Inflammation of the small intestine, symptoms, treatment with folk remedies. Inflammatory bowel diseases

The intestine consists of: large and small sections and duodenum

The intestine is a composite name for several sections of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of the large, small intestine and duodenum. Each section has its own subspecies. The task of the intestines is to break down incoming food and other substances to the smallest elements.

This happens due to Intestinal diseases negatively affect the condition of the entire human body and do not depend on age or gender. Intestinal inflammation is also a collective concept. The location of the pathological process directly affects the diagnosis, symptoms and treatment of the patient.

Causes of the inflammatory process in the intestines

The gastrointestinal tract system is very vulnerable. All reasons contributing to pathological processes in the intestines can be divided into the following groups:

The essence of the inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract is a violation of the mucous membrane and, as a result, a violation of the absorption of nutrients in this area.

But the video will tell you which foods are dangerous for the intestines:

Classification of inflammatory processes in the intestines

All gastrointestinal diseases are directly related to the location and duration of the process. Classification based on location:

– the inflammatory process occurs in the duodenum – the beginning of the small intestine
– the small intestine is captured in a limited area or for the entire duration
– the large intestine along its entire length is involved in the inflammatory process

According to the duration of the process there are:

Acute inflammation – lasts no more than 4 weeks
Chronic – 4 weeks or more

Due to illness:

Infectious processes - the causative agent is infection, bacteria, viruses, fungi
Non-infectious - any other reasons - autoimmune, genetic, intoxication, violation of diet and quality of nutrition

All inflammatory bowel diseases differ in symptoms, diagnostic methods, tactics and strategy of the treatment process. Let's look at each group in more detail.

Duodenitis - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Pain as a symptom of intestinal inflammation

The duodenum is a small section of the intestine, 12 to 15 cm long. Ducts from the gallbladder and pancreas drain into it. Actually, “duoden” in Latin means “duodenum,” and the suffix “itis” indicates an inflammatory process. Causes causing this disease:

Infections – first place goes to
Stressful situations - spasm of intestinal vessels occurs, blood circulation in the organ decreases. There is a decrease in immunity and an inflammatory process occurs
Unbalanced diet, violation of eating patterns - prolonged fasting is replaced by an overabundance of food
Bad habits – alcohol, smoking
Eating before bed – you need to forget about nightly raids on the refrigerator
Hereditary factor
Drug damage

Symptoms of duodenitis:

Dyspeptic symptoms - vomiting, or
General intoxication of the body - weakness, low temperature, loss of appetite, weight loss

The diagnosis is established using endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Therapeutic tactics for inflammation of the duodenum:

Antibiotics – if infection is detected
Diet No. 1 according to Pevzner - balanced nutrition
Antispasmodics to reduce pain

Treatment of the inflammatory process in the duodenum is long-term. Recommendations regarding diet and quality of nutrition will have to be followed for the rest of your life.

Enteritis - causes, symptoms, treatment

There can be many causes of intestinal inflammation

Enteritis is a pathological process in the small intestine. In this case, the absorption of nutrients, the processes of secretion of intestinal juice, and the protective functions of the intestinal wall are disrupted. The causes of this disease:

viruses
Toxic damage - poisons, drugs, mushrooms, alcohol, heavy metals, household and other chemicals
Improper and unbalanced nutrition
Helminthic infestation – roundworms
Hereditary and autoimmune diseases
Surgery on the small intestine
Adhesive process, peritoneal injuries
Sedentary lifestyle

The main symptoms of acute enteritis:

Frequent bowel movements - up to 10 times or more per day
Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting
General intoxication of the body
Temperature rise to critical values
Dehydration, cramps, dry skin
In case of prolonged and severe course - up to a state of shock

Symptoms of chronic enteritis differ from the acute process:

occurring after eating
Pain syndrome is mild
Changes in the appearance and composition of stool - wateriness, impurities, undigested food particles
Hypovitaminosis
Anemia
Initial stages of osteoporosis
Loss of body weight, in severe cases dystrophy

To make a diagnosis, the patient is prescribed the following tests and procedures:

Stool, blood, urine tests - bacterial cultures, coprogram, feces for occult blood, general blood tests
Biochemical blood tests
and x-ray studies
Ultrasound of the peritoneal organs

Therapeutic tactics for enteritis:

Diet
To combat dehydration - drink plenty of fluids; in severe cases, rehydration with special medications is indicated
Removing intoxication
Enzyme preparations
Drugs
Fixing agents
Vitamin and mineral complexes
In severe cases and according to indications - prescription

For chronic enteritis, treatment tactics are somewhat different:

Diet No. 4 – for life – ban on spicy, irritating, fried and heavy foods
Enzymatic preparations and drugs to improve intestinal motility
Astringents based on medicinal herbs - decoctions of oak bark, St. John's wort
Probiotics, minerals

The prognosis for acute enteritis with proper treatment is favorable. In chronic processes, the duration of remission depends on patients' compliance with doctors' recommendations.

Colitis - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment tactics

Inflammation of the large intestine is called colitis

Colitis is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine. The reasons causing this pathology:

Infections – salmonella, proteus, staphylococcus
Complications of the following diseases - typhus, malaria, mumps, influenza
Own opportunistic flora
Protozoan fauna – Giardia, amoeba
Poor quality food
Poisons – arsenic, heavy metals, poisonous mushrooms
haemorrhoids
Metabolic disorders - obesity, gout, hypothyroidism
Long-term constipation
Bile duct dyskinesia
Inflammatory diseases of neighboring organs - prostate, bladder

All colitis is divided into acute and chronic. Each type of pathology has its own characteristic symptoms and treatment principles. Acute colitis as an independent disease is very rare. Most often, the inflammatory process occurs in parallel with enteritis or gastroenteritis. Signs of an acute process:

Diarrhea up to 20 times a day
Body temperature rises to 39o C
Pain in the colon area - worse before bowel movements
Decreased appetite
Thirst
Feces may be inhomogeneous with blood and have a foul odor

Signs of chronic colitis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) rank second among gastrointestinal diseases. They affect people of different ages and genders. With IBD, inflammatory processes occur on the mucous membrane of different parts of the intestine. How does intestinal inflammation develop, symptoms and treatment of this disease with effective means? Read on to learn about the main causes of this disease and methods of diagnosing it.

Causes of intestinal inflammation

The intestine consists of 3 sections: the duodenum, large and small intestine. This organ is involved in digestion and the functioning of the immune system. When exposed to various negative factors, the death of mucosal cells in the weakened area of the intestine begins, which leads to increased blood circulation in this area and the occurrence of pain. Due to inflammation, the cells of this organ cannot secrete enzymes or absorb nutrients. Because of this, intestinal dysfunction occurs. IBD occurs due to the following reasons:

Infection (bacteria, viruses, protozoa). Often the causes of IBD are: Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, rotavirus, amoebic dysentery.
Helminthiasis (infection with worms).
Overeating and unhealthy diet, rich in fatty, fried, smoked, spicy foods.
Heredity. Lack of enzymes in the intestines is sometimes transmitted at the genetic level, as is the predisposition to IBD.
Dysbacteriosis, disruption of normal microflora in the intestines. This leads to the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of diseases of the mucous membrane of this organ.
Poor blood circulation in the intestinal walls, atherosclerotic changes.
Autoimmune processes in which the immune system produces antibodies against intestinal cells, which causes inflammation in this organ.

Symptoms

Basic knowledge on the topic of intestinal inflammation, symptoms and treatment of this disease will help you notice its development in time and seek help. This disease is divided into types according to the location of the outbreak: duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum), enteritis (disease of the small intestine), colitis (disease of the large intestine), mesadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes), proctitis (inflammatory process on the mucous membrane).

Depending on the duration of the course, IBD can be acute or chronic. If the cause of this disease is bacteria, viruses or protozoa, then it is infectious in nature and is called acute intestinal infection. When inflammation occurs due to other causes, the disease is classified as non-infectious. The main signs of intestinal inflammation in women and men are similar. IBD causes the following symptoms:

Pressing pain in the abdominal area, the location of which is difficult to determine. The cause of pain is spasm of the intestinal muscles.
Nausea after eating.
Vomiting after eating.
Flatulence, indicating a lack of enzymes in the body.
Problems with stool in the form of diarrhea occur with an acute intestinal infection, and with problems in the large intestine there may be constipation.
Weight loss is often associated with inflammation of the small intestine and is the result of a deterioration in the absorption of nutrients.
Anemia. It develops when there is a low level of hemoglobin in the blood, which occurs when iron is poorly absorbed from the diseased intestine.
Fever.

Which doctor should I contact?

If you have problems with the intestines, you need to consult a gastroenterologist. If a patient constantly feels discomfort and pain in the abdomen, then he should not look for a solution to this problem on his own, but would be better off visiting a doctor. At the appointment, the doctor will examine the patient and tell him the main points about intestinal inflammation, symptoms and treatment of this disease. Then he will refer the patient for additional examination, which will help establish the most accurate diagnosis. After this, the doctor will prescribe treatment with medications, herbal preparations and give dietary recommendations.

Diagnosis of the disease in adults and children

To correctly diagnose the disease, a gastroenterologist often refers patients for additional examination. Using blood, stool and endoscopic methods, it is easy to identify and determine the source of inflammation. An additional examination will help the specialist establish a diagnosis and select the correct treatment regimen. In children, IBD manifests itself in the form of UC (nonspecific ulcerative colitis) and Crohn's disease. UC in infants is accompanied by diarrhea and traces of blood in the stool.

An older child diagnosed with ulcerative colitis often complains of cramps, abdominal pain and loose stools. Diagnosis of UC is carried out using rectal examination and palpation. Inflammation of the intestines in a child in the form of Crohn's disease, in which ulcers appear on the mucous membrane of the diseased organ, is manifested by frequent bowel movements and pain. Diagnosis in this case is carried out using colonoscopy, endoscopy, irrigoscopy, and palpation. Let's take a closer look at the laboratory and other methods used to identify IBD.

Clinical blood test

A blood test is a mandatory laboratory examination, which is prescribed by a doctor to a patient if an inflammatory process in the intestines is suspected. Based on the values of ESR and the content of leukocytes in the bloodstream identified during this study, the gastroenterologist will determine the degree of the disease. Their elevated levels will indicate to the doctor the inflammatory process occurring in the body.

Coprogram

To establish the correct diagnosis of IBD, the patient is referred for a stool test. This examination will show whether the digestion process in the body is proceeding correctly. The coprogram will help identify a lack of enzymes from poorly digested food debris. Stool analysis can still reveal the presence of helminths, which may cause intestinal problems.

Bacteriological examination of stool

If an intestinal infection is suspected, a microflora culture is performed. Bacteriological examination of stool will help identify pathogenic bacteria in the intestines, identify these microorganisms, and determine their sensitivity to antibiotics. If there is an infection, the doctor, based on a stool analysis, will be able to prescribe effective drugs to treat inflammation.

Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS)

Examination of the stomach using an endoscope is prescribed in some cases to confirm the diagnosis of IBD. In this case, the probe is inserted into the patient’s body through the mouth. An endoscope is a fiber optic tube equipped with a camera and lighting. Using fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, the mucous membrane of the stomach and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract are examined. If necessary, during such an examination, a part of the mucosa is taken for histological examination.

Colonoscopy

For IBD, a colonoscopy may be prescribed. This research method is carried out using a device that consists of a flexible tube with a diameter of 1 cm, a length of 1.5 m and an optical device. During a colonoscopy, the examination is performed by inserting an endoscope through the rectum. In this case, the anus is pre-treated with dicaine ointment. This examination method is used to assess the condition of the colon mucosa. Before colonoscopy, the examined organ is thoroughly cleansed of feces using an enema.

Video capsule endoscopy

The newest method for examining the intestines is video capsule endoscopy. When conducting this type of study, the patient swallows a special, disposable, sterile capsule, which, as it passes through the gastrointestinal tract, takes many pictures. The doctor uses a computer to see the location of the video capsule in real time. Such a study of the intestinal tract provides accurate information about the condition of its mucosa. The video capsule is removed from the body during bowel movements a day later.

Treatment methods for intestinal inflammation

How to treat intestinal inflammation in adults? After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe effective therapy to eliminate IBD. Depending on the degree of development of the disease, various medications, enzymes, and herbal teas may be prescribed. For treatment to be effective, a patient with IBD must follow a special diet. In parallel with medications, folk remedies can be used for VKD, but only after consultation with a doctor.

Etiotropic therapy

For IBD, therapy is prescribed that is aimed at eliminating the main cause of the disease. If it involves damage to the body by pathogenic bacteria, then the patient is prescribed antibiotics. For helminth infestation, antihelminthic tablets (albendazole, piperazine) are prescribed. If the cause of IBD is autoimmune, then immunosuppressants are prescribed for treatment.

Symptomatic therapy

To reduce the symptoms of pain, cramping and/or bloating, which are common in patients with IBD, symptomatic therapy is used. For this purpose, antispasmodics, antifoaming agents and other drugs are used in the form of tablets, suppositories, tinctures, which can temporarily alleviate the patient’s condition during the process of treating inflammation. So, to eliminate increased gas formation, espumizan is used, and no-shpu is used to relieve spasms. And after taking antibiotics, rehabilitation is carried out aimed at restoring the intestinal microflora with special preparations.

Pathogenetic therapy

To successfully treat this disease, it is necessary to relieve inflammation in the intestines. For this purpose, anti-inflammatory drugs and sorbents that bind toxins are used. Pathogenetic therapy for IBD also includes medications containing enzymes. Such drugs include Mezim, Pancreatin, the use of which helps reduce the load on the diseased organ of the digestive system.

Diet

Properly organized nutrition in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases is of great importance. What should be the diet for intestinal inflammation? To quickly cure the disease, it is necessary to eat dishes that reduce the load on the mucous membrane of the diseased organ. Medical recommendations on the topic “Inflammation of the intestines, symptoms and effective treatment” recommend that meals for IBD should be divided - 5-6 times a day. The patient's menu should be rich in proteins, and fats and carbohydrates should be reduced.

If you have IBD, it is recommended to include vegetables, fruits, lean meat, black bread, and low-fat dairy products in your diet. You cannot eat fried, smoked or spicy foods. It is better to boil or steam food for a patient with IBD. It is especially useful for this disease to eat foods rich in potassium and calcium. If you have IBD, you should reduce your daily salt intake to 6-8 g. A person with intestinal inflammation should drink 2 liters of water daily. Below is a list of recommended dishes and products for VZR:

low-fat soups;
vegetable decoctions;
compotes;
juices containing tanning components;
dishes from veal, lean beef;
chicken cutlets, meatballs, soufflé;
fish dishes;
cheese, cottage cheese with low fat content.

Folk remedies

Some plants have medicinal properties that perfectly help fight intestinal inflammation of various natures. Traditional medicine has many recipes for drugs to treat this disease. Many patients have experienced the healing effect of taking such natural remedies. The following herbal remedies will help cure IBD:

Pour 200 ml of boiling water over the mixture made from 1 tsp each. herbs chamomile, sage, centaury. Insist. Take every 2 hours all day long, which is 8 times a day. Use the product for 3 months.
Make onion juice by chopping the plant and straining the resulting pulp through cheesecloth. Drink the resulting product 1 tsp. before meals 3-4 times a day. This drug is good for constipation and colitis.
Prepare a herbal mixture of 60 g buckthorn root, 10 g fennel and anise, 20 g licorice root. 1 tbsp. l of mixed dry plants, pour 200 ml of boiling water. Leave for 1/2 hour. Take 200 ml in the morning and evening.

Where to treat intestinal inflammation

To recognize intestinal inflammation at the initial stage and quickly get rid of this disease, if you have constant abdominal discomfort, you need to consult a gastroenterologist for advice. Where is this disease treated in Moscow and St. Petersburg? In the capital and other cities, qualified medical care is provided by gastroenterologists in public clinics, medical centers, and private clinics.

Cost of treatment

How much does it cost to treat intestinal diseases in Moscow and St. Petersburg?

Consultation with a specialist in medical centers will cost 1300-6000 rubles.
Diagnosis of the disease using laboratory tests and medical tests costs between 250-1000 rubles.
An endoscopic examination will cost 3000-4000 rubles.

In some medical centers it is possible to call a doctor to your home and carry out tests without leaving your apartment. The price of such services ranges from 3000-6000 rubles.

Video about inflammatory bowel disease

IBD brings many problems and severe discomfort to a person. Why does this disease occur, what are its symptoms? An interesting, educational video on the topic: “Inflammation of the intestines, symptoms and treatment” will give answers to these and other questions about this gastrointestinal disease. Expert advice will help you find out what effective methods are used to get rid of IBD.

Intestinal inflammation is a serious and dangerous condition that can be caused by several factors. When treating a disorder, the exact cause of the disorder must be established, since it is important to carry out not only anti-inflammatory therapy, but also to eliminate the main source of the disease. To diagnose an inflammatory process in any part of the intestine, various examinations can be prescribed, including ultrasound and general tests. After confirming the presence of the source of the disease, one of the effective drugs is selected to suppress the inflammatory process.

The following factors can provoke the disease:

Attention! All described conditions can occur in chronic and acute forms, especially when affecting the colon. In some cases, the acute stage can last for 4 weeks, after which it will be completely cured or become chronic.

Asacol against the inflammatory process in the intestines

The drug is available in several pharmacological forms; its choice depends on the location of the inflammatory process and its extent.

Exacerbation	Chronic form	A course of treatment
0.4-0.8 g 3 times	0.4-0.5 g 3 times	8-12 weeks
500 mg 3 times	500 mg 2-3 times	Individually
60 g once before bedtime	30-60 g once before bedtime	From 8 weeks to several years

The tablet form is most often used in situations where the inflammatory process is extensive and affects almost the entire intestine or all its parts. For smaller foci of inflammation, it is recommended to use Asacol in the form of rectal suppositories or rectal suspension.

The tablets are taken strictly after meals and should not be chewed. For better effects, it is recommended to drink them with plenty of water, at least 150-200 ml. In complicated cases, patients can increase the dose of tablets to 4 g per day, then it is important to divide the daily amount of the active substance into four doses. Before administering a suspension or rectal suppositories, if the patient has not had bowel movements before, it is recommended to do a microenema.

Attention! Asacol is one of those drugs that, with proper dosage, can also be used for inflammatory processes in children. To do this, you should take into account the child’s age, diagnosis and weight. Use strictly under the supervision of a pediatrician.

Salofalk against intestinal inflammation

The main active ingredients of the drug are mesalazine and an anti-inflammatory complex. Refers to combination drugs that can not only relieve an acute condition, but also support the mucous membrane to prevent recurrence of the disease. Salofalk is also produced in several pharmacological forms, which are prescribed taking into account the current condition of the patient. Most often, tablets or granules are prescribed.

Tablets must be eaten before meals, granules are taken at any time of the day. The dosage is also selected individually. The classic amount of Salofalk is 1.5-3 g in three doses. In case of severe or complicated intestinal inflammation, the dosage can be increased to 8 g of the active substance, also divided into three doses. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician and can last for several months.

Attention! Salofalk is well tolerated. But when taking this drug in any form simultaneously with corticosteroids, the negative effect of the hormonal component may be enhanced.

Trichopolum for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the intestines

Refers to antiprotozoal drugs with high antibacterial activity. To prescribe this antibiotic, it is important to identify the exact cause of the spread of inflammation, since it is active only when exposed to anaerobic bacteria and Helicobacter bacteria.

For the first type of disorder, it is recommended to prescribe 0.5 g of the anti-inflammatory component of the medication no more than four times a day. The duration of therapy in this case is 7 days. If signs of inflammation due to Helicobacter bacteria appear, it is recommended to take Trichopolum at a dose of 500 mg twice a day, also for seven days. You can take the medicine during or after meals; you must wash it down with water.

Attention! Trichopolum should be taken with great caution by patients suffering from high blood pressure and undergoing therapy against arterial hypertension. The antibacterial agent may enhance the effects of cardiac medications, which requires careful prescribing of both types of medications and a reduction in their dose.

Tsiprolet to suppress inflammation in the intestinal tract

The drug belongs to the antibacterial agents from the group of fluoroquinolones. It has a wide range of effects and excellent performance. The dosage of Tsiprolet is 500 mg of the active ingredient twice a day. It is advisable to take the medication an hour after meals. The duration of therapy is 7 days, while it is recommended to take the medication for another two days as a prophylaxis.

Tsiprolet has a wide range of effects and excellent performance

The drug is one of the most effective and fast-acting. This feature is due to the presence of ciprofloxacin in the composition. But this substance can cause instant allergic reactions, including anaphylactic ones. It is advisable to take the first dose of the medication under the supervision of the attending physician, regardless of the form in which it was prescribed. A safer form is Tsiprolet in tablets, which are usually prescribed for intestinal inflammation. In some cases, injections are required; they are given only in a medical facility.

Attention! Tsiprolet should be prescribed with great caution to elderly patients. In addition, mandatory medical consultation is necessary for patients suffering from epilepsy and similar diseases of the central nervous system. When using Tsiprolet, you should strictly follow the drinking regime, since there is a high probability of crystalluria.

Metronidazole against inflammatory processes in the digestive system

A traditional drug for the treatment of most types of infectious diseases, it has absolutely no effect on viral sources of pathology. Available in the form of tablets for oral use. The dosage of Metronidazole is selected taking into account the intensity of symptoms and the source of inflammation. It can be 250-500 mg of the active ingredient up to three times a day. It is recommended to take the antibacterial agent an hour after eating.

If you are intolerant to the drug, it can increase unpleasant symptoms, which will manifest itself in severe colic, abdominal pain, and severe dryness in the oral cavity. If such symptoms intensify, you should immediately inform your doctor to prevent complications of the patient’s condition. If it is necessary to take Metronidazole and antacids containing aluminum, it should be taken into account that the effect of the second drug will not be as pronounced. But it is not recommended to increase the dose of the antacid.

Attention! Metronidazole is poorly tolerated in combination therapy with amoxicillin. Such a combination should be used only if there are real indications and only from an adult age.

Sulfasalazine against inflammatory processes in the intestines

The drug is available in the form of tablets coated with a thin enteric coating. Used as a fast-acting anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. Sulfasalazine should not be used for any diseases of the circulatory system, since the effect of this antibiotic leads to their exacerbation.

When treating an inflammatory process in the intestines, you should strictly adhere to the prescribed regimen; adjustments to the classical treatment can only be made by the attending physician if there are real indications. On the first day, the patient should take 500 mg of the active ingredient 4 times. From the second day, the dosage is doubled and is 1 g, also four times a day. From the third day until the acute period is over, the dose of Sulfasalazine is 1.5-2 g of the active ingredient four times a day. Maintenance therapy is 0.5 g of the active substance up to three times a day, in some cases up to four. The exact duration of therapy should be selected individually for each patient.

Movalis to suppress inflammation in the intestinal tract

The drug belongs to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Available in the form of injections for intramuscular administration. Movalis can only be used in adults. The active substance should be administered only once a day, and the injection should be as deep as possible. The dosage of the active substance in the acute stage is 15 mg; after the acute inflammatory process has resolved, it is advisable to reduce it to 7.5 mg.

Injections are recommended to be used only in the first few days of treatment, as they negatively affect the functioning of the kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract and heart. After eliminating severe inflammation, the patient can be transferred to the tablet form of Movalis. Tablets should also be taken once a day in the amount of 7.5 mg of the active ingredient. The duration of treatment is selected individually for each patient.

Attention! When prescribing Movalis in any form, especially when using injections, since they act quickly and immediately penetrate the bloodstream, it is advisable to exclude pathologies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. If any, treatment is usually carried out in the minimum permissible doses of the drug.

Alpha Normix to suppress the inflammatory process in the intestines

The main active ingredient of the drug is rifaximin, which is a semi-synthetic derivative. It has noticeable anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. When using Alpha Normix, the active substance may slightly turn the urine red. To exclude possible bleeding in this case, you should consult with your doctor and undergo additional examination.

The dosage of the active substance for intestinal inflammation is 200-400 mg 2-3 times a day. In acute stages, the maximum dose of Alpha Normix is 0.4 g three times a day. The drug is also available in the form of a suspension. When prescribed, the patient should take 10-20 ml of the drug no more than three times a day. For severe damage, 20 ml of solution three times a day. Duration of treatment as directed by the attending physician.

Attention! Simultaneously with the use of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs, the patient must undergo combination therapy with corticosteroids, immunomodulators and be sure to adhere to proper nutrition. If you use only the medications described, treatment may not be effective enough.

Video - Irritable bowel syndrome: symptoms and treatment

Video - All detailed information about intestinal inflammation

Regardless of the cause of the disorder and the intensity of symptoms in inflammatory processes, one of the described drugs or its analogue is mandatory. In the absence of therapy, the pathology quickly progresses and can spread to other parts of the digestive system. At the same time, the patient suffers from severe pain and experiences significant problems with digestion and bowel movements. Only competent treatment and the use of appropriate medications can guarantee a quick recovery with minimal possibility of side effects.

The inflammatory process in the large, small intestine or rectum can occur in people of different age categories. But the symptoms and causes may be different in women and men of different ages.

Contents of the article:

Causes of inflammation

When starting treatment for any disease, it is necessary to find out the causes of its occurrence in order to successfully treat the disease. But first you need to figure out what tasks the intestines perform in the body.

With the help of special substances called enzymes, the intestines perform the function of processing the food eaten, breaking it into particles and passing it into the blood. Many factors can disrupt the normal functioning of internal organs, which will ultimately lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory process.

The most common causes of intestinal problems are:

viruses, pathogenic species of bacteria and other protozoan microorganisms (for example, E. coli),
helminthiasis,
an autoimmune process due to which the body tries to destroy its own cells, mistaking them for pathological ones,
unbalanced diet, unhealthy diet,
disruption of the beneficial microflora of the mucous membrane,
circulatory disorders in narrowed vessels of the intestinal walls,
hereditary factors.

Inflammation develops due to the death of mucosal cells under the influence of some factor. An area of the intestine is no longer able to function normally, so the blood supply to the intestinal region is increased.

Characteristic symptoms

The main signs signaling the onset of inflammation in the intestines are:

painful sensations arising from spasms of the abdominal muscles and internal organs,
bloating in the intestines,
nausea and vomiting,
frequent bowel movements, sometimes uncontrollable, due to bleeding wounds on the mucous membrane,
poor absorption of essential substances, causing weight loss,
anemia due to poor absorption of iron.

To clarify the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed a blood and stool test to detect possible infections. Other clinical studies may be recommended.

Medicines can quickly alleviate the symptoms of intestinal inflammation. However, the disease will have to be treated, and the process can be quite long.

Comprehensive treatment must include following a diet for maximum intestinal unloading:

Dishes for the patient’s diet are steamed or consist of boiled products.
Raw fruits and vegetables are completely abolished, especially at the beginning of treatment.
Lean fish and meat containing the necessary proteins must be present in the diet.
Frequently taking small portions
The diet includes jelly, which envelops the intestinal walls and promotes recovery.

Treatment of inflamed intestines includes a complex of methods, which include therapy with suppositories, antibiotics and other drugs:

Special anti-inflammatory drugs and sorbents are prescribed that bind and remove toxins.
Preparations Mezim, Pancreatin, Festal and the like, containing digestive enzymes, are necessary for the successful digestion of food.
Symptomatic therapy with the use of drugs to relieve painful symptoms, cramps and bloating.

How to relieve inflammation at home?

Doctors, when prescribing treatment with pharmaceutical drugs, do not neglect traditional medicine and, together with dietary nutrition, recommend taking herbal remedies that are effective for inflammation.

The properties of some plants have long been studied, which cope not only with symptoms, but can heal the cause of the disease.

In folk medicine, there are many different recipes designed to help treat intestinal disorders. We present available methods of treating the inflammatory process in the intestines using traditional methods.

A mixture of equal parts sage, centaury and chamomile flowers, taken one teaspoon at a time, brew a glass of boiling water and leave for half an hour. Take every two hours, up to 8 times a day. After three months of treatment, the dose is gradually reduced and the infusion is taken less frequently. This medicine has not harmed anyone and does not cause side effects, so it can be used for a long time.
Onion juice It is recommended to drink a teaspoon before meals. The product is taken no more than 4 times a day and helps with constipation and colitis, normalize digestion and destroy pathogenic microflora.
Used for inflammatory symptoms infusion of 20 g licorice, 10 g anise, 10 g fennel and 60 g buckthorn. A spoonful of herbal mixture is poured with 200 ml of boiling water and left for half an hour. In the morning and before bed, drink a glass of infusion.
Chronic forms of colitis are treated with a mixture of herbs yarrow, sage, mint, nettle, oregano, plantain, motherwort, caraway seeds, shepherd's purse, St. John's wort, knotweed and valerian root, with the addition of several blueberries and chamomile flowers. For a glass of boiling water you need to take two tablespoons of the herbal mixture and leave for an hour. It is recommended to take the infusion 100 ml after meals.
With an inflammatory process that manifests itself in the form of constipation, take 100 g of figs, prunes, dried apricots and 2 aloe leaves, grind and divide into 10 servings, rolling into balls. Eat one scoop of the mixture every evening.

We must not forget about individual intolerance to some components used in recipes. Consult your doctor before treatment.

Along with treatment for intestinal inflammation, dietary nutrition plays a very important role. Diet violations are fraught with constant exacerbations of the disease. Frequent split meals 5-6 times a day are another prerequisite for successful treatment.

You should not overuse fats and carbohydrates in your diet, but proteins become vital elements for the patient, as well as foods high in calcium and potassium.

You should not overuse salt in the menu; its amount is limited to 8 grams per day. It is recommended to drink up to two liters of liquid during the day.

If you exclude plant fiber and natural milk from the diet, the diet will quickly lead to good results in treatment.

In case of intestinal inflammation, it is prohibited to consume:

fatty meat
milk and milk soups,
sausages,
salted and pickled mushrooms,
cabbage soups,
hot seasonings,
cream, sour cream and ice cream,
soda and kvass,
alcoholic drinks,
sweets.

Dietary food includes:

vegetable decoctions,
compotes and juices of bird cherry, pomegranate, pear, blueberry and other berries and fruits containing tannins,
low-fat broths,
dishes made from lean beef and steamed chicken,
foods high in calcium, which include low-fat cottage cheese and cheese,
dishes from pollock, pike, perch and other low-fat fish.

Prevention

To prevent the onset of the inflammatory process in the intestines and the exacerbation of chronic colitis, it is necessary to follow certain recommendations. They consist mainly in eliminating the factors that provoke the development of the disease.

Preventive measures are carried out depending on the causes of the inflammatory process of the intestines.

Helps protect against infectious inflammation maintaining personal hygiene, especially when it comes to regular hand washing. Patients should not touch common foods at all.

Helps prevent chronic bowel problems dietary food.

If inflammation of the intestinal tract occurs as a result of treatment for another disease, it is impossible to avoid relapses. Such consequences include, for example, radiation colitis, which often begins during radiotherapy for pelvic tumors.

General prevention of inflammation in the intestines consists of a balanced diet, spa treatment, giving up bad habits and regular exercise.

We must not forget that it is better not to treat the disease, but to try to prevent it. Thanks to the information received, the symptoms can be used to determine the presence of inflammation and measures for treatment.

If several specific signs are detected at once, immediately contact a doctor who will correctly diagnose the problem and prescribe the optimal methods of treating the disease.

Constant abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation - these symptoms are familiar to many people. Of course, they don’t always go to the doctor with them, believing that the reason is a banal digestive disorder. However, these signs can often indicate a much more serious illness. This is inflammation of the intestines. The symptoms and treatment of this disease are described in this article.

Description of the disease

Intestinal inflammation, strictly speaking, is by no means a single disease, but an everyday term that unites various pathologies of this organ. They affect its various parts, and may also have different origins or etiologies. However, they have one thing in common - pathological processes in the intestinal mucosa, which lead to unpleasant symptoms and decreased functionality of this organ.

Intestinal structure

The human intestine is its longest organ, consisting of many sections. Accordingly, pathological processes, including inflammation of the intestine, can occur in any part of it.

The first section of the intestine starting after the stomach is the small intestine or small intestine. In this department, biological polymers are broken down into monomeric compounds that the body can absorb - fatty acids, amino acids and monosaccharides. Absorption of these substances into the blood also occurs in the small intestine. The small intestine is divided into three main parts - the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Inflammation of the small intestine as a whole is called enteritis, inflammation of the ileum - ileitis, inflammation of the duodenum - duodenitis.

The large intestine or large intestine is the section that begins after the small intestine and ends with the anus. The purpose of this section is to collect undigested food debris from the small intestine and remove them to the outside. In addition, water, electrolytes and some vitamins are absorbed into the blood in the colon.

The large intestine contains several elements:

cecum,
colon,
sigmoid colon,
rectum,
vermiform appendix (appendix).

Inflammation of the rectum is called proctitis, the sigmoid - sigmoiditis, the cecum - typhlitis, the appendix -.

Enteritis

Enteritis, or inflammation of the small intestine, is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Enteritis often accompanies such acute infectious diseases as typhoid fever, cholera, enterovirus infection, and salmonellosis. In addition, enteritis is possible with hepatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and gastric ulcer. Chronic enteritis is rarely a primary disease. Exacerbations most often occur due to dietary disorders or alcohol consumption. However, inflammation often spreads to other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, and diseases such as gastroenteritis and enterocolitis occur.

Colitis

Colitis is an inflammation of the large intestine. Acute inflammation of the large intestine is most often caused by an infection, such as dysentery or food poisoning. Chronic inflammation of the large intestine can be caused by autoimmune processes, circulatory disorders or dysbiosis, gastritis, enteritis, pancreatitis, and poor nutrition. Sometimes the cause of inflammation of the large intestine is mechanical trauma (for example, due to abuse of enemas). Inflammation of the entire surface of the colon does not always occur. Usually a specific part of it is affected - the rectum, cecum, sigmoid or colon.

Causes of intestinal inflammation

The causes of inflammatory diseases can be different. Knowledge of the etiological nature of the disease largely determines the strategy for its treatment, because in many cases, for healing it is enough to remove the cause that caused it.

For some inflammatory processes in the intestines, for example, ulcerative colitis, the etiology remains unclear. In some cases, genetic and hereditary factors influence the occurrence of intestinal inflammation, although this factor most likely cannot be called decisive.

Women and men suffer from inflammatory bowel disease at approximately the same rate.

Wrong diet

Intestinal inflammation is often caused by poor diet. They can appear if a person consumes a lot of fatty, fried, salty, smoked and spicy foods, semi-finished products, and insufficient amounts of plant fiber. Incorrect eating habits are also a negative factor - long breaks between meals, frequent overeating, eating in a hurry and dry.

Bacterial infections as a cause of intestinal inflammation

In most cases, pathogenic bacteria become the direct cause of infectious colitis. This is due to the fact that for some reason the amount of normal colon microflora decreases. However, as they say, a holy place is never empty. As a result, various pathogenic microorganisms settle in the intestine - staphylococci, streptococci, salmonella and E. coli. The toxins they release cause damage to the mucous membrane. In the duodenum, the cause of inflammation of the mucous membrane may be the proliferation of bacteria of the type Helicobacter pylori.

Symptoms

Intestinal inflammation is rarely observed along its entire length; as a rule, one of its sections suffers. Therefore, the symptoms of different types of inflammation may differ. There are also chronic and acute forms of diseases, which have their own characteristic set of symptoms. The acute form is a form in which negative symptoms are observed for no longer than 1 month. And symptoms of chronic forms can usually be observed in a person for many months, or even years.

Symptoms of enteritis

Enteritis is characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, which occurs mainly after eating, copious and frequent (up to 20 times a day) loose or viscous stools containing many undigested food particles. A characteristic symptom of enteritis is dull, nagging pain in the navel or right iliac region. Sometimes the pain can take on the character of colic. Symptoms of enteritis may also include weight loss, weakness, anemia, dry skin, brittle nails, and hair loss. These phenomena occur because nutrients are not fully absorbed in the small intestine. A common symptom of enteritis in women is menstrual irregularities. Symptoms of acute enteritis include fever and headache.

Symptoms of colitis

Chronic colitis is characterized by the presence of symptoms such as dull pain localized along the line along which the large intestine is located - this is the anterior wall of the lower half of the abdomen. Pain can intensify both as a result of errors in the diet and as a result of mechanical influences, for example, after a trip in transport. However, such a clear time dependence of pain on food intake as with enteritis is not observed with colitis.

Also among the symptoms are stool disorders and flatulence, nausea, and lack of appetite. A characteristic symptom of ulcerative colitis is diarrhea combined with constipation. Stools with colitis are usually liquid, but the volume of stool is small. However, constipation may also occur. Symptoms during exacerbation also include acute abdominal pain, blood and mucus in the stool, false urge to defecate, fever, weakness and malaise.

Diagnosis of inflammation

For treatment to be successful, the cause of the disease must first be established. When diagnosing, it is necessary not only to determine its type and etiology, but also to separate the inflammatory process in the intestines from other ailments of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, tumors, cholecystitis and pancreatitis, biliary dyskinesia, irritable bowel syndrome. In women, purely female ailments, such as adnexitis, are often disguised as inflammatory processes in the intestines.

When making a diagnosis, the doctor first of all asks the patient about his symptoms and palpates the lower abdomen. To diagnose the lower intestine, methods such as colonoscopy (endoscopic examination of the entire colon) or sigmoidoscopy (endoscopic examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon) are used. Endoscopic methods can also be used to examine the inner surface of the upper intestine. For example, the fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy method, in which a special probe is inserted through the mouth, is used to examine the stomach and duodenum.

Extremely useful in many cases is a coprogram - a method that allows one to determine by the structure of feces the department in which the pathological process develops. A bacteriological analysis of stool is also used, which makes it possible to determine the structure of the microflora of the colon.

A blood test is also very helpful in making a diagnosis. A high level of leukocytes and ESR in the blood usually indicates the presence of an inflammatory process.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of disease. In most cases of inflammatory bowel disease, treatment is conservative. The main methods are medications and diet.

If the disease is caused by bacteria, then treatment is carried out with antibiotics; if it is a helminthic infestation, then with anthelmintic drugs. Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, such as prednisolone, may be prescribed to relieve inflammation.

If the inflammation is caused by autoimmune diseases, treatment is carried out with the help of immunosuppressive drugs.

To restore beneficial microflora, probiotic preparations (Linex, Bifidumbacterin) are used, and enterosorbents (activated carbon, Smecta, Polysorb, Enterosgel) are used to remove toxins. For symptoms indicating a lack of pancreatic enzymes, the use of medications containing digestive enzymes is indicated - Mezim, Festal, Creon; for spasms - antispasmodics (drotaverine, papaverine). Antifoam agents (Espumizan) are used to treat flatulence. For diarrhea, symptomatic treatment includes drugs that reduce intestinal motility (loperamide); for constipation, laxatives of various classes (senna extract, cellulose preparations).

Treatment of chronic inflammation can also be carried out using traditional medicine, herbal preparations that have an astringent and anti-inflammatory effect, for example, decoctions of oak bark, chamomile, and St. John's wort.

When treating, however, it should be borne in mind that any medications have their own contraindications and side effects. Thus, treatment with anti-inflammatory hormonal drugs cannot be carried out for longer than 5 days, and laxatives are contraindicated for bleeding and hemorrhoids.

Diet

Treatment of any type of gastrointestinal inflammation involves following a diet. The diet involves avoiding foods that irritate the mucous membrane. These are alcohol, coffee, smoked and spicy foods, fatty meats, canned food, carbonated drinks. In addition, it is necessary to eat boiled, not fried food. Among meat and fish, low-fat varieties are recommended. Meals should be quite frequent - 5-6 times a day, drinking plenty of fluids is recommended, especially with severe diarrhea. A more detailed diet should be drawn up by a nutritionist or gastroenterologist, based on the characteristics of the disease.

Prevention of gastrointestinal inflammation

Is it possible to prevent inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract? In most cases, this is quite possible, because the causes of illness are poor diet, bacterial infections, alcohol and medication abuse. In addition, the likelihood of inflammation is affected by stress, diabetes, lack of vitamins and microelements in the body, chronic diseases of other internal organs - gastritis, cholecystitis. Consequently, close attention to your health and lifestyle will help you avoid such unpleasant diseases as enteritis and colitis.