Constant nausea and vomiting: causes, treatment. Nausea and vomiting - causes, diseases, what to do, treatment

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Often for nausea, i.e. painful sensation in the epigastric region and pharynx, such a phenomenon follows as vomit. What is this phenomenon and how to deal with it, you can find out right now.

Vomiting - what is it?

Vomiting is a reflex act during which the contents of the stomach, and sometimes the duodenum, are erupted through the mouth or through the nose. Most often, vomiting is a consequence of contraction of the abdominal muscles, during which there is a tight closure of the outlet part of the stomach, as well as relaxation of the body of this organ. With vomiting, there is also an expansion of the esophagus and oral cavity, as well as the opening of the entrance to the stomach. This whole process is under the control of the vomiting center, which is located in the medulla oblongata.

Pathogenesis

The vomiting act consists of three phases:
1. Nausea;
2. urge to vomit;
3. Vomit.

1. Nausea is a very unpleasant sensation in the pharynx or in the epigastrium ( stomach), during which there is a decrease or complete absence of contractions of the walls of this organ. As for the tone of the duodenum, it is, on the contrary, increased;

2. With the urge to vomit, there is a convulsive contraction of both the diaphragm ( partitions) and respiratory muscles. The anterior abdominal wall is also subjected to convulsive contractions;

3. Vomiting is a protective act that allows you to cleanse the stomach of harmful components;

Causes

inner ear problems motion sickness, dizziness);
Acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
stomach disorders;
Disorders in the work of the intestines;
Anomalies in the development of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
Diseases of the cardiovascular system;
brain disorders;
Infections of the gastrointestinal tract;
Pathologies of the central nervous system;
Psychogenic reactions such as fear or anxiety;
Foreign bodies in the stomach, esophagus or intestines;
Diseases of the endocrine system;
Ingestion of toxic components;
Side effects caused by taking certain medications;
Toxicosis ( a condition that occurs due to poisoning of the body with harmful substances formed in the mother's body during the development of the embryo) during the first trimester of pregnancy;
Oncological diseases.

Classification

Vomiting may be:
1. Peripheral;
2. Central.

In the first case, it occurs reflexively ( subconsciously) due to irritation of the root of the tongue, soft palate, mucous membrane of the stomach, peritoneum, gallbladder or pancreas. This irritation can be observed in a wide variety of diseases of these organs.

In the second case, vomiting is the result of increased intracranial pressure. Pressure easily rises both with poisoning and with brain tumors, as well as with an overdose of drugs and with uremia ( self-poisoning of the body, which is caused by severe impairment of kidney function).

Especially easily vomiting occurs in children, as well as in people who suffer from neurasthenia ( mental disorder, accompanied by increased fatigue and irritability). In all such patients, excessive excitability of the vomiting center is noted.

Character

Quite often, the nature of vomiting can determine the cause of its occurrence. So, for example, if a person vomits blood, then, most likely, he had gastric bleeding. Vomit, consisting of bile, is a signal of the development of gastrointestinal reflux ( reflux of stomach contents into the intestines).

Character by severity:

bile;
coffee grounds;
With the appearance of blood clots;
eaten food;
stagnant content;
intestinal contents;
pus;
There is no character.

Symptoms that may occur along with vomiting

Pain in the abdomen;
Signs of dehydration;
Changes in functional or mental activity;
Feeling of dryness in the mouth;
Rigidity ( increase in tone) occipital muscles;
Intense urination.

The smell of vomit

If the smell of vomit is sour, then we are talking about processes accompanied by increased acid formation. Such processes can occur with peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum. A rotten smell is felt when food stagnates in the stomach, but a fecal smell is the result of intestinal obstruction. The smell of ammonia is due to kidney failure. If the vomit is given with acetone, then the patient has developed diabetes mellitus. The use of technical liquids or alcohol surrogates leads to the fact that vomit acquires a specific smell, reminiscent of the smell of chemicals.

Consequences

Violation of acid-base balance;
Violation of mineral metabolism;
Dehydration of the body.

Diseases accompanied by vomiting

1. Liver diseases: if present, the patient is concerned about both vomiting and a feeling of bitterness in the mouth, yellowing of the skin, itching, and darkening of the urine;

2. Chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract: accompanied by vomiting and pain, which most often occur after eating cold, hot and spicy foods;

4. Surgical ailments of the abdominal organs: pain can be observed in various parts of the abdomen. The pain is so severe that it is she who causes the development of vomiting, which most often does not bring relief to the patient;

5. Diseases of the inner ear: characterized by dizziness, tinnitus and impaired coordination of movements;

6. Vomiting in case of poisoning: is the result of absorption into the blood of certain toxic or medicinal substances, which subsequently begin to act on the receptors of both the intestines and the stomach;

7. Acute infectious pathologies of the intestines and stomach: vomiting in such cases is accompanied by signs of general intoxication of the body. These signs include general malaise and weakness, fever, muscle and joint pain, migraine, intolerance to bright light and noise, increased blood pressure. With such diseases, vomiting brings relief;

8. Diabetes mellitus: in this case, vomiting indicates an incorrectly performed treatment, which led to the development of such a complication as ketoacidosis (a condition resulting from prolonged exposure to the body of toxic metabolic products, one of which is acetone);

9. Esophageal rupture: characterized by vomiting, fever, low blood pressure, pain and tachycardia ( increase in heart rate).

During pregnancy

Vomiting as well as nausea is considered to be one of the clear signs of pregnancy. In expectant mothers, these phenomena most often occur in the morning and are accompanied by weakness, drowsiness, and slight dizziness. These signs are symptoms of early toxicosis. In addition, they may indicate an exacerbation of diseases such as gastritis, stomach ulcers, pancreatitis, etc. Considering this fact, with frequent vomiting during pregnancy, it will not be superfluous to get specialist advice.

In children

Vomiting in children is much more common than in adults. This fact is explained by the fact that in childhood the structures of the stomach and brain, which are responsible for preventing the expulsion of food through the mouth, are not fully developed. Vomiting in children can occur even with an increase in body temperature. If the child does not like some food, he again can vomit. It is very important not to confuse vomiting with regurgitation. Normally, a healthy child spits up 5 to 10 ml of stomach contents several times a day. If the baby spits up very often and a large amount of stomach contents, then we are talking about vomiting.

Patient examination

Biochemical blood tests - make it possible to establish the level of glucose and metabolic products, as well as evaluate the work of a particular internal organ;
Clinical blood test - is necessary to clarify the nature of the existing pathology;
Urinalysis - helps to establish the fact of dehydration;
Fibrogastroduodenoscopy - endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum in order to exclude or confirm the pathology of these organs;
Radiography of the gastrointestinal tract - a study carried out using contrast agents, during which it is possible to identify diseases throughout the gastrointestinal tract;
Ultrasound examinations - examinations of the body with the help of ultrasonic waves;
Computed tomography - a study using x-rays for a detailed examination of the structure of tissues;
ECG - electrocardiogram - a graphical recording of electrical potentials that reflect the work of the heart ( carried out in cardiovascular diseases).

In what cases is urgent medical attention needed?

You cannot understand the true reason for the development of vomiting;
The vomiting act is repeated many times;
Along with vomiting, you are concerned about the symptoms of damage to the central nervous system: migraine, impaired consciousness, muscle tension in the neck;
Vomiting is accompanied by obvious signs of infectious pathology of the intestine: fever, impaired consciousness, frequent loose stools;
The vomit contains scarlet or altered brown blood;
You assume that vomiting arose due to poisoning with a toxic substance;
You do not know exactly how to act in such situations.

1. We replace the amount of fluid lost by the body: by constantly replacing the amount of fluid lost, you will be able to avoid dehydration. Drink water, juices and weak teas all the time. Milk and thick soups are best avoided;

2. We replenish important food ingredients: during the vomiting act, the body loses a large amount of minerals. To replenish them, you need to drink drinks that contain electrolytes. Among such drinks one can rank as juices from apples and cranberries, as well as pure soups;

3. Using a color test: dark yellow urine indicates that you are not drinking enough fluids. If the urine becomes pale in color, then you are doing the right thing;

4. Soothing the Stomach: To soothe your stomach, seek help from cocci syrup. This syrup tastes good. Moreover, it contains a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates. For children, this syrup is recommended to give 1-2 teaspoons, for adults 1-2 tablespoons between bouts of vomiting;

5. We drink slowly: drink the liquid should be in small sips in order to prevent another irritation of the stomach. Each sip should contain no more than 30 - 60 gr. Otherwise, there will be a supersaturation with liquid, which again will lead to another vomiting act;

6. We take the liquid in a warm form: for a while you will need to forget about cold drinks, since they tend to have an irritating effect. Your choice should be stopped at room temperature drinks. Even better if they are your body temperature. When drinking carbonated water, you should wait until all the bubbles come out of it;

7. Adding Light Protein: As soon as your overall health improves, immediately enrich your diet with light protein. It can be lean fish or chicken breast;

8. We use alternative remedies from the home medicine cabinet: in this case, you can use the help of any syrup enriched with easily digestible carbohydrates. Attention! In the presence of diabetes, the use of such syrups should be discussed with the attending physician, since they contain a large amount of sugar;

9. We forget about fat for a while: since fat tends to remain in the stomach for a long time, it is undesirable to use it at such moments, so as not to provoke an increase in the feeling of fullness and bloating;

10. We do not delay the process: in case of persistent and profuse vomiting or in the presence of blood in the vomit, it is necessary to seek medical help as soon as possible in order to exclude the development of some serious disease.

Folk remedies

Recipe #1: 6th part of ch.l. dissolve ginger root powder in 1 cup of warm boiled water. For children under 3 years old, this remedy is recommended to be given 1 - 2 tsp. 3 times a day. Adults can drink ginger water in 1 - 2 tbsp. three times a day.

Recipe #2: 1 tbsp dried peppermint herb steamed in 1 cup boiling water. After 30 minutes, filter the infusion and take 1 tbsp inside. every 180 minutes. This infusion should be taken warm.

Recipe #3: 1 tsp chopped valerian root brew for 15 minutes in 1 glass of water. The broth is cooled, filtered and taken orally 1 - 2 tsp. 2 - 3 times a day.

Recipe #4: mix equal amounts of peppermint, chamomile and lemon balm. 1 tbsp Pour the resulting mixture of herbs with 1 cup of boiling water and leave to infuse for 30 minutes. After that, we filter the infusion and take it 1 - 2 tbsp. 3 times a day;

Recipe number 5: 1 tbsp dried herbs of lemon balm are steamed for 60 minutes in 1 cup of boiling water. The infusion is filtered and taken orally, 1 tbsp. every 120 minutes.

Prevention measures

Timely treatment of the main pathologies that provoke the development of vomiting;
Compliance with all measures to prevent poisoning by industrial, domestic and medicinal agents;
Eating high-quality and processed products in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements;
Compliance with existing measures for the prevention of infectious diseases that tend to provoke vomiting;
If you are motion sick in transport, then you should sit in the front seat, turning your eyes to the windshield, and not to the side window;
If nausea occurs, immediately take a sitting or lying position and drink some sweet liquid;
Do not allow the child to run and jump immediately after eating;
Do not abuse alcohol.

Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

Vomiting is nothing more than a reaction of the body to the intake of harmful substances or toxins.. So the stomach tries to cleanse itself in order to prevent the absorption of poisons into the bloodstream and further poisoning of the whole organism. And although vomiting can be considered a natural process, this condition very quickly leads to dehydration and disruption of many organs and systems. To prevent this, you need to know how to stop vomiting at home.

Causes of vomiting in adults

Nausea and vomiting in adults can be the result of food poisoning, alcohol intoxication, drug overdose, and inhalation of toxic substances. In addition, vomiting may be a combination of symptoms in infectious diseases of the digestive tract and with weakness of the vestibular apparatus.

In case of poisoning with low-quality food products, vomiting occurs a short time after eating. Although in some cases the first symptoms of poisoning appear only after a day.

If an overdose of drugs has occurred, then vomiting may occur after half an hour or an hour. It all depends on how quickly the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream.

With individual intolerance to alcohol or excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, vomiting can occur immediately after the product enters the stomach. This is due to the toxicity of ethanol in relation to the cells of the body.

If a person inhales the vapors of toxic substances, then first there is severe dizziness, which may be accompanied by hallucinations and nausea. Gagging may appear a little later, when the concentration of the toxic substance in the blood reaches the limit.

The appearance of a gag reflex is a protective mechanism of the body, with the help of which it tries to cleanse itself of toxic substances. If vomiting is not permanent and does not exhaust the person too much, then it should not be stopped immediately. Due to this unpleasant process, the body will be cleansed, and recovery will come faster.

First aid for vomiting

Many people are interested in the question - what can be done to stop vomiting? Some people, when observing such symptoms in themselves or relatives, begin to panic. In fact, everything is not so sad, and this phenomenon can be quickly stopped. It all depends on what causes vomiting.

Food poisoning

To quickly stop nausea and vomiting in case of poisoning with low-quality food, a number of measures must be taken:

Thoroughly flush the stomach with plenty of water. This procedure will help cleanse the digestive tract of food debris that provoked poisoning. Washing is best done with a weak solution of sodium chloride or a slightly pinkish solution of potassium permanganate. The procedure is repeated until the waste water is absolutely clean.
If vomiting does not stop after gastric lavage, then adsorbents are mandatory. They attract toxic substances and bacteria to themselves, and then gently remove them from the body.
The patient is provided with a good drinking regimen to replace fluid lost during vomiting. You can give strong tea, a decoction of wild rose or chamomile. Tea with mint and lemon balm also helps well, it is able to calm the stomach after vomiting.

If it was not possible to stop vomiting with the help of such methods, it is necessary to consult a doctor who can prescribe treatment.

Drug overdose

If a person has taken too much medication and is vomiting, then you should immediately call an ambulance. Some drugs can lead to irreversible effects in a short period of time. Before the arrival of a team of doctors, the victim is washed with a stomach and given a lot to drink.

The packaging of the drug that caused the poisoning must be shown to the doctor. This will speed up the diagnosis and help to quickly prescribe the right treatment.

In case of drug overdose in pregnant women and the elderly, it is not recommended to wash the stomach at home. This can lead to rapid dehydration. Such patients are allowed to drink in fractional portions until the doctor arrives.

Infectious diseases of the stomach

If vomiting is provoked by an intestinal infection, then they immediately resort to washing the stomach and intestines.. This allows you to remove the maximum number of pathogenic microorganisms. To prevent dehydration, the patient is given a lot and often to drink, a rehydron solution is well suited for this. This drug quickly restores the electrolyte balance in the body. In order not to provoke repeated attacks, the medicine should be given in small portions, but very often.

If vomiting does not stop even after gastric lavage, you can take an antiemetic. Cerucal or motilium is suitable for this, these medicines are taken in accordance with the instructions.

It is advisable not to take pills for nausea and vomiting at the first urge. If you stop the unpleasant process immediately, then most of the bacteria will remain in the body and recovery will be delayed.

poisonous fumes poisoning

If a person has inhaled gas or toxic fumes of chemicals, then to begin with, it must be taken to fresh air and freed from tight clothing. Usually these actions are enough to prevent vomiting. In the event that unpleasant urges arise, you can give the victim a cup of sweet tea or coffee to drink. After gas poisoning, the patient must be supervised all the time, as he may lose consciousness and choke on vomit.

Vomiting on motion sickness

Many people, especially children, get sick in transport. This is due to a weak vestibular apparatus. It is impossible to recover from such a feature of the body, but you can slightly alleviate the condition of a person who is prone to motion sickness. To relieve nausea and prevent vomiting, the following measures will help:

mint or eucalyptus caramel, which is held on the cheek during the trip;
a tablet of validol, which is slowly absorbed under the tongue;
Fruit caramel on a stick;
a slice of lemon along with the peel behind the cheek.

An adult or child in transport needs to be provided with a comfortable position. Usually, nausea stops after a person assumes a horizontal position, or at least lays his head down.

How to stop vomiting quickly

To quickly stop vomiting at home, a number of conditions must be met:

Put the patient to bed, cover with a blanket and ensure complete rest.
Do not offer food to a person, but give a drink in large volumes, but in very small doses.
After each bout of vomiting, wash the patient with cold water and let the mouth rinse, ideally the teeth can be cleaned with mint paste.
When the attacks become rare, you can begin to solder the victim more actively. Compotes, decoctions and fruit drinks are suitable for this.

If severe vomiting does not stop during the day, it is necessary to show the patient to the doctor..

It is important to remember that indomitable vomiting can be a symptom of such a dangerous disease as appendicitis. In this case, in addition to vomiting, there is severe pain with right side abdomen and high fever. This disease can only be treated surgically.

In what cases you need to quickly call a doctor

There are several cases in which a person needs to be urgently taken to the hospital on their own or call a team of doctors. These include:

There is a significant admixture of scarlet blood in the vomit.
Vomiting produces copious amounts of bile.
The patient's body temperature rises above 39 degrees in a short period.
The person is in an unconscious state.
There is fresh or digested blood in the stool.
Convulsions began.

A doctor is also needed in case of drug poisoning. Some drugs inhibit cardiac activity, so they can cause collapse in a short time.

When not to artificially induce vomiting

First aid often requires gastric lavage and induction of artificial vomiting. This procedure removes the bulk of harmful substances from the body and prevents their absorption into the bloodstream. Not all people know that it is impossible to provoke vomiting in a number of conditions, this will lead to even greater intoxication and damage. It is forbidden to induce vomiting in such cases:

during pregnancy in women at all stages;
when a person is unconscious;
if poisoning occurred with chemical burning substances.

Folk recipes for vomiting

You can stop even severe vomiting thanks to traditional medicine recipes. At home, tea with lemon and honey will help against indomitable vomiting.. Tea can be used both black and green. The last drink has a more invigorating and tonic effect.

You can also stop vomiting with peppermint tincture. It is especially good for pregnant women. This plant is completely harmless for both the woman and the unborn child. It is allowed to use this medicinal herb in the treatment of children.

You can dissolve a piece of ginger for nausea and vomiting. In addition, the spice can be grated, pour boiled water and add a spoonful of honey. Such a delicious drink effectively soothes the stomach and relieves spasm.

You can take with persistent vomiting a tablespoon of potato juice. This simple remedy almost instantly stops vomiting and improves well-being.

Another effective way to quickly get rid of nausea and vomiting is ammonia. Cotton wool or a napkin is moistened with this agent and allowed to be smelled by the patient. Moreover, a window should be open in the room so that the inhalation of ammonia is alternated with the inhalation of fresh air.

If an adult has nausea and vomiting, then do not panic. Adults tolerate this unpleasant condition more easily than children, and complications are less common. First you need to determine the cause of nausea, and then provide first aid. To do this, you need to know how to stop vomiting in an adult. If vomiting occurs after emergency care and treatment at home, then this is a reason to see a doctor.

Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that can occur in a person at the most unexpected this moment. Therefore, it will be useful to know what to do in such cases (especially when the necessary medicines are not at hand). Tips and recommendations on what to do with vomiting will be useful to almost every person.

First of all, it should be noted that in most cases it is impossible to resist the gag reflex, since it is a protective measure of the body against intoxication and poisoning. When a person begins to vomit, toxic substances (toxins) come out along with the contents of the stomach, which contributes to recovery.

However, there is one exception that you should definitely pay attention to - this is if the vomit is stained with blood, or if the vomit is dark (almost black) in color.

The dark red color indicates internal bleeding, and in such a situation, in no case should a person provoke a gag reflex, so as not to aggravate the situation. In case of bloody vomiting, it is urgent to call a doctor, and the patient should be carefully laid on one side. It is also desirable to provide access to fresh air, and apply a cold compress or ice pack to the stomach.

What to do for common symptoms of vomiting

If this is not observed, then you need to let the body get rid of toxic substances. When a person feels that he is starting to feel sick, and the reason for this is something from the food he has eaten relatively recently, then the following actions must be taken:

What to do if you feel sick in a public place

It is obvious that it is much easier to cope with malaise when you are in your home. But what if a similar situation happened to a person away from the apartment (for example, in public transport, on the street or at work)?

First of all, you need to quickly assess your condition. If it feels like there will be no vomiting, and nausea can be “endured” (this is undesirable, but circumstances force you), then one of the following medicines should be taken, thanks to which the nausea will stop:

These medicines allow you not to reach the stage of vomiting, and also slightly improve a person's well-being. Anything can happen, so you should always have at least something from this list with you. If there are no medicines with you, then you can advise the following algorithm of actions:

The patient needs to find a quiet and calm place where he can sit or even lie down. Do not make sudden movements.
Take deep breaths in and out.
Do not make quick eye movements, as this can cause vomiting attacks. It is best to close your eyes for a while, or to look closely at some thing that is in front of your eyes. The nausea should pass.

When it feels clear that vomiting in a public place cannot be avoided, then all that remains is to find a bag and a secluded corner and hope for the understanding of the people around, since this can happen to anyone.

Vomiting in adults and children

Every reasonable person should know what to do with vomiting in adults and children, since in some cases this knowledge can save a person's life. The children's body is often vulnerable to various kinds of infections. The child's stomach may reject this or that food, or react in this way to acute unpleasant experiences. Children get sick, and there is nothing to worry about.

However, if the child vomits frequent, that is, more than once or twice an hour, then this is a reason to call a doctor at home. Be sure to look for some other alarming symptoms:

Adults should not take their health lightly either. This is an important question - with nausea and vomiting, and what should be avoided. Sometimes it is enough to drink a drug such as no-shpa when vomiting. Nevertheless, in some cases, instead of solutions and tablets, one must take “feet in hand” and run to the doctors. A mature person should pay attention to whether the following symptoms are present during nausea and vomiting:

Self-medication is often the cause of the deterioration of the patient's condition. And by constantly doing this, people can turn a fairly ordinary situation into a hopeless situation. If a person wants to treat himself, then he should know what certain actions can lead to.

What absolutely can not be done with nausea and vomiting

Do not take antibiotics (without a doctor's prescription). If the cause was gastritis or an ulcer, and the person is taking anti-infective drugs, then such treatment will be useless at best.

If a person vomited at night, then he should not go to work in the morning! The fact is that the body is weakened after vomiting, and it needs at least a day to fully recover; otherwise, nausea may return at the most inopportune moment.

The use of folk remedies to combat nausea and vomiting is highly discouraged. Strange recipes in the style of "dried watermelon rind added to a tincture of dried marigold and linden petals soaked in bread sourdough" will be useless at best.

List of remedies that help with nausea and vomiting

Adsorbents such as Polysorb, Enterosgel, Smecta and Carbolong. They are inexpensive, so these drugs (at least one of them) should be in every home medicine cabinet.
Saline solutions (home remedies). The following recipe is quite suitable: in one liter of water, dissolve a teaspoon of salt, half a teaspoon (small) of soda and six teaspoons of sugar. The resulting solution should be drunk slowly, taking one sip every few minutes.
Saline solutions (medicines). Solutions such as rehydron and gastrolith are considered the most effective. They not only replenish lost moisture, but also prevent dehydration in the future. This also includes hydrovit, orolite and dextrose solution.
Sorbent No. 1 for any poisoning and intoxication -. The porous structure of the tablet should be taken into account, due to which the tablet absorbs only those toxic substances that have not yet been dissolved in the blood. In case of severe poisoning, activated charcoal alone will not be enough.
Tinctures. Some have long proven their effectiveness in the fight against certain diseases. Tincture on mint leaves is an excellent way to normalize well-being. Forest berries (in particular, blueberries) are also recommended for treatment.

It is necessary to drink a lot in order to restore the moisture lost during vomiting. For a while, you should give up caffeinated drinks, as well as alcohol and any soda. It is best to drink warm water or green tea.

Vomiting is a natural human reaction to irritating or poisonous substances entering the stomach. In addition, in this way we react to severe or prolonged stress, motion sickness or "seasickness", hormonal changes during pregnancy (toxicosis), concussion, etc. The occurrence of vomiting is primarily associated with diseases of the digestive system, poisoning unsuitable for consumption of food or incompatible products, ingestion of viruses, in a hypertensive state. Therefore, it is very important to know how to provide first aid for vomiting, how to help the patient if he often vomits, what to do if severe vomiting begins.

What to do if a person vomits, vomited, treatment of severe vomiting and nausea

The patient, first of all, should not be hindered in the process of self-purification of the stomach. After this process of vomiting is over, you can begin to provide first aid. The patient must be seated in a comfortable position and cover the chest with a towel or a piece of polyethylene. A container is brought to the mouth, into which it will be possible to vomit if the attack recurs. If the patient's condition is too severe, it is allowed to put him to bed, and turn his head to one side so that it is located below the level of the body. An empty container is also placed by the bed. After cleansing the stomach, the patient is given a glass of cold water to rinse his mouth, then put to bed.

How to properly help with severe vomiting, what to do to stop vomiting?

What to do if there is vomiting, severe nausea and frequent urge to vomit? You can soften the urge to vomit with frequent and severe vomiting and delay the approaching vomiting with ice cubes and mint, or a couple of drops of peppermint infusion. With "seasickness", the patient is allowed to take scopolamine, cerucal or motilium. When taking medications, you should follow the recommendations of the attending physician and the instructions, having previously studied the possible contraindications. Self-treatment in this, as in the vast majority of other cases, is not welcome, since it can have unpredictable negative consequences for human health and life.

A patient suffering from bouts of vomiting should not be given food. It is allowed to take activated charcoal or other enterosorbents aimed at accelerating the elimination of toxins from the body. To prevent dehydration, the patient is shown to drink plenty of fluids, in particular, glucose-salt mixtures.

Taking antiemetics, which ones to choose and when can I use antiemetics to stop vomiting?

An adult vomited, how to provide first aid for vomiting? The most popular drugs to stop or prevent vomiting are gastrolith and rehydron. The action of rehydron is aimed at inhibiting the process of dehydration and maintaining the water and salt balance. It is taken alternately with green tea. Alternation is necessary in order to prevent the oversaturation of the body with salts. In turn, the drug Gastorlit contains plant components, in particular, chamomile extract. This allows you to relieve spasm from the intestines and remove inflammation from the mucous membranes. The drug requires mixing in hot water and a short infusion. When the mixture has cooled, it can be given to the patient. The action of Gastrolit is noticeable within the next day after consumption.

If the described drugs were not in the home medicine cabinet, and there is no time or opportunity to visit the pharmacy, you can prepare a sugar-salt solution at home for first aid. One liter of warm water put half a teaspoon of soda, one spoon of salt and eight tablespoons of sugar. The patient must drink all of this solution. If the patient's vomit contains signs of bleeding, is brown or has blood clots, the only right decision is to call an ambulance. In this case, until the moment of examination by a doctor and the provision of medical prescriptions, the patient is not allowed to feed and drink, even with the above solutions.

Before choosing a drug to stop vomiting, you should consult a specialist, because. There are a number of cases where antiemetics cannot be used to treat vomiting. Vomiting is a natural reaction of the body, which allows you to get rid of the constituent of the stomach that poisons the body. That is why, in some cases, stopping vomiting can only harm the body. Before using antiemetic drugs to stop vomiting, it is imperative to agree on the appropriateness of their use with a specialist doctor.

How to quickly help a person with vomiting?

Nausea and vomiting are the body's natural response to toxins and toxins that have entered it. The reaction to irritants by the digestive system does not include vomiting resulting from severe stress, disorders of the vestibular apparatus and injuries.

Severe vomiting and nausea, what to do, how to treat frequent vomiting?

Severe vomiting in children and adults, followed by nausea and repeated several times, requires a mandatory call to the house of an ambulance. Before her arrival, you need to be ready to provide first aid to the patient.

1 The basic rule is to let the vomiting act end and only then begin to provide assistance. The stomach should empty itself completely, without outside interference.

2 The patient is seated or placed in a comfortable position. The chest is covered with a towel or oilcloth. In the case of laying down, it should be ensured that the head is lower than the body and turned to the side. This is to prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract.

3 After the complete end of the vomiting attacks, the patient is given water to rinse the mouth, and then a sorbent.

Traditional medicine in the fight against vomiting

Before using folk remedies to stop vomiting or its consequences, it is imperative to coordinate such actions with your doctor. If the patient needs emergency care, then you can resort to receptions from the people only if you have successfully practiced this before. It is important to remember that non-traditional methods of therapy may not be individually suitable for a particular person or have the same side effects as pharmacy drugs.

Severe poisoning. Exit: reception of decoction of radiola pink. A decoction of this plant has proven its effectiveness in poisoning of various origins. Its roots are used for treatment. If you harvest them yourself, you need to know that the drying of the roots is carried out in the last months of spring. Drying is carried out under the open sun. For a decoction, use the crushed root of radiola rosea in a ratio of 1:10 with vodka. Take 10 drops 2-3 times a day. The decoction is also effective for restoring memory, concentration.

Other medicinal herbs help to get rid of nausea. A mixture of herbs of mint, chamomile, plantain, agrimony and St. John's wort in equal parts is poured with boiling water for half an hour, after which it is filtered and poured into a clean glass container. Take one teaspoon every two hours. Starch. You can stop severe vomiting with a decoction consisting of potato starch (1 tsp) and water (1 tbsp). The mixture acts quickly to relieve unpleasant symptoms. Chicory. Chicory is often used to combat the effects of food poisoning. An infusion with it is prepared as follows: one tablespoon of chicory powder or herb is taken for one glass of boiled water, the infusion is left warm for the night, after which one tablespoon is given to the patient half an hour before meals.

Egg whites. An effective solution after alcohol abuse. The whites of three eggs must be beaten and immediately drunk in one gulp. Ammonia. To get rid of signs of nausea and vomiting, use ammonia dissolved in water (10 drops in half a glass of water) every 20 minutes. Ammonia can be replaced with apple cider vinegar. Elecampane for severe poisoning. Take 2 tbsp for a glass of boiling water. grated elecampane root and insist 20 minutes. Drinking 1 tbsp. 2-3 times a day before meals. We repeat that any non-traditional remedy should be used only with the prior approval of the attending physician. Self-medication can do more harm than good and only worsen the patient's condition.

First aid for vomiting - how to provide it correctly?

Vomiting is almost always a natural way to cleanse the body of poisonous substances. Not associated with poisoning or infection, only the release of the stomach from the contents after a concussion, severe stress or nervous tension, or motion sickness. If a person has undergone such an ailment as vomiting, it is necessary to help him so that the unpleasant condition passes as soon as possible and does not happen again. First of all, the vomiting act must be completed without outside interference. You should not try to take any action until the end of vomiting. After this, the patient should be comfortably seated, avoiding pressure on the stomach, and a clean, damp towel or oilcloth should be placed on the chest. In this case, a container is brought to the mouth, into which you can vomit when the attack returns - a basin or a bucket. If a person cannot sit on his own, you can help him lie down, while the head should be slightly hung to one side, and be slightly lower than the torso. If the victim has lost consciousness, it is recommended to place him only in a supine position, so that the vomit can freely exit the body and does not clog the airways. When the stomach is cleared, the patient can be given water to rinse the mouth from the remnants of vomit.

After that, it is allowed to put him to bed and give him antiemetics, for example, Motilium or Cerucal. In such situations, mint drops are an effective way to prevent a relapse. Scopolamine allows you to stop vomiting during motion sickness. When vomiting is overcome, try not to eat for several hours. It is allowed to receive a sorbent - activated carbon or its analogues. After helping the patient, carefully examine his vomit. Your next steps will depend on this. If the substance rejected by the stomach has blood inclusions or looks like coffee grounds, call an ambulance immediately. No additional action is required on your part before the arrival of the doctors. If vomiting is normal, it is necessary to start stopping dehydration. Replenish fluids and minerals lost through vomiting by drinking plenty of fluids. You should not drink pure water, but saline solutions.

To restore the water-salt balance in the body, such means as Regidron, Gastrolit, Trisol and others are used. Regidron is deservedly recognized as the most suitable means for resuming the ratio of salts and liquid, as well as stopping further moisture loss. In turn, Gastrolit, in addition to useful salts, contains chamomile extract, which allows you to relieve inflammation and spasms from the intestinal walls. The drug is poured with boiling water, and after cooling, they drink. This is necessary so that the chamomile can properly brew. If the pharmacy solution is not at hand, you can prepare it at home. Pour into 1 liter of clean boiled water 1 tbsp. l. salt, half a spoon of baking soda, 7 tablespoons of sugar. Stir the solution to a homogeneous consistency and let the patient drink in small sips. Drinking should be repeated at intervals of 5-10 minutes. It would be optimal to alternate the intake of this remedy with a five percent glucose solution or unsweetened tea. So you can prevent excessive saturation of the body with salts.

How to stop vomiting - first aid for vomiting

Summing up a little, we can outline what the first steps should be when helping a person after cleansing the body through vomiting. The patient should be comfortably seated or helped to lie down, taking a position in which, in the event of a recurrence of the attack, he can quickly turn to the container for the rejected masses. After the end of vomiting, the victim should be allowed to rinse his mouth with clean cool water, wipe the corners of his mouth and lips with a clean napkin.

If the disease state greatly weakened a person, wipe his mouth with a disposable cotton swab dipped in boiled water or a special disinfectant solution (sodium bicarbonate, two percent, solutions of boric acid or potassium permanganate). To stop vomiting without the use of medications, you can use peppermint oil or drops, a piece of ice that needs to be absorbed, or cool water. When the above methods fail to stop vomiting, it is advisable to resort to drug therapy. The patient is intravenously administered m-anticholinergics, antispasmodics or metoclopramide. This will stabilize intestinal motility. Some drugs are administered intramuscularly. With non-stop vomiting and the ineffective use of other medical means, antipsychotics are used as extreme measures.

Drug treatment of vomiting, how to stop vomiting with antiemetics?

Given the high risk of dehydration due to vomiting, it is very important to ensure that after emptying the stomach, the victim drinks more fluids in order to restore the water-salt balance. The best means for this are aqueous and glucose-salt solutions. They are available and always available in any pharmacy. The previously mentioned Regidron and Gastrolit proved to be better than the rest. Let's look at them in more detail.

The action of Regidron is aimed at preventing the loss of fluid by the body and restoring the optimal ratio of water and vital salts in it. In order not to lead to excessive filling of the body with salts (which is also not useful), the intake of Regidron should be alternated with the intake of tea without the addition of sweeteners.
The advantage of Gastrolit is the presence in the composition, in addition to salts, of chamomile extract. With its anti-inflammatory and soothing action, the intestines quickly get rid of tension and spasms. In order for chamomile to infuse and give maximum benefit, the drug is diluted with boiling water and cooled to room temperature, and only then taken orally. The beneficial effect of Gastrolit on the body is noticeable already on the second or third day.

Nausea is a rather unpleasant symptom of a very wide range of pathologies. If you feel sick, what to do in this case, what drugs can you take, which doctor should you contact? These and other questions are spinning in my head, and I'm also worried about vomiting. It is especially unpleasant when nausea and vomiting caught you outside the house. To figure out what to do with nausea, you need to understand at least in general terms what causes it. After all, there are a number of cases when nausea signals a condition requiring emergency medical care.

1 Causes of nausea

Nausea is a whole complex of unpleasant sensations in the pharynx and epigastric region. It can be increased salivation, weakness and tremor. Very often, these signs precede the act of vomiting. During the latter, the abdominal muscles contract and the contents of the stomach are thrown out through the mouth. This mechanism triggers a special section in the brainstem connected to receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. If they are irritated or damaged, reflex nausea and vomiting are triggered. If the stomach is greatly distended by a large amount of food or gas, the receptors report a problem, and a signal is given to vomit. A similar reaction occurs with inflammation of the stomach (gastritis and gastroenteritis), as well as peptic ulcer.

The brain can send the command to vomit without the help of receptors in the digestive system. This happens with motion sickness, diseases of the inner ear, increased intracranial pressure, head injuries, anorexia, etc.

2 What to do if you vomit?

There are a lot of reasons why only nausea develops or along with vomiting. The simplest and most common are motion sickness, alcohol and food poisoning.

3 Sickness on the road

Nausea while traveling in transport is more common in children, with age the nervous system improves and it goes away. True, not everyone. Some people are helped by systematic training of the vestibular apparatus: riding on a swing and carousel, or treatment prescribed by a neurologist. If you do not have time to prepare, and you have to travel by plane, train or by water, you need special preparations. What to do if nausea overtook in transport? Stock up on motion sickness pills: Dramina, Avia-Sea, Kinedryl, Vertigoheel, Kokkulin, etc. Just carefully read the instructions for dosage, contraindications for use and possible side effects. It is advisable to take a pill for the first time at home, so as not to encounter additional problems on the road.

4 Poisoning the body

The use of low-quality alcohol or alcohol in large quantities very often leads to poisoning. A person is sick and staggers, everything is spinning before his eyes, often this is accompanied by vomiting. Usually, after vomiting, the intoxicated person feels a clear relief, but signs of a hangover remain: headache, weakness, lack of appetite, and nausea does not always go away. What to take in this case, many know. These are Activated charcoal (4-7 tablets), Filtrum, 2 Aspirin tablets and 200 mg of vitamin C.

Food poisoning from stale or contaminated food also causes nausea. If you do not induce vomiting in time, toxins enter the bloodstream and intoxication begins. Here, nausea is already complemented by general weakness, chills, fever, headache and diarrhea. What to do with vomiting? To prevent dehydration, the patient must drink a lot. It can be water, chamomile decoction, Regidron solution, jelly, etc. It is useful to drink activated carbon or Enterosgel. With severe vomiting, the stomach does not accept either food or liquid, so it is advised to drink 2 sips every 2-4 minutes. If the symptoms do not go away, and the condition worsens, you need to call a doctor, since intestinal infections are treated with antibiotics, but it is up to the doctor to choose which one is right for you.

5 Gastritis and gastric ulcer

The inflammatory process in the stomach and peptic ulcer are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Patients have heartburn, belching and pain in the projection of the stomach. Self-medication is not an option here, you need to be examined and treated under the supervision of a doctor. You need not only a consultation with a gastroenterologist, but also a blood test, urine test, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, studies to detect the frequent culprit of gastric ulcer - Helicobacter pylori.

The only thing that can be done right now is to exclude from the diet alcoholic beverages and foods that irritate the stomach: fried, salty, spicy, smoked, fatty, mayonnaise, vinegar, mustard and horseradish.

6 Diseases of the gallbladder

Chronic cholecystitis is characterized by pain in the right hypochondrium, decreased appetite, bitter taste in the mouth, nausea and vomiting of bile in the morning. Exacerbation of cholecystitis is accompanied by a very strong cutting pain under the ribs on the right side or in the epigastric region. Pain can be given to the area of the right shoulder blade, right shoulder and even the neck. They increase in the supine position on the left side and during a deep breath. Painful sensations are complemented by nausea and recurrent vomiting with an admixture of bile. On the tongue, you can see a yellowish-brown dense coating.

What can be done? First of all, do an ultrasound of the gallbladder, liver and other surrounding organs. With the results of the study, go to the doctor for advice.

Pancreatitis. The acute form is manifested by pain in the upper abdomen or completely encircling the body. Sometimes the pain radiates to the chest, resembling a heart attack. Almost always, the patient is tormented by nausea and vomiting mixed with bile, as well as hiccups, belching and dry mouth. Without treatment, a person's condition worsens, the skin turns pale, sticky sweat is released, blood pressure drops, the pulse quickens and the temperature rises.

What to do about vomiting and nausea caused by pancreatitis? It is urgent to switch to a diet that excludes fried, fatty and heavy foods. If you really want to eat, but the food does not linger in the stomach, take a tablet or suspension of Motilium.

Diet is considered the first component of the treatment of patients with acute and chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. An attack can occur after a single intake of alcoholic beverages in combination with fatty, pickled or spicy foods. An acute attack of pancreatitis and biliary colic will have to be treated in a hospital under the supervision of doctors.

To make a diagnosis, a complete examination is necessary, including blood tests, urine tests, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, gastroscopy, etc.

Appendicitis. Inflammation of the appendix begins with pain in the navel or in the upper abdomen, and then moves to the projection of appendicitis. Although in some patients, pain may immediately be localized in the right iliac region or spread throughout the abdomen. Body temperature rises to 37-38°C. Unpleasant sensations are aggravated by physical exertion, walking, coughing, laughing and sneezing. Older people may not have pain at all. If the pain suddenly disappeared, this may indicate the beginning of a gangrenous process.

Nausea and vomiting appear after the onset of pain. Most often, vomiting is reflex and single. What to do when you feel sick and have a stomach ache? Naturally, consult a doctor, because a ruptured appendicitis threatens to infect the blood. In addition, you need to limit food intake and drink plenty of fluids in order to somehow prevent intoxication of the body.

7 Meningitis and other dangerous diseases

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord and brain caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. Initially, the disease looks like a cold, but life-threatening manifestations develop later. In addition to high fever, chills, headache, weakness, nausea and vomiting, there is photophobia and stiffness (tension) of the occipital muscles. The patient cannot tilt his head.

An equally dangerous disease is encephalitis - an inflammation of the brain caused by viruses. In some cases, encephalitis is triggered by the immune system mistakenly attacking brain tissue. Symptoms of this disease are in many ways similar to meningitis, only muscle rigidity is very rare, but confusion, clumsiness, stiffness of movement, convulsions, disorientation, coughing and drowsiness are added. In both cases, it is not the question of what to take with vomiting that comes to the fore, but the call of an ambulance and emergency hospitalization.

8 Vestibular disorders

In the inner ear of a person is the vestibular apparatus, which is responsible for balance and correct orientation in space. Violations develop due to trauma (for example, concussion), ear diseases, migraine, blockage of the internal auditory artery, Meniere's disease and other causes. As a result, a person experiences dizziness, loss of balance, nausea, accompanied by vomiting, impaired coordination of movements. In addition, the pulse and breathing rate may change, blood pressure may be disturbed, and pallor or redness of the skin on the face and neck may appear. Most often, the symptoms appear paroxysmal with a sharp change in the weather, from a loud sound or an awkward turn of the head. The treatment of such conditions is carried out by an otolaryngologist and a neuropathologist. To stop nausea, you can give an injection or take a Cerucal tablet. This drug acts on the vomiting center located in the brain. However, doctors do not advise taking any drugs before the examination, as they can change the tests.

9 Nausea during pregnancy

What to do with vomiting during pregnancy? For some, nausea and morning vomiting appear even before the delay in menstruation, so it’s quite difficult to figure out what the cause of the ailment is. You can just wait or take a blood test for hCG. If you are possibly pregnant and want to manage your nausea, you should never take pills. Expectant mothers experiencing severe toxicosis are advised in the morning, without getting out of bed, to drink room temperature yogurt or eat a banana cooked in the evening. After that, lie down for a bit, and only then get up. With severe nausea, you need to temporarily abandon soups and not drink food while eating. Start drinking actively an hour after eating. An infusion of peppermint, lemon balm and ginger tea helps with nausea.

Most often, nausea appears in the first trimester and disappears before 12 weeks of pregnancy. What to do with nausea and vomiting in a pregnant woman? For starters, do not panic, wash your face with cool water, wet the back of your head, or apply a cold wet towel to the back of your neck. You can also go outside or breathe by opening a window. Keep in mind that you need to breathe slowly and deeply, without thinking about your problems and feeling unwell. To a certain extent, heavy drinking helps pregnant women with nausea: water, tea, mineral water without gas, milk, kefir, etc. After all, nausea is a sign of intoxication of the body, and a large amount of liquid helps to remove unnecessary substances.

When thinking about what to do after vomiting, take into account all the possible causes of nausea in your case. If you haven't drank a lot of alcohol, haven't eaten questionable food, haven't hit your head, and can't possibly be pregnant, you'll need to see a doctor. If your condition does not allow you to leave the house, call a specialist at home or call an ambulance. It is better not to delay the decision and not stay alone in the apartment, because if you lose consciousness, you will not be able to open the door to the doctor or your loved ones who came to your rescue.