Pus in the ear of a dog treatment. Otitis externa is a severe ear disorder in dogs.

Otitis in dogs is a fairly common diagnosis, due to the peculiar structure of the auricle. Dog owners often face this problem. Inflammation of the ear brings unpleasant sensations to the animal: itching, pain. In some cases, the animal has a fever, the dog becomes lethargic, refuses to eat.

Otitis media should not be left unattended, you should immediately contact a veterinarian who will prescribe adequate treatment. Timely access to a doctor will reduce the risk of the disease becoming chronic, as well as preventing the formation of complications.

The most common reasons include:

ear mite;
tumor;
overgrowth of the ear canal;
allergic otitis;
foreign body.

As a rule, the tick affects both ears. The dog starts scratching its ears intensively. Brown dry discharge of a grainy appearance appears. In advanced cases, pus may be observed.

Tumor can form on the auricle or in the ear canal itself. The resulting tumor can cause otitis media if it blocks the ear canal, thereby preventing the ear from being “ventilated”. In some cases, the tumors themselves begin to bleed and become inflamed. In this case, surgical intervention is necessary followed by conservative treatment.

Overgrowth of the ear canal in most cases seen in dogs with an excessive amount of folds - bulldog, chow-chow, etc. The ear canal, as in the previous case, closes completely, which interferes with the ventilation of the ear. As a result, inflammation is formed. treatment is impossible without surgical intervention - excision of the ear folds.

Allergic otitis media often occurs in case of allergies, hormonal imbalance. This can occur in the case of abundant excretion of earwax, intensive reproduction of microflora and fungi. The dog begins to intensively comb the ear, it becomes red. sores from scratching may appear. Brownish ointment-like discharge with an admixture of pus appears.

foreign body is also one of the most common causes of otitis media. In most cases, insects, blades of grass, plant seeds, etc. get into the animal's ear. A foreign body caught in the ear causes inflammation of the ear. As a rule, a foreign body causes unilateral otitis media. In this case, the dog does not allow you to touch the ear, clean it, tilts its head to one side. A discharge of a transparent color with an admixture of pus or blood may form. The foreign body must be removed.

Symptoms

Recognizing inflammation is not such a difficult task. The following symptoms of otitis in dogs can be distinguished:

the dog scratches his ear much more often than usual;
often shakes his head;
purulent discharge from the ear with an unpleasant odor;
the dog does not allow to touch the ear;
the dog looks tired, loses its appetite;
tilts his head to the side.

On direct examination, redness of the external auditory canal can be detected. In the event that the inflammation is in an advanced stage, the animal has an increase in the submandibular lymph nodes.

If you find at least one of the above symptoms in your pet, contact your veterinarian immediately, who will examine and prescribe adequate treatment.

In no case do not self-medicate. Your pet's health is entirely your responsibility.

Treatment

Dog owners should make it a rule that self-medication can lead to undesirable consequences. Trust the health of your dog to professionals.

First of all, the veterinarian will take a sample to study the microflora. Then, using a special funnel, determine the amount of ear secretion and what kind it is. According to the data obtained, a diagnosis is established, which is classified into:

primary - in the absence of any diseases;
secondary - inflammation is one of the parts of the underlying skin disease;
idiopathic.

Regardless of the classification of the disease, the ear canal is washed. If there are any crusts in the ear cavity, they are carefully removed with a 2% solution of salicyl-tannin alcohol. The ear is then flushed with a syringe. If there are foreign bodies, they are removed with special forceps. Generally speaking, the doctor by all means ensures the visibility of the cavity of the ear canal.

Having found out what caused the inflammation, a certain treatment for otitis media in dogs is prescribed.

Allergic otitis, as a rule, develops against the background of an allergy to various types of foods, plants, etc. The animal develops itchy skin, bacteria growth is observed. Purulent discharge also appears. One of the important elements of treatment in this case is a hypoallergenic diet, which must be followed for 3 months. To relieve inflammation and eliminate itching, local preparations are prescribed.
Purulent otitis in a dog is manifested by an oily, unpleasant-smelling secret that stands out from the ear. If you start the process of treating purulent otitis media in a dog, ulcerative processes may begin, and further perforation of the eardrum. In the process of treatment, solutions of hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine are used. Antibiotics are also prescribed for otitis media in dogs. Otosporin type drugs are prescribed.
The fungal form of otitis media is more common than the others. Oddly enough, fungi are in the body of the animal all the time, but in certain circumstances they can cause inflammation. In this case, the ear canal is treated with phosphoric acid esters. At the initial stage of the disease, treatment with Gaselan 2% is prescribed.
How to treat otitis in a dog if the inflammation is caused by seasonality? During certain periods, there is a sharp increase in the production of earwax in the ear, which leads to the formation of crusts and plugs. Against this background, a bacterial infection may develop. in this case, otitis media drops for dogs with topical antibiotics are prescribed, as well as drugs like Otifree.

Be careful and very responsible in the treatment of your pet.

According to the authors of the book "Home Veterinary Guide for Dog Owners" ear diseases account for up to 20% of all diseases encountered in veterinary practice. In Russia, such studies have not been conducted, but it can be argued that most dog owners know about otitis (ear inflammation) by no means by hearsay. In autumn, this problem becomes especially relevant. Here is what the senior veterinarian of the Center for Emergency Veterinary Care Venera Khalilovna Solyamova says about otitis media.

Most often, dogs have diseases of the outer and middle ear; inflammation of the inner ear is, fortunately, comparatively rare.

Otitis media usually has the following symptoms:: the dog shakes its head, tilts it towards the affected side, scratches its ear. He is clearly uncomfortable. Worries about light pressure on the base of the ear.

The ear may feel hot to the touch, and on examination, hyperemia (redness) or swelling is noticeable. Allocations can be from catarrhal, almost transparent, to purulent. In acute purulent otitis, the general condition of the dog worsens. She is depressed, lethargic, her appetite is reduced, her body temperature is elevated.

Otitis media is most often caused by bacteria.(staphylococci, streptococci, proteus), of which Staphylococcus aureus is the leader ( Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi. This microflora is conditionally pathogenic: it can be present in the body of a dog and, under certain circumstances, can cause various diseases, including otitis media. Hypothermia, reduced immunity can become a trigger. Not the last role belongs to allergic reactions and improper feeding. An unbalanced diet, the wrong selection and use of dry food, the abuse of sweets - these are the provoking factors. One day, a Bloodhound was brought in with severe otitis media, which began a day after the dog pulled off and ate a whole cake.

There is a breed predisposition: Eastern European Shepherds, Cockers, Poodles often suffer from otitis media. Shepherds, mainly - because of the wide open ear canal, where dust and bacteria easily enter. But, of course, the "palm tree" belongs to lop-eared dogs. Poor ventilation of the ear contributes to the rapid development of pathogenic microflora.

Dogs with small semi-erect and erect ears, including cropped ones, are less susceptible to the disease.

Doctors also trace a certain hereditary tendency. If the closest relatives of the dog suffered from otitis, then, most likely, she will have the same problems. In addition, many puppies get the same Staphylococcus aureus from their mother. And in case of failures in the body, a dormant infection can make itself felt.

Otitis media should be treated by a doctor. Only a correct diagnosis with an accurate definition of the pathogen guarantees recovery. In clinics, laboratory tests are used for diagnosis - microflora seeding to identify the pathogen. If otodectosis is suspected, a microscopic examination of earwax is performed.

Treatment is prescribed depending on the test results. But taking into account the factors that cause the disease, it must still be complex. For successful treatment, medical supervision is necessary. Especially in chronic otitis, because in this case it is possible to attach a secondary infection, change the pathogen. Do not self-medicate. Attempts to cure otitis "by eye" or on the advice of "all-knowing" neighbors are not only unsuccessful, but also fraught with various complications.

So, for example, if a dog with bacterial otitis is given a drug for the treatment of otodectosis, which has a cauterizing effect, then the doctor will have to deal not only with inflammation, but also with the consequences of a chemical burn. It will be extremely difficult to cure this "bouquet".

Some owners rely only on blockades for treatment. This very effective remedy still has a strict indication - a purulent form of otitis media. Uncontrolled use of the blockade is not advisable. Medicamentous methods well complement physiotherapeutic methods of exposure: thermal procedures and ultraviolet irradiation.

Sometimes the owners are rather careless: they go to the doctor when the dog has been sick for a long time, the inflammatory process has become chronic. By this time, the dog won't even let you touch your ear. Such patients have to undergo anesthesia in order to examine and process the ear.

Perforation (rupture) of the tympanic membrane can result from neglected, improperly treated chronic otitis media. As a result, pus accumulates at the base of the ear, enters the inner ear, on the meninges. With the development of meningitis, the dog may die. In most cases, the dog's hearing is reduced, up to its complete loss. In addition, complications of chronic otitis media can be tumors, hyperplasia (growth) of the skin of the ear canal. Treatment of these complications is surgical.

First aid for otitis media: drip into the ear "Sofradex", "Ottinum" or "Ottipaks". These drops will not bring harm and relieve pain and itching well.

If the dog scratched the ear strongly, crusts formed, then they can be carefully removed with a swab with hydrogen peroxide and the wounds treated with a solution of brilliant green. A "squishy" ear can be carefully sprinkled with a powder consisting of one part streptocide and five parts of boric acid. At elevated temperatures, you can give analgin: 0.5-1 tablet, depending on weight. And, of course, do not delay the visit to the doctor.

Periodic inspection will eliminate many problems. This is an effective preventive measure. Naturally, a dog from childhood should be accustomed to both examination and cleaning of the ears.

For the care of the ears, there is a large selection of modern products: drops "Vetzim", powder "Ear powder" lines "8 in 1" and many others. They should be used when necessary, there is no need to wipe clean ears. Too zealous care leads to an imbalance in the microflora.

A dog that has had otitis media should be seen by a veterinarian at least once a year.. And following his recommendations during and after treatment is the best prevention of relapse.

Magazine "Friend" (dogs) - 1998 - 9

Otitis is an ear disease that causes discomfort to the animal and trouble to the owner. Delay in treatment is fraught with deafness and meningitis. At the same time, the pathology itself may be the result of disturbances in the pet's body. Therefore, it is not recommended to take action without consulting a veterinarian.

The disease requires long-term systematic treatment. The prescriptions of the veterinarian depend on the causes of development, severity and stage. To prevent the disease from returning, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures and maintain the hygiene of the pet's ears.

Description of pathology

Otitis - inflammation of different parts of the ear, accompanied by pain, discharge and leading to partial or complete deafness. Most often, both ears are affected at once. The organ of hearing in a dog is arranged somewhat differently than in humans, it is more susceptible to external influences. Dust particles, insects, dirt, water easily enter the ear canal, which provokes inflammation.

Most often, the disease is diagnosed in lop-eared individuals. Cocker spaniels, dachshunds, basset hounds are vulnerable. Under a dense lobe, an ideal warm environment is created for the development of microorganisms. Often the disease occurs in shepherd dogs.

The reasons

Basically, the pathology is provoked by external factors. Affect temperature, dust, arthropods. But there are also hereditary predisposition, hormonal balance, nutrition. The table shows the external and internal causes of the development of the disease.

Table - Causes of otitis media in Canids

The reasons for the development of pathology can be combined. For example, due to malnutrition, the dog's immunity has decreased (lack of vitamins, calcium, iron, magnesium). On a walk, the pet became cold, and the body could not resist the development of pathogenic bacteria. The latter, in turn, provoked otitis media.

Classification

Otitis is classified according to three criteria - localization, development factor, pathogen.

Ear inflammation can affect the outer part of the organ or penetrate deep into the brain. Depending on the localization of infection, the disease is divided into three groups.

Outdoor . It spreads to the outer part of the ear from the ear opening to the eardrum. It is the mildest form of the disease, which does not affect the hearing aid and is cured with local preparations.
Average . The most common, affecting the area behind the eardrum. May affect the facial nerve. Accompanied by dry conjunctivitis and painful sensations when chewing.
Internal . Rare, but the most dangerous form. The disease affects the deep structures of the ear. It affects the vestibular apparatus, which is manifested by impaired coordination of movements. May transfer to brain tissue. Left untreated, it leads to deafness.

According to the factor of occurrence, two forms of the disease are distinguished.

Primary (idiopathic). It arises and develops independently due to the influence of external or internal factors. It can develop in any part of the body and is classified as external, middle or internal.
Secondary . It manifests itself as a result of advanced skin diseases or pathologies of internal organs. In particular, inflammation is provoked by autoimmune diseases, diseases of the adrenal glands or the thyroid gland, atopic dermatitis, and dermatosis.

Depending on the nature of the pathogen, seven types of otitis media are distinguished.

Purulent otitis media develops as a complication of any type of pathology, if the treatment of the pet is not started in time. It is characterized by abundant secretions of yellow or greenish color with an unpleasant odor. May cause hearing loss.

Symptoms

There are five characteristic symptoms of pathology.

Allocations. From the auditory organ stand out thick sulfur, pus, blood. In some cases, the eyes fester. The discharge has an unpleasant odor.
Temperature . The affected ear is visibly hotter than normal. Also, the general body temperature may rise in the animal.
Appearance . The ear is red and swollen. The lymph nodes are thickened.
Combing. The dog feels itchy, often scratches the ear with its paw, leans on its side towards the affected organ and shakes its head.
Behavior. The pet becomes lethargic, apathetic. Refuses to eat and lies most of the time. Some individuals whine plaintively or react aggressively to touching their ears.

The sooner full treatment begins, the better for the animal. Therefore, when symptoms are detected, contacting the veterinarian should not be postponed.

Effects

If the disease is not treated in the early stages, then it becomes chronic with periodic (seasonal) exacerbations. Also, neglected inflammation leads to the following consequences:

partial or complete deafness;
perforation (damage) of the eardrum;
strabismus;
meningitis;
discharge of pus from the eyes.

During periods of exacerbation, the dog experiences pain. It becomes difficult to chew, which leads to digestive problems.

In no case should you start otitis media. It won't go away on its own. The most dangerous consequence is meningitis (inflammation of the brain). The disease is difficult to treat, often leads to the death of the pet.

Therapeutic tactics

The first thing the owner should do is to alleviate the suffering of the animal and take it to the veterinarian.

First aid

Before visiting the doctor, the owner can relieve pain and clean the pet's ears. The following activities are allowed:

rinse - remove the formed crusts with a gauze swab moistened with hydrogen peroxide;
disinfect scratches- lubricate wounds and ulcers with brilliant green, iodine solution or "Fukortsin";
reduce pus - gently clean with a swab with boric acid;
relieve itching - drip "Otipaks", "Sofradex" or "Otinum".

The Streptocide tablet, ground into powder, will help absorb the pus. After cleaning with boric acid, so that the ear does not “squish”, carefully distribute the product. Carry out manipulations in surgical gloves so as not to introduce an additional infection.

Preparations

Medicines are prescribed in accordance with the pathogen. Fungi are treated with antifungal drugs. For example, Miconazole, Nystatin, Clotrimazole. When pus is released, antibiotics are used, which are selected by the attending veterinarian. Antifungal and antibacterial agents are used in combination to reduce bacterial colonies. The allergic form is treated with antihistamines and antipruritics.

The most convenient form is drops. Liquids relieve pain, swelling, destroy bacteria, and promote wound healing. It should be dripped exclusively into the ear cleaned from secretions. The table shows the treatment regimens for different types of disease.

Table - Overview of ear drops for dogs

Complex therapy, in addition to drops, includes cleansing, strengthening immunity, fortification, and diet. Ears are regularly cleaned with a gauze pad moistened with Dioxidine, Chlorhexidine. When the tympanic membrane is ruptured, washing is carried out with a warm solution of sodium chloride. Hormonal, antiseptic, wound healing ointments help to speed up recovery.

With varying degrees of the disease, injections can be prescribed to relieve pain and strengthen the immune system. Novocaine blockade is effective, in which a smaller number of pain impulses enter the brain, and, consequently, the body does not respond with inflammation.

Preventive measures

This is an unpleasant disease, the treatment of which can take several months. For the peace of mind of the dog and the owner, it is recommended to carry out a prophylaxis consisting of three measures.

When swimming, especially in open water, make sure that water does not get inside the ear. Clean them with gauze swabs, not cotton wool, as the villi remaining in the ear canal can provoke inflammation.

Only a veterinarian can prescribe proper treatment after a complete examination of the animal. To make a diagnosis, a visual examination and analysis of blood, ear secretions, and skin are performed. If the equipment is available, the dog is given an X-ray and MRI, which gives a complete clinical picture. Perhaps the dog is suffering from a tumor or the disease is progressing to the brain.

Reviews

As the owner of Sharpei, I know firsthand about the problems with the ears. Constant inflammation, squelching and purulent otitis accompanied us for a long time. Constantly treated with antibiotics, dripped a huge number of drops, strictly monitored nutrition, no sweets. acute. But periodically the ears became inflamed. The dog constantly shook his head, especially at night, his ears were hot and red. this went on for almost a year, until finally by chance I met an excellent veterinarian who told me that antibiotics are antibiotics, but the dog's ears, in this case I'm talking about the Shar-Pei breed, need to be constantly cleaned. Now without fail, in the morning and in the evening I clean my ears with a cotton swab dipped in a solution of chlorhexodine. And not only from above, but you need to get inside the auricle, the owners of Shar-Pei will understand me how difficult it is. But the result is on the face, we forgot about purulent otitis media. but inflammations still occur, and then on an emergency basis after cleaning I drip Levomikol 5%.

Basya Basikov, http://www.mydog.su/forum/lechenie-otita-u-sobak

I had to deal with such a topic directly. The pet of my friends had an earache, he became restless, he constantly tried to scratch the sore spot with his paw. This attracted attention - and naturally, we decided to establish the cause on the spot.

First of all, you need to know that there are three types of otitis media. And you can define it yourself. Our pet had an external variant of this disease. This most often occurs when the animal's ear is not properly cleaned. The infection has gone. And there was - inflammation, pain, purulent discharge, itching, and swelling of the lymph nodes.

Nobody canceled a trip to the doctor. But for treatment, you can use a warm compress. Before this, be sure to clean the auricle with a solution of furacilin - or boric acid. The animals do not like the procedure very much - but what can you do, you have to endure all the whims during this session. I can say right away that our Jack behaved like a real hero. He is a purebred German - and very scrupulous about his own well-being. And most importantly, in his sad muzzle, it was clear how he was suffering from this pain. After washing, be sure to insert swabs soaked in 70% alcohol solution into the ear canal. Then our four-legged patient was sent to rest in his corner. He blissfully dozed off and felt much better the next day.

To the doctor we vse-taki have got. This is a must to check that the dog's ear and hearing are all right. Our home health care has been fully approved. Just in case, Sofradex was prescribed. These are ear drops with antibacterial properties. They need to drip 10 days. This is how this problem is solved if it is not possible to immediately get to a specialist.

I warn you that this approach applies only to otitis externa. If the dog has a fever, sharp shooting pain, a sharp decrease in hearing - this is an infection that could become a complication in the dog's diseases. If there is no pus: then bed rest, instill warm 96% alcohol, and make a warm compress. Pus should appear within three days. If this does not occur - immediately to the clinic.

If all of the above symptoms are accompanied by dizziness, vomiting, and high fever - run to the doctor. This is the most terrible type of otitis - internal. He can completely deprive the dog of hearing.

kasior, http://www.mydog.su/forum/lechenie-otita-u-sobak

I was prescribed surolan drops for golden with otitis, otipax did not help us. They said that it is necessary to wash the ear with peroxide three times a day (directly wind a piece of cotton on the clip, soak it with peroxide and clean it), you can also rinse it with chlorhexidine if the otitis media is not neglected, it does not hurt them so much, but peroxide is better. Lactofiltrum, suprasatin and some kind of antibiotic were prescribed inside, I don’t remember now. But there was definitely allergic otitis media. It is necessary to understand what causes otitis, a lot depends on this.

Be sure to see the vet. It will be necessary to hand over the KLA and be checked for ear mites.

Flora Emberskaya, http://www.e1.ru/talk/forum/read.php?f=130&i=1168973&t=1168973&

In my opinion, certain breeds of dogs suffer most from otitis media. Shepherd dogs are very susceptible to this disease. Our dog first fell ill at eight months due to the fact that he was very fond of swimming, and at the same time diving with his head. Our doctor said that this disease is likely to become chronic. And so it happened. Now Rex is 12 years old, and we suffer severely from time to time with our ears. Recently treated with the Czech drug otiovin. It helped. Sold in veterinary pharmacies. At the very beginning, they also tried to treat with human drugs, but they immediately refused - the dog simply howled in pain. And yet, in addition to bathing - you can’t allow dogs to stick their heads out the window when traveling in a car - their ears immediately get cold.
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Otitis media is an inflammation of the external ear in dogs. Clinical signs. Causes of otitis. Prevention and treatment .

Inflammation of the external auditory canal ( Otitis externa ) is a fairly common diagnosis in the practice of treating dogs. The disease is based on a variety of causes, and therefore it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive history and a thorough general and local examination.

Etiological factors Otitis externa can include ear mites, foreign bodies (most often bristles that are granulated on one or both sides), tumors, injuries to the ear canal such as from a bite, and autoimmune diseases like pemphigus and allergies, especially atopy and food allergies. , and seborrhea and pyoderma.

Chronic atopic otitis in a dog

Chronic otitis media, indicating inflammation of the ceruminal glands and erythema (redness) of the ear in a dog

Damage to the vestibule of the auricle in an autoimmune disease (foliar pemphigus

Predisposing factors : narrow ear canal, heavily overgrown ear canal (poodle, kery blue terrier), maceration due to bathing water, pronounced wrinkling of the head, and heavy, low-set long ears (cocker spaniel, american dachshund), a also unskilled cleaning and hair removal.

to supporting factors include infection of the external auditory canal due to the above causes and predisposing factors. The most important pathogens are staphylococci and streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus, and quite often a fungal infection also occurs. Most often it is a yeast fungus Malassezia pachidermatis (former name Pityrosporum canis ), less often about microsporosis and trichophytosis. Along with this, otitis externa is supported by obstructive processes (otohematomas, inflammatory changes) and otitis media.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms are pain and discharge from the ear of various kinds of secretions - serous fluid, pus, blood. The animal may shake its ears or tilt its head. Cats may flatten their ears. On examination, there is redness and swelling of the external auditory canal. In severe cases, an increase in the submandibular lymph nodes on the side of the lesion is observed.

With otitis media and internal, there is pain when opening the mouth, difficulty chewing, deafness, there are discharge from the eyes, strabismus, the animal can spin towards the affected ear.

Survey. It is divided into examination of the coat and the whole skin to identify the underlying general skin disease and the actual examination of the ear. This must be done carefully, sparing the dog. In principle, both ears should be examined, even when only one seems to be affected. The severity of erythema and edema, the type of secretion, ulceration, and the condition of the tympanic membrane provide important diagnostic and prognostic indications.

Diagnosis. In severely suppurating, ulcerated and all chronic mixed forms, or in cases where treatment has already been carried out before, it is necessary to take a sample on a swab for bacteriological and mycological examination before using any drugs (if possible, also determine resistance). The first external examination using an otoscope with an inserted funnel will provide information about the type and amount of ear secretion, which often allows conclusions to be drawn about pathogens. Ticks, if present, can be detected with a magnifying glass. Ticks Otodectes cynotis they look like white, rounded, rather mobile dots 1.5 mm long.

Based on clinical research, the following classification of otitis is reasonable:

Primary otitis externa occurs in the absence of other diseases.

Secondary otitis externa is an integral part of the main skin disease:

Idiopathic otitis externa cannot be unambiguously attributed to either the first or the second group.

Regardless of the type of otitis, the ear canal must be washed and kept clean: remove the intervening hair either with an arterial clamp or (only with an intact eardrum) with a depilatory cosmetic cream, which must be applied for five minutes. Then rinse with a mild, slightly warm solution, for example Otifree , with significant crusting - with a 2% solution of salicyl-tannin alcohol, clean the passage with a cotton swab or, better, rinse with a syringe that allows you to inject liquid with adjustable pressure. A cotton swab can push a secretion plug or a foreign body into the depth of the passage and injure the eardrum. If a perforation of the eardrum is suspected, only a slightly warm saline solution can be used, however, also a 0.5-1% solution of Chlorhexidine, for example Hibitane , or 2% acetic acid solution. Foreign bodies should be removed through the ear funnel with forceps for ear polyps.

As a result of sanitation, a good visibility of the external auditory canal should be ensured, as little as possible injured to assess the condition of the epidermis and tympanic membrane. In primary otitis, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease, for example, remove the foreign body, predisposing factors, such as severe overgrowth, are corrected as far as possible, and the supporting factors (infectious process) are treated. In secondary otitis, the goal of treatment is to eliminate the underlying disease, after which otitis externa often resolves on its own, or symptomatic local treatment is carried out.

For idiopathic otitis media treatment is limited to the elimination of predisposing factors and the suppression of supporting factors.

Actually local treatment depends on the cause, the condition of the epidermis and the properties of the secret:

External erythematous otitis. Redness of the ear canal, sometimes increased peeling of the epithelium, the initial stage of more severe forms. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ciloprin.

External serous otitis. Increased excretion of earwax. If not treated, crusts and plugs form, then a bacterial infection develops. Treat with earwax medications, such as Otifree followed by treatment with drops containing antibiotics and glucocorticoids, for example/

External purulent otitis. It develops from the forms described above. Oily, purulent, often foul-smelling secret due to colonization of bacteria and/or fungi. With a prolonged illness, ulcerations of the mucous membrane are formed and there is a danger of perforation of the tympanic membrane with the penetration of infection into the middle ear. You can process, at your own discretion, 0.1-1% chlorhexidine solution, 5% povidone-iodine solution, 2% acetic acid solution, 3% hydrogen peroxide solution or EDTA - TRIS . If perforation of the tympanic membrane is suspected, treat only with tepid saline. Follow-up treatment for 2-3 weeks with broad-spectrum antibiotics, based on antibiogram results, and glucocorticoids, e.g. Otosporin and Gentaseptin , or antifungal drugs, such as Fucidin and Pevet . In severe cases, especially if the middle ear is affected, systemic treatment with antibiotics, fungicides and glycocorticoids should also be carried out. If after 4 weeks there is no recovery, the diagnosis should be checked and, if necessary, operated.

External warty otitis. The end stage of otitis externa. Thickening of the folds of the auricle, warty formations in the ear canal, which leads to its narrowing, usually fungal infection Malassezia or infection, often perforation of the eardrum. Operation shown.

Prevention

To prevent otitis media, it is necessary to avoid the causes that can provoke it. Once a week, inspect and carry out hygienic treatment of the ear canal.

Self-medication can be dangerous for animals, so a full-time examination and consultation with a doctor is necessary.

First aid for otitis: drip "Sofradex", "Ottinum" or "Ottipaks" into the ear. These drops will not bring harm and relieve pain and itching well.

Periodic inspection will eliminate many problems. This is an effective preventive measure. Naturally, a dog from childhood should be accustomed to both examination and cleaning of the ears.

For ear care, there is a large selection of modern products: drops "Vetzim", powder " Ear powder "lines" 8 in 1 "and many others. They should be used when necessary, there is no need to wipe clean ears. Too zealous care leads to an imbalance in the microflora.

A dog that has had otitis should be seen by a doctor at least once a year. And following his recommendations during and after treatment is the best prevention of relapse.

Technology for the treatment of otitis media in dogs

During a physical examination, the entire body should be examined, especially the skin and cranial nerves. Examine the skin for damaged fur, saliva stains, and erythematous patches. Look for signs of middle ear inflammation (facial paralysis, Horner's syndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and signs of internal inflammation (head tilt, nystagmus, ataxia). Examine the oral cavity for tenderness, which is often observed with developed inflammation of the middle ear, chronic inflammation, or neoplasms. Examine the ears for tenderness, thickening, and calcification.

Exudative manifestations may vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body. otitis caused by Pseudomonas and Proteus , are manifested by soreness and the release of a large amount of pale or light yellow secretion and ulceration of the epithelium.

Infection with staphylococcus is manifested by the release of exudate from yellowish-brown to gray. Tick-borne lesions exude large amounts of brown, crumbly exudate, while yeast lesions exude tan to brown exudate.

Cytological examination should be carried out for all types of otitis media. A dry cotton swab is used to collect exudate from the vertical canal. The resulting material is mixed with mineral oil and examined at 40x or 100x magnification for the presence of mites. Then the second swab is rolled up on a glass slide, the smear is fixed by heating and stained according to Diff Quick , new methylene blue, according to Wright/Giemsa or Gram. Examine the smear under immersion at 1000x magnification for the presence of bacteria, yeast, and inflammatory and epithelial cells. A swab from an unaffected ear under immersion may show isolated bacterial or yeast cells. Dogs with otitis usually find coccal forms, staphylococci or streptococci. Staphylococci are usually found in the form of diplococci (2 cells stuck together).

Sticks are usually Gr-( Pseudomonas, Proteus , Escherichia coli). Malassezia pachydermatis - oval or peanut-shaped Gr+ yeast, which is usually found on a glass slide next to epithelial cells. Malassezia easier to detect by cytology than by culture. When yeast is detected on cytological examination, hypersensitivity can be considered the primary cause of otitis media. If only rods are found on cytology, culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed.

Culture and susceptibility studies first of all help to establish the resistance of bacteria to agents used for topical therapy, especially if topical antibiotic therapy has already been carried out before and Gram-rods are found on cytology; or if there is already inflammation of the middle ear.

Radiography works well in patients with chronic otitis externa if the physician cannot determine whether otitis media is present on physical examination; assess the degree of damage in the presence of inflammation of the middle ear; and determine the degree of ear cartilage calcification (indicator for surgery). Radiography can give a false negative result in the diagnosis of otitis media in 25% of patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance are more sensitive methods.

A biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of demodicosis if scraping and cytology are negative or in the diagnosis of immunological diseases, allergies, adenitis of the sebaceous glands, or neoplasms.

Other diagnostic studies include intradermal allergy tests; antibiotic samples for pyoderma; endocrine tests (eg, thyroid hormone levels); skin scraping for mites Demodex, sarcoptic mange, and Malassezia ; hypoallergenic diets; and cytology of pustules.

Cytological examination of the ceruminal glands: yeast-like fungus (Malassezia pachidermatitis)

Measures for inflammation of the outer and middle ear.

The goal of interventions for otitis externa is to eliminate, prevent and control the primary factors; cleaning and drying the ears; reduction of inflammation; and prevention of secondary infection.

Ear cleaning is necessary to remove all accumulated organic matter, to facilitate examination and the application of local therapy. The anesthetized animal is placed on its side. Examine the canal and remove hair or foreign bodies with forceps. Fill the ear canal and cover the outer ear with the cleaning solution and massage the canal for 2 minutes and the outer ear for 1 minute. Remove excess solution and organic buildup with a cotton ball. Try not to use cotton swabs, which can injure the epithelium and push organic accumulations further into the canal. The canal is flushed with warm water or sterile saline twice, using a balloon syringe or syringe and a cat catheter, then all liquid is aspirated with an 8 French red rubber catheter. Repeat otoscope examination. If the tympanic membrane is ruptured, the middle ear is cleaned (1% of patients may have short-term complications such as head tilt and nystagmus). Cleaning may not be effective or possible if the ears are severely stenotic or swollen. It may be necessary to apply systemic or topical glucocorticoids or antibiotics to relieve inflammation and swelling before the final cleansing. It is necessary to continue local treatment after complete cleaning and drying of the canal (fluid suction). Use neomycin, gentamicin, or chloramphenicol to suppress Gr+ cocci. If gram-rods are found on cytology, polymyxin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, or amikacin should be used. Enrofloxacin is used to treat a ruptured eardrum. In the presence of yeast, clotrimazole or miconazole is used. You can also use a 2.5% solution of acetic acid or silver sulfadiazine (1 g of powder in 100 ml of water). Glucocorticoids are used topically to relieve inflammation. Dimethyl sulfoxide enhances the penetration of glucocorticoids such as fluocinolone, which reduces hyperplasia. The use of ototoxic substances should be avoided when using dimethyl sulfoxide to increase penetration and absorption of substances. Hosts should apply topical therapy 2-3 times a day, massaging the ears for 60 seconds after each application. To remove excess earwax, you should use special ear cleaners every 3-7 days.

Additional studies should be carried out every 2 weeks to monitor the dynamics of the process (are there any improvements) and patient compliance with the regimen and treatment regimen, and develop a long-term treatment plan. Cytological studies are needed to further evaluate the response to ongoing treatment.

For example, if bacteria and yeast are absent, but inflammation continues, then allergic otitis media or otitis media due to excessive sulfur formation can be considered the primary factors. If the bacteria persist despite appropriate topical treatment, then the bacteria may be resistant to these drugs.

specific therapy.

Earwax solvents are used to clean the ears. They contain surfactants or emulsions that help dissolve sulfur plugs, soften them and help remove exudate. Water soluble substances contain docusate (DSS ) or propylene glycol; mineral oil, lanolin and glycerin are not water-soluble substances. Urea peroxide softens sulfur plugs.

Cleansing/drying mixtures are water-soluble and contain solvents for earwax and drying agents such as alcohol and alpha hydroxy acids (lactic, salicylic, malic), which have moderate antibacterial and antifungal effects.

Owners should be instructed how to clean the ear canal with special cleaners and massage the ear cartilage for 1-2 minutes, then remove wax buildup or let the dog shake it out. Purifiers work more effectively if the liquid is left in the ear for 15 to 20 minutes. The use of cleaners is contraindicated in perforation of the tympanic membrane due to possible ototoxic effects.

Flushing solutions are used to remove sulfur plugs or accumulations of organic matter. The safest are water or sterile saline. You can also use chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, xenodin and acetic acid.

Chlorhexidine (0.05%) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that has a long residual effect for 2 days and is not inactivated by organic substances. May be ototoxic, but one study showed no ototoxic effects after 21 days in dogs with experimentally perforated tympanic membranes. Povidone iodine (0.1-1%) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, although Gy-organisms are more resistant. It has residual activity for 4-6 hours, but is inactivated by organic substances. It can also be ototoxic and can cause contact allergies in some animals. Xenodin diluted 1:1 with water has an effective effect on resistant strains Pseudomonas . It has a long-lasting effect, causes less tissue reaction than povidone-iodine and interacts less with organic substances. This substance is more effective in the aquatic environment. Acetic acid (when diluted 1:2-1:3) acidifies the internal environment of the canal, has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas , staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia coli, dissolves accumulations of organic matter, but can cause inflammation.

Means for local therapy is usually applied twice a day. The principle of treatment, which is often followed, is: “If wet, dry. If dry, moisturize. In other words, if the ears are wet, drying agents should be used, and if the ears are dry, flaky, oil-based agents that have a moisturizing effect should be used.

Medicines are often divided into first choice and second choice medicines (see list at the end). First-choice drugs (ie, trezadem, panalogue) are used for acute or occasionally recurrent otitis externa; they usually contain antibiotics and corticosteroids, some contain antifungal components. Second choice drugs (i.e. synotic, otomax, enrofloxosin) for chronic or recurrent cases with significant proliferative changes or resistant microflora. Solutions or lotions are often used for more acute exudative lesions because they are less likely to obstruct patency. Ointments and oil-based substances are used in the treatment of drier chronic otitis externa.

Topical application of antibiotics and antifungals is necessary for most types of otitis externa, since the corresponding microorganisms multiply in the inflamed canals. Topical application of glucocorticoids is prescribed to most patients, since they have anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictive effects, relieve itching, reduce proliferation and reduce secretion. Dimethyl sulfoxide is a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also has analgesic, moisture-absorbing, and mild antibacterial/antifungal effects. Dimethyl sulfoxide prevents excessive formation of connective tissue and facilitates the absorption of antibiotics and glucocorticoids. It is often used in conjunction with fluocinolone (Synotic) for developed allergic and proliferative otitis externa. Dimethyl sulfoxide potentiates the ototoxic effect of other drugs.

Systemic glucocorticoids or antibiotics should be considered for otitis externa, acute otitis externa, or recurrent or chronic otitis externa. Antibiotics should be effective against staphylococci, streptococci and E. coli (i.e. 1st generation cephalosporins, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol) and against Pseudomonas (enrofloxacin, ticarcillin, ceftiofur) in chronic cases in which other antibiotics are ineffective. Culture isolation and susceptibility testing are essential for selecting appropriate antibiotics. Prednisolone is prescribed at 0.5-1.1 mg / kg / day for severe inflammation or proliferative changes, the dose is gradually reduced after 2-3 weeks of treatment.

Specific diseases - external bacterial otitis media.

If cytological examination reveals a large number of leukocytes and bacteria, especially if the latter are localized inside leukocytes, it can be concluded that bacteria are involved in the pathogenesis of otitis externa. Acute or occasionally recurrent otitis media with bacterial isolation on cytology is treated with topical drugs, often neomycin. Chloramphenicol also works satisfactorily as a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic, but is not effective against Pseudomonas . Gentamicin should not be used in acute and occasionally recurrent cases to avoid the development of microflora resistance. Before using antibiotics, cleansing / drying agents should be used (increased local action). Systemic use of antibiotics is indicated for significant tissue edema, a huge number of inflammatory cells in cytological examination, with tissue ulceration or dermatitis around the auricle.

With the constant detection of bacteria during cytological examination, especially in the presence of Gram-rods, it can be concluded that the microflora is resistant to locally applied drugs. If the microflora is resistant, preparations containing gentamicin are topically applied, or local and systemic use of the preparations is stopped for 3-5 days, then the culture is isolated and examined for sensitivity to antibiotics.

For otitis caused by Pseudomonas , apply topical polymyxin B, colistin sulfate, amikacin, or enrofloxacin, or select a systemic antibiotic based on susceptibility test results. Glucocorticoids, topically or orally, can also be used additionally. With stability Pseudomonas to all antibiotics in standard testing, repeat susceptibility testing with stronger antibiotics (eg, ceftiofur) or use silver sulfadiazine, xenodin, chlorhexidine, or Tris-EDTA with or without gentamicin ( Tris-EDTA enhances the effectiveness of gentamicin against pseudomonas).

Other primary or predisposing factors such as atopy, food allergy, or anatomical changes should also be considered.

Infections caused Malassezia (yeast mushrooms).

Malassezia (yeast fungi) are opportunistic pathogens causing inflammatory changes. Allergies are often the main problem. Antifungal agents include ketoconazole, miconazole, nystatin, and clotrimazole. Miconazole is 10 times stronger than nystatin. The activity of amphotericin and thiabendazole varies depending on the type of pathogen. Hosts should also use cleansers/dryers every 24-48 hours. Topical application of glucocorticoids is indicated to relieve inflammation. With stability malassezia use clotrimazole, miconazole, silver sulfadiazine (mixed 50:50 with water and applied every 12 hours), oral ketoconazole (5-10 mg / kg every 12 hours for 2-4 weeks; a prolonged form of 5-10 mg / day can be used kg every 48 hours) or oral itraconazole (5 mg/kg/day for 2-4 weeks).

Specific treatment - ear mites Otodectes.

The ears are cleaned, then locally active substances are applied or acaricidal substances are applied systemically, all animals that have been in contact with the infected animal are treated. Pyrethrins, carbaryl and rotenone have no effect on mite eggs, so they should be used for 21-28 days, during the entire life cycle of the mite. Thiabendazole is effective against ticks at any stage of development, including eggs. It may be necessary to treat the entire surface of the body with a solution or spray against fleas, since ticks can move to another part of the body. The disinfection of the environment should also be taken into account. Ivermectin has an effective effect, both when administered orally, and when applied topically and parenterally. Dosage 3mg/kg once a week for 3-4 weeks or 3mg/kg every 10-14 days. Ivermectin should not be used on Collies, Great Danes, Australian Cattle Dogs and their hybrids. Before using ivermectin, a test for the presence of heartworms should be performed.

Demodicosis.

Demodicosis can be generalized or localized to the ears (especially in cats). Trezaderm, amitraz solution in propylene glycol (dogs, diluted 1:30 to 1:60), oral ivermectin (0.6 mg/kg every 24 hours for 2-3 weeks, thereafter as indicated), or oral milbemycin oxime (1 mg/kg every 24 hours for 2-3 weeks, thereafter as indicated).

Allergic otitis.

Allergic otitis has a tendency to chronic course or relapses. Allergies should be controlled with diet, oral glucocorticoids, antihistamines, fatty acids, or desensitization. Sick animals require supportive topical therapy. Initially, the goal of therapy is to relieve inflammation and control the development of a secondary/opportunistic infection. First choice medications such as Tresaderm or Panalogue should be used if germs are present. If microbes are not detected during cytological examination, substances that relieve inflammation (for example, synotic) are used. Along with the control of bacterial / yeast microflora, maintenance therapy is used, depending on the degree of development of the disease. For subacute allergic otitis media, purifying/drying agents are used. For moderate allergic otitis media, mild glucocorticoids/astringents (HB 101 or Burow's liquid (?) or Cort/Astrin ) or glucocorticoids/cleansers/dryers ( Epi-otic or Clear X ). In advanced cases, stronger glucocorticoids are used ( Synotic ). Long-term topical use of strong glucocorticoids is contraindicated because they are absorbed and have a systemic effect and cause the development of symptoms similar to Cushing's syndrome. Prolonged use of solutions containing antibiotics can lead to the development of resistance of the microflora, as well as to have an ototoxic effect or cause the development of an allergy to medicinal substances. If the animal is prone to recurrent bacterial or fungal allergic otitis, tresaderm should be used every 48 hours throughout life, or if ear inflammation is severe, use Synotic with chloramphenicol (2-4 ml / 8 ml of synotic every 48 hours, rubber gloves must be worn when applying). With a relapse Malassezia treatment should be with a cleanser/dryer 1-3 times a week and a solution of Conophyte with the addition of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) or for a long time orally with ketoconazole every 48 hours. Controlling allergic otitis is similar to treating atopy or food allergies.

Inflammation of the outer and middle ear.

Otitis due to excessive formation of earwax .

Sulfuric otitis associated with endocrinopathy (hypothyroidism, imbalance of sex hormones) or idiopathic seborrhea. Affected animals show mild to moderate inflammation and excessive accumulations of yellow sulfur. Such animals are prone to developing secondary yeast or bacterial infections. Monitoring of primary factors should be carried out until complete cure of otitis media. If necessary, apply continuous local therapy; once the secondary yeast/bacterial infection has cleared up, supportive therapy with glucocorticoids or glucocorticoids/astringents is given, as well as routine flushing with cleansers/desiccants or simply desiccants.

The specific disease is idiopathic inflammatory/hyperplastic otitis externa of cocker spaniels.

There are reports that Cocker Spaniel idiopathic inflammatory/hyperplastic otitis externa also occurs in other spaniel breeds. Otitis develops at an early age and gradually progresses, causing proliferation, canal stenosis, cartilage calcification, and progresses to inflammation of the middle ear. Affected animals usually do not have other skin diseases. This condition must be differentiated from atopy, food allergy, and idiopathic ear sebaceous inflammation in Cocker Spaniels. Active glucocorticoid therapy (topically) is required, some patients may require oral glucocorticoid administration every 48 hours to control the disease. Resection of the lateral auditory canal does not make sense, total resection with osteotomy of the tympanic bladder is indicated for stenosis, significant proliferative changes and cartilage calcification.

Proliferative otitis externa.

Proliferative otitis externa requires active topical (dexamethasone, betamethasone, or fluocinolone) and systemic glucocorticoids if inflammation is present, as well as topical and systemic antibiotics to clear deep-seated infection. Oral prednisolone is started at 1 mg/kg/day and tapered gradually over several weeks. Total resection of the auditory canal with osteotomy of the tympanic bladder is recommended.

Otitis externa in swimmers.

Otitis externa in swimmers may be based on an allergic component with the imposition of a secondary bacterial or fungal infection (yeast). The infection is suppressed with topical drugs, followed by ongoing maintenance therapy with drugs such as isopropyl alcohol or aluminum acetate. Acetic acid is used as an antimicrobial and cleanser, and is also used in the treatment process. HB 101 Epiotic HC or Clear X , as well as steroids for allergies.

Chronic irritation.

Chronic irritation with topical application of drugs - contact hypersensitivity. The most frequently observed reactions are neomycin, sometimes propylene glycol, in some cases acetic acid, alcohol, glycerin, povidone iodine. Cytological examination reveals neutrophils; bacteria and yeast fungi are absent. If irritation is severe, the irritant should be removed and oral glucocorticoids given (0.5-1 mg/kg prednisolone every 24 hours for 3-7 days). If necessary, switch to the use of substances with an astringent effect and local anti-inflammatory therapy. If necessary, use chloramphenicol as an antibacterial agent.

Overdose.

Overdose is manifested by inflammation of the auditory canal; cytological examination reveals epithelial cells. To relieve inflammation, stop the topical use of drugs and clean with a mixture of vinegar and water (1: 2-1: 3) within 24-48 hours.

Ear inflammation or otitis in dogs is one of the most common reasons for visiting the clinic. Chronic and acute otitis media undermine the immunity and general health of pets. The dog becomes irritable, sometimes even naughty and nervous due to constant pain. In severe cases, the pet may die. What is otitis media and how to notice this ailment in time?

is an inflammation of the part of the ear that ends with the tympanic membrane. This is the easiest type of otitis media, because. the hearing aid is not affected. The disease is easily treated if the cause of the disease is correctly established and therapy is started on time. If you delay a visit to the veterinarian, perforation (rupture) of the membrane and the transition of inflammation to the middle section are possible.

Otitis media is the most common form of this disease. The auditory ossicles (hammer, anvil and stirrup) are located in the middle section, so serious damage can lead to hearing impairment or loss. The infection enters the middle ear from the outer section, from the nasopharynx (, bad teeth, virus) or with the blood stream. in a dog that is not treated, it may move to the inner ear. Therefore, one should not delay a visit to the doctor, one should not rely on self-healing, advice from friends, etc.

otitis media rare, but very dangerous. If you delay the treatment, the pet can become completely deaf and even die due to if the inflammation has passed from the ear to the meninges. In addition to general symptoms, dizziness, vomiting, salivation, strange movements of the paws or head are possible with internal otitis media - the dog loses orientation in space (there is a vestibular apparatus in the internal section).

Ear otitis in dogs is purulent, exudative (sulfuric discharge) and catarrhal, acute and chronic. More often than others, pets with a very wide or narrowed ear canal suffer from otitis media. Hanging ears, especially tightly pressed to the head, block the air flow to the ears, which is why the inside of the ear canal is constantly warm and humid - a paradise for bacteria.

Otitis often develops due to insufficient or excessive care of the pet's ears (dirty ears or cleaned to a shine, devoid of a protective layer of sebum and sulfur). The reasons may not be directly related to the ears - low immunity, exhaustion, constant hypothermia and sleeping on a draft / cold floor, hormonal surges, bad teeth.

Read also: Parainfluenza in dogs - not fatal, but unpleasant

Infectious otitis media

Viruses, fungi and bacteria are the main enemies of the ears and the most frequent provocateurs of otitis media. Pathogenic microflora can develop externally and internally (bad teeth, general infection). In the case of any infection, the signs of otitis media are clear and characteristic:

reddened, thickened, bumpy, crusted or glossy, as if stretched, skin;

discharge (something yellowish, greenish or greyish constantly flowing from the ear or both ears);

non-healing scratches;

unpleasant odor from the ears;

pain (the pet does not allow you to touch your ears, growls or runs away, whines when touched, squeals and jumps up in a dream);

squelching with light pressure on the ear.

The pet shakes its head in a peculiar way, as if it wants to throw off something that is interfering. Some pets rub their ears on the floor or furniture, yawn forcefully, or often open their mouths wide (a reflexive attempt to relieve congestion). If you delay treatment, you may experience a rise in temperature, refusal to feed, general lethargy, unwillingness to play and walk - everything shows that the pet is sick and weakened.

bacterial otitis media develops in a similar way. Some bacteria (such as cocci) can also spread throughout the body, but this is less common than with a fungus. But viruses, unlike fungi and bacteria, rarely affect the ears directly. More often, viral otitis is understood as a complication after a viral illness - enteritis, distemper, etc.

Read also: Dry keratoconjunctivitis in dogs: causes and treatment options

Allergic otitis media

It is impossible to determine allergic otitis by eye - reddened combed ears in dogs, thick discharge, head tilted to one side, intolerance to touch. The pet is in pain, he shakes his head, tears his ears with his claws. These same symptoms can talk about any other type of otitis media. But with allergies, standard therapy is ineffective, so the veterinarian must definitely control the treatment process.