Interesting facts about human vision. Curious facts about vision Amazing properties of the human eye

Every day a person blinks 11,500 times!

Eye

The weight of the eye is 7-8 g, the diameter of the eyeball is 2.5 cm. The human eye is 15 times smaller than the eye of a giant squid with a diameter of 38 cm, corresponding in size to two human heads.

Eyelashes

Eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and ensure that the eyelids close when touched by a foreign object. Since there are 80 eyelashes on each PCS, our eyes are protected by a real curtain of 320 eyelashes. Eyelashes fall out and grow back in 100 days. Thus, a man will change his eyelashes 260 times in his life, and a woman - 290. The total number of eyelashes in men and women is 83,000 and 93,000, respectively.

Persons suffering from poor eyesight have a fixed look and rarely blink. Men usually blink once every 5 seconds. Minus 8 hours of sleep, it turns out that they blink 11,500 times a day. In a lifetime, a man blinks 298 million times, and a woman 331 million times.

Tears

Lacrimal fluid (tear) moisturizes the surface of the eye. In the absence of tears, such a delicate organ as the eye would become dehydrated, and blindness would quickly set in. The lacrimal glands of both eyes produce three thimbles of tears (0.01 L) daily.

Tears free the body from chemicals associated with nervous tension, the content of which is reduced by 40%. Not in reproach to women, it should be noted that due to the release of a hormone with the pleasant name “prolactin”, they cry four times more often than men.

Vision

The mechanisms of the eye and the camera are similar. Depending on the size of the aperture, more or less light enters the camera. The role of the diaphragm in the eye is performed by the pupil (dark spot in the center of the iris). The rays of light reflected by the object pass through the lens of the camera lens, and in the eye - through a kind of lens-crystalline lens located inside the eyeball. In the camera, these light rays then converge on photographic film and capture an inverted image on it. This completes the photography process. In the eye, light rays are captured by the retina (at the back of the eye), which is equipped with 132 million receptor cells - “image receivers”, including 125 million rods that provide light perception, and 7 million cones that provide color perception. (The layers of the retina are called "rods" and "cones" because of their shape.) During the transmission of an image to the brain, the image is processed by the optic nerve.

The eye itself can produce focus (accommodation) in order to see near and distant objects. A person with normal vision is able to clearly see objects at a distance of 60 m. The eye can distinguish objects at a distance of less than 5 m. The minimum limit of clear vision in a young person is 15 cm, but objects become blurry at a closer distance. However, this limit changes with age: 7 cm - at 10 years old, 15 cm - at 20 years old, 25 cm - at 40 years old, 40 cm - at 50 years old. The increase in the limit with age is due to farsightedness. In favorable conditions for vision, with good lighting, the eyes can accurately distinguish 10 million shades.

The volume of the image arises because we see with two eyes.

The full field of view in humans is 125 degrees. For comparison, we note that in cats this figure is 187 degrees.

The acuity of human vision is 500 times lower than that of owls, which are able to distinguish their prey from a distance of 2 m in almost complete darkness. To give other striking examples: a golden eagle can spot a hare from a height of 3.2 km, and a falcon can spot a dove from more than 8 km away.

The iris of the eye is a colored diaphragm, which in the first years of a person's life can change color. Both fingerprints and the pattern of the iris are individual for each person.

blind spot

One of the areas of the retina, the so-called blind spot, does not have photoreceptors and therefore does not perceive light. This is the exit point of the optic nerve from the retina. The blind spot, however, does not prevent us from seeing - the brain mostly "ignores" it.

vision defects

Myopia is the inability to see distant objects clearly. In this case, the muscles do not sufficiently relax the lens, so the light rays are focused in front of the retina and the image on it is blurry. This deficiency can be corrected by using contact lenses or glasses with concave glass lenses that scatter the light beam.

Farsightedness is the inability to see close objects clearly. In farsighted people, the muscles do not squeeze the lens tightly enough, so the light rays are focused behind the retina and the image is also blurred. Glasses with convex lenses that concentrate light help with farsightedness.

Color blindness, or color blindness, is the inability to distinguish certain colors.

The boy Vovka quickly, deftly wanted to untie the rope. In order to untie the knot, He began to pry with an awl. Awl, scissors, knives You don’t keep toys in toys, After all, it’s very easy to injure an eye with a sharp object! Natalia Orlova

The nervous system constantly receives signals from the outside world with the help of special sensors. They are called sense organs. Eyes Light is perceived by the organs of vision - the eyes. From them to the brain, the path is very short. The eyes are its outgrowths! Your eyes are like two cameras or two television cameras that are aimed at the world around you. The outer opening of the chamber is usually covered ...

One summer, the boy Petya Vorobyov was frightening in the garden, Forgetting everything in the world, He shot at them with a slingshot. Once! Another! And the third time! Suddenly he hit his brother in the eye - Almost knocked out his brother's eye! .. Do not shoot from slingshots! Natalia Orlova

Tongue The tongue is a muscular organ located in the mouth. Its length is 9 cm, width 5 cm and weight 50 g. The tongue is formed by muscles connected to the base of the lower jaw and allows it to perform many movements, such as folding, rotating (up to 40 times per minute kiss), etc. The functions of the language are varied. Due to its mobility (on average up to 80 ...

Once upon a time there was such a case: A cartridge was lying on the ground, The guys hit the stone - And it exploded loudly! Rushing to the hospital A car with Andrey - Hurry up to be treated! Hurry! .. Hurry! And in the hospital - silence. The bed is long for the boy ... The boy is crying, very pale - A copper fragment got into his eye! This hall is clean, simple, It smells sharply of medicine, It’s terrible here ...

The sense of taste and smell are closely related. A wide variety of taste sensations is created by the combination of taste and smell. Receptor and supporting cells are located in the taste bud, like orange slices. The taste bud recognizes substances dissolved in saliva that enter the bulb through the taste duct, which opens on the surface of the tongue. The organ of taste is the tongue. On its upper side there are more than 10…

With bad eyesight, guys, Living without glasses is torment! You don't get it, a poster? Poster? Who is coming - Ilyusha? Grisha? Maya began to say: “I will not wear them, Children at school will often Call ...

There are 200 million olfactory cells in the upper posterior part of the nasal cavity! Pleasant and pungent odors floating in the air are captured by the nose and then transmitted to the odor receptor (olfactory mucosa), with a surface hardly equal to the size of a postage stamp (3 cm2). 200 million cells (olfactory receptors), equipped with odor detectors and having nerve endings in the form of hairs, pick up the smell ...

Suddenly, little Slava's eyes began to squint, The right one began to shift towards the nose, What is there to do? How to be here? The doctor examined Slava and ordered to wear glasses: “Such a strabismus so that you don’t disgrace, Here is our conclusion: Glasses are one treatment.” They boldly go to the pharmacy, Mom bought glasses, Put them on Slava, And her eyes stood straight. Natalia Orlova

Let's figure it out together, children: Why are eyes in the world? Why do we all have a pair of eyes on our faces? Varya's eyes are brown, Vasya's and Vera's are grey, Little Alenka has green eyes. What are the eyes for? For tears to flow from them? You close your eyes with your palm, Sit just a little bit - It immediately became dark: Where ...

Interesting facts about human eyes. Few would argue that our lives would be unspeakably boring without our five senses. All of our feelings are important to us, but if you ask a person which of them he is least willing to part with, then most likely you would choose vision. The following are strange and Interesting Facts that you may not have known about your eyes.

1. We flash up to 10 million times a year.

2. All children are colorblind when they are just born.

3. A baby's eyes don't produce tears until they are 6 to 8 weeks old.

4. Cosmetics cause the most damage to the eyes.

5. Some people start to sneeze when a bright light hits their eyes.

6. Scientists believe that the golden color contributes to the restoration of vision!

7. The space between the eyes is called the glabelle.

8. The study of the iris is called iridology.

9. The cornea of the shark eye is often used in surgical operations on the human eye, as it has a similar structure.

10. The human eyeball weighs 28 grams.

11. The human eye can distinguish up to 500 shades of gray.

12. A paradox, but with fast reading, eye fatigue is less than with slow reading, and this is a fact.

13. Scientists have discovered that people tend to read text from a computer screen 25% slower than from paper.

15. The function of the eyes is to collect the necessary information about the object you are looking at. This information is then sent to the brain via the optic nerve. All information is analyzed in the brain, in the visual cortex, to enable you to see objects in their complete form.

16. Tears during profuse crying flow down a direct channel straight into the nose. Apparently, this is why the expression “do not breed snot” came about.

17. The eye is rotated by 6 eye muscles. They provide eye mobility in all directions. Due to this, we quickly fix one point of the object after another, estimating the distance to the objects.

18. Among all the sense organs, the eyes occupy a special place. Up to 80% of the information received by the body from the outside passes through the eyes.

19. It is known that Grigory Rasputin trained the expressiveness of his gaze, its rigidity and strength in order to assert himself in communication with people. And Emperor Augustus dreamed that those around him would find supernatural power in his gaze.

20. Our eye color provides information about heredity. For example, blue eyes are more common in northern regions, brown in temperate climates, and black in the equator.

21. In daylight or too cold, a person’s eye color can change (this is called a chameleon)

22. Today it is believed that people with dark eyes are stubborn, hardy, but in crisis situations they are too irritable; gray-eyed - decisive; brown-eyed are closed, and blue-eyed are hardy. Green-eyed people are stable and focused.

23. There are approximately 1% of people on Earth who have the color of the iris of the left and right eyes is not the same.

24. A mechanism with a human eye - is it possible? Undoubtedly! The most interesting thing is that such a device already exists! Mitsubishi Electric has developed an electronic eye on a chip, which is already being used in some products. This eye has the same functions as the human eye.

25. Why do people close their eyes when they kiss? Scientists have studied this interesting fact and found out that during a kiss we lower our eyelids so as not to faint from an overabundance of feelings. During a kiss, the brain experiences sensory overload, so by closing your eyes, you subconsciously reduce the excess intensity of passions.

26. Warning: When vision works with great overload, then there is a general overwork of the body, which is tantamount to stress. Hence - and headaches and a feeling of fatigue. The eyes of those who work with computers are more strained than those of those who work with printed text.

27. Computers of the future will be able to control eye movements! Instead of a mouse and keyboard, as it is now. Scientists at London College are developing technology that will allow them to monitor the movement of the pupil and analyze the mechanism of human vision.

28. The human eye distinguishes only seven primary colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. But besides this, the eyes of an ordinary person are able to distinguish up to a hundred thousand shades, and the eyes of a professional (for example, an artist) up to a million shades!

29. According to experts, any eyes are BEAUTIFUL by internal energy, health, kindness, interest in the world and people!

30. Record: The Brazilian can bulge his eyes by 10 mm! This man used to work at a commercial haunted ride where he would scare the patrons. However, he is now seeking worldwide recognition for his abilities. And he wants to get into the Guinness Book of Records!

31. Why does vision deteriorate? Experts say that the eyes are an indicator of how we look at the world. If vision deteriorates, then it is possible that a person is simply internally fenced off from something in his life, something does not suit him in the world around him. Although there are, of course, other reasons for the deterioration of vision.

32. Too tight clothing adversely affects vision! It disrupts blood circulation, and this affects the eyes.

33. Man is the only creature that has the whites of its eyes! Even monkeys have completely black eyes. This makes the ability to determine the eyes of others' intentions and emotions an exclusively human privilege. From the eyes of a monkey it is absolutely impossible to understand not only her feelings, but even the direction of her gaze.

34. Indian yogis treat their eyes by looking at the sun, stars and moon! They believe that there is no light equal in strength to the sun. The sun's rays revitalize vision, accelerate blood circulation, and neutralize infections. Yogis recommend looking at the sun in the morning when it is clear of clouds, with eyes wide open but weakened for as long as possible or until tears come to the eyes. This exercise is best performed at sunrise or sunset. But you shouldn't look at it at noon.

35. Greek philosophers believed that blue eyes owe their origin to fire. The Greek goddess of wisdom was often referred to as "the blue-eyed one".

36. Psychologists have found out what attracts us to strangers. It turns out that most often we are attracted - shiny eyes that radiate any emotions.

37. It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open!

38. The iris of the eyes, like human fingerprints, is repeated very rarely in people. We decided to use it! Along with the usual passport control, in some places there is a checkpoint that determines the identity of a person by the iris of his eye.

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We can say with confidence that vision is the most important sense of a person, since it is the eyes that provide us with up to 80% of all information that people receive from the environment. The structure and functioning of the visual analyzer is very complex, and some of the nuances are still a mystery to scientists. Nevertheless, there are many interesting facts about the eyes that will certainly not leave you indifferent.

1. The retina (the light-perceiving inner shell of the eye) perceives images of surrounding objects upside down, that is, a person, in fact, sees everything “upside down”, as well as in a reduced version. But in this situation, the brain comes to the rescue, which “puts” the picture in its place. To see the world like our retina, you can wear glasses with prismatic lenses.

The human eye perceives everything around in an inverted state, but the brain makes its own adjustments to this process.

2. Man actually sees with his brain. The human eye, in fact, is only a means of collecting information, and we see only thanks to the brain. Light leaves a reduced and inverted image on the retina, which is transformed from light rays into a nerve impulse. The latter, through the optic nerve, reaches the visual part of the cerebral cortex (occipital region), where the information received is decoded, analyzed, processed, corrected, and the person perceives the image correctly.

3. All blue-eyed people have the same ancestor. The fact is that the blue color of the eyes appeared as a mutation about 6,000 (maximum 10,000) years ago. Until that moment, blue eyes simply did not exist in humans. Changes occurred in the OCA2 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of melanin (the pigment on which the color of a person's eyes depends). Researchers, after conducting several experiments and studies, came to the conclusion that the first person who received blue eyes from nature as a gift lived on the Black Sea coast. How exactly the mutation spread to the whole world remains a mystery, but today approximately 40% of Caucasians are blue-eyed.

Interesting fact: all people with blue eyes come from the same ancestor

4. There are people with different eye colors. This situation is not considered a disease, but is a deviation in normal development and occurs in approximately 1% of people, called heterochromia. Heterochromia develops due to a violation of the synthesis of melanin in the iris of the eye. Most often it is hereditary, but it can occur due to injuries and some ailments. There is also a partial form of heterochromia, in which case part of the iris has, for example, brown color, and at the same time gray islands are present.

Variant of complete and partial heterochromia of eye color

5. Eyebrows are protective. Many do not even suspect why a person needs eyebrows. However, they play an important role. They protect the eyes from the possible ingress of sweat that flows from the forehead. Sweat contains a lot of salt, which can harm the delicate structures of the eye. The thicker the eyebrows, the better the eyes are protected.

6. Everyone has the same eyeball size.. Regardless of the article, age, race, physique, the size of the eye of all people is almost equal and corresponds to 24 mm. It is also interesting that in young children it is almost the same, so the eyes of the kids seem large and expressive.

The size of the eyeball is the same in almost all people.

7. The fastest reflex in the body is blinking.. The muscle that is responsible for the movement of the eyelids is the fastest. To implement the blinking reflex, our body needs only 10-30 ms, which is an absolute record.

8. The lens is many times superior to even the fastest and highest quality photographic lens in the world. To understand this, it is enough to realize how many objects a person immediately focuses his eyes on. The change of focus occurs before you move your eyes to the next object. No camera is capable of this, even the best lens needs seconds to change focus.

9. Visual acuity is greater than 100% (or 1.0). Everyone who has ever been to an ophthalmologist's appointment is familiar with the procedure for checking vision using special tables. As a rule, they have 10 lines of letters or images. If a person sees the last line from a distance of 5 m, then his vision is considered ideal and equals 1.0 (100%). But in fact, there are individuals whose eye can be even more keen and see, for example, 120%.

Visual acuity per unit is far from the limit for a person

10. Color blindness predominantly affects males., and every 12 men may not distinguish one or more colors, and most of them do not even know about their features. Color blindness is a genetic defect that is passed on the X chromosome from a carrier mother to her son. That is why men have an increased risk factor for color blindness, since they do not have a “spare” healthy X chromosome, unlike women.

11. Peripheral vision in women is much better developed than in men.. This is due to the peculiarities of human evolution. Since ancient times, the main task of a woman was to take care of children, cook food and other household chores (often it was necessary to monitor everything at the same time). The men, on the other hand, were focused on hunting and peered only at the center. By the way, such an interesting fact about the vision of men and women was described quite recently. A woman, looking straight ahead, sees much more with peripheral vision than the representatives of the stronger sex.

Women see much better with peripheral vision than men.

12. Newborn children see very poorly only at a distance of 30-40 cm. This is exactly the distance at which the mother's face is when breastfeeding. That is why the first person a baby begins to recognize is his mother.

13. Eye muscles are the most "hard-working" in the body. These small muscle fibers are more active than any other muscle in the body. They almost never rest, because even in a dream a person moves his eyeballs.

14. Ommatophobia - fear of the eyes. There are a lot of strange and little-studied phobias in the world, and ommatophobia is considered one of these. An ommatophobic person cannot look into the eyes of another because of fear. Such people never look into the eyes of others, walk in deep hoods, wear dark glasses. Fortunately, this phobia is not common and most often manifests itself in an erased form. Patients are treated by a psychotherapist. As soon as it becomes clear what causes became the basis for ommatophobia, it becomes easy to get rid of it.

People with ommatophobia are afraid of the eyes

15. Brown eyes are actually blue, but under a layer of pigment.. Everyone knows that children are born with the same eye color - dirty blue, and at about 3-5 months of life, the iris acquires its final color - brown, green, blue, black, etc. The fact is that pigment cells begin to synthesize that amount melanin, which is embedded in the genetic code, and the eyes change color. But if your iris is brown, then you can easily change its color to blue. For this, there is a special laser operation that reduces the amount of pigment and the initially laid blue tint appears.

16. The pattern of the iris in a person is as unique as fingerprints.. There are no two identical individuals in this parameter. Therefore, it can be used for identification, for example, when passing through passport control.

The pattern of the iris, like fingerprints, is unique to each person.

17. It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.. Scientists explain this by a reflex response - when sneezing, facial muscles contract, including the circular muscle of the eye. This action is associated with a protective function - closing the eyelids when sneezing prevents microorganisms from entering the eyes that fly out of the mouth.

18. The rarest eye color in nature is green.. According to statistics, the green color of the iris of various shades (from gray-green to emerald green) has only 2% of the world's population. It is also interesting that the medieval Inquisition considered red-haired women with green eyes to be witches and burned them at the stake. This also contributed to the low prevalence of such a beautiful color in our time.

Thus, there are many amazing facts about human eyes, and this is only a small part of them. No wonder they say that the eyes are the mirror of the human soul, and the soul is the biggest secret of our world.

- a very important organ in the human body, thanks to which a person perceives 95% of the information received. But many other interesting facts are connected with eyes and vision.

All eye cells are sensitive to sunlight, and there are 107 million of them in each eye.
The human eye can distinguish about five hundred shades of gray.
Unlike the ears and nose, which grow throughout life, the size of the eyes remains the same from birth.
A person blinks at a speed of about a hundred milliseconds, it is this muscle that is the fastest in the body.
The diameter of the eye is on average about two and a half centimeters, and the weight is only about eight grams.
The cornea of the human and shark eyes are very identical. That is why the latter is used as a substitute for eye surgery.
The eyes are the most resource-intensive part of the body for an organ. It uses 65% of the total work of all organs.
The average life of an eyelash is about 5 months.
Ten thousand years ago, absolutely all people on the planet had brown eyes. However, a genetic mutation soon appeared, resulting in blue eyes.
Those wriggling particles that are clearly visible when you look at a bright monochromatic space are called "floating opacities." They occur because the protein strands in the eye cast shadows.
The octopus is the only animal on the planet that does not have a blind spot.
In ancient times, some peoples, such as the Maya Indians, considered strabismus attractive and, in order to get it on purpose, perform certain exercises.
Eyes began to evolve more than 500 million years ago from particles of photoreceptor proteins of the simplest unicellular organisms.
Very often, poor vision is due to problems in the visual cortex of the brain, and not with the eyes.
The eyes are able to focus on 50 objects per second.
Human vision sees all images upside down, they return to their normal position already in the brain.
The eyes perceive only 3 colors: red, green and blue. The rest of the colors and shades are created by mixing these three.
With the eye movement test, schizophrenia can be diagnosed with very high accuracy.
We see only colors from the visible spectrum, since only they are able to penetrate water - the medium from which the eyes began to evolve.
There is a very rare genetic mutation in women that allows them to see about a hundred million colors.
The iris has 256 unique characteristics, 6.4 times more than fingerprints.
Pupils involuntarily dilate when a person looks at what he likes.
More than 8% of men are color blind.
The eyes can make smooth movements only by following a moving object.
Those bright flashes that occur when you rub your eyes are called "phosphene".
The visible part of the eyeball is a sixth of the total size.
A person cannot cry in space, because due to the lack of gravity, tears accumulate in balls and cannot roll down.
At birth, everyone has the same gray-blue eye color, and after 2 years, depending on the concentration of the melanin pigment, the true color appears.
People with green eyes are the rarest color. And the red color of the iris in albinos is due to the lack of pigment and blood vessels, which in connection with this become visible.
At the moment, it is not possible to perform a complete eye transplant due to its close connection with the brain. Also, the optic nerve cannot be restored.

How do people and animals perceive color?

Cats do not have access to red color and they see the world around them not at all bright, but they distinguish as many as 25 shades of gray. Indeed, during the hunt for mice, it is very important for them to accurately determine their color.
Dogs do not distinguish red, orange and yellow at all, but they clearly see blue and purple.
The rarest eye color in humans is green. Only 2% of the population of our planet can boast of it.
A person is born with conditionally light gray eyes, and their "true" color appears by 2-3 years.
Due to the huge number of light-sensitive cells - more than 130 million - the human eye is able to perceive about 5 million color shades.
The bee does not see red and confuses it with green, gray and even black. She clearly distinguishes only yellow, blue-green, blue, purple, violet. But very well perceives ultraviolet radiation. Among the pale, white petals, she can make out bright blue-violet patterns indicating where to look for nectar.
Eye color depends on a pigment in the iris called melanin. A large amount of pigment determines the formation of the dark color of the iris (black, brown, light brown), and a smaller amount - light (gray, green, blue).
Unlike most animals, humans have three basic perceived colors—red, blue, and green—which, when mixed, produce all the colors visible to the eye.
Red eyes are found only in albinos. It is associated with the complete absence of melanin in the iris, therefore it is determined by the blood in the vessels of the iris.
Contrary to popular belief, cows and bulls cannot see red. Many are sure that during a bullfight, the bull is irritated by the cape of the bullfighter, but as it turns out, this is not the case. The bull is not provoked by the color, since he does not see red, but by the very fact of movement. Since the bulls are also short-sighted, the flickering of a rag is understood by them as a challenge and aggression from the enemy.
In 1% of people on Earth, the color of the iris of the left and right eyes is not the same.
It is generally accepted that color blindness is a purely male “fate”. In one way or another, about 8% of men and only 1% of women suffer from it.
The inhabitants of the Baltic States, northern Poland, Finland and Sweden are considered the brightest-eyed Europeans. And the most number of people with dark eyes lives in Turkey and Portugal.

I look far!

Dogs see well at a distance, no closer than 35-50 cm. And closer objects look blurry and shapeless to them. A dog's visual acuity is about one-third that of a human's. But their eyes are tripled in such a way that they can easily determine the distance to the object.
Dragonfly is the most vigilant representative of insects. She can distinguish objects the size of a small bead at a distance of 1m. The eye of a dragonfly consists of 30,000 individual eyes, such eyes are called "faceted". Each of them snatches one point from the surrounding space, and already in her brain everything is shaped into a single mosaic. It's hard to imagine, but the dragonfly's eye perceives up to 300 images per second. In those cases when a person sees a flashing shadow, the dragonfly will clearly see a moving object.
If we take the visual acuity of an eagle as 100%, then normal human vision is only 52% of an eagle's vision.
The falcon is able to see a target as small as 10 cm from a height of 1.5 km.
The vulture distinguishes small rodents from a distance of up to 5 kilometers.
Frogs can only see moving objects. To consider a motionless object, she herself needs to start moving. In a frog, almost 95% of visual information immediately enters the reflex section, that is, seeing a moving object, the frog reacts to it with lightning speed, as if it were potential food.
In humans, the viewing angle is 160 to 210 °.
In goats and bison pupils are horizontal and rectangular. Such pupils expand their field of view up to 240 °. They see almost everything around, in the literal sense of the word.
The horse's eyes are positioned so that its field of view is 350°. Their visual acuity is almost the same as that of a human.
A cat has a 185° field of view, while a dog has only 30-40°.

Who sees best in the dark?

The most famous bird with good night vision is the owl.
Cats see in the dark 6 times better than humans. At night, their pupils noticeably expand, reaching a diameter of 14 mm, but on a bright sunny day they narrow, turning into thin slits. This is because an abundance of light can damage sensitive retinal cells, and with such narrow pupils, cat eyes are well protected from bright sunlight. For comparison, in humans, the maximum pupil diameter does not exceed 8 millimeters.
Owls stay awake at night and see much better at night than during the day. On a moonless night, they can easily see a mouse making its way in the grass, a bird hiding among the foliage, or a squirrel climbing a shaggy spruce. During the day, owls see poorly and wait for dusk in a secluded corner.
Horses have good panoramic vision, a developed ability to see in the dark and judge the distance to objects. The only thing in which the vision of horses is inferior to that of a human is the perception of color.

Eyes and their features

The movements of the chameleon's eyes are completely independent of each other: one can look forward, the other - to the side.
Some types of scorpions have up to 12 eyes, and many spiders have eight. The famous New Zealand tuatara lizard, which is considered a contemporary of dinosaurs, is called “three-eyed”. Her third eye is in her forehead!
The diameter of the eyeball of an adult is about 24 millimeters. It is the same for all people, differs only in fractions of a millimeter (without the presence of eye pathologies).
Goats, sheep, mongooses and octopuses have rectangular pupils.
An ostrich's eyes are larger than its brain.
Jumping spiders have eight eyes - two large and six small.
The eyeballs of an owl occupy almost the entire skull and, due to their large size, they cannot rotate in their orbits. But this disadvantage is redeemed by the exceptional mobility of the cervical vertebrae - an owl can turn its head 180 °.
Starfish have one eye at the end of each ray and individual light-sensitive cells are scattered over the entire surface of the body, but these inhabitants of the seas are only able to distinguish between light and dark.
The eye of large whales weighs about 1 kg.
The drawing of the iris of the eye in a person is individual. It can be used to identify a person.
The eyes of the mantis shrimp are a complex system. At the same time, they see in optical, infrared, ultraviolet, and also in polarized light. In order for a person to see in all these ranges, you need to carry about 100 kg with you. various electronic equipment.
Among the inhabitants of the seas, the most perfect eyes are in cephalopods - octopuses, squids, cuttlefish.

Do you know that...

The average person blinks every 10 seconds, the blink time is 1-3 seconds. It can be calculated that in 12 hours a person blinks for 25 minutes.
Women blink about twice as often as men.
A person has 150 eyelashes on the upper and lower eyelids.
On average, women cry 47 times a year, and men 7.
It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.
When working at a computer during the day, the eyes focus from the screen to paper about twenty thousand times.
Crocodiles cry when they eat meat. Thus, through special glands near the eyes, they remove excess salts from the body. This fact was experimentally confirmed by American scientists.
Eyes get used to the dark in 60-80 minutes. After being in the dark for about a minute, sensitivity to light increases 10 times, and after 20 minutes - 6 thousand times. That is why, coming out into the light, after being in a dark room, we always feel strong discomfort.