Pain in the duodenum. Inflammation of the duodenum: causes and symptoms

Duodenal ulcer (DU) refers to chronic diseases and is characterized by the formation of an ulcer on the mucosa of the organ. The course of the disease is undulating with periods of remission, when symptoms are practically absent, and periods of exacerbation. Most often, peptic ulcer of the duodenum is diagnosed simultaneously with a stomach ulcer - in this case, we are talking about a combined pathology.

Classification

In medicine, it is customary to classify duodenal ulcer into several types. All of them have their own characteristics and should be subjected to individually selected treatment.

According to the frequency of exacerbations:

• duodenal ulcer with rare exacerbations - the manifestation of acute symptoms occurs no more than 1 time in two years;
• duodenal ulcer with frequent manifestations - exacerbation occurs at least 1 time per year.

By the number of ulcers formed on the duodenal mucosa:

• single;
• multiple.

According to the location of the defective formation:

• in the expanded part of the duodenum - bulbous department;
• in the post-bulb section.

According to the depth of damage to the wall of the duodenum:

• deep ulcers;
• superficial.

According to the state of the actual defective education:

• stage of active exacerbation;
• remission stage;
• scarring stage.

There are also differences in the types of duodenal ulcer, depending on the cause of the pathology:

• hormonal ulcers - the disease developed against the background of long-term medication;
• shock ulcers - a defective formation arose against the background of bruises, burns and any injuries;
• stress ulcers - develop against the background of stress, depression, strong psycho-emotional experiences.

Causes of duodenal ulcer development

The main cause of the development of the disease in question is Helicobacter pylori - pathogens that provoke the development of stomach ulcers. With a long course of gastric ulcers, bacteria necessarily fall on the duodenal mucosa and already there an ulcer begins to form. There are several factors that most often provoke the onset of the development of duodenal ulcer, although this is not necessary. These include:

• chronic overwork, stress, constant irritation, depression, disturbances in the psycho-emotional background;
• predisposition at the genetic level;
• increased acidity of gastric juice - it enters the duodenum and irritates the mucous membrane;
• inflammatory process in the duodenum, which is chronic in nature - duodenitis;
• a significant decrease in immunity against the background of any other pathologies;
• long-term use of certain drugs - for example, steroidal anti-inflammatory / non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs;
• violation of the diet.

Symptoms of a duodenal ulcer

If the disease is in remission, then nothing bothers the patient, he leads a normal life. In the case of an exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, the following symptoms can be expected:

1. . This is the most striking and constant sign of the disease in question. The pain is localized slightly above the navel, it can radiate to the scapula and the region of the heart - this leads to a false diagnosis. The pain is intermittent and most often occurs in the evenings or at night - the so-called "hungry" pain. The time of development of pain syndrome is 2-3 hours after eating. The greatest intensity of the pain syndrome is manifested in violation of the diet, taking medications, drinking alcohol.
2. Heartburn and belching. They will not be too intense - many patients do not pay attention to these symptoms at all.
3. Bloating and nausea. The patient complains of too much fullness of the abdomen, when even the most powerful drugs do not reduce flatulence. Nausea is not always present, but only after eating.
4. Vomit. It immediately brings relief to the patient - the feeling of bloating disappears, the pain disappears. Some patients voluntarily induce vomiting.
5. Disorders in the digestive system. We are talking about constipation - the act of defecation may be absent for quite a long time, up to a week. Often in the feces an admixture of blood and dense mucus is found.
6. Psycho-emotional disorders- a person becomes irritable, he is worried about insomnia.
7. Weight loss. This symptom is present in any case, despite the patient's excellent appetite.

Duodenal ulcer is characterized by exact seasonality - in the summer and winter months, there are no manifestations of this pathology at all, but the peak of visits to doctors about the above symptoms occurs in spring and autumn.

Diagnosis of duodenal ulcer

Despite the severity of the symptoms, the diagnosis of the disease in question should be carried out by a doctor. As part of the diagnostic measures, the following procedures are carried out:

1. Disease history. The patient finds out how often pain occurs, what they can be associated with (for example, food or physical activity), which helps to get rid of pain.
2. Anamnesis of life. It is imperative to find out what pathologies were previously diagnosed, whether one of the relatives had a duodenal ulcer, whether the patient has duodenitis.
3. Laboratory research:
   • general blood and urine tests;
   • stool analysis;
   • blood chemistry;
   • analysis of gastric juice - the level of acidity is determined.
4. Instrumental research:
   • the patient must undergo FEGDS - this helps the doctor to see the condition of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach, take a small fragment of the mucous membrane for study from the point of view of histology (the nature of the defective formation is determined - malignant / benign);
   • ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.

Treatment of duodenal ulcer

The treatment of the disease in question will be long, and the patient will have to follow a sparing diet all his life. Although not everything is so sad - doctors warn about the possibility of compiling a zigzag diet: during periods of exacerbation, nutrition is maximally limited and represents the most sparing diet, and with prolonged remission, even harmful foods are allowed to eat.

Diet for duodenal ulcer

With a diagnosed duodenal ulcer, you should know which foods increase the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach:

• carbonated and alcoholic drinks;
• spicy seasonings, spices and any, even quite spicy, sauces;
• fried foods (even vegetables and fish);
• coffee and strong tea;
• meat, fish and mushroom soups from the primary broth (rich);
• black bread and sweet dough.

The listed products should be removed from the diet not only during periods of exacerbation, but even with prolonged remission. Priority should be given to:

• milk and vegetable soups;
• boiled meat and fish of low-fat varieties;
• white bread of stale baking;
• cereal porridge.

The mucous membrane of both the stomach and the duodenum is irritated by vegetables with indigestible fiber - white cabbage, radish, radish, asparagus, beans, peas, corn. Meat cartilage, fruits with a hard skin and too dense pulp, baked goods made from wholemeal flour can cause great harm.

Patients with a diagnosed duodenal ulcer need to remember a few important dietary rules:

With an exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, doctors prescribe the most sparing diet - the diet includes only grated cereals, meat soufflés and steamed meatballs / cutlets, steamed fish. Vegetables and fruits are excluded during this period, and it is better to use rosehip broth as a drink.

Duodenal ulcer: drug treatment

Most often, patients with duodenal ulcers take drugs during periods of exacerbation. Medicines include:

The duration of treatment for exacerbation of duodenal ulcer is 2-5 weeks, most often this time the patients are in the hospital. If the patient complains of severe pain, then he may be prescribed antispasmodics (for example, no-shpa), and in case of prolonged constipation, laxatives or an enema.

Alternative treatment of duodenal ulcer

Traditional medicine has several recipes that greatly alleviate the patient's condition even during periods of exacerbation of duodenal ulcer. But it is important to understand that they are not a panacea and cannot guarantee the introduction of pathology into the stage of remission or complete recovery.

Important:Before using any means from the category of traditional medicine, you should consult with your doctor.

Traditional medicine used in the treatment of duodenal ulcers:

Possible Complications

Usually the prognosis for the development of duodenal ulcer is favorable - it can not only be entered into a long-term remission, but also brought to the stage of scarring. If medical care was not provided for the disease in question, then this leads to serious consequences:

• bleeding from the duodenum - characterized by vomiting "coffee grounds", very dark and tarry feces, loss of consciousness;
• perforation of an ulcer defect (rupture of the wall of the duodenum at the location of the ulcer) - characterized by acute dagger pains, nausea, vomiting and tense abdominal muscles;
• peritonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum as a result of perforation of an ulcer;
• development of duodenitis of a chronic nature (inflammatory process in the duodenum);
• cicatricial narrowing of the duodenum;
• malignancy - the growth of a malignant tumor in the intestine.

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum is considered a fairly common diagnosed disease. Pathology requires the utmost attention to oneself, because even a short-term violation of the diet, and even during periods of exacerbation, can lead to the rapid development of complications. But perforation of the ulcer, the growth of a malignant tumor and bleeding from the duodenum can lead to death.

Stomach disease is a very unpleasant and common ailment faced by a large number of people. Most often, the occurring violations are associated with dysfunction of the stomach, with gastroduodenitis and ulcers, as well as duodenal cancer.

As for the last organ, it is located at the beginning of the intestine and is responsible for the absorption of nutrients entering the human body. And if the disease is associated specifically with this organ, then the negative consequences relate to all health in general. Therefore, it is important to know all the causes and inflammation of a duodenal ulcer, the signs of such an ailment, as well as the methods of its treatment.

Where is the duodenum

The very first part of the small intestine, starting from the stomach, passing into the small intestine and flowing into the jejunum, is precisely the duodenum (duodenum).

If problems begin with this organ in the form of diseases such as an ulcer, or an inflammatory process, then the person begins to experience severe discomfort, noticeable pain and upset of the entire digestive tract.

The topography of the duodenum is quite complex. Its length is 30 centimeters, which is equal to 12 transverse dimensions of the fingers of the hand, which is why the intestine is called so. At the same time, it is located behind the peritoneum and is adjacent to those tissues that are also located in the retroperitoneal cavity.

Structure

This body consists of several parts:

1. Upper and descending department.

The uppermost part of the duodenum is up to six centimeters long. It is located along an oblique line, curving and forming a kind of arc, the mucous membrane of which forms longitudinal folds.

Then comes the descending section. It is located on the right side of the spine at the same level as the lower back. It is in this area that a large papilla is located, from where the ducts open.

After that, the intestine bends upward and forms an ascending part. Its length is up to five centimeters, and it is located to the left of the spine in the lumbar region.

Features of the structure of the duodenum is that it does not have a permanent shape. The situation varies and depends on many factors, including the age and weight of the person.

Front view Back view

Another feature of such an organ is its syntopy. At the same time in contact with the liver and pancreas, the ducts of the glands flow into the duodenum, as well as the ureter and the right kidney. Such anatomy provokes the risk of developing serious diseases in this area.

Functions

This organ plays one of the most important roles in the entire process of digestion. It is in the duodenal cavity that enzymes mix with digestive juices (pancreatic and gastric, bile). Due to this, the food entering the body is broken down into nutrients, which are then easily absorbed in the intestinal walls.

At the base of the villi of the duodenum, intestinal glands open, producing duodenal juice and the necessary hormones. Also, the functions of this body include the regulation of:

• activity of the liver and pancreas;
• reflex closing and opening of the pylorus;
• acidity of gastric juice.

Symptoms of a duodenal ulcer

Peptic ulcer (ICD code 10) is chronic, so it is constantly accompanied by stages of exacerbation and remission. During the period of the passive course of the disease, ulcers usually do not worry about anything and they do not feel any discomfort. But in the acute stage, the main symptoms of this disease begin to appear.

There is a mirror ulcer, characterized by the presence of neoplasms, both at the beginning of the intestine and at its end. Quite often there are several ulcers, and this complicates the course of the disease and takes longer to heal.

The main symptom of the disease is pain, which has its own specific characteristic. Usually painful spasm is localized on the right side. The pain begins in the right hypochondrium, gradually localized in the lumbar-vertebral region. It is also a distinctive feature that such an unpleasant sensation appears on an empty stomach and at night. But when a person eats food, the spasm decreases. This happens because the ulcer gradually destroys the mucosa and submucosa.

Additional symptoms of a peptic ulcer may include:

1. present heartburn;
2. appearing nausea;
3. belching after eating;
4. vomiting with a sour taste;
5. drastic weight loss.

Another characteristic symptom of an ulcer is indigestion. It is manifested by frequent diarrhea. In this case, a person may not tolerate fruits and dairy products. Also, if body weight decreases with increased appetite, then we are definitely talking about inflammation of the duodenum, which is extremely dangerous.

If the ulcers have completely affected this organ, then a yellow coating may appear on the tongue. This happens due to the fact that there is a spasm of the bile ducts and stagnation of bile is formed. As a result, at an early stage of the disease, a person is tormented by pain from the right side, and the skin surface becomes yellowish.

During an ulcer, the stomach is covered with scar tissue, which can cause the evacuation of food that gets inside. All this leads to vomiting, after which the patient's condition may improve for a while.

More often, the period of exacerbation occurs in the spring and autumn season, and lasts for eight weeks. But the remission stage can last from four weeks to several years. The danger of such a disease lies in the complications that the course of the disease can lead to.

How to check the duodenum

In order not to face serious complications and consequences for the whole organism, treatment of duodenal ulcers should be started as early as possible. And in order to detect this disease, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities. It is the diagnosis and subsequent therapy that help prevent the destruction of the mucous membrane.

All these methods make it possible to detect the presence of erosion, diverticulum or parafatheral ulcer, due to which an accurate diagnosis is made, since the symptoms of various diseases of the stomach are very similar to each other. They help to check whether the histology of the duodenum is normal, as well as its anatomy and physiology.

Therefore, as soon as signs of a duodenal ulcer were found in women or men, you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe a number of diagnostic measures, and then draw up a treatment regimen.

Diseases of the duodenum

Diseases associated with damage to the duodenum have similar symptoms at the initial stage, but the clinical picture is different. At the same time, they all provoke an inflammatory process that negatively affects the state of the whole organism.

One such disease is duodenal lymphangiectasia. With this pathology, the lymph nodes increase, which causes swelling of the duodenal tissues, which is called microlymphostasis.

Proteins entering the body are no longer absorbed and swelling only increases. The cause of such a disease can be pancreatitis, pericarditis, oncology, intestinal endometriosis, Crohn's disease.

More often lymphectasis is diagnosed in childhood and young age.

Inflammatory

Inflammatory processes include Dyskenesia and Duodenostasis. Such ailments lead to a violation of the motor function of the diseased organ. In the cavity of the duodenum, stagnation is formed. As a result, a mushy mass (chyme) is retained in the intestine, which is the remains of incompletely digested food and gastric juice. Pain begins to appear in the epigastric region.

Spasm often occurs after a meal, thereby provoking a feeling of nausea and vomiting. Heaviness is felt under the spoon, a person stops eating normally, he may experience constipation and weight begins to decrease.

Treatment in this case is most often based on the observance of a special diet. Meals become fractional up to six times a day. The menu should contain dishes containing a large amount of vitamin and fiber. In some cases, if necessary, parenteral nutrition and intestinal lavage are prescribed (once every four days).

In addition to therapy, sedative drugs and tranquilizers can be connected. Abdominal massage and therapeutic exercises can speed up the treatment process.

Another inflammatory disease is duodenal erosion. In this case, the inflammatory process proceeds on the surface of the mucosa, without penetrating into the muscle layers and forming erosive areas.

An ultrasound may show thickening of the wall of the duodenum itself. Quickly identified symptoms and treatment of duodenal erosion, started in a timely manner, gives results. But this ailment can be provoked by long-term medication, stress, unhealthy diet, helicobacter bacteria and smoking.

Ulcer

This disease occurs as a result of exposure to the duodenal mucosa of acid and pepsin. Great importance in the pathogenesis of this disease is attached to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. The disease proceeds with relapses and even after healing, the ulcer leaves a scar.

The main manifestation of this disease is pain of varying intensity, manifested in the upper abdomen. During physical exertion, an unpleasant spasm intensifies. The same thing happens when you feel hungry, when you eat spicy food and alcohol. Pain usually improves after a person takes antacids or antisecretory drugs.

An ulcer is dangerous for its manifestations. And if the disease is severe and with complications, a person may face disability.

Complications of duodenal ulcer

Quite often escalates and can lead to unpleasant consequences. Sometimes internal bleeding occurs, which can be detected by blood clots present in vomit and feces.

Also, the ulcer tends to spread to adjacent healthy organs. Sometimes the wall of the duodenum acquires a hole of a through character. And if penetration occurs, then the person is faced with regular vomiting and nausea, after which there is no relief.

Against the background of the underlying disease, a hernia may form. And these are not all the complications that can be encountered with a duodenal ulcer:

1. Perforation of the ulcer. It develops quite suddenly and is characterized by sharp pains in the pit of the stomach. Palpation of the abdomen is painful, and the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are very tense. In this case, the ulcer increases and becomes 1 cm in size, which is considered large. For suturing a perforated ulcer, preliminary mobilization of the intestine according to Kocher is necessary.

2. Pyloric stenosis. It is manifested by vomit of the food that a person ate the day before. At the same time, a burp with a rotten smell appears. And with a superficial examination, peristalsis is noticeable in the epigastric region.

3. Ulcer penetration. This is the transition of the disease to other organs. The pain at the same time increases and does not depend on food intake. The temperature may rise and the person is tormented by a feverish condition. Parapapillary ulcer breaks into a limited space. These are nearby organs and ligaments.

4. Malignancy. This is the degeneration of an ulcer into a malignant tumor. At first, there are no obvious symptoms. And the disease itself is revealed during a detailed examination. At the same time, the clinical picture changes, the frequency of exacerbations becomes more frequent, and the disease ceases to be associated with a certain seasonality.

5. Arteriomesenteric obstruction of the duodenum. It develops due to incorrect rotation of the intestine or due to a congenital deformity called atresia. This condition is exacerbated if cholelithiasis begins to develop additionally. This usually happens to older women.

Treatment of diseases of the duodenum

Treatment of all diseases of the duodenum should be comprehensive and complete. First, the doctor studies the history of the course of the disease, diagnoses and chooses therapy. A person will have to follow all the basic recommendations. They may relate to nutrition, gymnastics and basic lifestyle.

All this will help reduce the symptoms and the treatment of inflammation of the duodenum will go at an accelerated pace. Bed rest becomes mandatory, which has a beneficial effect on blood supply in the gastric and intestinal tract.

Therapeutic therapy is based on the following principles:

• taking pills that relieve the symptoms of the disease;
• taking a course of antibiotics;
• the use of painkillers;
• dieting;
• rejection of bad habits;
• use of traditional medicine recipes;
• physiotherapy.

Medical

Drug treatment is based on drugs belonging to the group of proton pump inhibitors. They contribute to the scarring of ulcerative formations, and thereby the scarred tissue alleviates the resulting painful spasms.

When the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is found in the body with an ulcer, then eradication drugs are connected to the therapy. Typically, the treatment regimen consists of the following medications:

1. Preparations Rabeprazole or Omez (PPI);
2. Clarithromycin;
3. Metronidazole or Amoxicillin.

The dosage is prescribed by the attending physician. If the completed course of drug therapy does not give the desired result, then De-Nol is connected to the treatment. At the end, fibrogastroscopy is performed, and if serious complications are found, then surgical intervention is performed.

So, if we are talking about arteriomesenteric compression, gastric resection is performed. Polyps in the duodenum are also removed. In some cases, a duodenal stump suture is used.

Treatment with folk remedies

Treatment with folk remedies can also give a positive result. The basis of such therapy is the use of natural ingredients that enhance the functions of the immune system, improve the digestion process, and also have antibacterial and healing properties. What helps to relieve pain in ulcerative lesions.

A good result is given by decoctions prepared on the basis of calendula and yarrow, golden mustache and burdock root. St. John's wort and olive oil tincture gives a quick positive effect. Also use viburnum, dandelion root, chamomile and honey, propolis.

Flax seeds are one of the most effective ways to cope at home. A special decoction is prepared from them, which is taken for two months daily, 50 ml before the main meal.

Flax decoction improves the condition of an ulcer and can be used as a prophylaxis, especially during exacerbations.

Causes of diseases of the duodenum

The factors that provoke diseases associated with the duodenum include:

Men are more prone to such diseases, as they do not follow their diet at all. In most cases, they eat on the run or simply replace the meal with a cup of coffee. They smoke a lot and drink more alcohol than women.

As for children, their stomach diseases are associated with hereditary predisposition, with increased acid formation, with poisoning with toxins and with a lack of food intake.

Bulbitis of the duodenum

Duodenal bulbitis is also a digestive disorder in which beneficial substances are no longer absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. And such a disease manifests itself immediately.

By its manifestation, it delivers tangible discomfort and prevents a person from leading a full and familiar lifestyle. But if the diagnosis is carried out in a timely manner and treatment is started, then this disease can be completely eliminated.

Bulbitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the duodenal bulb, which is one of the types of duodenitis. Very often, this pathology is accompanied by gastritis or postbulbar ulcers.

According to its localization, this disease can be focal and total. In adults, this disease occurs for the following reasons:

1. infections caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
2. weakening of the immune system;
3. lack of adrenal hormones;
4. prolonged stay in stress and psychosomatics;
5. failure of the mode of eating;
6. heredity and the presence of bad habits.

Bulbit is accompanied by tangible pain spasms and indigestion. In the early stages there is nausea without vomiting, constipation and heartburn. Then, when the disease progresses, there is vomiting with bile, which the liver secretes and belching with a bitter taste. In the last stages, a person is faced with a decrease in efficiency and a deterioration in the immune system, regular headaches and muscle weakness are connected to this.

Treatment is based on taking medications, on observing proper nutrition and on herbal medicine.

duodenal cancer

Cancer is considered a rare disease that is very difficult to diagnose at an early stage. This disease is a carcinoma, which is a malignant neoplasm (polyp or adenoma). It develops from intestinal epithelial cells, which spread to all neighboring organs. This diagnosis is mainly faced by older men and women (after 50 years).
The first symptoms of duodenal cancer do not manifest themselves. But over time, signs begin to appear that indicate diseases of the stomach:

• belching and heartburn;
• loss of appetite;
• weakness and weight loss;
• pallor of the skin;
• sleep disturbance and migraine.

The most obvious symptom indicating cancer is aching pain of a dull and constant nature, which is in no way associated with eating. And with the growth of the tumor, all the symptoms only get worse.

Duodenitis

The inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the duodenum is duodenitis. If inflammation occurs in the upper part of this organ, then the symptom
atika resembles a disease such as an ulcer. But if it affects the lower parts of the intestine, then the signs are similar to pancreatitis. And men with duodenitis are more likely than women. And on endoscopy with inflammation, semolina syndrome can be observed.

The main symptoms of this disease include:

1. poor appetite and indigestion;
2. feeling of heaviness after eating;
3. vomiting and nausea with a certain frequency;
4. painful cramps in the center and upper abdomen;
5. stool with blood impurities;
6. flatulence and diarrhea;
7. general weakness of the body.

When Duodenitis is combined with a duodenal ulcer, then the main and obvious symptom is severe pain, which manifests itself on an empty stomach. Details about Duodenitis in the video:

Nutrition during and after illness

Nutrition and treatment for duodenal ulcers are inextricably linked. Only then therapy gives tangible results and accelerates the healing process.

The main principles of nutrition during the treatment period include:

• fractional meals up to six times a day;
• food is steamed or boiled;
• frying products is excluded;
• chew food slowly and thoroughly;
• salt intake should be limited;
• spices, garlic and seasonings are completely removed from the diet;
• Meals should be warm, not cold or hot.

Exclude from the main menu products that irritate the mucous membrane of the duodenum. These are spicy and salty foods, carbonated drinks, fast food, acidic fruits that create an alkaline environment. Also prohibited products include:

1. smoked meats and fatty meats;
2. shop semi-finished products, including dumplings;
3. rich broths and lard;
4. yeast-based baking;
5. raw vegetables, especially tomatoes and cabbage;
6. coffee and strong tea;
7. mushrooms and seeds;
8. sweets and confectionery;
9. citrus fruits and pomegranate;
10. alcohol, including beer.

During the treatment of a duodenal ulcer, the diet should consist of such permitted foods as:

• milk, chicken and vegetable soups;
• cereals on water and milk;
• white bread and lean meat;
• mineral water;
• low fat cheese;
• skimmed milk and cottage cheese;
• eggs only in boiled form;
• vegetables and fruits that have undergone heat treatment and do not cause gas formation;
• honey and fiber.

Bananas can be eaten in remission, but when exacerbated, they are removed from the diet. You need to be careful with barley, millet and corn porridge. You can add cinnamon and vanillin to dishes. When the disease becomes moderate and all signs disappear, dried fruits such as prunes, dried apricots and dates are allowed. But during the period of acute course of the disease, they are prohibited.

With an ulcer of the duodenal bulb, a treatment table 1, 5 is prescribed. Subsequently, when the symptoms of the disease are eliminated, it is necessary to continue to adhere to the recommended diet. You can use dairy products, but fermented milk products, such as kefir, are better with minimal fat content. And it is better if it is one-day. Yogurt is allowed, but only fat-free.

Fruits and berries should be sweet and are best consumed in the form of jam or puree. It is better to stew vegetables and take those that do not irritate the mucous membrane. But sauerkraut should be abandoned. It is better to replace this vegetable with cauliflower, it is also useful to include pumpkin in the menu: read.

You should drink a lot of water, jelly and fruit drinks, compotes and decoctions of medicinal herbs that have anti-ulcer properties. Instead of coffee, it is recommended to drink chicory, but not in its pure form, but as part of other useful collections. You can use green and clarified tea.

Prevention

In order not to provoke an exacerbation of a duodenal ulcer again, which becomes healed in 21 days, you need to give up bad habits such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. Then there will be no questions about how many people live with this disease.

You also need to follow the basics of proper nutrition and avoid foods that provoke irritation of the mucous membrane. Persimmon is very useful during this period, as it reduces the likelihood of bleeding.

You need to visit the dentist regularly and try to reduce the negative impact of stress on your own body. Sports should be done without excessive load. Such prevention will reduce the risk of repeated relapses and relieve unpleasant symptoms.

Expert opinion Tsigalov M. M. Doctor - gastroenterologist, Barnaul. The most important and valuable thing is your health. In order to prevent such unpleasant and sometimes terrible diagnoses, you should lead a healthy lifestyle and follow simple rules, namely: eat evenly throughout the day: 3 main meals and 2 snacks, drink clean water, lead an active lifestyle and not bring themselves with nervous breakdowns. These simple rules will allow you to live without diseases. Well, if you have already felt unpleasant symptoms, then you need to conduct an examination without delay. Stay healthy.

The duodenum begins the human intestine- it is located immediately behind the stomach and has a relatively small size compared to other parts of this organ (see photo above). Also called DPK for short.

Why was it named like this: Medieval scientists - anatomists did not have modern means of measurement, and, having measured the length of this organ with their fingers, they received an indicator of 12 fingers in diameter - 25 - 30 cm.

Functions of the duodenum

The duodenum plays an important role in the entire digestive process. Since it is the initial link of the intestine, the processes of absorption of nutrients from the incoming food and liquid are actively taking place here. It brings the acid-base index of food to a level that will be optimally suited for the subsequent stages of digestion in the intestines. It is in this organ that the stage of intestinal digestion begins.

Another integral phase of the work of this part of the intestine is the regulation of pancreatic enzymes secreted by the pancreas, as well as bile, depending on the acidity of the food bolus and its chemical composition.

The duodenum affects the proper functioning of the secretory function of the stomach, since the reverse interaction occurs. It consists in the opening and closing of the pylorus and in humoral secretion.

Evacuation and motor functions.

12 The duodenum carries the functions of further moving the food gruel processed with enzymes into the next section of the small intestine. This is due to the massive muscular layer of the duodenal wall.

Features of the structure of the organ (shape, location, attachment)

The shape of most people is varied, and in the same person, both the shape and the location of the duodenum can change throughout life. It can be V - shaped, and resemble a horseshoe, a loop and other shapes. In old age, or after weight loss, it is lowered compared to where the duodenum is located in young and middle-aged people and when overweight. But most often it originates at the level of the seventh thoracic or first lumbar vertebra, located from left to right. Then there is a bend with a descent to the third lumbar vertebra, another bend with a rise parallel to the upper part and the intestine ends in the region of the second lumbar vertebra.

It is attached by connective fibers located on the walls to the organs of the abdominal cavity. The least such attachments are at the top of the duodenum, so it is mobile - it can move from side to side.

The structure of the wall of the duodenum:

• the serous outer layer performs mechanical protective functions.
• the muscular layer is responsible for the peristalsis of the organ in the process of digesting food.
• the submucosal layer carries the nerve and vascular nodes.
• the inner layer is a mucous membrane strewn with a large number of villi, folds and depressions.

Organs adjacent to the duodenum

This section of the intestine is in contact with other organs of the abdominal cavity from all sides:

• and the main duct;
• right kidney and ureter;
• ascending part of the colon.

This anatomical location of the body has a huge impact on the characteristics and course of diseases that occur in it.

The most common diseases of the duodenum.

• - the most common disease of the duodenum of an acute or chronic type, manifested in the form of inflammation of the mucous membrane.
• Ulcer- develops due to chronic duodenitis. Chronic damage to the duodenum, in which ulcers form in the mucous layer.
• Cancer tumor- a malignant neoplasm localized in different layers of the duodenal wall.

Duodenitis

More than 90% of patients develop chronic type duodenitis. It can develop due to many factors, including:

• consumption of low-quality products;
• alcohol abuse;
• smoking;
• ingress of foreign bodies and toxic substances;
• other chronic bowel diseases.

This disease manifests itself in the form of epigastric pain of moderate intensity, weakness, belching, heartburn, nausea, turning into vomiting. Symptoms are often accompanied by fever.

A variation of this inflammatory phenomenon is, in which the pathological process takes place only in the bulb of the duodenum 12. This form of duodenitis does not occur just like that - it is a consequence of other pathologies of the intestine or stomach. The cause of bulbitis can be:

• or DPK.

If the disease is at an acute stage, then the person feels pain and nausea and suffers from repeated vomiting. Acute bulbitis develops against the background of long-term use of a large group of drugs, or poisoning. In the chronic form, there is also a pain syndrome of a aching nature, sometimes it can be accompanied by nausea.

Patients also have chronic duodenal obstruction, which occurs against the background of tumor processes, developmental anomalies and other disorders in the duodenum. It is expressed in violation of the motor and evacuation function in this section of the intestine and is characterized by the following symptoms:

• loss of appetite;
• feeling of heaviness and discomfort in the epigastric region;
• constipation;
• murmur and gurgling.

The manifestation of this disease is influenced by the causes that caused duodenal obstruction, the stage of the course and how long ago the disease occurred.

peptic ulcer

The main cause of this dangerous disease is the reflux of acid from the gastric contents and its detrimental effect on the mucosa of this section of the intestine. But this pathological process develops only when the surface layers of the intestine do not cope with their protective functions. The ulcer is localized in the initial section of the duodenum and in the bulb, that is, in that area of ​​the intestine that is at a minimum distance from the stomach.

Many gastroenterologists unanimously talk about the negative impact of the frequent use of anti-inflammatory drugs, which lower the protective barrier of the mucous layer of the duodenum. These drugs are aspirin and dosage forms based on it, ibuprofen, diclofenac, etc.. Therefore, if possible, you should limit the use of drugs in this group as much as possible.

Poorly treated or advanced duodenitis, alcohol abuse and the use of products harmful to the body can also become duodenal ulcers.

It also tends to affect not only the stomach, but also the mucous membrane of the 12th duodenum. It is a fairly common cause of ulcerative pathology, opening the way for acid into the mucous layers of the intestine. In 19 out of 20 cases of development of an ulcer of this organ, the bacterium Helicobacter is to blame.

Symptoms:

Since this ailment is very common in gastroenterological practice, you should know what kind of symptomatic picture it manifests itself. This is a pain syndrome of a paroxysmal nature in the upper abdomen slightly below the sternum. during a feeling of hunger or, conversely, immediately after a meal. Symptoms worsen after eating:

• nausea;
• urge to go to the toilet.

The main dangerous complications of this disease of the duodenum are bleeding or perforation, which require emergency prompt assistance. Bleeding is fraught with dangerous loss of blood and filling the abdominal cavity with it. Perforation is when food with all enzymes and acids enters the abdominal cavity through an ulcer formed in the intestine.

If medical care is not provided on time, then such complications can lead to the death of the patient. There are cases in medical practice when a peptic ulcer turns into a cancerous condition.

An ulcer, like other lesions of the duodenum, is diagnosed by an endoscopy procedure. With the help of this procedure, a gastroenterologist can visually assess the condition of all organs of the digestive system. A blood test may also be needed, especially if it is a duodenal ulcer caused by the bacterium Helicobacter. Complex diagnostics may also include a biopsy of the affected area of ​​the intestine - it is carried out right during the endoscopic examination (the procedure for taking a small amount of affected tissue for laboratory research).

Cancer of the 12th duodenum

, bladder;

consumption of large amounts of food of animal origin.

According to scientists, the components of coffee in combination with nicotine can also affect the development of duodenal cancer. Therefore, doctors do not recommend getting carried away with coffee: you should limit yourself by making a maximum of 2 to 3 cups per day. The constant ingestion of carcinogens and chemicals that have a detrimental effect on the entire gastrointestinal tract can also cause duodenal cancer. The unfavorable ecological situation in the region of residence undoubtedly affects the development of many groups of diseases, including cancer. Both men and women over 50 are at risk.

This disease is considered insidious, because it is difficult to diagnose at the initial stages of development. The first signs of the disease can be easily confused with the usual disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Later, pains are added to these sensations during the development of oncology, especially when a person feels hunger, heaviness. The patient feels weak, his appetite disappears and a depressive syndrome is observed. This symptomatology is associated with the process of intoxication.

A person with duodenal cancer is much more likely to have a normal outcome if the tumor is detected in the primary stages of development. To make an accurate diagnosis, EGDS and a biopsy of the affected area of ​​the intestine are performed, and a complex of laboratory studies (OAK, etc.) is also connected to them. After that, an operation should be urgently performed to remove the tumor and the lymph nodes closest to it.

From the foregoing, a simple and logical conclusion can be drawn. The duodenum is, and like all organs, a very important part of our body. It performs complex and important functions in the digestive system, so each person should be attentive to their food addictions - if possible, exclude harmful foods from their diet and give up bad habits. After all, it is much easier to prevent diseases than to go to the doctors and lie in the hospital, hoping to overcome them.

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Interesting

According to its purpose, it performs many functions. It is the initial section of the small intestine, but is anatomically connected with the stomach, liver and pancreas through the ducts entering the sphincter of Oddi. Therefore, diseases of the duodenum have their "roots" in the disruption of the functioning of different parts of the digestive tract.

What reasons necessitate the allocation of duodenal pathology?

Statistics note the "rejuvenation" of patients with diseases of the duodenal zone, an increase in the prevalence among schoolchildren. The relevance of studying the structure and pathophysiology of the organ is associated with the need to determine the method of intestinal damage and the choice of optimal treatment methods.

Favorable results of therapy at the level of the duodenum help to prevent dysfunction and problems of the organs concerned. There is no separate classification of the pathology of this particular intestine. In the ICD, diseases of the duodenum are included in the same class as diseases of the esophagus and stomach.

Clinicians divide them according to the etiological principle:

• on dyskinesia (functional disorders);
• inflammation (duodenitis);
• peptic ulcer;
• malignant tumors;
• structural anomalies.

Developmental anomalies include: congenital stenosis, diverticulum (protrusion) of the wall. Occur rarely, accompany other malformations of the digestive system.

Brief anatomy and function

The history of medicine says that the name of the duodenum comes from its length, which is equal to the width of 12 fingers. Immediately, we note that the fingers must have been very thick, since it has a length of 30 cm. It is delimited from the stomach by the pyloric sphincter. According to the location, taking into account the bends, 4 departments are distinguished.

The sphincter of Oddi forms the internal papilla in the descending zone. The ducts of the gallbladder and pancreas come together here. The inner mucosa is covered with villi, between the epithelial cells are goblet cells that produce mucus. The muscle layer provides motility and tone.

The main tasks of the body:

• neutralization of gastric juice by the incoming contents of the pancreas and chemical treatment of the food bolus;
• further grinding of food particles, creating conditions for a more complete access of intestinal bacteria in the underlying sections of the intestine;
• regulation with the help of feedback from the centers of the brain of the amount of necessary production and intake of pancreatic enzymes;
• coordination with the stomach of the "order" for the synthesis of juice.

Violation of these functions leads to the manifestation of clinical symptoms in diseases of the duodenum.

Helicobacter is able to pass into the intestine from the pyloric part of the stomach with antral gastritis, peptic ulcer

Reasons for the defeat

The causes of diseases of the duodenum practically do not differ from the common damaging factors of the digestive system:

A person with 2 or more causes is more likely to have a duodenal ulcer. We will consider the main signs of pathology using examples of individual diseases.

Major diseases

Dyskinesia

Disruptions in nervous activity, stress overload lead to the disease. Damage to the innervation is possible during operations on the stomach. In another way it is called - "duodenostasis".

The essence of the violations: the contents are retained in the intestine, do not enter other departments. The patient develops: dull arching pains in the epigastrium, in the hypochondrium on the right, nausea and loss of appetite, prolonged constipation.

Duodenitis

Inflammation of the duodenum (duodenitis) occurs in acute or chronic form. Acute - occurs in three days if a person takes some strong medications, herbal tinctures, accompanies. Chronic - almost never isolated. Accompanies cholecystitis, pancreatitis.

Manifested: pain in the abdomen without precise localization of the aching nature, without irradiation. Patients feel worse on an empty stomach, early in the morning. After eating, after 40 minutes, improvement occurs. Constipation is characteristic. A long process is accompanied by blockage and spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, cramping pains, and vomiting. With duodenitis, pain in the epigastrium, around the navel, is possible.

Bulbit

The disease is a type of duodenitis. Inflammation is localized in the uppermost part of the duodenum - the bulb, so more often "continues" gastritis. According to the form, they are distinguished: catarrhal and erosive, along the course - acute and chronic. In the catarrhal variant - aching pains, rarely cramping. Appear on an empty stomach or at night. Accompanied by heartburn, sour belching, bad breath, bitterness, nausea.

Erosive - characterized by prolonged exhausting dull pain in the epigastrium, which appeared a few hours after eating. There is vomiting with bile, belching bitterness.

Patients complain of general weakness, insomnia, salivation, headaches.

Morphological studies show the presence of cracks and macerations against the background of hyperemic inflamed mucosa. It is important that they are only in the surface layer, do not penetrate the muscle wall. For a chronic course, periods of exacerbations are typical in spring and autumn, the rest of the time there is a lull (remission).

Ulcer

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum is observed as a complication and the next stage of duodenitis, erosive bulbitis. The prevalence is higher in women than in men.

In a morphological study, it differs from erosion by deeper penetration, damage to the muscle layer, blood vessels

In severe cases, it can cause bleeding, perforation of the wall (perforation), penetration into an adjacent organ. It is localized most often in the bulb. Perhaps the formation of two ulcers lying on opposite walls ("kissing" in the terminology of radiologists).

• on itching of the skin, the appearance of acne;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• dryness and pigmentation of the skin;
• bloating and rumbling of the abdomen;
• pain in the joints and muscles;
• propensity to allergic reactions;
• weight loss;
• restless sleep with frequent awakenings;
• an increase in colds due to a decrease in immunity.

Helminths feed on the contents of the intestine, some penetrate through the wall into the blood

Neoplasms

Malignant and benign neoplasms in the duodenum are a rare find. Of the benign ones, the growth of adenomas, fibroadenomas, papillomas, lipomas, hemangiomas, neurofibromas matters. There are tumors of the duodenal papilla. In appearance, they may resemble pedunculated polyps. Identify single or multiple.

They are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally. If they reach large sizes, they cause symptoms of mechanical obstruction of the intestine, obstructive jaundice (compression of the biliary tract).

Duodenal cancer accounts for only 0.25-0.3% of all localizations of malignant tumors of the digestive system. Most cases occur in the descending area above and around the duodenal papilla, least of all in the bulb.

More often, older men get sick. The possibility of transformation from an ulcer and a benign tumor has been proven. A cancerous neoplasm belongs to a late metastasizing species. Sprouts nearby lymph nodes, pancreas, liver. Other metastases are rare.

Clinical signs:

• excruciating pain;
• loss of appetite and exhaustion;
• signs of mechanical obstruction (severe vomiting, dehydration);
• the breakdown causes heavy bleeding;
• yellowness of the skin and sclera.

Intestinal obstruction

Symptoms of diseases of the duodenum can be manifested by obstruction in this area of ​​the small intestine. She is called:

• congenital developmental anomalies;
• atypical turn;
• inverted form;
• increased mobility;
• blockage by a tumor of the duodenum or squeezing by a neoplasm of the pancreas;
• stone migration.

Hernia

A hernia is a characteristic protrusion of the intestinal wall. It is more often found in people after 50 years of age who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Formed as a result of loss of tone of the muscle layer. The disease can be suspected if the patient has gastroesophageal reflux reflux. Patients complain of heartburn, especially at night, belching, flatulence.

The main types of diagnostics

In the diagnosis of diseases of the duodenum, the following are used: a blood test - allows you to judge the intensity of inflammation, identify anemia, the reaction of feces to occult blood, the study of feces for eggs of worms, methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori.

In the presence of yellowness of the skin, blood must be examined for viral hepatitis, liver tests, and enzymes. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is also necessary - the main method of visual examination of the mucosa, identifying forms of inflammation, erosion, ulcers, tumors.

A morphological study of a tissue site taken during a biopsy is carried out, it helps to distinguish between the growth of a malignant and benign neoplasm, as well as ultrasound.

The X-ray method continues to be used in the clinic. An examination with a series of images is carried out after the patient has ingested barium salt. On the recommendation of specialists, relaxation duodenography with a probe is used to improve the view of the upper intestine.

Directions for the treatment of diseases of the duodenum

It is necessary to treat diseases of the upper sections of the small intestine in combination with other digestive organs. Strict adherence to the patient's diet is considered mandatory.

In the acute phase of bulbitis, ulcers are prescribed fasting for 1-2 days. The maximum sparing of the organ is further ensured by the exclusion from the diet of fried, salty, smoked, spicy and fatty foods; alcohol and carbonated drinks; strong coffee and tea.

The daily diet necessarily includes: boiled meat and fish, soups without spices, liquid cereals, low-fat cottage cheese, jelly. It is necessary to eat 6 times a day, in small portions. After 2 weeks, gradually expand the diet, but the general restrictions for chronic diseases last the rest of your life.

With an exacerbation for several days, wiped dishes are recommended, well crushed

Bed rest is necessary for patients with duodenitis, peptic ulcer, tumors. If the patient's condition is satisfactory, then you should only get rid of physical activity, learn to cope with stressful situations.

Some diseases of the duodenum do not need treatment. These include: hernia, diverticula, anomalies of the structure, benign formations in the absence of clinical manifestations. Doctors conduct an annual fibrogastroduodenoscopy to monitor the dynamics of the pathology.

Medication treatment

Medicines are prescribed according to the etiological principle, taking into account the identified functional disorders. Infection with worms will require a course of therapy with anthelmintic drugs with control studies of feces. Dyskinesia is treated with a regimen, diet, sedatives, physiotherapy.

Confirmation of the presence of Helicobacter pylori is an indication for an eradication course with Amoxicillin, De-nol, Sumamed. For the purpose of anesthesia, the introduction of antispasmodics is indicated. To protect the intestines, drugs should be given by injection. With high acidity, antacids are prescribed: Maalox, Almagel, Gastal.

Omeprazole, Ranitidine, Metoclopramide are used to restore the tone of the pyloric sphincter and motility, relieve nausea. Symptomatic drugs (vitamins, choleretic drugs) will be needed for patients with a long chronic course of the disease.

Methyluracil has an anti-inflammatory effect, promotes the healing of erosions, ulcers

Chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms is carried out with cytostatic drugs, which stop the reproduction and growth of cancer cells. The combination with radiation therapy helps to delay the development of the tumor.

Application of surgical methods

Surgical treatments are certainly used for diseases such as tumors, hernias, cicatricial stenosis, changes in the structure of the duodenum, obstruction, long-term non-healing ulcers, acute bleeding. Ineffective conservative therapy makes it necessary to consult a surgeon.

Benign neoplasms, hernial protrusions are operated on only if they grow to a significant size and disrupt the passage of food. The most common types of operations are:

• vagotomy - excision of the adductor branch of the vagus nerve, often performed laparoscopically;
• removal of part of the stomach along with the duodenum (resection) and the formation of a gastroenteroanastomosis with the jejunum;
• removal of the hernial sac and suturing the wall.

When choosing a method, surgeons are guided by: the state of organ damage (erosion, deep bleeding ulcers), the age and concomitant diseases of the patient, the prognostic risk of postoperative complications.

Resection of the stomach and the affected duodenum practically cures up to 80% of patients

In cases of a breakthrough ulcer or acute bleeding, surgery is performed according to emergency indications in order to save the patient's life. Interventions are not equal in results. After vagotomy, relapses of the disease occur in 1/3 of patients.

With a malignant neoplasm of the duodenum, an operative tactic is chosen depending on the location of the tumor. In addition to bowel resection, removal of the pancreatic head and duct may be required.

Folk remedies

Herbal medicine for diseases of the stomach and duodenum should support the direction of the main drug treatment. Healers recommend:

• decoction of oats, flaxseed;
• drink chamomile tea from flowers daily in a warm form;
• insist collection of marshmallow root and licorice;
• alcohol or water tincture of propolis;
• decoction of oak bark.

Sanatorium-and-spa treatment consolidates the results of therapy, restores the functions of the duodenum. Health resorts of Essentuki and Kislovodsk are suitable for this purpose. Natural mineral water, mud in the form of applications contain a natural complex of healing substances.

Diseases of the upper intestine rarely occur in isolation, often accompanied by other lesions of the digestive system. Early detection can prevent serious consequences.

The gastroenterologist is engaged in the treatment of duodenitis, and in his absence, the therapist. Along with medical methods, physiotherapeutic procedures and folk remedies are used to eliminate inflammation and restore the functions of the duodenum.

Classification

Based on where the inflammatory process is detected, duodenitis can be:

• common - throughout the duodenal mucosa;
• localized - inflammation is noted in separate areas.

The latter type of disease may have a specific name:

• Bulbitis - inflammation of the duodenal bulb, that is, its uppermost wide area.
• Sphincteritis - the inflammatory process is localized near the sphincter of Oddi, that is, a smooth muscle that controls the volume of digestive juice coming from and.
• Papillitis - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bVater's papilla is inflamed, that is, the area on the mucous membrane on which the ducts of the pancreas and gallbladder are located.
• Distal duodenitis is an inflammation of the area where the duodenum passes into the small intestine.

Another classification of the disease is based on the nature of its course, duodenitis can be:

1. Acute - a strong short-term inflammation of the mucous membrane, which develops due to poisoning or a viral infection (viral hepatitis A, dysentery, salmonellosis, cholera).
2. Chronic - a long-lasting inflammation of the mucous membrane, in which periods of remission alternate with exacerbations. According to the depth of damage to the walls of the duodenum, this type of duodenitis can be superficial (the mucous membrane is inflamed), atrophic (the mucous membrane is thinned, the glands are damaged), erosive (the walls of the intestine are damaged, there are erosions), phlegmonous (with areas of suppuration).

Causes of pathology

Inflammation of the duodenum can develop due to many reasons, including:

Determining the cause of duodenitis is necessary to prescribe adequate treatment. Sometimes the disease is caused by several factors at once, for example, malnutrition in combination with the reproduction of Helicobacter pylori.

Symptoms

Symptoms of inflammation of the duodenum are determined by the characteristics and depth of damage to the walls. The main manifestation of the disease is abdominal pain. With superficial duodenitis, when only the mucous membrane is inflamed, discomfort appears in the area above the navel.

Atrophic lesion, accompanied by damage to the glandular digestive ducts and thinning of the epithelial layer, may be accompanied by minor pain or proceed without them. In the first place are the symptoms of general malaise: fatigue, weakness, dizziness.

With erosive duodenitis, pain is sharp and pronounced, occurs in the upper abdomen, intensifies when the stomach is empty.

In addition to pain, all forms of the disease are characterized by the following symptoms:

• decreased or complete lack of appetite;
• nausea, which in most patients occurs after eating;
• single vomiting (rarely, in severe cases - multiple);
• the acute course of duodenitis is accompanied by an increase in body temperature up to 39 ° C;
• bitter eructation;
• prolonged bouts of hiccups (up to half an hour or longer);
• and bloating;
• increased heart rate;
• with erosion - bleeding.

Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum is most often exacerbated in spring and autumn. Symptoms are more pronounced, the more damaged the walls of the organ.

Who is affected?

Studies confirm that young men are more likely than other groups to have increased. A reduced content of hydrochloric acid is found in women and patients with giardiasis.

According to statistics, both men and women are equally susceptible to acute duodenitis. This form occurs due to poisoning and viral infections - diseases that affect patients of both sexes.

Chronic duodenitis most often develops in men aged 30 to 50 years. This may be due both to the increased acidity of the stomach, which is a favorable condition for the development of certain pathogenic bacteria, and to lifestyle features.

It has been proven that inflammation of the duodenal mucosa is caused by smoking (exposure to tobacco smoke), eating on the run, frequent consumption of fatty and spicy foods, and alcohol.

Diagnostics

Before starting treatment for inflammation of the duodenum, the doctor conducts a diagnosis, finds out the cause of the disease. After talking with the patient and clarifying complaints, he performs palpation of the abdomen: pain is found in its upper part.

To confirm the suspicion of duodenitis, the patient is sent for additional examinations:

• (phagogastroduodenoscopy) - studies of the digestive organs with a probe;
• digestive organs;
• determination of the level of acidity of gastric juice, biochemical study;
• stomach and duodenum;
• coprogram - laboratory study of feces;
• biochemical blood test.

If a doctor suspects oncological neoplasms, during FGDS, areas of the affected tissue are taken for laboratory research (biopsy). For differential diagnosis, CT and MRI of the digestive organs can be additionally prescribed.

Methods for the treatment of inflammation of the duodenum

Acute inflammation of the duodenum requires emergency treatment. First of all, the digestive tract is washed with special solutions - food debris and toxins are removed. Next, drug therapy is prescribed. Folk remedies are used in addition to traditional ones, they help eliminate pain and reduce inflammation, but do not affect the cause of the disease.

Traditional Methods

Traditional treatment of inflammation of the gastric mucosa and duodenum involves taking medication and dieting.

The following groups of drugs are prescribed:

When the exacerbation of the disease is eliminated, a course of physiotherapy procedures can be carried out. Paraffin applications, UHF, diathermy, electrophoresis with novocaine are prescribed.

Phlegmonous duodenitis is treated surgically. With the help of tampons and drains, pus is removed, antibiotics are introduced into the retroperitoneal tissue.

Folk methods

Treatment of inflammation of the duodenum with alternative methods helps to reduce inflammation and pain, and restore digestion faster.

The following are effective:

• Add 1 tsp to a glass of boiling water. , wait 20 minutes. Take in the morning on an empty stomach in small sips. The course of therapy is 1 month.
• Ceiling half a kilogram of sea buckthorn, add half a liter of vegetable oil. Insist for a week in a closed container, grind through a sieve. Take 1 tbsp. l. every day for a month.
• Prepare an infusion of St. John's wort. Drink in small sips on an empty stomach, 1 glass a day. The duration of treatment is 1 month.
• Squeeze juice from plantain stems and leaves. Mix it with 2 tbsp. l. from 1 st. l. honey. Take 1 tsp. funds on an empty stomach daily for a month.

Complications of duodenitis

Inflammation of the duodenum can lead to a number of complications. The most common bleeding from injury sites, ulcers, periduodenitis.

In rare cases, the disease leads to stenosis of the pylorus of the stomach, the development of malignant tumors, and a decrease in the acidity of gastric juice. Due to the death of tissues and glandular ducts, duodenal hormonal insufficiency (lack of hormones) may develop. Phlegmous duodenitis can lead to peritonitis and sepsis.

Prevention

To prevent the development of duodenitis, it is necessary to eliminate the factors that cause it. First of all, you need to balance your diet, eliminating fatty, spicy and smoked foods. You will also need to stop smoking, drinking alcohol, using drugs without medical supervision.

An important role in the prevention of duodenitis is played by the timely detection and elimination of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In the absence of complaints, one visit to a gastroenterologist and one endoscopic examination per year is sufficient.

Diet

A diet for inflammation of the stomach and duodenum during an exacerbation involves the rejection of any products that irritate the mucous membrane. Spicy, fatty and fried foods, spices, strong broths, vegetables, fruits, bread and fresh pastries are prohibited. The diet consists of slimy soups made from semolina, oatmeal or rice, steam soufflés, liquid cereals, omelettes, jelly, honey.

After 10-14 days, when the aggravation is removed, the list of allowed products becomes wider. You can eat cutlets, dumplings and meatballs from fish or meat, steamed, mashed soups. Gradually, you can introduce cooked vegetables and fruits, cottage cheese, eggs into the diet.

Even during the period of remission, you should not eat spicy, fried and fatty foods, canned food, foods with food additives, carbonated drinks.

Inflammation of the duodenum is called duodenitis. This disease is manifested by pain and indigestion. Treatment is based on medication, the use of physiotherapy and folk methods. In rare cases, with a purulent complication, surgery is required.

Useful video about inflammation of the duodenum