else, less busy and smarter, to make at least some of the necessary decisions for us. And saved our already overloaded cortex from all these details ...
In general, the constant reminding yourself of the need instead of desire really ruins the appetite for many.

Diet as a way to treat kidney and ureter stones

But while we are talking about prevention, we do not have to follow these rules every day. It’s just that in this case it’s important not to turn the “breathers” themselves into a rule. The main thing for us is to find that form of maintaining nutritional balance, which, while prolonging our life, does not at the same time poison every moment of it.

A collection of strict rules is treatment - therapeutic measures aimed at eliminating or compensating for an already fully developed pathology. And even having taken care of the state of our metabolism on time, even taking all the measures in our power, we must understand that they do not guarantee us complete safety.

Indeed, in addition to our own mistakes, there are still such “misunderstandings” as concomitant diseases, really very significant features and circumstances of our life path. sometimes their influence is so strong that no, even the most thorough, self-care can save it from it.

Much in our lives is more like an inevitability than a simple threat. With many facts of reality we cannot cope in any way! ’, and measures. And this means that everyone has the prospect of getting sick, always, at any age.

Someone has a higher probability of one disease, someone has another, but nothing more. And it is likely that all the measures we have taken above compensate for the harm caused, as it were, by life itself, only partially. And they won't affect him at all.

Medical treatment

A potentially viable treatment for uric acid stones is to alkalize the urine and follow appropriate diets depending on the type of salt found in the urine.

Surgery

In contrast to the cases of kidney and ureteral stones, the method of electrohydraulic remote lithotripsy did not show high results in the treatment of bladder stones.

To date, the main surgical methods for the treatment of bladder stones include:

• Endoscopic methods:
  1. Transurethral cystolitholapaxy - after cystoscopy and stone detection, a special energy device (mechanical, pneumatic, ultrasonic, electro-hydraulic, laser) crushes the stone under the control of the surgeon's eye, after which the crushed stone is removed through the cystoscope. It is the treatment of choice in adult patients. Relative contraindications for the use of the method are a small volume of the bladder, pregnancy, the presence of a pacemaker in the patient.
  2. Percutaneous suprapubic litholapaxy (method of choice for treatment in children) - the method allows you to more quickly and safely crush the stone and highlight stone fragments. The method is contraindicated in cases of previous operations on the pelvic organs, the lower abdominal cavity, with a small volume and insufficiently filled bladder.
• Open suprapubic cystolithotomy - allows you to remove a stone / stones of significant size, stones that cannot be crushed by the above methods, stones attached to the wall of the bladder. The method is also used when combined prostatectomy (adenomectomy) or surgical treatment for bladder diverticulum is necessary.

What are the indications for surgical treatment of bladder stones?

1. Lack of effect from drug therapy.
2. Recurrent bladder infections.
3. Acute retention of urine.
4. Intractable pain in the lower abdomen.
5. Hematuria (admixture of blood in the urine).

What type of anesthesia is used for surgical treatment?

Treatment can be performed under local, spinal and general anesthesia. The choice of anesthesia method depends on the patient's comorbidities and the decision of the anesthesiologist.

Prognosis after removal of bladder stones

Timely access to a doctor and compliance with the course of treatment completely eliminates the disease. The prognosis for recovery is favorable. To avoid the resumption of crystallization of deposits of uric acids and calcium in the urea, it is necessary to adhere to the rules that promote a healthy lifestyle.

Risk factors that can trigger the resumption of inflammation, infectious diseases of the urinary system and the re-formation of calculi in the bladder:

• abuse of junk food and alcohol;
• excessive passion for lifting weights;
• living in too damp, cold, hot atmosphere;
• sharp changes in day and night temperatures.
• Restore and maintain health after treatment:
• a neutral diet that excludes fatty, spicy, smoked foods and spices;
• moderate physical activity, reasonable loads.
• Periodic warm-ups during sedentary work.

Traditional methods of treating bladder stones

Urinary stones are formed as a result of a violation of the metabolism of certain substances and functions of the endocrine glands (thyroid and parathyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands).

The occurrence of urinary stones contributes to the long-term use of products containing a large amount of starting substances for the formation of salts of uric and oxalic acids, as well as stagnation of urine in the urinary tract - kidneys, ureters, bladder.

These factors create conditions for the precipitation of salt crystals from the urine, which are usually dissolved in it, and the formation of urinary stones of various composition. During an attack of renal colic, you must call a doctor.

Self-treatment

Self-medication (hot baths, painkillers) in such cases is unacceptable, since similar attacks can also be observed in some acute diseases of the abdominal organs.

The treatment of urolithiasis consists in the removal of stones and the elimination of the inflammatory phenomena associated with them. All this can be achieved with the timely and proper use of traditional medicine methods.

A kidney stone is softer and smaller, with a reddish tint, while bladder stones are harder and much larger and may be black, ashen, or white. People with bladder stones are generally lean, while people with kidney stones are the opposite.

With stones in the bladder, itching and pain in the organs are constantly felt. In children, stones are most often formed due to outdoor games on a full stomach, as well as due to the narrowness of the tubules in the bladder. In older people, stones appear, as a rule, due to weakness of digestion.

With the help of baths and baths, it is sometimes possible to force the stones to come out. However, frequent use of baths weakens the kidneys. For kidney stones, it is useful to lie on your back.

Below are recipes for some folk remedies that help with kidney stones, bladder or gallbladder. If the use of any of these remedies does not give the desired result, you need to try other remedies.

Folk recipes for bladder stones

* The most powerful medicine that crushes bladder stones is scorpion oil, prepared as follows: dry scorpions or place them alive in vegetable oil in a ratio of 1:4 and expose to the sun for 9 days. The prepared oil is smeared externally on the area of ​​the bladder at night.

* With stones in the bladder, ash from scorpions helps. To prepare the ashes, you need to coat a half-liter clay or ceramic pot with clay or dough, put scorpions in it, close the lid, coat with clay and put in a hot oven or oven overnight.

Take 1 time per day on the tip of a knife. They also make ashes from hare meat, but this ashes must be washed down with water. Fireflies without heads and legs act similarly if they are dried in the sun in a copper dish.

* Bladder stones are expelled by tea from the roots of the thigh, mixed equally with tea from rose hips and with the addition of 1 tsp. honey for 1 cup of the mixture.

* For pain in the bladder, it is useful to water it with infusion of any of the herbs: chamomile, sweet clover, marshmallow or bran infusion. In this case, an enema also helps.

* For urolithiasis: mix 10 g of wild strawberry leaves, lingonberries, rosemary, horsetail grass, licorice root, cumin and juniper fruits. Pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 tbsp. l. mixture, insist 2 hours and strain. Drink 2 glasses a day.

* To remove stones from the kidneys and bladder, it is recommended to take turquoise powder on the tip of a knife 3 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals with water.

* To remove stones from the kidneys, bladder and gallbladder: grind 70 peppercorns in a coffee grinder, mix with flour and make small cakes (35 pieces). These lozenges should be taken one per day.

* With stones in the kidneys and bladder: pour 100 ml of boiling water 4 tsp. crushed parsley roots and insist overnight in a thermos. Drink 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day for 20 minutes. before meals.

* An infusion of viburnum flowers destroys stones in the kidneys, urinary and gall bladders. Pour 1 glass of water 2 tsp. flowers and insist 4 hours. Drink 1/3 cup 3 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals.

Folk recipes to prevent the development of stones

* Brew 3 cups boiling water 6 tbsp. l. crushed rosehip roots, put on fire and boil for 15 minutes. from the moment of boiling. Drink warm 1 glass 3 times a day after meals. Approximately 20 min. after the rosehip decoction, you need to drink 1/2 cup of the bearberry decoction. Brew 3 cups boiling water 3 tbsp. l. herbs, boil 1/3 of the broth on the stove.

* Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. l. knotweed herbs and, having wrapped, insist 1 hour. Drink 1/3 cup in 30 minutes. before meals. Then at intervals of 5-10 minutes. (also before meals) drink 1/2 cup decoction of cocklebur leaves. Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. l. leaves, wrapped, insist night in a thermos and strain. The best are cocklebur leaves collected in mid-August.

* Boil in 0.5 liters of milk for 5 minutes. 1 st. l. herbs and 1 tbsp. l. goose cinquefoil roots and leave for 30 minutes. Drink for 20 min. before meals: in the morning - 150 ml, at lunch - 100-120 ml, in the afternoon - 70-80 ml and the rest - before dinner. Simultaneously with a decoction of Potentilla, you need to take 1/3 cup of knotweed infusion. Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. knotweed, insist 1 hour and strain.

* Brew 1 cup boiling water 1/2 tbsp. l. rose hips, boil for 10 minutes. over low heat, insist for a day and drink 1/2 cup 2-3 times a day before meals. You can drink 1 glass before bed.

* The destruction of stones in the kidneys, urinary and gallbladder contributes to the juice of immature flowering rye equally with the juice of the stem and ear of goose cinquefoil. Take 2 times a day for 3 tbsp. l.

* To dissolve stones in the kidneys and bladder, it is recommended to take a decoction of horsetail: pour 30-50 g of horsetail with 1 cup of boiling water, hold on low heat for 20 minutes. and take 3 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day. Outwardly, take baths from a decoction of horsetail.

* Stones in the kidneys, urinary and gallbladder dissolve gradually and painlessly if you drink beetroot juice for a long time.

* The dissolution of stones and sand in the kidneys and gallbladder is facilitated by an apple diet: at 8.00, drink 240 apple juice and then drink 480 g of juice every 2 hours, ending with the last portion at 20.00. The first 2 days of this diet should not eat anything else. At the end of the day, you can take an herbal laxative. In exceptional cases, it is recommended to make an enema of warm water and take a hot bath after it (necessarily without soap). On the third day, you need to drink 480 g of apple juice at 8.00, after 30 minutes - 120 g of pure undiluted Provence oil and immediately after that - 1 glass of apple juice. If weakness appears, lie down and rest. Usually the result appears on the third day 1-2 hours after taking the juice. Pebbles will start to come out of the body.

Traditional methods of rehabilitation after surgery

* For stones in the kidneys, ureters and bladder: mix the flowers of tansy and horsetail grass and 20 g of lingonberry leaves, calamus rhizomes and wheatgrass rhizomes in the south. Pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 tbsp. l. mix, boil for 5 minutes. and strain. Drink in the morning during breakfast and in the evening 1 glass,

* One of the strongest remedies for stones in the kidneys, urinary and gall bladders is the pure dried blood of a four-year-old goat. It is best to take blood at the end of August. The collected blood should be left until it is completely curtailed, then cut into small pieces and made from them into cakes 15-20 mm in size.

Putting these cakes on a sieve or on a clean rag, they need to be placed in the sun, covered with gauze or a piece of silk from dust and flies, as well. after five hours, transfer to a dry place. Take 2 lozenges with a spoonful of sweet wine or syrup or parsley juice when there is no attack.

* To remove stones from the kidneys, liver and bladder, you need to take the egg shell from which the chickens hatched, grind it into powder and take 0.5 tsp 3 times a day with water.

* Mix 1 tsp. radish seeds, beans and zha oil, cumin, insist in the warmth of the night, grind and strain. Dilute with boiled water (100 ml) and drink 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day.

* For prevention with a predisposition to the formation of stones in the kidneys, liver and bladder and the removal of already formed stones, it is recommended to constantly and in large quantities take the following infusion:

1 st. l. brew wild mallow with 1 cup of boiling water and add to the infusion 1 tbsp. l. ghee and honey.

The human body is a reasonable and fairly balanced mechanism.

Among all infectious diseases known to science, infectious mononucleosis has a special place ...

The disease, which official medicine calls "angina pectoris", has been known to the world for quite a long time.

Mumps (scientific name - mumps) is an infectious disease ...

Hepatic colic is a typical manifestation of cholelithiasis.

Cerebral edema is the result of excessive stress on the body.

There are no people in the world who have never had ARVI (acute respiratory viral diseases) ...

A healthy human body is able to absorb so many salts obtained from water and food ...

Bursitis of the knee joint is a widespread disease among athletes...

Bladder stones symptoms in men treatment

Bladder Stones Symptoms in Men: Home Treatment

Urolithiasis or cystolithiasis is characterized by the formation of calculi (stones) in the bladder. Treatment of urolithiasis with folk remedies is aimed at the gradual crushing and removal of stones. Stones in the bladder in men often form after 45 years. This is usually associated with existing urological pathologies.

Development factors

Cystolithiasis can develop in older men and boys under 6 years of age due to inadequate bladder emptying. Stagnation and concentration of residual urine lead to the precipitation of salt crystals. In children, stones can form due to a narrowing of the urethral opening that occurs against the background of balanoposthitis or phimosis. The main reasons for the formation of stones in men:

• prostatic hyperplasia;
• disturbed metabolism;
• heredity;
• prostate cancer;
• diseases of the skeletal system (osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, trauma);
• beriberi and lack of ultraviolet radiation;
• malnutrition (eating spicy and sour foods increases the acidity of urine, causing the deposition of salts);
• hot climate (against the background of increased sweating, the concentration of salts in the urine increases, stones form);
• diseases of the genitourinary system of an inflammatory nature;
• drinking water with a high content of calcium salts;
• disorders in the digestive tract;
• infectious diseases accompanied by fluid loss.

The formation of stones can be primary or secondary. In the primary form, stones are formed against the background of stagnation of urine. They are formed due to the deposition of sediment from the constituent parts of urine, which crystallize and harden. In the secondary form of the disease, stones form in the kidneys and migrate through the ureter into the organ cavity.

The number of stones can vary from one to several dozen. They can differ in size - they can be the size of a grain of sand or reach a diameter of up to 5-10 cm. Stones also differ in their chemical composition:

• phosphate (created from salts of phosphoric acids against the background of metabolic disorders, have a fragile structure);
• oxalate (formed from salts of oxalic acid, brown calculi with a rough surface, can scratch the mucous membrane, causing pain and urine staining reddish);
• urate (formed on the basis of urates (salts of uric acid), have a smooth surface, do not injure the mucous membrane, are formed with gout and dehydration of the body, often observed in residents of warm countries);
• protein (they are casts of protein).

The manifestation of the disease

Symptoms indicating the presence of stones in the bladder are ambiguous. When the stone begins to descend into the cavity of the organ, renal colic occurs, manifested by acute pain in the lumbar region, which radiates to the perineum, genitals, and thigh. This changes the composition of urine. Crystals of various salts, sand, bloody impurities, etc. appear in it.

In the presence of phosphate stones, loose light flakes are present in the urine. During urination, the stream is interrupted, pain occurs in the lower abdomen.

The manifestation of cystolithiasis is less pronounced when the stone has already descended into the bladder cavity or has formed. Then the cutting or aching pain intensifies only with urination and sexual intercourse. At the same time, the concentration of impurities of blood and sand in urine remains insignificant.

Calculi, freely moving through the cavity of the organ, can cause blockage of the urethra. Then, during urination, there is a sharp overlap of the jet. The main symptoms of stone formation in the bladder:

• dull pain aggravated by urination;
• urine mixed with blood;
• changes in urine, manifested by turbidity, density or bad smell;
• frequent unbearable urge to urinate, accompanied by pain;
• interruption of the stream during urination.

When there is an unreasonable change in the color of urine, the appearance of sediment in it, pain occurs in the lumbar region, it is necessary to be examined by a urologist in order to identify the causes of this condition. Early detection of cystolithiasis contributes to successful treatment. Phytotherapy can be used to improve the effectiveness of traditional methods.

Phytorecipes

Treatment of urolithiasis with folk remedies involves the use of various medicinal herbs. It is necessary to coordinate with the attending physician the possibility of using certain herbal remedies.

Brew 2 tbsp. l. cranberries 200 ml boiling water. Heat for 30 minutes on a steam bath. Filter after cooling. Drink 3 times a day for 70-100 ml. Store the prepared broth in the refrigerator for no more than 24 hours.

Knotweed grass helps to crush stones. Pour into a thermos 1 tsp. crushed raw materials, pour 250 ml of boiling water. Insist for a day. Drink the resulting infusion in 3 doses. It is best to take it 30 minutes before meals.

Mix 2 parts of strawberry and currant leaves and 1 part of knotweed grass. Brew 1 tbsp. l. crushed herbal collection 1 liter of boiling water. Leave to infuse for an hour, then filter. Take before meals 2 tbsp. l. 3 times a day. This infusion helps with urate-type calculi.

Carrot helps to remove stones from the bladder. Root crops need to grate and brew 3 tbsp. l. 750 ml of boiling water. Insist all night. Drink the finished medicine warm throughout the day. The duration of admission is 1 month.

An infusion of wild carrot seeds is prepared as follows: brew 3 tbsp. l. seeds 600 ml of boiling water, stand for 10-12 hours and filter. Drink 200 ml of the product 3 times a day. Carrot juice is also useful. It is recommended to drink it for 4-6 months 3-4 times a day, 1 tbsp. l.

Grind corn columns with stigmas. Steam 1 tsp of raw materials with 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 2 hours. You should drink 100 ml of infusion before meals 3 times a day for six months. This tool promotes the crushing of stones of any type in the bladder. Similarly, you can prepare an infusion of corn stigmas, blueberry leaves, violets and heather, taken in equal amounts.

Rose hips, linden blossoms and mint should be mixed in equal parts, brewed instead of tea. This drink should be taken with meals 2 times a day. You can prepare an infusion using only rose hips. It is necessary to insist 2 hours 1 tbsp. l. ground fruits, filling them with 0.5 liters of boiling water. Drink 100 ml 3 times a day.

Dried sorrel root should be ground to a powder. 3 art. l. powder pour 0.5 liters of any wine. Leave for 3 days to infuse. It is recommended to drink the medicine 30 minutes before meals, 1 tsp. 3 times a day. It perfectly crushes stones in the bladder.

Grind the greens and parsley roots. Take 1 tsp. prepared raw materials, mix and steam 250 ml of boiling water. Leave for about 3 hours. The entire volume of infusion should be drunk per day in 3 divided doses. Take one hour before meals. You can use one parsley, fresh or dried.

https://youtu.be/aKm8Gy5vpeM

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Causes of the formation of bladder stones in men: symptoms and treatment, preventive recommendations

Urolithiasis is characterized by the formation of stones (stones) in the human urinary tract. Formations in the bladder are often formed in the stronger sex after 45 years of age against the background of diseases of the prostate gland or urethral structures. The disease is widespread in African, less often in the Middle Eastern countries. Europe suffers from the disease a little less often, but stones in the bladder are relatively common in men.

Follow the preventive recommendations, if you find unpleasant symptoms, visit the doctor immediately. Diagnosed in time, the disease is treatable, the prognosis is almost always positive. Lack of therapy threatens the development of numerous complications, up to death.

Factors affecting the formation of the disease

Science does not fully know the exact factors that provoke the formation of stones in the bladder in the stronger sex. Scientists identify a number of possible causes of the disease. The most negative factor is non-compliance with the water-salt regime. The accumulation of excessive amounts of salts leads to improper functioning of the urinary tract in the body.

The accumulation of salts is not always associated with excessive consumption of the product in food. A pathological process can form against the background of a violation of the excretion of sodium by the kidneys, the course of diseases of the genitourinary system.

Provoking factors include:

• abnormal structure of the urinary tract, which contribute to the stagnation of urine in the bladder;
• inflammatory processes occurring in the bladder;
• the presence of small stones in the upper urinary tract. Small stones are able to pass into the bladder, get stuck there, begin to increase in size;
• foreign bodies (catheters, suture material). All objects can migrate into the bladder, disrupt the outflow of urine;
• prostate cancer, oncological diseases in the body (radiation therapy adversely affects).

The root cause of the appearance of stones in the bladder is an important aspect. Before removing stones, doctors will often prescribe a course of therapy that eliminates the cause of the pathology (for example, they treat metabolic disorders, eliminate infectious diseases).

Find out the instructions for using Canephron tablets for the treatment of urological pathologies.

Read about the signs of kidney failure in women and the treatment of the disease at this address.

Signs and symptoms

The presence of salt formations in the bladder in men is manifested by pain in the lumbar region, the appearance of blood in the urine. Symptoms are aggravated during physical exertion, sudden movements. A change in body position often leads to acute pain, which is associated with the movement of stones. During this process, the patient feels pain of varying severity. In men, the pain integrates into the genital area. If the stones block the ureter, this leads to the accumulation of urine, renal colic.

Attacks of acute pain are often accompanied by fever, sometimes chills. Unpleasant sensations disappear if the stone has changed its position or come out completely. To the above signs, a change in the shade of urine, its consistency is added, the smell also becomes sharply unpleasant. A strong pain attack will be relieved by analgesics, in severe cases, call an ambulance.

Classification of the pathological process

Calculi in the bladder can be of different sizes, shades, differ in chemical composition. Small stones are called microliths, medium - macroliths, large - solitary formations.

Specialists distinguish many classifications, but the composition of calculi in the bladder plays an important role in treatment:

• oxalate. Stones are formed from oxalic acid, they have a rough surface, a brown tint. Formations scratch the urinary tract, stain the urine red;
• phosphate. Calculi are formed from phosphate acid, they are quite fragile, have a gray tint. Often such stones are formed as a result of metabolic disorders;
• urate. The formation process is triggered by uric acid. Urate stones are smooth, do not injure the mucous membranes. Such formations appear in residents of hot countries against the background of constant dehydration;
• protein. They include protein compounds, are formed against the background of malnutrition.

Important! Each type of calculus requires specific treatment, a special diet. It is impossible to independently know the chemical composition of stones. Diagnosis is carried out by an experienced physician, the physician prescribes the appropriate course for eliminating the pathology. Improper treatment leads to aggravation of the situation, the appearance of complications.

Diagnostics

To prescribe the appropriate therapy, the physician must make the correct diagnosis. Research includes a lot of activities:

• general analysis of urine, blood of the victim;
• Ultrasound of the bladder, other nearby organs;
• an X-ray of the bladder often helps to make the correct diagnosis;
• intravenous urography.

Don't get used to bouts of pain, bladder stones are treatable. The lack of medical care leads to an inflammatory process in the kidney, disruption of the organ, and the development of renal failure. In the worst case, you can lose a damaged kidney.

Effective Treatments

Removal of stones from the bladder in men is a long process that requires an integrated approach. Depending on the chemical composition of the stone, the individual characteristics of the patient, the doctor prescribes therapy. It includes the use of medicines, folk remedies, adherence to a special diet. In some cases, surgery is required.

Medical therapy

To reduce pain, analgesics are used, and antispasmodics help to facilitate the process of removing stones from the bladder.

The following medications are capable of dissolving stones:

• Allopurinol. Influences the process of formation of uric acid in the patient's body, reducing the chances of stones, promotes the dissolution of existing urate stones. Also, the drug is actively used for the treatment of gout, so the drug copes with stones in the bladder if their etiology is not clear;
• Pennicylamine. Used to dissolve cystine stones. The effectiveness is ensured by stopping the excretion of cystine in the urine. Prolonged use of the drug threatens with constant dry mouth, skin rash, tinnitus;
• Captopril. Designed to treat high blood pressure, but does an excellent job with cystine stones. Side effects include: dizziness, a slight decrease in the patient's weight, skin rashes.

Medicines should not be used for high blood pressure, the course of renal failure, pregnancy, the presence of other contraindications.

It is strictly forbidden to start therapy on your own! The duration of the course of therapy, the specific dose of the drug is indicated by the physician, taking into account the composition of the stones in the bladder and other features of the patient's body.

Folk remedies and recipes

Natural drugs do an excellent job of removing various salt formations from the urinary tract of the stronger sex. The key to successful treatment is the regular use of folk remedies, their proper preparation.

Effective Recipes:

• onion tincture. Fill half a jar with chopped onions. Fill the vegetable to the top with alcohol or vodka, let it brew for ten days. The resulting remedy, take two tablespoons twice before meals. The duration of therapy depends on the size of the formations in the bladder;
• sunflower roots. Pre-rinse the raw materials thoroughly, chop finely, pour into a saucepan, pour three liters of boiling water, cook for five minutes. Raw materials are enough to prepare three portions of the broth, drink the filtered broth half a cup three times a day for one month;
• tangerine therapy. The method is allowed for patients who are not prone to allergies. During the week, consume up to two kilograms of tangerine. Take a week break, repeat the treatment manipulations;
• vegetable juice. Three times a day, drink 100 grams of carrot / cucumber / beetroot juice. You can prepare a mixture of juices, drink twice a day. The course of therapy lasts no more than two weeks, prolonged treatment can lead to the development of an allergy to the selected components of the drug.

Before starting therapy, consult a doctor; if allergic reactions occur, choose another traditional medicine recipe.

See the list of pills for kidney stones to dissolve stones.

Learn about the characteristic symptoms and treatment of chronic pyelonephritis in women from this article.

Go to http://vseopochkah.com/bolezni/drugie/glomerulonefrit.html and read about the rules of nutrition and diet for glomerulonephritis.

Surgical intervention

In especially severe cases, the patient is shown surgical intervention. Recently, many techniques have appeared that allow crushing stones without resorting to a scalpel. If the size of the calculi does not exceed 20 mm, ultrasound or a laser is used. The procedure helps to destroy stones in all organs except the bladder.

To solve this problem, the contact method is used, using a special tool (cystoscope): a thin puncture is made in the right place, stones are crushed, and the cavity is washed with a special liquid. Large stones, the presence of contraindications to crushing stones obliges doctors to carry out a full-fledged surgical intervention.

Useful tips will help prevent the re-formation of calculi in the bladder in the stronger sex:

• treat cystitis in a timely manner;
• avoid hypothermia;
• give up bad habits;
• follow a special diet prescribed by a doctor;
• visit a urologist once a year, treat prostate pathologies in a timely manner. For men over fifty years of age, preventive examinations should take place twice a year;
• increase the amount of fluid consumed (at least one and a half liters per day). The specific dosage depends on the water-salt balance of the patient, is calculated individually.

Stones in the urinary system are a serious problem that needs attention. Negligent attitude to health threatens with complications, even the loss of a kidney. Visit the doctor in time, monitor the condition of the body.

Find out more about the causes of the formation of stones in the bladder and the methods of treating the pathology after watching the following video:

vseopochkah.com

Bladder stones

Bladder stones (cystolithiasis), along with stones in the kidneys, ureters and urethra, are one of the manifestations of urolithiasis. Their formation can be due to both a violation of the physicochemical properties of urine (the solubility of the organic and inorganic compounds contained in it), and physiological factors (congenital or acquired metabolic disorders: metabolic, inflammatory, drug, etc.).

Depending on the site and mechanism of formation, bladder stones can vary in size, number, consistency, surface type, shape, color, and chemical composition. Bladder stones can be single (solitary) and multiple, small (microliths) and large (macroliths), smooth, rough and faceted, soft and very hard; contain uric acid, uric acid salts, phosphates or calcium oxalates.

Bladder stones are observed predominantly in the male population in childhood (in the first 6 years of life) and old age (over 50 years). In adults, bladder stones are composed primarily of uric acid, while in children, they include uric acid crystals, calcium phosphates, and calcium oxalates.

Practical urology distinguishes between primary bladder stones (formed directly in its cavity) and secondary (formed in the kidneys and ureters, then migrate to the bladder). Secondary stones, while in the bladder, can further increase in size.

Causes of bladder stones

The most common cause of bladder stone formation in adult patients is bladder outlet obstruction - a violation of the free outflow of urine due to an obstruction in the bladder neck or urethra. Blockage of the lower urinary tract can be caused by stenosis of the bladder neck (Marion's disease), prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer in men, urethral strictures (after trauma, surgery, inflammation).

The mechanism of stone formation is associated with the impossibility of complete emptying of the bladder, stagnation and the concentration of residual urine, leading to the loss of salt crystals. Stone formation is facilitated by a neurogenic bladder, its omission in women with cystothelius, existing defects in the internal muscular membrane, including diverticula.

Sometimes, in the presence of stones in the kidneys and upper urinary tract, small stones migrate along the ureter with their further appearance and persistence in the bladder. The presence of foreign bodies (stents, ligatures, catheters, and other foreign objects) in the bladder can cause salt deposits and stone formation.

In some cases, the presence of bladder stones, even quite large ones, does not show any signs. Clinical symptoms occur with constant contact of the stone with the walls of the bladder, the development of irritation of the mucous membrane or blockage of the outflow of urine.

The symptoms of bladder stones are varied but not pathognomonic. It can be a pain syndrome in the lower abdomen, above the pubis, in men - discomfort, sharp or dull pain in the penis. Slight at rest, the pain becomes unbearable when moving, changing the position of the patient's body and urinating, can radiate to the perineum and external genitalia, thigh area.

Bladder stones cause urination disorders with frequent, sharp urges when moving, interruption of the urine stream or an acute delay in its outflow in case of stone migration into the urethra, as well as urinary incontinence when the internal sphincter of the bladder does not close due to a stone stuck in its narrowed neck. In the case of large stones, some patients can only empty their bladder while lying down. Children sometimes develop priapism and enuresis.

Due to the addition of a microbial infection, bladder stones can be complicated by cystitis and pyelonephritis. Hematuria and pyuria develop as a result of trauma and inflammation of the bladder mucosa with stones. When a stone is infringed in the region of the bladder neck, blood may appear in the last portion of urine; with an injury to the dilated venous vessels of the neck, profuse total hematuria may develop.

Diagnosis of bladder stones includes an analysis of the history and complaints of the patient, the results of instrumental and laboratory examinations. It is necessary to clarify the nature of pain, the degree of manifestations of dysuria and hematuria, to identify cases of discharge of sand and stones, the presence of concomitant diseases: hyperplasia and prostate cancer, urethral stricture, diverticulum, bladder tumor, neurogenic dysfunction.

Only very large bladder stones can be detected by vaginal (bimanual) or rectal examination. Rectal palpation of the prostate gland in men reveals its enlargement. In patients with bladder stones in the general analysis of urine, leukocytes and erythrocytes, bacteria, and salts can be detected. Urine culture allows to identify the microflora and its sensitivity for the selection of antibiotic therapy.

Ultrasound of the bladder can show stones as hyperechoic formations with an acoustic shadow that move in the bladder cavity with a change in the position of the patient. Cystoscopy is one of the main methods that allows you to study the internal structure of the bladder (the condition of the mucosa, the presence of diverticula, tumors, strictures), determine the presence of stones in its cavity, their number and size.

With the help of cystography and excretory urography, it is possible to assess the condition of the urinary tract, to identify urolithiasis, the presence of X-ray positive stones, prostate hyperplasia, bladder diverticula. The radiopacity of bladder stones depends on their chemical composition, primarily the presence and percentage of the calcium component in them. With spiral, multislice CT - one of the most sensitive methods for detecting various bladder stones - very small and X-ray negative stones, as well as comorbidities, can be distinguished.

Treatment of bladder stones

Sometimes small bladder stones pass on their own through the urethra in the urine. In the absence of complications, with a small size of bladder stones, conservative treatment is carried out, which consists in following a special diet (depending on the mineral composition of the stones) and taking medications to maintain the alkaline balance of urine.

In the surgical removal of stones from the bladder, endoscopic lithoextraction, stone crushing (contact transurethral cystolithotripsy, percutaneous suprapubic litholapaxy, remote cystolithotripsy) and stone section (open suprapubic cystolithotomy) are used.

Transurethral lithotripsy is performed for adult patients during cystoscopy, while the stones found under visual control are crushed with a special device (ultrasonic, pneumatic, electro-hydraulic or laser lithotripter), and their fragments are removed through a cystoscope by washing and suction. Transurethral cystolithotripsy can be an independent procedure or performed in conjunction with other endoscopic operations, such as transurethral resection of the prostate. Transurethral cystolithotripsy is contraindicated in patients with a small bladder volume, during pregnancy, in the presence of a pacemaker.

Remote lithotripsy is performed by the shock wave method in the absence of infravesical obstruction and prostate enlargement in the patient, as well as in secondary bladder stones and a aggravated background, when transurethral intervention is contraindicated. Percutaneous suprapubic litholapaxy is indicated for pediatric patients, as it allows you to quickly and safely fragment the bladder stone and remove its parts.

In the absence of a result from drug therapy and stone crushing, with acute urinary retention, persistent pain syndrome, hematuria, recurrence of cystitis and with large bladder stones, an open extraperitoneal suprapubic cystolithotomy is performed. For the postoperative period, a catheter is installed in the bladder, antibacterial drugs are prescribed.

Biopsy and histological examination of the bladder tissue is performed after surgery in case of noticeable changes in its wall in case of long-term and untreated urolithiasis. Observation within 3 weeks after lithotomy is supplemented by ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder to exclude the remaining fragments of stones.

Complications of surgical treatment of bladder stones can be urinary tract infection, fever, trauma to the bladder walls, hyponatremia, bleeding.

Prognosis after removal of bladder stones

In the future, it is necessary to observe a urologist, metabolic examination and ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder once every six months.

With the elimination of the background disease, the prognosis after treatment of bladder stones is favorable. With unresolved causes of stone formation, a recurrence of the formation of stones in the bladder and kidneys is possible.

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Why do bladder stones occur in men, pathology treatment

Among the many pathological conditions of a person, the pathology of the urinary system is of particular importance. Bladder stones in men are a particular variant of urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is a disease, often of a chronic nature, which is characterized by the formation of stones in any part of the urinary system. Stone formations in the bladder are very common. People of any age and gender can get sick, the disease can also be hereditary. Bladder stones are less common in men than in women.

Very often in men, stones in the bladder are the result of other diseases. All this confirms the danger and importance of pathology. Such a disease prevents a sick person from living a normal life, often he is characterized by severe pain and frequent urge to go to the toilet. Of great importance is the fact that if you do not seek medical help in a timely manner, serious consequences can occur. It is necessary to consider in more detail the cause of bladder stones, treatment, diagnosis and clinical symptoms of urolithiasis.

Epidemiology of cystolithiasis

This pathology of the bladder is common. It is ubiquitous in the world. In most countries, there is an increase in the incidence of urolithiasis. The highest incidence rates are typical for countries such as Spain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, France, Hungary, etc. Most often, urolithiasis occurs in the north of Australia, in Asia Minor and in the south of North America.

In our country, bladder stones are very common. In urological and surgical practice, this is one of the most common diseases. Of all urological ailments, bladder stones account for approximately 30-40%. After inflammatory processes, they take a solid second place in the ranking structure of diseases of the genitourinary system. The disease affects mainly people aged 20 to 55 years, that is, the adult, able-bodied population. Men suffer from stones quite regularly. As for the elderly and children, they are less susceptible to this pathology. This prevalence is largely related to the lifestyle of the population.

The mechanism of formation of stones in the bladder and their classification

Each patient or medical worker is obliged to know not only how to treat urolithiasis, its symptoms and diagnostic criteria, but also to clearly understand the mechanism of formation of stones in the bladder.

Calculi are formed in the cavity of the organ due to precipitation of the constituent parts of urine, during which they crystallize and harden.

The number of stones can be from one to several tens or even hundreds. In size, they can also differ sharply from each other. The smallest of them are the size of a grain of sand, while the largest can reach 5-10 cm and weigh several hundred grams.

Symptoms of the presence of stones do not always appear. They are found randomly on ultrasound. Bladder stones are classified according to their appearance and composition. In appearance, there are several types of stones. The first group includes single formations, they can be smooth or have a somewhat rough surface. They are large, ovoid, round or cylindrical. The second type is small stones present in the bladder in men in large numbers. They have a different shape. The third group includes formations of dark or black color. And the fourth type of stones are small, sand-like particles of a light yellow color. They form in the early stages of the disease. Depending on the composition, carbonates, oxalates, phosphates and urates are isolated.

Etiology of cystolithiasis

In men, solid particles in the bladder can appear for various reasons. Firstly, it is an inflammation of an infectious and non-infectious nature. In the first case, microorganisms play a significant role, in the second, physical or chemical factors, such as radiation therapy. Second, symptoms may arise from difficulty in moving bile. It occurs when the ducts are blocked. As a result, uric acid is deposited in the organ cavity and crystallizes. Thirdly, the so-called diverticula play an important role. They are protrusions of the outer tissue of the organ.

It is impossible to exclude the impact of foreign bodies that have entered the cavity of the bladder. These include the material that remains after surgery. In men, as in women, the cause may lie in a genetic predisposition. Increased calcium content is passed down from generation to generation. The reason is the stones formed in the tissues of the kidneys, which randomly entered the bladder through the ureters. Another predisposing factor is poor nutrition (inclusion in the diet of foods rich in lactic and oxalic acids).

The following foods are rich in oxalates: strawberries, liver, legumes, chocolate, bran, nuts, spicy and sour foods, black or red caviar, beets, nuts, spinach, sorrel and some others. An excess of meat products in the diet can provoke the deposition of urates. In addition, the bladder often contains stones in its composition in a disease such as schistosomiasis. It is not necessary to exclude the negative effect of the nervous system on the formation of stones in the bladder. With damage to the nervous system and some parts of the spinal cord, urinary retention can be observed, which is the main provoking factor in the development of urolithiasis. An important role is also played by diseases of the internal glands (thymus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands), gout and some exogenous factors (the nature and quality of water, the composition of the earth, physical inactivity, climatic conditions and the nature of the labor activity of men).

Clinical symptoms

Signs of urolithiasis in men are quite diverse. The main symptom is a violation of urination. A man feels the need to go to the toilet often. Pollakiuria (frequent urination) is characteristic. Of great importance is the fact that the symptoms are observed both in the daytime and at night. At the first manifestations of the disease, you need to seek specialized help in the hospital. A pain symptom may indicate an acute course. The thing is that the pain symptom is associated with damage to the membrane of the organ or urethra with stones. In this case, blood can be detected at the end of the act of urination. This is a valuable diagnostic criterion.

Pain can be traced in the lower abdomen or at the level of the pubis. Urination may suddenly stop. In this case, men experience discomfort in the perineum, genitals or lower back. An interesting fact is that sometimes patients do not show any complaints in the presence of solid particles in the cavity of the bladder. Symptoms may be completely absent. Stones are detected during medical examinations.

Diagnosis of the disease

In order for the doctor to be able to establish the presence of stones, it is necessary to conduct a series of laboratory and instrumental studies. It is important to establish the main cause of their appearance, because the stones may be the result of another pathology. The patient must pass a general urine test, undergo an ultrasound examination of the internal organs of the urinary system, including the bladder. Often, the doctor prescribes an examination of the organ cavity using a cystoscope. The most valuable and informative are the results of a general urine test.

They will show a change in the reaction of urine, the presence of salts (oxalates, phosphates, carbonates), the presence of red blood cells, bacteria. Ultrasound will reveal the pathology visually, detect stones in the cavity of the organ. Additional diagnostic methods are resorted to only if there are doubts about the diagnosis. Additional diagnostic methods include cystoscopy with the introduction of contrast agents, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. Of great importance is the collection of anamnesis of the disease, external examination, complaints of a sick man.

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Treatment of urolithiasis

This pathology can be treated conservatively or surgically. All sick men with a diagnosis of urolithiasis are treated. Treatment includes two main principles: the destruction of hard stones in the bladder cavity with their subsequent removal and the normalization of metabolism. In addition, the treatment includes improving blood circulation, prescribing a sparing diet, sanitizing the organ cavity from microorganisms (if necessary), and spa treatment.

The most responsible and important stage of therapy is the elimination of stones. Stones can be soft or hard. To date, such a pathology is treated quite effectively. With small stones and the absence of complications, conservative treatment is carried out (diet and the use of drugs that normalize the alkaline balance of urine). With large stones, an operation is prescribed. It is carried out in the form of lithoextraction, crushing or excision of stones.

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Crushing is carried out using special equipment (ultrasonic, pneumatic, laser). It is carried out through the urethra or remotely. The remote method is used for secondary disease, if there is no blockage of the urinary tract and in the absence of contraindications. In more severe cases, when these methods do not help, they resort to open surgery, after which a catheter is inserted for a while. Urolithiasis can give the following complications: infection, bleeding, low sodium levels in the blood, febrile syndrome. All this can occur in the postoperative period.

Folk remedies

It is advisable to treat stones not only with medications, but also with folk methods. They are indicated in the absence of complications and severe symptoms. Depending on the nature of the stones, different diets are used. A good effect is given by the use inside a mixture consisting of carrot and cucumber juice. It must be consumed 3 times a day. A good result is given by a tincture based on vodka and onions. To prepare it, you need to cut the onion into rings and fill it with half a bottle of vodka, then fill the container with vodka and leave for 10 days. It is recommended to use 2 tbsp. l. 2 times a day until complete recovery.

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In the spring, men with urolithiasis are advised to drink fresh birch sap half a cup daily. An excellent remedy is an infusion of parsley roots and leaves. For its preparation, it is recommended to take 1 tsp. different parts of the plant, place them in a container and add 200 ml of boiling water. It takes several hours to insist. It is better to use a healing infusion 2-3 times. It is important to do this not after eating, but before it. The most pleasant and tasty remedy for stones are tangerines. They need to be eaten for a week, then take a short break and repeat the course. Thus, bladder stones are a serious disease. The main etiological factor is a violation of the outflow of urine, an infectious pathology of the organ. Timely treatment helps to get rid of this disease, but the stones may appear again. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures, including proper nutrition.

Symptoms of bladder disease in women treatment