Dog breeds: Dalmatian. Dalmatian: a description of the breed and features of care How to keep a Dalmatian in winter

After the cartoon "101 Dalmatians" many people not only learned about this breed, but also became eager to buy it. Dalmatians are considered one of the most charming dogs in the world, but they have their own behavioral characteristics that you should think about in advance, before purchasing a puppy. Caring for a Dalmatian is not difficult.

History of appearance

Dalmatians, Dalmatians or Dalmatians were bred in Croatia, but do not consider this breed young. During excavations in Greece, archaeologists found paintings in which dogs were depicted near people, with spotted colors and build similar to modern dogs.

This suggests that Dalmatians have been living with humans for several thousand years.

In 1955, the breed was listed in the classification of the FCI (International Cynological Federation) under number 153 in section No. 6 "Beagles and related breeds". Dalmatians are also inscribed in the KC (Kynological Club) of Great Britain and the AKC (American Kennel Club) in the "Unsporting Group" in 1888.

It is believed that the name of the breed appeared at the end of the 18th century in Dalmatia on the Balkan Peninsula. There lived a piebald hound with spots on its coat, which was used to accompany crews and guard cargo and passengers. In 1791, Thomas Bewick named her a Dalmatian.

In the first half of the next century in England, such dogs were used as guards for elite crews, hunters, and household helpers. They also often accompanied the fire brigades, helping to disperse the crowd, and helped pull people out of the fire. Due to the huge popularity of the breed, today England is considered the second homeland of the Dalmatians.

According to the second version, the breed appeared in ancient Egypt, from where it penetrated into India, and after some time came to Dalmatia. During such a “journey”, “particles” of the Pointer and the Great Dane, as well as some other breeds, got into the breed.

Gallery: Dalmatians (25 photos)

Description

Since the Dalmatian dog breed was of interest to English aristocrats at one time, this also determined the appearance of animals. The description of the Dalmatian breed, which is still used today, was compiled by the Englishman Vero Shaw in 1882:

Marriage

The above description refers to ideal, fully breeding dogs. Reasons for disqualification can be any deviations, even the most insignificant. These include:

1. Incorrect bite or incomplete set of teeth;
2. Heterochromia (different eye color) or blue eyes. In the US, this feature is not considered a marriage;
3. Deafness;
4. Spots of different colors (both black and brown at the same time);
5. Nose color that does not match the color of the spots;
6. In males, both testicles should descend completely into the scrotum, preferably they should also be pigmented;
7. Unusual behavior: aggression or cowardice.

Character

The Dalmatian is an active, friendly, outgoing and intelligent breed.. The Dalmatian loves movement and play and will require constant attention from the owner. It can be both walks (dogs tolerate temperatures down to -20 degrees, at lower temperatures they will need clothes), and games in an apartment, even a small one.

If the Dalmatian is left alone for a long time, his character may deteriorate: he will become irritable and naughty, sad. In the absence of proper training, the dog will begin to splash out energy, spoiling the furniture. At the same time, they feel the mood of the owner well and get upset if he is dissatisfied: sometimes it is enough to raise his voice to punish the pet.

Mostly Dalmatians are used as a hunting and family dog, as a companion. They lend themselves well to training, have a certain independence and are extremely smart. It is important that the breed is good with children: with proper training, even a small child can be left with a dog. Children and dogs that have grown up together will have a particularly warm relationship.

Advantages and disadvantages

The first ones are:

1. Loyalty to the owner and family;
2. Friendliness, especially to children, a high level of socialization;
3. Patience and endurance;
4. Mind: This is one of the smartest breeds;
5. Lack of aggression, including towards other animals. He is indifferent and friendly to strangers, but in case of danger he will immediately stand up for the owner;
6. Playful nature;
7. Funny facial expressions: Dalmatians can even smile.

The disadvantages include:

1. Stubbornness, the desire to do things one's own way, vindictiveness;
2. The requirement for regular walks, games and physical activity, otherwise the dog's character deteriorates greatly;
3. The need for constant contact with a person: they can be patient while the owner is at work, but leaving the pet alone during a vacation or business trip is not recommended;
4. Year-Round Shedding and Allergies: The breed is prone to the latter, especially to strawberries, apricots, bananas, honey, oatmeal, oily fish, brewer's yeast and certain foods. Collars, shampoos and other care products, insect bites, pollen or even dust can also be the cause;
5. They can be cowardly due to their character traits.

Dalmatians should be taken by active people who prefer outdoor walks and have the opportunity to often engage with a dog. It is also desirable that the owner has experience with dogs and children at least 2 years old. The latter must be taught how to handle a dog, since Dalmatians do not like familiarity.

The Dalmatian will not suit overly busy people, homebodies and the elderly, that is, those who cannot devote enough time to him. Also, you should not start such a breed of phlegmatic people who will not pay attention to the pet.

Training

In addition to games and walks, dogs will need training - on their own or with a trainer.. Previously, this breed was often used as circus animals, as they perfectly understood commands, memorized tricks well and took great pleasure in performing them. Owners can choose one of the courses listed below, depending on the requirements for a particular pet:

1. General course of training;
2. obedience course;
3. Rescue dog training
4. Coursing (field test with a lure imitating an animal);
5. Frisbee (catching a thrown disc);
6. Agility (overcoming obstacles);
7. Running (ideally, the dog needs to walk 8-10 km every day);
8. Swimming.

It is important to remember that due to the inability to sit still for a long time, Dalmatians often suffer from distracted attention. This has led to the erroneous conclusion that this breed is poorly trained and unwilling to learn. This is not true, Dalmatians are very smart, but too energetic.

Features of care

Caring for Dalmatians is quite simple:

Breeding

Breeding can be done when the male is 15-20 months old, and the bitch is 18-24 months old (by 3 estrus). It is necessary to draw up a list of applicants, analyze it, identify all the advantages and disadvantages.

If a dog has a defect, do not mix it with a dog with the same defect. For example, a short tail on both parents can result in an even shorter tail on a puppy.

For mating, 9-14 days of estrus are suitable. To do this, the bitch is brought to the male for two days in a row: for the main mating and control.

Pregnancy lasts 60-64 days. At this time, it is worth prohibiting the bitch from jumping and communicating with other dogs, but you should not deprive her of all physical exercises - they will not cause harm and help maintain energy and health.

Newborn puppies weigh 350-400 grams, usually 6-7 babies are born in a litter.

a brief description of

Aggressiveness Upbringing Training Intelligence Moult Behavior with children watchman Security guard Difficulty in care Endurance in the cold Heat endurance

Today, the Dalmatian is a companion dog. He is brought in as a friend of the family, especially children. After the release of the film "101 Dalmatians" in 1996, the peak of popularity hit the breed, which has not fallen so far. Every third child dreams of having a white dog with black or brown spots as his friend.

Throughout their history, Dalmatians have been used to perform a myriad of tasks like no other breed. In ancient times, they hunted big game. They served as Turkish fighting dogs during the Battle of Vienna in 1683. The Americans used them for protection. In 1986, after the earthquake in Mexico, Dalmatians rescued people, which neither people, nor equipment, nor dogs of other breeds could do. Until now, in some countries, the Dalmatian is a fireman, security guard, watchman. But best of all, of course, he copes with the task - to be a devoted, active and cheerful companion of his master.

The breed belongs to the 6th group "Hounds, bloodhounds and related breeds" in the classification of the FCI, to section 3 "Related breeds".

The Dalmatian dog belongs to the ancient breeds. Archaeological excavations testify to this: in Austria, in the ashes of sacrificial fires dating back to about 2-3 millennium BC (end of the Bronze Age), the remains of a dog were found, the structure of the skull of which is very similar to the skull of modern hounds, especially the Dalmatian. Experts have proven that the exterior of the ancient "ash" dogs is very similar to the appearance of the hounds: such body sizes, hanging ears.

Interesting! The term "ash" or "ash" dog refers to a group of animal remains found in the ashes in the territory from the Amur to Austria.

The most popular version of the origin of the Dalmatian says that the breed was formed in the territories of modern Croatia and Montenegro and the former Yugoslavia. The word "Dalmatian" comes from the name of the historical region of Dalmatia. This version claims to be the most reliable, since a dog of this breed was depicted on the coats of arms of the Yugoslav princes. In the documents of 1737 that have come down to the present day from the archives of one of the bishoprics, there are references to the breeding of large white dogs with black spots, that they were used for hunting.

However, there are other versions that are also supported by strong arguments:

1. Version 1. India is considered the birthplace of Dalmatians. In the Indian epic, there are more than once references to a white dog with black spots. But how did dogs get to Europe? Perhaps the breed came along with the gypsies - nomadic tribes who founded settlements in Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula in the 14th century. It is also believed that white spotted dogs were taken out with the Roman legionnaires.
2. Version 2. The country of origin of the breed may be Ancient Egypt. Images of spotted dogs were found on its territory.

Interesting! In favor of these versions, experts argue that the Dalmatian tolerates heat very easily, which is typical for breeds formed in a hot climate. India and Egypt belong to countries with a hot climate.

Most researchers tend to the Yugoslav origin of the breed. The question of which dogs were the ancestors of the breed also remains open. Experts put forward several "candidates" that could be the progenitors of the Dalmatian: the Istrian Pointer, the Great Dane, the Celtic Brakk, the old Dalmatian Brakk.

In Europe, dogs spread in several ways: with sailors who took Dalmatians on a voyage, and together with circus troupes. Gradually dogs became famous in Italy, France, Czech Republic, England.

Europeans immediately appreciated the strength, endurance, and ability to run long distances in Dalmatians. Since the 18th century, they have been widely used as carriage dogs. They protected the owner of the horse-drawn carriage and his property from robbers or wild animals. The cheerful disposition of dogs allowed people to while away the time in the company of a Dalmatian, and thanks to their courageous character, they were excellent defenders. sold very popular among the aristocratic environment.

The exhibition "career" of the breed began in 1860, when two sentry Dalmatians, brought from Dalmatia, were presented in Birmingham, England. The first breed standard was developed in 1890 by members of the first Dalmatian Club in England. And the international standard from the IFF, which is still valid, was created in 1926.

Despite the fact that the Dalmatians originated in Yugoslavia, the British honed the breed to perfection. In the 18th century, they were inoculated with the blood of the extinct white English terrier and black pointer.

Characteristics, description, character

Due to their original appearance, unlike any other breed, Dalmatians are very popular. They are often bought as gifts for children. If your child asks for a Dalmatian breed, the price of which is not very high, then do not deprive him of the opportunity to have such a faithful friend and protector.

The appearance of the Dalmatian is recognizable by perky black or brown spots on a white background. It is noteworthy that the spots on the head and limbs are smaller than on the body. If a dog is characterized by brown spots, then its nose will definitely be brown, and black-and-white representatives will have a black nose.

The Dalmatian has an athletic body, long limbs, a muscular back, a broad chest, an elongated muzzle and floppy ears, which, during their "carriage" past, were docked so that predators could not even grab the ears. The coat of dogs looks very aesthetically pleasing: it is short, smooth, moderately hard and shiny. Even in the photo of the Dalmatian, you can see how the coat shines beautifully and nobly.

An excellent friend, a good nanny, a companion during active walks - all these epithets are applicable to the Dalmatian breed, the dog has a wonderful character. The breed is characterized by responsiveness, playfulness, energy, balance, friendliness, great intelligence and quick wit.

What else distinguishes a Dalmatian?

• The dog is not aggressive towards strangers, although it does not like to come into close contact with them.
• Dislikes the company of other dogs.
• He is bold and fearless when it comes to protecting the owner, when he feels that the owner or his family is in danger.
• He does not like to be alone, he suffers a lot when he is alone, he becomes nervous.
• The Dalmatian is smart, gentle, sensitive, sociable.

Diseases

In the Dalmatian breed, the most vulnerable in terms of health are the skin and kidneys. Dogs are prone to kidney stones. If your pet does not allow himself to be stroked on the lower back, then you should be wary, since the first symptoms of the disease are pain in the lumbar region, the dog has difficulty jumping when lying down or getting up. Kidney problems can even occur in puppies.

Skin diseases, such as bronze skin, are the result of kidney problems. This disease is characterized by bald patches, abscesses, red-brown skin in the places of abscesses. Allergic reactions may also appear on the dog's skin.

Dalmatians are also diagnosed with:

• inversion of the stomach;
• hip dysplasia;
• glaucoma, progressive retinal atrophy;
• congenital deafness. Up to 12% of Dalmatian puppies are born deaf, so it is important to diagnose this disease in them as soon as possible.

Care and maintenance

Caring for a Dalmatian, just like other short-haired beagles or hounds, is not difficult.

1. The dog needs to be combed regularly a week to remove dead hairs. If you accustom yourself to combing your pet every day, this will prevent shedding wool from getting on the furniture and floor.
2. The Dalmatian is very clean and will never get into the mud during the festivities, so it is unlikely that he will need frequent bathing: one bathing per year is enough. It is necessary to cut nails, as long claws impair gait, and in puppyhood it can lead to deformity of the limbs, because too long claws do not allow the paws to shrink.
3. The hanging ears of Dalmatians require regular inspection. If sulfur and dirt have accumulated in them, they should be removed with a cotton swab dipped in water or an antiseptic solution.
4. The problem of brushing teeth becomes relevant if the pet is fed with natural food. With the help of special tools and a brush, it is necessary to remove plaque once a week. And if the dog eats dry food, then plaque is removed naturally when it gnaws on granules.

If your pet is a Dalmatian, taking care of it also includes proper nutrition. The breed is prone to kidney problems, namely the development of urolithiasis. The amount of proteins in the dog's diet should be reduced. Dry food, in which the protein content reaches 25%, is not the best option. The diet of dogs should be based on a vegetarian menu.

The breed is great for keeping in an apartment, the Dalmatian constantly wants to be part of the family, to participate in her life. An active dog requires long walks. If you like jogging, cycling, active games, then the Dalmatian is definitely your dog, it will accompany the owner everywhere. If the dog does not have the opportunity to throw out the energy accumulated during the day, it will begin to spoil things, furniture and be harmful.

Dogs of the breed are susceptible to cold, therefore, on cold and windy days, it is better to reduce the time for walking. And they endure hot weather very easily, the main thing is to give her more to drink.

Education and training

Dalmatian education should begin as soon as he is in a new home. A puppy should not be allowed what will be forbidden: sleeping with the owners in the same bed, begging for food from the table, biting even during the game. It will be very difficult to eradicate these habits in an adult dog.

Consistency, the absence of double standards (all members must be unanimous in their requirements) are the main rules for raising puppies of the breed. The Dalmatian must feel that he is stroked for the right behavior, treated with a treat, and for the wrong actions he will be scolded, lightly slapped with a folded newspaper. Rough methods of education should be excluded, as dogs of the breed are sensitive.

It is important to show from an early age who is the boss in the house. Even as a Dalmatian puppy, he will want to be in charge, so the owner must show which of them is the leader. Experts advise that for the first days the puppy should only contact the owner, so that it develops an attitude towards him as the only authority.

Dalmatian training should begin with teaching the “No!” command. If the owner sees that the puppy sees something forbidden, that a loud and strict word should stop all his attempts. But, as a rule, the puppy does not understand the content of this command for the first time and does not respond to it. In such a situation, you should approach him and slap him a little with a folded newspaper. It must not be allowed that he does not execute the command.

Team "Come to me!" is also mastered from the first days of stay at home. It is easiest to match training with the feeding process. Before feeding a puppy, you need to take his bowl in your hands, call your pet by name and say: “Come to me!”. The Dalmatian will willingly run up, for which the dog should be praised. Until the puppy goes outside, you need to bring this command to automatism, so that later and during walks, despite any temptations and instincts awakened in the dog, it will not disregard the owner’s command and will be suitable in 100% of cases. Teaching other commands should also be carried out at a "civilized" level, persistently, patiently, not rudely and with obligatory encouragement. Punishment and rudeness are a direct path to losing contact with your pet.

Puppies

The Dalmatian puppy is a gentle and vulnerable creature. What the owner invests in it, he will receive in the future. When raising a puppy, it should be remembered that the hound of the hound is different. If, for example, exhausting walks are not needed, then spotted mischief-makers without active and long walks will get bored to death. The first walk of the puppy should be carried out after all vaccinations, it should not last more than 15 minutes. Ideal if the owner has the opportunity to walk with the puppy often, but not for long: 5-7 times for 15 minutes.

As the Dalmatian matures, his walks should last about 2 hours. So that the dog's behavior does not deteriorate, so that it does not get bored and throws out all the accumulated energy, it is necessary that it walk or run up to 8-10 km.

Dalmatian puppies are purchased at 1.5-2 months. By this age, they become more independent. The puppy you choose must be sociable. If, when approaching him, he happily wags his tail, barks merrily, then this is the correct reaction. Fear or aggression should alert the buyer of a puppy, he is unlikely to grow into a good dog and a true friend.

Prices

How much is a Dalmatian worth? Inexpensive. Everyone can afford it if they consider themselves responsible and able to keep an active dog.

Characteristics of the breed: Dalmatian is named after one of the regions of the Republic of Croatia - Dalmatia, this dog has not been seen anywhere before. The image of the dog was found on the coats of arms of the great Dalmatian princes and cities of Croatia, where the breed began to be called the "small Danish dog". There are historical written sources from 1737 in the archives of the Djakovas bishopric, in which the breed was described as follows: “In Croatia, especially in Dalmatia, a dog has long been bred with a height of 4 to 5 spans (60 to 70 cm), with short hair, white color, with rounded spots on different parts of the body. The size of the spots is from one to two fingers. The name of the dog is Dalmatian. Previously, dogs were used for a variety of purposes. They were both hunters and shepherds, and also participated in circus acts, starred in films. In addition, the dog was intended to accompany horse-drawn carriages. The modern Dalmatian can be called the favorite of the whole family, because it is a very kind, devoted, selfless pet, indomitable in running, cheerful, strong, hardy.

Croatia is considered the birthplace of the breed, namely its northwestern part - Dalmatia. Officially, dogs are called "Dalmatians", their other name is "Dalmatian", "carriage dog", "Dalmatian dog".

These animals can live in any environment, but they can hardly tolerate a chain and aviary lifestyle. It is worth noting that they are very active and need increased physical activity. They love walking and running. Having run enough in the fresh air, at home the dog will behave quietly and calmly. If the dog does not have enough walking, he will begin to get bored and, as a result, gnaw through, scratch furniture, and damage household property. Therefore, getting such a pet is not recommended for older people.

Characteristics of the Dalmatian with brown and black spots

Breed standard: Dalmatian has the FCI breed standard No. 153, which was adopted on 10/13/2010.

Breed classification: Group 6. Bloodhounds and related breeds. Section 3. Related breeds. No working test.

Breed features: Dalmatian (see photo above) is a large, well-balanced, harmoniously built dog, devoid of coarseness in appearance and clumsiness in movements. Her head is prism-shaped and in proportion to her body. The muzzle may be slightly shorter than the skull. The skull is moderately long, narrow. Chewing muscles and cheekbones are not too developed. There are no folds or wrinkles on the head. The skull is flat, rounded on the sides, wider between the ears, the temples are clearly defined. The nose is large, with large, wide nostrils and a straight back, pigmented.

The color of the nose and the color of the spots on the coat must match. Lips tightly closed, do not droop, fully pigmented. Scissor bite, upper incisors overlapping lower teeth. All teeth are vertical to the jaws. In older dogs, the bite sometimes becomes pincer-like. The eyes are oval, slanted, their color, as a rule, corresponds to the color of the spots on the coat. In dogs with black spots, they are dark brown, the brown Dalmatian has amber-colored eyes. The eyelids do not sag, but fit snugly to the eyeball, their edges are pigmented. Hanging ears, medium size, thin, smooth, soft, with rounded ends, pressed to the head. Be sure to be covered with spots corresponding to the color of the dog. The length of the ears reaches the inner corners of the eyes. The neck is strong, long, tapering towards the head, without dewlap. The body is rectangular, its length to the height at the withers is 10:9. The back is straight, strong. The loin is short and muscular. The chest is deep and wide enough. Its depth is about 50% of the height at the withers.
Ribs moderately sprung. Belly picked up.

The tail is of medium landing, saber-shaped, spotted. Reaching to the hock but may be longer. Strong at the base, tapering towards the end. The limbs are strong, muscular, with strong bones.

Paws are compact, "cat-like". The pads are dense, resilient, elastic. Nails are pigmented. The movements of the dog are smooth, graceful, rhythmic. Step with good reach and powerful drive. The coat is short, smooth, thick and dense.

Sizes of English and French Dalmatians

Height at the withers of males: 56 - 61 cm; female: 54 - 59 cm.

Weight of males: 27 kg; female: 24 kg.

Average life expectancy: 11 - 13 years, less often 15 years.

The most typical representatives of the breed are English Dalmatians, which have a slightly stretched body, an elongated head, strong bones and a traditional color (black spots on a white background).

German dogs have a somewhat rough physique, square format and temperament.

French Dalmatians are distinguished by their elegance, grace, slenderness, long legs, light, friendly character.

Dalmatian breed color

The main color of the Dalmatian is pure white, which is the background on which black and brown spots are “scattered”. Such spotting is laid down by nature, like the color of a leopard or snow leopard.

The spots should be symmetrically located throughout the body, clearly defined, without any inclusions, should not merge. The diameter of the spots is 2 - 3 cm. On the head, ears, tail and limbs, they are somewhat smaller than on the body. The ears of these animals may be completely black or brown, which is not a defect.

Dalmatian puppies and their photos

It is noteworthy that puppies are born white, their spots appear gradually. They become full-fledged Dalmatians only by the age of one.

You can see what Dalmatian puppies look like in the following photos:

Character (behavior) of the Dalmatian

The nature (behavior) of the dog: the first descriptions of the Dalmatian breed indicate that this animal initially had a friendly, cheerful character, sociability, and mobility. However, it is not correct to think that such a pet is “woven” from merit alone. In fact, the dog is not as simple as it seems, he is quite vindictive and always remembers his offenders.

Despite the high activity, energy and overflowing emotions, the dog rarely gives a voice, for which it was nicknamed "silent" among breeders. But this feature of the breed does not affect the guard qualities in any way, because the Dalmatian dog by nature is an excellent guard.

You can talk a lot about the character of the Dalmatian, it is a multifaceted dog that manifests itself from different sides. On the one hand, the dog is an important aristocrat who knows his own worth, restrained and polite. On the other hand, this is a cute, naive, sometimes impudent naughty. Whatever the nature of the pet, the owner should remember that a beautiful stately dog ​​with a strong, rather complex character cannot be started because of the fashion that has arisen for him, cannot be considered as a living toy and kept only for entertainment.

When describing the Dalmatian, it is important to mention that the animal is very sensitive and intellectually developed. Raising him is not easy. An experienced owner is more suitable for him, who can become a leader for the dog, a leader, an example to follow. A courageous, strong-willed dog will maintain a close relationship with such an owner and will become an ideal companion for him.

Representatives of the breed are inquisitive, sociable, playful. These traits are very pronounced at an early age. The owners need to give the pet a good physical activity, pay attention, walk and play with him in the fresh air. In the process of education and training, show patience, perseverance, reward for diligence and success. The use of aggression and rudeness on the part of the owner will lead to the fact that the dog will grow up timid, nervous, insecure. If the dog does not feel the leader in his master, in the future he may become uncontrollable and stubborn.

History of the Dalmatian Dog Breed

It is believed that for the first time the ancestors of these dogs appeared more than 2000 years ago in ancient Egypt, as evidenced by their images found in the tombs. After some time, they spread throughout the Middle East. According to the historical version, the animal is a descendant of the Great Dane and the Austrian Pointer. Indeed, the size and appearance of the Dalmatian in many ways resembles them.

In the 18th century, this breed was called the "coach dog", as it was used to accompany horse-drawn carriages. The dogs ran under the carriage, near the horses, accompanying people on long trips, protecting the crew and property from the attack of wild animals or robbers. The British were the first to use dogs to accompany carriages. Therefore, it was in England that their height at the withers was reduced so that the Dalmatian was no higher than the axis of the carriage wheels.

In the 18-19 centuries, the animal served for a variety of purposes: to accompany hunting, traveling, guarding mail, participating in circus performances, and much more. In a word, it was a versatile breed, gifted with an unusual appearance, intelligence and acting talent.

The modern history of the Dalmatian dog breed dates back to the 19th century: The first Dalmatian breed standard was written by Englishman Vero Shaw in 1882.

The Dalmatian dog is one of the rare dogs that can laugh. When meeting with the owners, the dog begins to smile broadly and express his emotions vividly.

Another interesting fact about the Dalmatian is that representatives of the breed do not have a sense of fear, and if they feel threatened by any animal or person, even exceeding it in size, they will still fight it.

It is also interesting that short-haired dogs do not freeze even at very low temperatures. They can live everywhere, including in the north and Siberia, but in extreme cold (below -20 degrees C) they wear warm overalls.

Some Dalmatians are born deaf. Breeders who are seriously involved in breeding and selling the breed immediately euthanize such puppies.

You can learn more about the Dalmatian breed by watching the video below:

The characteristic of the Dalmatian breed indicates that it is a dog that is unpretentious to the conditions of detention, which will be comfortable in the apartment and in the countryside. When keeping a Dalmatian in an apartment, it should be remembered that the dog's shedding lasts all year round, so there will always be wool on clothes, carpets and furniture. To minimize the amount of hair in the pet's room, you need to comb it out daily, using a special brush or rubber mitten for this.

Since the dog gets dirty a little, they bathe it as needed, that is, with heavy pollution, or 2 times a month. After a walk, wipe the paws with a damp cloth, check the condition of the ears, teeth, and claws once a week. Plaque is removed with tooth powder, which is sold at a pet store.

Caring for a Dalmatian requires increased attention to the pet, with its lack of boredom, the dog starts to gnaw on shoes and furniture.

What to feed a Dalmatian (feeding diet)

Caring for a Dalmatian also includes making the right diet. What to feed a Dalmatian, and what food is most useful for him? For an adult pet, it is enough to give food 2 times a day, at the same time, not forgetting to put a container with fresh water next to the bowl. The diet of the Dalmatian should be varied, so the owner should include raw meat, offal, dairy products, cereals, sea fish, vegetables, fruits, vitamin and mineral supplements. Give food at room temperature, not cold or hot. It is better to cut the meat into small pieces, but not in the form of mashed potatoes or minced meat, which the dog’s body cannot digest.

Special nutrition for Dalmatian dogs

Dalmatian nutrition should consist of homemade food, as there is no special food that takes into account all the features of this breed. It is important to monitor the portion size and not give the dog more than it should be, as this will negatively affect his health.

To prevent plaque on the teeth, it is recommended to give the Dalmatian a tomato or tomato juice after feeding. Spices and salt should not be added to the dog's food, this will badly affect the scent.

Diseases of Dalmatian dogs

This breed is in good health and rarely gets sick. In some cases, the Dalmatian may experience diseases such as bloating, urolithiasis, cataracts, congenital deafness, glaucoma, polyneuropathy, interdigital dermatitis, atopy, and others. The most common for such a pet is urolithiasis, which is manifested by pain in the lumbar region, difficulty during urination, and a strong smell of urine. To prevent the disease, you need to keep the animal on a low-protein diet and exclude beef from the diet.

What the Dalmatian breed looks like, see the photo below:

You have decided to get a dog and from a great variety of breeds have chosen a Dalmatian.

We hope that your desire is dictated by the firm conviction that you simply cannot live without a dog, and that you are ready to bear the burden of care and responsibility for your pet for many years. Then you will be able to appreciate how much fuller life will become in your home, warmed by the selfless devotion and loyalty of a four-legged friend.

For those who still doubt the correctness of their choice, our advice may help.

Before buying any dog, weigh the pros and cons again. A random, impulsive act - just because you liked at first sight a cute funny puppy - turns into a bunch of problems with a sad outcome: you have to get rid of the dog.

You should not take a dog just because the neighbors have exactly the same one or friends are ready to give a puppy of an expensive prestigious breed, or for "educational purposes" for a child. There is something to think about for single people: a vacation, a business trip, in the end, a sudden illness - who will take care of your friend in a similar situation? The financial issue is also important. Even if you received a puppy as a gift, raising, feeding, vaccinating and treating (and in the first year of a puppy's life you will probably have to go to the veterinarian much more often than you would like), transportation - all this requires money, and a lot of it. Can you allocate a significant part of the family budget for a dog?

Each breed has some features that should be taken into account, commensurate with their lifestyle and their own temperament. The Dalmatian is a cheerful, cheerful and very active creature. Are you ready to devote a lot of time to him, to walk for a long time, and in any weather, giving the dog the opportunity to properly frolic, run without a leash?

It must be remembered that the Dalmatian in no case should be limited in the desire to move freely. The more he will have freedom of movement, the more obedient, balanced and calmer he will be. Active long walks will ensure good physical development, and your puppy will turn into a harmoniously built, hardy, beautiful dog, pleasing to the eye not only of the owner, but of everyone around him.

So, enough doubt! Decision is made! Dalmatian and only Dalmatian!

Decide in advance what gender your dog will be. The Dalmatian is a medium-sized breed, the height of the male does not exceed 60 cm, the female, as a rule, is 5 cm lower, and weighs about 25 kg. Bitches are more obedient and affectionate in character, easier to train, males are more powerful and stronger, they are more aggressive, stubborn and independent, they may need a more "firm" hand.

Some inconvenience will be delivered to the owners by periods of emptying, or estrus, in bitches. Those who want to get offspring from their dog will have many additional worries and troubles, but incomparably more - the joy and pleasure from communicating with growing puppies.

Dalmatian puppies start selling at the age of 40-45 days. This is the time of the beginning of the period of "socialization" they are ready to leave the nest and start an independent life in a new home.

A healthy puppy is cheerful, active and inquisitive, he stands firmly on his feet, runs, jumps, deftly climbs over the barrier that fences the puppy pen in the room, growls and barks during violent games with his brothers and sisters.

At this age, some puppies show individual character traits. Take a closer look at the kids: you will surely see a tireless instigator of games and quarrels, a bully and a bully, the most nimble, cunning and curious (by the way, he will not be tangibly the largest and strongest) - you will not be bored with such a puppy, but it is also quite likely that a small "hurricane" will grow into a "natural disaster" without proper upbringing.

And there is also the complete opposite: a calm, balanced bumpkin who does not really want to take part in general brawls and only lazily snarls when his restless relatives “get too much” of him. His favorite pastimes are sleeping and eating: he is always the first at the bowl. With such a hassle, it will be incomparably less, but do not expect much enthusiasm from him in the future for violent games and long bike rides.

Even one-month-old puppies from the same litter differ markedly from each other in character. How to choose? How to guess the future champion?

With absolute certainty, even a specialist will not be able to point out the best puppy. Too many accidents affect the course of a dog's development. Your choice will most likely be intuitive: you will simply like one of the puppies immediately and unconditionally. However, it is useful for beginner dog breeders to keep in mind some points.

As soon as you appear in the room where the puppies are, they will surely rush to meet you, try to get on your knees, lick, and gladly accept your caresses and games.

Puppies at this age are sociable and friendly, they are interested in any object or a stranger. Therefore, we do not recommend taking a puppy that obviously avoids contact with you, is too timid, one who stubbornly runs away and hides from you, is not given into hands. Cowardice - an undesirable trait for a dog of any breed - as a rule, does not disappear with age. For the Dalmatian, cowardice is a disqualifying vice.

You should not have the slightest doubt that the puppy you have chosen is perfectly healthy. You do not need to be a veterinarian for this: if the puppy is cheerful, mobile, eats well, has no obvious signs of illness (discharge from the eyes, nose, cough, shortness of breath, lameness, etc.) - everything is in order! A healthy Dalmatian puppy looks quite well-fed, he should not have protruding ribs and a tucked-up belly. The skin is free, "over the top", easily gathers into folds, the coat is smooth and shiny.

Check if the puppy has a hernia - this is easy to do when the puppy is standing, leaning only on its hind legs: the hernia is palpable as a small bulge in the navel area. Take a closer look at the movements of the puppy: how he puts his paws, whether there is a spread, clubfoot or "cow" - x-shaped hind legs. It is possible that these shortcomings will subsequently disappear, but you should not count on this.

We do not recommend taking a weak and thin puppy out of pity. A frail puppy will be weak and sickly all his life, more prone to infectious diseases. Consider whether it is worth tying yourself to an unhealthy, defective dog. In this case, it is wiser to suppress compassion, so as not to repent later in a momentary impulse.

True, the puppy may be the smallest due to a phlegmatic, overly compliant nature: more active brothers and sisters constantly push him away from a nursing bitch or from a bowl of food. These features of the character of this puppy must be taken into account if you decide to opt for it.

If you're getting a "show" dog and expect it to be the best of the best, you'll have to be more picky when choosing a puppy. The fact is that the prices for puppies, depending on their exhibition prospects, vary, and significantly. As mentioned above, it is difficult even for a specialist to guess the champion in a one and a half month old puppy, but you can minimize the error if you know the features, advantages and disadvantages of the Dalmatian exterior. A prospective puppy must certainly meet the following requirements.

A male even at the age of one month is noticeably different from littermates - he is more massive, he has a larger head, thicker paws. Remember that for a bitch, rudeness, a "male" type are undesirable signs and are regarded as a disadvantage.

The puppy should have a flat back and strong straight front legs, elbows pressed to the chest and pointing straight back. The hindquarters must have well defined angulations. Paws should have a rounded shape, and the fingers should be gathered into a tight ball.

The tail of the puppy should be saber-shaped, long, it is not desirable that it rises much higher than the level of the back and in no case should it twist.

The ears should be high-set, of medium size, tightly pressed to the head. At the base, they are wide and gradually narrow to rounded ends.

The teeth should meet in a scissor bite, i.e. the upper teeth overlap the lower ones, but at the same time the incisors of the lower jaw adjoin the back side of the upper incisors without a gap with their front surfaces. A puppy should have 32 milk teeth, which by the age of three months begin to gradually change into permanent ones.

Discard a puppy with deviations from the normal bite. Correction of teeth is a thankless and usually useless occupation, and dogs with such a defect are disqualified. However, it should be noted that the correct bite and completeness of the puppy's teeth is not a complete guarantee of the correctness of the teeth after their change.

The easiest way to test hearing is with a sleeping puppy. He should instantly wake up from a sharp noise. An awake puppy reacts to a loud sound by pursing its ears or moving its head.

Pay attention to the color of the puppy's eyes. In young puppies, the eyes are dark blue, with a "languishing", they become brown after two months. Puppies with brown spots have lighter eyes. Sometimes puppies are born with blue eyes. In a month old puppy, they are milky blue, heavenly in color. This is a disqualifying vice. In all countries except the USA, Dalmatians with blue eyes or odd-eyed are married, they are not issued a pedigree (sometimes issued with the mark "Tribal marriage") and they are not allowed for breeding. Blue-eyed puppies are complete in all respects and do not differ from other dogs in anything except the color of their eyes. In many breeds of marble color (white with black) - great danes, dachshunds, collies, huskies, etc. - blue eyes are provided by the standard. So for a pet, the blue-eyed puppy you like is quite suitable, but, unfortunately, his exhibition and breeding career is ordered for him.

If you are purchasing a male, make sure both testicles have descended into the scrotum. In a month old puppy, these may be just small bumps, in a two month old they are already quite pronounced. Keep in mind that the puppy may react to various unusual situations by retracting the testicles.

If by 4 months the male lacks one or both testicles, he is recognized as a cryptorchid and discarded. Therefore, if you have doubts about the usefulness of the selected puppy, and you don’t want to refuse it at all, discuss the terms of payment with the breeder (for example, the final payment in 4 months. A respectable breeder in such cases should meet you halfway).

The color is very important for the "show" Dalmatian. This breed is famous for its original and unique color - white with black or brown "polka dots". Dalmatian puppies are born white, spots appear gradually, starting from two weeks of age.

One and a half - two months old puppy already has a mostly formed color, however, individual spots may appear within six months or even later. Closely spaced spots may grow and merge over time, which is not a disadvantage.

Ideally, in an adult dog, the spots should be the same size, from 2 to 4 cm in diameter, on the head, ears, legs, tail, slightly smaller than on the body. Puppies with "congenital spots" - large, often irregularly shaped pigmented areas of wool - are rejected. Blackened areas formed by a large number of merged spots should be distinguished from "congenital spots". In the latter case, white hairs are visible against a dark background, and the "congenital spot" consists of a smooth, continuous, uniform coat of black or brown color. Many Dalmatians have blackened ears - this is not a defect or fault.

A saturated color is desirable. The spots should be bright black or dark brown (chocolate) on a pure white background without any impurities.

A defect is considered to be a lemon, peach or pale yellow color, the presence of a third color, for example, when, along with dark brown or black, there are also light brown or yellow spots.

Pay attention to the edging of the eyelids. If an adult dog has a gap in the edging exceeding 3 mm, then it is rejected. In a one and a half month old puppy, a gap in the edging should alert, especially if the general pigmentation of the coat and nose is normal.

The nose should be fully pigmented: in puppies with brown spots it is brown, in puppies with black spots it is black. It should be borne in mind that the pigmentation of "brown" puppies is somewhat slowed down.

What can you advise the future owner? Be guided by your taste: someone likes light dogs, someone - "freckled". Less likely in puppies with very small specks, unevenly colored - with pronounced light and black areas. Brown puppies with light brown spots will not darken with age.

However, in the most thorough way, each puppy has already been examined by a strict commission, which includes experienced cynologists. All remarks and shortcomings of each puppy are noted in the Litter Inspection Certificate, which remains with the breeder until all the puppies are distributed, so it is advisable that you familiarize yourself with the conclusion of the commission. This will make your choice easier.

Well, finally, the choice is made, and your puppy is ready to leave his native nest. Bring a large flat-bottomed bag with a blanket. A one-month-old puppy weighs about 3 kg, a two-month-old puppy weighs twice as much, and besides, not every baby will sit comfortably in your arms all the way home, so a bag may well come in handy.

Taking a toy or piece of nest-scented blanket with your puppy (best to bring with you on one of your first visits to the breeder) may help the puppy get over the separation from his relatives more easily.

Be sure to ask the breeder what and how often he fed the puppies. In the early days, it is better not to change the diet and feeding regimen drastically. In general, do not hesitate to ask questions: to give advice to a novice dog breeder is the duty of every breeder. In addition, he is personally interested in the fact that his bitch has excellent offspring.

And the last. Where to buy a puppy? If you intend to have a good breeding dog, then do not rush to the market. It is better to take a puppy from home, seeing all the puppies and their mother. It is good if you have determined in advance for yourself at the exhibitions from which breeders you would like to have puppies. However, such a thorough approach is rare. It is best to take a puppy from a well-established kennel, whose puppies are consistently favorites in the show ring.

Currently, several kennels have appeared in Russia, the owners of which are professional cynologists. By purchasing a puppy in such a kennel, you will get a lot of advantages. The breeder will follow the fate of your puppy, help with advice, recommend a veterinarian, help prepare the dog for the show, etc.

There are cases when individual clubs irresponsibly issue matings of dogs culled in other clubs, with obvious defects, such as blue eyes, deafness, having "breeding marriage" in the pedigree. Some breeders try to register puppies culled during activation or left for re-examination in other clubs and get full-fledged pedigrees on them.

1. What is the correct name of the breed? Dalmatian? Dalmatian? Dalmatian dog? In print and everyday life there are different names.

The correct breed name is Dalmatian.

2. How many spots should a Dalmatian have?

All Dalmatians are colored differently, and of course, no one counts the number of spots. It's not that important at all. An ideal Dalmatian - looking at which one does not want to reduce his spots or add somewhere, in which all the spots are evenly spaced and, if possible, stand separately from one another. Dalmatians with too many or too few spots are unlikely to show successfully, but will make very good family members.

3. What is the average life expectancy of Dalmatians?

Dalmatians often live up to 15-16 years, but the average life expectancy is 11-13 years.

4. What is the size of an adult Dalmatian?

Males are usually larger than females, their height is 60-64 cm, weight is 30-35 kg. The size of bitches is 56-60 cm, weight 23-27 kg.

5. Who is this breed suitable for?

This breed is suitable for young and energetic people up to 35 years old, as well as for couples with children. You should not start a Dalmatian for pensioners, people who work too hard and have children under 2 years old.

6. What are the difficulties with this breed?

The Dalmatian is an energetic and active dog. If you do not pay enough attention to his walks and physical exercises, the dog can become poorly controlled - spoil things, disobey on the street, etc. Think in advance if you can fully walk with the dog at least 1 hour a day?

7. Do Dalmatians shed?

Dalmatians shed all year round. Their hair is very visible on dark clothes and is sometimes difficult to clean off a shaggy fabric or carpet. In order to have less wool in the house, it is necessary to regularly comb the Dalmatian with a special brush or hand. 2-3 minutes a day spent on this will reduce the amount of wool in the house to a minimum.

8. Do Dalmatians get cold in winter?

Dalmatians in Russia live everywhere - in the Far North, and in Siberia, and in the Urals. In especially severe frosts in these regions, they put on special overalls. In central Russia, you can completely do without them. In 20-degree frost, Dalmatians walk perfectly and do not freeze.

9. How do Dalmatians feel about children?

Dalmatians are a great breed for families with children. They are medium in size, just enough for a child to be interested in handling a dog, but not too large so that a teenager can easily cope with an adult Dalmatian. Young children should be taught how to properly handle a dog. If you are purchasing a puppy older than 3 months, you should purchase it from a reputable breeder who has socialized the puppy and taught it to interact with children and teenagers. Dalmatians are very fond of the company of children, and your puppy will surely become the favorite of all the kids in the yard.

10. Do they get along with other dogs?

Dalmatians get along very well with other dogs and are generally more fun with company than alone, especially if their owners are at work all day. Males on the street when meeting strangers are sometimes pugnacious.

11. Will a Dalmatian get along with a cat?

Many Dalmatian owners keep cats or other pets. If the cat does not show aggression, they will certainly make friends.

12. Is it true that Dalmatians are stupid and naughty?

This is wrong! Dalmatians are companion dogs, for many years they do not carry out any service, their main task is to be pleasant companions and friends for humans. If Dalmatians did not meet these requirements, they would not be so popular. Over the years, this breed has been selected in such a way as to be as comfortable and pleasant as possible for humans. At the same time, their understanding and learning is of great importance.

13. Are Dalmatians easy to train?

Dalmatians are smart and love to please their owners. With appropriate training, they are easily and quickly trained in obedience courses. It is recommended that growing dogs be enrolled in a training group or practice on their own.

14. At what age can you start training a Dalmatian?

You can start training a puppy from 4-5 months. It will be good if by this time he knows the basic commands and tricks: “No” or “fu”, “Come to me”, he will be accustomed to walk on a leash and will know his place. Also by this time it is necessary to accustom him to cleanliness. Read more about training Dalmatians in the articles on how to train a puppy and teaching some necessary skills. You may also find articles on Dalmatian training and agility training helpful.

15. Can a Dalmatian be a guard?

If you're looking for a guard dog, the Dalmatian might not be right for you. These dogs love everyone in the world and are friendly to strangers. Your Dalmatian will probably bark at the doorbell, but don't expect more from him.

16. What health problems do Dalmatians have?

A Dalmatian purchased from a good kennel, where they pay attention to the health of the dogs when breeding, is unlikely to give you any trouble. Dalmatians have a peculiarity of the urinary system, in connection with this, dogs can form bladder stones. Proper nutrition, enough fluids and a couple of articles you read on this topic will prevent the problem. In especially serious cases, dogs need treatment. Sometimes Dalmatians suffer from allergies. This disease is often inherited. Look at the parents of the puppy you want to buy and make sure they don't have allergies.

17. Is it true that Dalmatians are deaf?

A small percentage of Dalmatians are born completely deaf. Serious breeders euthanize such puppies even before the start of the sale of the litter. When choosing a puppy, check his hearing. If you are interested in the problem of deafness in Dalmatians, I advise you to read the articles discussion about deafness in Dalmatians and the relationship of deafness to pigmentation.

18. Do Dalmatians eat a lot? What do they eat?

Adult Dalmatians usually eat 2 times a day. Most breeders and owners prefer to feed them ready-made food from companies such as Pedigree, Royal Canine, Eukanuba, Hills, Purina. Depending on the type of food, age and condition of the dog, the Dalmatian eats 300-600 g of food per day. I recommend that you read articles about feeding Dalmatians with prepared foods and natural products.

19. Does the Dalmatian need a special diet?

A healthy Dalmatian does not need a special diet. Most ready-made feeds are suitable for him. It is only necessary to ensure that the protein level in them is not higher than 26%.

20. Is it possible to give "human" food?

It is best to feed your dog ready-made food, but you can give him any vegetables and fruits (make sure that you are not allergic to them). You can also use cheese, sausage or crackers as treats when training your dog.

21. What should I purchase before buying a puppy?

Before buying a puppy, you need to purchase food (the one he ate from the breeder), 2 bowls, a cage or basket in which the puppy will sleep, several toys, bones. Your breeder may also recommend shampoo, vitamins and minerals, and other grooming products. If you're buying a puppy, you'll also need a collar and leash, and flea and tick medication in the summer.

22. Where to buy a puppy?

It is best to buy a puppy from a well-known kennel that has been successfully breeding Dalmatians for several years and has a good reputation. Even if you do not need a show dog, it is best to contact specialists for a puppy, as in the future you will be able to use their advice on growing, feeding and training it. By the way, the price of non-show dogs in a well-known kennel and in a novice breeder is usually the same.

23. How do you know if a breeder is serious?

A serious breeder must be a member of the National Dalmatian Club. He will confidently and thoroughly answer any of your questions, as well as ask you many of his own questions in order to get to know you better and understand if the breed is right for you and what kind of puppy you need. A serious breeder participates in exhibitions, and at his house you will find a large number of exhibition awards - cups, ribbons, etc. His dogs have champion titles, and you can see certificates confirming this. Puppies must have a tattoo and documents - puppy cards, after 2 months - age-appropriate vaccinations. A respectable breeder takes great care to find a good home for the puppies and continues to communicate with buyers for many years. Get some specialized Dalmatian magazines. There you will find the information you are interested in. Read more...

24. Can I buy a puppy in the market?

If you are determined to have a healthy dog, do not rush to the market. It is better to take a baby from home, seeing all the puppies and their mother. When buying a puppy from random people, you are taking a big risk. What will you do if your new friend gets sick the day after the purchase? Where will you look for the seller and how to demand compensation from him? It is not uncommon for puppies with fake documents to be sold on the market, but you will not immediately find out that you have been deceived, and it will be too late to do anything. Even more disappointing when you find out that for the money that a puppy from the market cost you, you could buy a good show and breeding dog in a prestigious kennel.

25. How much do puppies cost?

The cost of puppies in different cities of Russia, as well as in different kennels, can vary greatly. What matters is the number of titles of parents and other ancestors, the puppy’s show prospects, his age, as well as the name of the breeder and what he can offer you as additional help - preparation for exhibitions, consultations, vaccinations, subsequent training of the dog, etc. Discuss this ahead of time so you know what kind of help you can expect to raise a dog.
Based on all of the above, the average cost of a puppy is 100-500 US dollars.

26. How to choose the right puppy?

First of all, you need to choose the right breeder. He must be a Dalmatian specialist and just a decent person. State clearly your task: you need a good show dog, or a dog for a child, or a male for breeding, etc. If you clearly know what you want, the breeder will help you choose the right puppy for you. However, before purchasing a puppy, it will be useful for you to read the breed standard, as well as articles on developing a promising show dog and choosing a puppy.

27. Is it true that puppies are born white?

Yes it is. Spots on them appear only by 2 weeks.

28. Is it true that Dalmatians are brown? Are they rarer and probably more expensive dogs?

White and brown Dalmatians are less common than white and black; this is due to the recessive nature of the gene responsible for this color. Brown puppies usually cost the same as white and black puppies, but they attract more attention because of their unusualness. White and black dogs can be bred with white and brown, they are also exhibited together at exhibitions.

29. What is the best age to get a puppy?

Puppies begin to be sold at the age of 45 days. If you spend most of the day at home, you can buy a puppy at this age. It will require a lot of care, but you can grow it yourself the way you want. Working people should think about a grown puppy that can be fed 3 times a day. If you want to immediately start walking with a puppy, buy a fully vaccinated one, that is, not earlier than 2.5-3 months of age. If you're at work all day and can't devote enough time to your dog, consider getting an adult dog. More about it...

30. Who is better - male or female?

This question is difficult to answer unambiguously. If you have children under 14 in your family, it is probably worth getting a bitch so that the child can handle her on walks and take care of her upbringing. If you do not plan to breed, it is better to buy a male. Read more...

31. What is the right way to vaccinate?

It is best to buy an already vaccinated puppy with a veterinary passport. This will give additional guarantees that he will not get sick.

32. Is it obligatory to go to exhibitions?

Of course not. Some breeders, when selling a promising puppy, may insist that by buying him, you should be engaged in his show career. If you are not interested, discard this puppy and choose another one. Exhibitions are an interesting and exciting side of a dog breeder's life. Perhaps, even before buying a puppy, you should visit 1-2 exhibitions to see if you want to participate in them in the future.

33. Do I need to knit a dog?

Definitely not. A dog should only be bred if you want puppies from it and it is good enough for that. The absence of puppies does not affect the health of the dog (both male and female). However, if you have acquired a non-pedigree dog, it would be wise to spay or neuter it. In this case, you will get rid of problems with heat in the bitch, and the male will become more obedient and will not run after every bitch in heat on the street.

Dalmatin-club.ru

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