Throat spray with antibiotic for children and adults. List of topical antibiotics for throat treatment

Rawness and burning are felt in the throat, it hurts when you swallow or even speak, your general state of health has worsened - all these are signs of an inflammatory process occurring in the throat mucosa. There may be several reasons for such a reaction of the body, but it must be clarified before starting to take systemic drugs.

Antibiotics are not always necessary for a sore throat. If you start the wrong therapy, then the inflammation can spread to adjacent organs, for example, the nose, ear, eyes, lower respiratory tract and provoke complications in the form of sinusitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, bronchitis.

What can cause throat discomfort

A sore throat can be caused by:

development of bacterial microflora (causes pharyngitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis);
viral respiratory infection (ARVI, acute respiratory infections, influenza);
overstrain of the vocal cords, if a person speaks a lot and loudly by occupation (teachers, singers, actors);
negative environmental factors (for example, if a person stays in a smoky, dusty room for a long time or in hazardous production, then the nasopharyngeal mucosa becomes inflamed as a result of irritation and drying out);
thyroid disease - an enlarged thyroid gland can cause discomfort in the throat and pain when turning the head;
reflux disease - part of the contents of the stomach rises from the esophagus, this causes irritation of the mucous membrane and sore throat;
mucosal injury (it can be a chemical, thermal burn or mechanical injury).

When antibiotics are used to treat a sore throat

Antibiotics are prescribed only for the treatment of diseases of bacterial origin, it is powerless against viruses.

The development of a bacterial infection is indicated by yellow or green mucous discharge from the nasal cavity and purulent plaque on the throat.

Antibacterial drugs are prescribed for the following symptoms:

a sharp increase in body temperature to febrile;
the appearance of soreness in the throat, especially when swallowing;
discharge of purulent exudate from the nose;
purulent or, boils on the tonsils;
there are signs of intoxication (dizziness, nausea);
swelling of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes;
tonsils and uvula became red;
deterioration in well-being.

If three of the above signs appear, the throat is treated with antibiotics.

Antibiotics are required for the development of streptococcal infection, since it can cause serious complications. Antibiotic therapy is indispensable for bacterial tonsillitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, severe intoxication, and the development of purulent complications.

Why should a doctor prescribe antibiotics?

Antibacterial drugs can be broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum. The former destroy many types of bacteria, the latter have a targeted effect. Bacteria are capable of producing

resistance to antibacterial drugs:
mutate and change the structure that the drug destroys;
become impermeable to the active substance;
isolate compounds that destroy the antibiotic;
change the metabolism, bypassing those biochemical reactions that are blocked by the antibiotic.

The bacterium adapts to the action of the substance if the wrong dosage or duration of therapy is chosen, since some of the microbes survive and mutate. Taking uncontrolled drugs, a person harms his own health.

It turns out that by taking the wrong antibiotic or not, a person triggers the mechanisms that make the microorganism resistant to this antibiotic, and the next time antibacterial drugs do not always help. Treatment becomes difficult and requires alternative drugs or increased doses, which are toxic.

The antibiotic must be prescribed by a doctor

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are better because the precise effect on the body reduces the risk of developing resistance in other types of bacteria. The most common disease in children, the symptom of which is a sore throat, is a sore throat.

It requires broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat it. Although the medicine does not affect the duration of the disease, it relieves symptoms on the third day and avoids complications.

To prescribe a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, you need to find out which bacterium caused the inflammatory process in the throat. The “correct” medication will only affect a specific microorganism, destroying its shell or preventing its reproduction, will not affect beneficial bacteria and will not force the opportunistic microflora to adapt.

Antibiotics for the throat can be in the form of tablets, injections, syrup, may be contained in topical preparations such as lozenges, spray

How to minimize the harm from taking an antibiotic and increase its effectiveness

When taking an antibiotic, you must strictly follow the doctor's instructions. The general rules for taking antibacterial agents are as follows. What antibiotic to drink and in what form, the dosage and duration of the course are determined not by you, based on past experience, but by the doctor, taking into account the rate of development and strength of the disease, as well as which medications were prescribed earlier and which are needed in complex therapy.

If a ten-day course of injections is prescribed, and you feel healthy after five days, then the course should still be continued. If within 3 days of taking the medicine, the state of health has not improved, then you should consult a doctor so that he can adjust the therapy (increase the dose or replace the drug).

If after taking the medicine there are adverse reactions (nausea, vomiting, rash, diarrhea, migraine), you need to change the medication. In order not to harm the digestive system, the tablets should be taken as directed in the instructions (before or after meals).

Take the tablets only with plenty of water (it is strictly forbidden to drink or drink grapefruit juice or milk within 30 minutes after taking the medicine). The same level of the active substance must be maintained in the blood, so the medicine must be drunk at regular intervals.

With a sore throat and fever, a person should observe bed rest

Systemic drugs to suppress bacterial infection

For the treatment of bacterial tonsillitis and diseases caused by staphylococci and streptococci, antibiotics of the penicillin group are prescribed. These include:

Amoxicillin. Semi-synthetic drug that almost does not cause adverse reactions. Acts on bacteria even while in gastric juice;
Augmentin. May be prescribed for the treatment of children. Contains clavulanic acid, which prevents enzymes from destroying the active substance;
Flemoxin. It is prescribed for both adults and children, even women in position. Affects gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The course of treatment lasts 14 days;
. Quickly destroys bacteria and does not harm the immune system. As a side effect, weight loss or a rash sometimes occurs. Can be used to treat children older than 3 months;
Ampicillin. Destroys several types of bacteria, including those that provoke tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Relatively inexpensive drug. It is allowed for children from two months of age, however, it is contraindicated in people who have kidney pathology;
Bacillin-5 prevents the reproduction of some, although not all, bacteria, so it is prescribed when the "culprit" is known. It acts for a long time and does not allow the development of complications of the disease.

The therapeutic effect of Amoxiclav is noticeable after 1-2 days

If the patient has intolerance to antibiotics of the penicillin group, then the doctor may prescribe macrolides:

Sumamed. Cope with angina in 5 days. It is used only if the sore throat is protracted and becomes chronic. Children can be prescribed from the age of six months, the dose is calculated from body weight. Release form: tablets, injections, suspension;
Erythromycin. It is prescribed if the sore throat is provoked by staphylococcus aureus, it has a relatively low toxicity, therefore it is allowed for pregnant women;
Spiramycin. The drug quickly eliminates inflammation and destroys pathogenic microorganisms. Toxicity is reduced, but it is not recommended for pregnant and lactating women.

Pharyngitis can cause a complication in the form of phlegmous tonsillitis. With this type of tonsillitis, only macrolides can cope, since they are able to penetrate the bacterial cell wall. If penicillins and macrolides do not work, then fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin or Ciprolet) are prescribed. For the treatment of the throat, broad-spectrum antibiotics can also be prescribed: Siflox, Cefazolin, Cefalexin, Lendacin.

If sore throat and fever are provoked by purulent tonsillitis, then the doctor, for the rapid destruction of bacteria, may prescribe cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Cephabol). These are strong antibiotics that quickly affect the pathogenic microflora, but addiction is quickly developed to them. If a sore throat occurs without an increase in body temperature, then Amoxicillin or Ampicillin is prescribed.

Which antibiotic should be taken to eliminate pathological processes in the throat, the doctor will decide by making a diagnosis and conducting laboratory tests if necessary.

Topical antibiotic throat treatment

For sore throats and coughs for children and adults, in addition to tablets or injections, local therapy is also prescribed: inhalations, rinses, compresses. It can be cured without systemic antibiotics.

Topical preparations are used, for example, lozenges for resorption or spray. A local antibiotic for the treatment of the throat acts only on the mucous membrane at the site of application and does not penetrate into the blood. These drugs are effective as monotherapy if the pathogen develops only in the throat (no fever).

Cough lozenges have a local effect

If a sore throat is the only symptom, and it persists for a long time, then there is a chance that it is a viral or fungal infection. And antibacterial drugs are unsuitable for its treatment.

Local antibacterial drugs for the treatment of throat are represented by the following means. Lozenges Dr. Mom - has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and expectorant effects. Spray Ingalipt - it helps to relieve swelling and restore trophism in the tissues. Not allowed during pregnancy and lactation, as well as children under 3 years.

Bronchicum contains herbal ingredients that have anti-inflammatory, mucolytic, bronchodilator and expectorant effects. Contraindicated in pregnancy and children under 6 months. Spray Oracept contains phenol, which has anesthetic and antiseptic properties. The medicine can be taken by children over 2 years old, not recommended for pregnant women.

Pharyngosept - the active substance ambazon has an antiseptic effect, quickly relieves soreness and restores the mucous membrane. Trachisan is intended for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, gingivitis, stomatitis).

Stopangin 2A forte - the active ingredient is Benzocaine and Tyrothricin. Works as an antibiotic and as an antiseptic. Contraindicated in children, pregnant and lactating women. Release form tablets and spray.

Is it possible to take an antibiotic during pregnancy

During pregnancy or lactation, any medication should be taken under the watchful supervision of a doctor. Strong drugs are prescribed only if the benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus.

If a pregnant woman has a sore throat and a high temperature, the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic that will be as safe as possible for the fetus.

Often, pregnant women are prescribed topical drugs that are less absorbed into the blood to eliminate sore throats.

The following pharmacy remedies will help a pregnant woman from severe sore throat:

lollipops with sage and chamomile, which relieve inflammation and destroy pathogenic microflora;
Gramicidin C, Gramicidin Neo - have an antimicrobial and antiseptic effect, are contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy and in children under 4 years of age;
Tantum Verde - the spray has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and anesthetic properties, it is allowed for children from 3 years old and pregnant women;
Bioparox based on fusafungin - spray has an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect, is contraindicated in children under 2.5 years old.

Many pregnant women are wary of taking medicines, fearing that it will affect the health of the child and trying to be cured by folk remedies (gargling with infusions and decoctions of herbs, inhalations, eating honey and lemon).

Such a strategy may be justified if a sore throat is the only symptom. If the temperature rises, then antibiotics are indispensable. Modern pharmacology can offer drugs that do not affect the fetus in any way, so do not wait for complications and ignore the doctor's prescription.

Antibacterial drugs destroy pathogenic bacteria that cause inflammation, but at the same time they kill beneficial microorganisms and have a number of contraindications and side effects. They must be excreted from the body by the liver and kidneys, and this is already an extra burden on the internal organs. Therefore, you need to take an antibiotic only after the appointment and following the doctor's instructions, but not based on "last time helped."

Unpleasant sensations in the throat, pain, discomfort, dryness - all these sensations are well known to people who at least once had a sore throat, laryngitis or tonsillitis. Only antibiotic therapy will help get rid of pain, but on condition that the disease is caused by the active reproduction of pathogens.

Sprays

This form of release is considered the most convenient, the use of sprays helps:

Deliver substances directly to the site of inflammation.
Reduce the likelihood of side effects.
Minimize the risks associated with the use of .

Often the composition of sprays includes a component such as ethanol. In pediatrics, the use of ethanol is not welcome, for this reason some have age restrictions. Often they are associated not with the toxic effect of the drug, but with its basis. For this reason, before using the drug, you should consult a doctor or at least carefully study the instructions.

Lozenges are not used to treat children under 6 years of age. Since there is a high risk that the baby will swallow a lollipop or tablet and choke on it.

From the age of 6, you can give your child lozenges or lozenges for resorption, having previously explained to him the principle of the drug and that he is required not to chew the pill, but to slowly dissolve it.

List of drugs used in pediatrics

Lizobakt and Strepsils have nothing to do with antibiotics - they are antiseptic drugs. With a complicated form, they can be prescribed.

Topical antibiotics are highly effective drugs, but they will not help if the cause of the disease is not bacteria, but viruses. Therefore, it is desirable that a doctor prescribes antibiotic therapy, and the treatment takes place under his control. For the treatment of the throat, the drug Antiangin is also often prescribed. Link - .

One of the main manifestations of pharyngitis is sore throat, aggravated by talking and swallowing. Other symptoms of an acute illness can be: cough, feeling of dryness and itching, fever, intoxication symptoms, runny nose, nausea.

For many patients, the most painful and uncomfortable conditions are: severe dryness, itching, a feeling of "sand" in the throat. Wanting to get rid of unpleasant symptoms as soon as possible and return to their usual way of life, patients go to the pharmacy for pills or lozenges to treat their throat with an antibiotic.

Also, many adults, not wanting to visit a doctor and afraid to go to the hospital, prefer to "play it safe" and drink a short course (3 tablets) of an antibiotic for the throat - (, AzitRus ®, Azitrox ® , Zi-factor ®). This drug is loved by many for its good tolerance, rare development of undesirable effects (allergies, dysbacteriosis, abdominal pain, thrush, etc.), short duration of treatment and the need to take only one tablet a day.

However, this approach is fundamentally wrong and, instead of the expected relief, can be harmful to health. It is important to remember that antibiotics for the throat, adults and especially children, should only be prescribed by a doctor.

It should be understood that antibacterial drugs can only be used for a bacterial infection. If the disease is caused by viruses, then antibiotics are contraindicated. To reduce pain, with viral pharyngitis, lozenges for resorption with antiseptic and analgesic effects can be used.

Acute pharyngitis rarely occurs as an independent disease. More often, they act as a manifestation of another infection (rhinovirus, adenovirus, etc.). In children, a common cause of pharyngitis is chronic adenoiditis, that is, inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa occurs due to the constant flow of mucus along it.

The vast majority of pharyngitis develops against the background of ARVI, that is, it is of a viral nature, which means that it does not require the appointment of antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics for sore throat without fever are also not prescribed. Inflammation of the mucosa, occurring without other signs of an infectious process, should be distinguished from:

pharyngitis of an allergic nature (if dryness, pain when swallowing, cough appear after a long stay in dusty rooms, when ragweed blooms, etc.);
chronic pharyngitis in smokers;
pharyngitis that developed against the background of gastroesophageal reflux.

The first symptoms of viral and bacterial pharyngitis are similar - sore throat, cough (moreover, cough can be both a separate symptom and a reflex reaction to irritated mucous membranes), runny nose, fever, nausea, sensation of a lump when swallowing.

In order to differentiate viral pharyngitis from bacterial, you should consult a doctor and take a blood test. In favor of the bacterial pathogen will testify: high ESR, leukocytosis with stab neutrophilia.

Also, in favor of a bac. infection they say: fever for more than three days (poorly knocked down by antipyretic drugs), the presence of purulent discharge (sputum discharged from the nasal passages, as well as the flow of greenish mucus along the back of the throat), painfully enlarged lymph nodes ( cervical, submandibular). Severe soreness and a significant increase, as well as redness and tension of the skin over the lymph node, are characteristic of lymphadenitis.

If lymphadenitis occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor. Self-medication, in this situation, is life-threatening. Since the inflamed lymph node can fester and become complicated by an abscess, phlegmon, sepsis, etc.

An increase in the tonsils and the presence of purulent deposits on them indicates acute tonsillitis. Unlike pharyngitis, tonsillitis is caused predominantly by bacteria (group A B-hemolytic streptococci) and without adequate antibiotic therapy can cause many serious complications.

Antibiotic throat lozenges, absorbable

It is important to understand that topical antibiotic throat lozenges cannot replace systemic antibiotic therapy.

List of popular antibiotic throat lozenges:

Grammidin ® ;
Gramicidin C Renewal ® (230 rubles per pack of 20 tablets);
Dorithricin ® (360 rubles per pack of 10 tablets);
Trachisan ® .

The most common and effective throat lozenges containing an antibiotic are the preparations of the Russian pharmaceutical company Valenta Pharma ® :

Grammidin Neo ® (255 rubles per pack of 18 tablets);
Grammidin Neo with anesthetic ® (230 rubles);
Grammidin for children ® (255 rubles).

Tablets with antiseptic effect

Pharyngosept ® (has a bacteriostatic effect on gram- and gram+ pathogens. The cost of a pack of 20 tablets is about 280 rubles);
Strepsils ® (effective against gram- and gram+ pathogens, has an antiseptic, antifungal, analgesic and emollient effect. The cost of a package of 24 tablets is 200 rubles)
Septolete Total ® (has antimicrobial (acts on gram-, gram+ flora, fungi and some viruses), analgesic and antiseptic effects. The cost of a pack of 16 tablets is 240 rubles);
Hexoral tabs ® (exhibits a pronounced antimicrobial effect). The cost of 16 tablets is 200 rubles);
Laripront ® (shows antimicrobial, antiviral, mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effects). Price per pack 20 tab. - 210 rubles).

Tablets have pronounced anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and anesthetic effects:

Tantum Verde ® (20 tablets - 250 rubles);
TheraFlu LAR ® (16 tablets - 200 rubles).

Cheap lozenges for sucking

Inexpensive drugs that have analgesic and antiseptic effects include:

Agisept ® (price per pack of 24 tablets - 110 rubles);
Gorpils ® (24 tablets - 140 rubles);
TheraFlu LAR with menthol ® (20 tablets - 130 rubles);
Suprima-Lor ® (16 tablets - 130 rubles).

Pastilles containing herbal ingredients

Isla ® , Icelandic moss extract (30 pieces - 390 rubles);
Eucalyptus-M ® (24 pieces - 190 rubles);
Asterisk-Propolis ® - contains extracts of propolis, licorice, ginger, chamomile, menthol, thyme (18 pcs. - 120 rubles);
Chlorophyllipt ® (20 pieces - 130 rubles);
Sage, lozenges (10 tab. -130 r.)

Antibiotic Throat Lozenges: A Summary of Essential Remedies

Grammidin ®

Grammidin Neo ® is a combined agent that is effectively used in the complex therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the throat and oral cavity.

The composition of the basic version of the medicinal product (Grammidin Neo ®) includes the antibiotic gramicidin C and the antiseptic component cetylpyridinium chloride. The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of gramicidin C is realized by increasing the degree of permeability of bacterial membranes, and, consequently, the violation of cell stability, which leads to the death of the pathogen. The action of gramicidin is effectively complemented by the antiseptic effect of cetylpyridinium chloride, which can suppress the growth and active reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity.

It should also be noted that hypersalivation (abundant salivation) that occurs during the resorption of Grammidin Neo ® contributes to the mechanical cleansing of the oral cavity.

The drug has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, emollient and moderate analgesic effect. With a pronounced discomfort in the throat, it is recommended to use Gramidin Neo ® with an anesthetic.

Grammidin NEO ® for throat treatment

This version of the drug, in addition to gramidicin C ® and cetylpyridinium chloride, contains a local anesthetic lidocaine, menthol and eucalyptus oil.

Lidocaine ® provides a pronounced analgesic effect. The effect occurs already when the tablet is resorbed and lasts about an hour. The menthol and eucalyptus oil contained in the preparation provide additional pain relief and cooling of the mucosa. Eucalyptus oil also exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.

The inclusion of sweeteners (mannitol and aspartame) in the composition of the medium helps to improve the taste of candies.

It should be noted that Grammidin Neo ® has minimal systemic absorption, as it is practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, the development of undesirable effects from the use of the medium is practically not observed.

Antibiotics for the treatment of throat in adults and children, in the form of lozenges, can be used in the treatment complex:

periodontal disease;
stomatitis.

Contraindications to the use of Grammidin ® are individual intolerance to the components of the medium, the first trimester of pregnancy, lactation and children under four years of age.

From the age of four it is allowed to use children's Grammidin ® .

Undesirable reactions during treatment can be manifested by allergies, a temporary decrease in the sensitivity of the tongue and a violation of taste sensations. Very rarely, nausea and gastrointestinal disturbances are possible.

Children from four to twelve years old are prescribed one table. up to four times a day. Adults and patients over 12 years of age - two tablets. (with an interval of half an hour) up to four times a day. Within an hour of Grammidin ® resorption, food or drinks are prohibited.

The duration of treatment should not exceed seven days.

Another Russian drug containing Gramicidin C ® is Gramicidin C Renewal ® . The medicine has similar indications and contraindications to Grammidin ®. It also applies in the same way. The main difference is that Gramicidin C Renewal ® does not contain painkillers and antiseptic components.

Dorithricin ®

Combined preparation of the German pharmaceutical company Medice ® . The drug is effectively used for pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, gingivitis and stomatitis.

It has a pronounced analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect.

The effectiveness of Dorithricin ® is due to its constituent benzocaine (analgesic effect), benzalkonium chloride and tyrothricin. Benzalkonium chloride, in addition to antiseptic action, is active against gram + pathogens (antibacterial action) and fungi of the Candida genus (fungicidal activity).

Tyrothricin ® refers to antibiotics with local effects (linear and polycyclic polypeptides). It contains gramicidin and thyrocidin ® . The mechanism of bactericidal activity is realized due to its ability to disrupt cellular respiration and destroy bacterial membranes. Due to the specificity of action, tyrothricin ® does not contribute to the emergence of cross-resistance.

All components of the drug have low systemic absorption and do not affect the intestinal microflora. Adverse reactions from the use of Dorithricin ® are rare and are usually associated with individual intolerance to the components of the medium.

Contraindications to the appointment of the drug are:

individual hypersensitivity to components;
under six years of age;
disaccharidases deficiency.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women can use lozenges only after consulting with their doctor.

The course of treatment is from five to seven days.

Trachisan ®

Trachisan ® is a combined media with antibacterial, analgesic and antiseptic effects. The antibacterial effect is due to the action of tyrothricin ® (the same antibiotic as in Dorithricin ®). In addition, Trachisan ® contains chlorhexidine and lidocaine (local anesthetic).

It should be noted that in addition to the antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects, chlorhexidine is able to exhibit antibacterial activity against gram- and gram+ pathogens. The mechanism of action is realized due to the violation of the osmotic balance in the cells and the destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane of the pathogen.

The remedy is effective for stomatitis, gingivitis, glossitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Also, Trachisan ® can be used for prophylactic purposes before and after tonsillectomy, tooth extraction, etc.

Contraindications to the use of the drug are individual hypersensitivity to the components, erosion and ulcers of the oral mucosa, fructose intolerance and the patient's age is less than four years.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before using Trachisan.

Undesirable effects can be manifested by allergies, temporary changes in taste, numbness of the tongue. In rare cases, staining of tooth enamel in a yellowish-brown hue is possible.

From four to twelve years, it is necessary to dissolve one table. with an interval of 2 hours. Maximum per day - no more than six tablets.

Adults and patients over twelve years of age can dissolve up to eight tablets. from the day.

The optimal duration of treatment is five to seven days.

Lozenges with antiseptic effect

Lizobakt ®

The cost of packaging 30 tab. It is about 300 rubles. It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect, and also promotes the regeneration of mucous membranes.

The antiseptic effect is due to the presence of lysozyme in the composition. This enzyme is capable of destroying the cell membranes of Gram- and Gram+ pathogens. Also, the tool has fungicidal and antiviral activity.

The pyridoxine (vitamin B6) included in the composition stimulates regenerative processes in the mucous membranes.

Lizobakt ® can be used for gingivitis, stomatitis (including herpetic nature), erosions and ulcers of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharyngitis, tonsillitis.

It can be used to treat women who are carrying a child and breastfeeding. A contraindication to use is the individual intolerance of the components.

The drug is well tolerated by patients. Side effects are extremely rare.

Irresponsible attitude to one's health, employment at work often leads to self-treatment of acute respiratory diseases.

At the same time, various factors can be the cause of sore throat, and the independent use of medications does not give a therapeutic effect, leads to complications, translates the disease into a chronic form. When should antibiotics be used for a sore throat? Sometimes the use of antibiotics is relevant, and sometimes it can be harmful to health.

When can antibiotics be used?

A visit to the doctor should not be postponed when. Your doctor recommends taking antibiotics based on:

clinical manifestations (high temperature, pain and inflammation in the throat, intoxication of the body);
results of clinical laboratory studies.

Before starting antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to conduct a study to determine the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. This analysis is carried out over several days. In order not to lose time and prevent further development of the infection, the doctor prescribes broad-spectrum drugs.

Drugs effective for respiratory diseases

When choosing an antibacterial drug, the following criteria should be followed:

must have a bactericidal effect;
not be inactivated by bacterial enzymes;
quickly absorbed, providing a high content in the blood and tissues;
for a long time (at least 8 hours) to maintain the required concentration;
have a minimum of toxicity and undesirable effects.

What antibiotics to drink for a sore throat? Today, the following groups of drugs are prescribed for the treatment of tonsillopharyngitis:

Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins).
Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithrimycin).
Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, sparfloxacin).

Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins)

The main properties of beta-lactam antibiotics:

bactericidal action;
low toxicity;
removal through the kidneys;
a wide range of dosages;
cross allergy.

Beta-lactam drugs destroy the cell wall of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Natural penicillins have a narrow spectrum of action, are affected by beta-lactamases, are destroyed by the acidity of the stomach (used only parenterally), and have a short duration of action of the active substance. Based on the listed properties, natural penicillins, they are rarely prescribed for pain and discomfort in the throat.

What antibiotics to take for a sore throat? Broad-spectrum inhibitor-protected antibiotics are used:

Amoxicillin/clavulonate.
Ampicillin/sulbactan.
Ticarcillin/clavulonate.
piperacillin/tazobactam.

The course of treatment for pain and inflammation of the throat is 7–10 days. Release form - tablets and ampoules for injection. These antibiotics are protected from inactivation by the enzyme beta-lactamase, the addition of clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam, which ensures their effectiveness. The combined drug Ampiox is often used for sore throats. A group of antipseudomonal antibiotics (carboxypenicillins and ureidopenicillins) is used mainly to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cephalosporins are represented by 5 generations of agents. First generation drugs (Cefalizin) are used to treat sore throat caused by and. Second-generation antibacterials are active against anaerobic and gram-negative bacteria. Third-generation cephalosporins are very popular with doctors. They find their use in combating gram-negative bacteria in community-acquired infections. These are Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime.

To combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteria, fourth-generation drugs are prescribed. What antibiotics should be taken for sore throat if the cause of the disease is Pseudomonas aeruginosa? This is Ceftazidine or Cefekin in combination with aminoglycosides.

Fifth-generation cephalosporins (Ceftobiprole) effectively fight Staphylococcus aureus and are often used for pain and sore throat.

Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin)

Macrolides are semi-synthetic drugs. If you have a sore throat, what antibiotics should you take? To understand, consider the properties of this group of drugs. They are characterized by:

a wide range of bacteriostatic effects;
high activity against staphylococci and streptococci;
prolonged action of the drug;
high levels in the blood and tissues;
good absorption;
low toxicity of the drug;
safe effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

The above properties of the drug allow you to reduce the intake of tablets up to 1-2 times daily. The course of treatment is 3-5 days. Azithromycin is available in tablets, suspensions and syrups. Due to the rapid absorption of the active substance, the drug is quickly distributed throughout the patient's body. The withdrawal time of azithromycin is 60-76 hours, which allows you to drink it 1 time per day. With pain and hyperemia of the pharyngeal mucosa in an adult, taking the drug quickly relieves clinical manifestations:

eliminates pain and swelling in the throat;
normalizes body temperature;
reduces joint and muscle pain;
increases appetite.

The main advantages of azithromycin are due to:

activity not only against staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, but also legionella, chlamydia, mycoplasmas;
the frequency of taking the medicine (1 time per day);
course treatment - 3 days or longer if necessary;
high antibiotic safety;
high concentrations of the active substance in the focus of infection.

An important advantage of azithromycin is the safety of treatment. According to the results of studies, the withdrawal of the drug associated with side effects was about 1%.

This medicine finds applications in pediatrics, as it has minimal toxicity. The low risk of teratogenic effects on the fetus made it possible to prescribe an antibiotic drug in the treatment of pregnant women.

Clarithromycin is highly active against gram-positive aerobic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, listeria). Clarithromycin is an effective antibiotic for sore throats in adults. After oral administration, the drug is rapidly absorbed, the equilibrium concentration of the active substance reaches 2 days after the start of treatment. Clarithromycin is prescribed not only for sore throat, but also for duodenal ulcer to combat helicobacter pylori (with complex therapy).

Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, sparfloxacin)

When the throat hurts, what antibiotics to drink? Often prescribe modern synthetic drugs. A huge advantage of fluoroquinologists is the high sensitivity of most bacteria to them.

Medicines are characterized by the following properties:

huge range of influence;
bactericidal action;
high bioavailability of the drug;
prolonged withdrawal;
the possibility of combination with other antibiotic drugs;
minimum side effects;

The mechanism of action - the antibiotic inhibits the necessary enzymes for DNA synthesis, which leads to the death of the microorganism. Fluoroquinolones are not prescribed to women during pregnancy, lactation, as they penetrate the placental barrier.

Fluoroquinolones are conditionally divided into 4 generations. What synthetic antibiotics are most often prescribed by doctors for a sore throat in an adult?

For the treatment of pain and inflammation in the throat, 3rd generation fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin) are recommended. These antibiotics are called "respiratory", as they are effectively used in the treatment of infectious diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

When the throat hurts, these antibiotics for adults are prescribed 500 mg once daily. The course of treatment is 7 days, with a severe course of the disease it is doubled.

What antibacterial drugs are best to drink?

Consider which antibiotic is best to take for a sore throat? In order to accurately select an effective drug, it is necessary to conduct a bacteriological analysis of a throat swab for the sensitivity of the flora to antibiotics. To do this, you should contact the clinic to the therapist or ENT doctor. The results of the research will determine the type of pathogen and the list of antibiotics to which it is sensitive.

The effectiveness of the treatment of sore throat depends not only on drugs, but also on the implementation of medical instructions during treatment. Especially carefully it is necessary to take the time of taking the drug for adults. You should not stop taking the drug when the symptoms of the disease decrease. The possibility of reducing the course of treatment is decided by the doctor.

Useful video

From the following video you can find out in which cases you need to use antibiotics:

Conclusion

Antibiotics for sore throat are taken at a high temperature.
In the treatment of bacterial respiratory infections, broad-spectrum drugs are used - beta-lactam, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.
The best antibacterial drug for treating a patient is considered to be the one that, according to the results of the analysis, is sensitive to the causative agent of the disease. Therefore, only a doctor can answer the question of which antibiotic is better to take when the throat hurts.

During bacterial inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, systemic and local agents are used. Dispersion (grinding) of the active components of antibiotics, produced during the process of creating a spray, does not reduce the activity of the active substances, therefore, the appointment of this convenient dosage form is practiced in the treatment of various infectious diseases of the throat and nasopharynx.

Indications for the use of antibiotic throat sprays

Antibacterial drugs for the throat of local action are intended for the treatment of inflammation caused by staphylococcal, streptococcal, anaerobic bacterial or fungal infections, or when there is a threat of their attachment to the original disease. Sprays for the throat with antibiotics can be prescribed for the following diagnoses:

laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx);
quinsy;
bacterial angina;
bacterial pharyngitis.

The local therapeutic effect of drugs in the form of a spray ensures that the active components of the antibiotic directly affect the site of infection. The use of medicines of this dosage form helps to quickly achieve the desired therapeutic effect - to reduce pain, prevent the development of complications, and avoid the transition of the disease to the chronic stage. Depending on the severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient's body, sprays are used as an additional or main treatment.

The high bioavailability of the components of the composition, the possibility of taking the drug in any conditions (unlike rinsing, inhalation and other topical agents), the low degree of systemic exposure of the drug to the body - these advantages of antibiotic sprays make them the drugs of choice in the treatment of uncomplicated bacterial infections. Only a doctor can prescribe such a medicine, because they select a medicine in accordance with the type of microorganism that caused the inflammation. Self-medication is fraught with aggravation of the patient's condition.

Russian-made antibacterial spray Ingalipt contains sodium norsulfazole, soluble streptocide, thymol, sucrose, mint and eucalyptus extracts. The combination of these active ingredients relieves swelling of the mucous membranes, has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, relieves pain, and is active against fungi of the genus Candida. The drug is prescribed as part of the complex treatment of bacterial inflammation of the upper respiratory tract:

tonsillitis;
nasopharyngitis;
bacterial or fungal infection.

Dosage for adult patients and children over 12 years old - 1-2 injections through the oral cavity, 3-4 times / day, for 7-10 days. Contraindications are allergy to one of the components, kidney and liver diseases (nephrosis, nephritis), disorders of the hematopoietic organs and chronic autoimmune diseases. Treatment can cause side effects in the form of a skin rash, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, angioedema. The price of a 30 ml bottle in Moscow pharmacies ranges from 90 to 160 rubles.

Tantum Verde

Antibiotic throat spray Tantum Verde from Italian pharmacists is made on the basis of benzydamine hydrochloride, a component that has an anesthetic antimicrobial effect. This substance exhibits a pronounced fungicidal activity against fungi of the Candida type, therefore it is also prescribed for candidiasis with a focus of infection in the oral cavity. Dosing regimen - 0.255 mg (1 dose); spray into the oral cavity every 1.5-3 hours for 4-8 injections for adults, 3-4 for children from 6 to 12 years old.

This antibiotic throat spray is contraindicated in case of individual hypersensitivity to the components of the remedy; the use of the drug can cause burning and dryness of the mucous membranes, allergic reactions, laryngospasm or an asthma attack. The price of Tantum Verde in the form of an aerosol for topical use in pharmacies in Moscow is 260–420 rubles per 30 ml.

Hexoral

American spray for sore throat with antibiotic Hexoral is made on the basis of hexetidine. This substance is a thiamine antagonist, has a pronounced antimicrobial, antiseptic effect, has an antifungal, antibacterial effect. The remedy relieves sore throat, cough and pain syndrome with tonsillitis, pharyngitis, other purulent inflammation of the pharynx, is used in complex treatment as an adjuvant.

Spray for the throat with antibiotics Hexoral is sprayed into the throat twice a day (morning and evening), for 1-3 seconds. The duration of the course of treatment with the drug is from 7-10 days. The drug is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to its components and under the age of 3 years. May change taste sensations (with individual intolerance). The cost of a 40 ml bottle varies from 240 to 360 rubles.

Antibiotic throat aerosol Kameton is a combined topical preparation containing chlorobutanol hydrate, eucalyptus oil, camphor, menthol, which has a cooling, soothing effect on the sore throat. Antiseptic with a local anesthetic effect, the spray relieves inflammation, prevents the spread of the infectious process.

Before using the drug, rinse the throat with a soda solution or chlorhexidine. The agent is injected into the right and left corner of the pharynx, 2-3 injections, 3-4 times a day, for a week. Do not use the medicine under the age of 5 years and with individual hypersensitivity to the components. Reception can cause side effects in the form of skin rashes, burning sensations in the nasopharynx. The price of a 30 ml bottle is 65–110 rubles.

Stopangin

The local antibiotic for the throat Stopangin is produced by an Israeli pharmaceutical company based on hexetidine and a complex of essential oils (eucalyptus, mint, anise, orange tree). Active ingredient of the drug:

has antibacterial, antiseptic and fungicidal action;
relieves discomfort when coughing;
has an analgesic, enveloping effect.

Stopangin is not prescribed for children under the age of 8 years, during pregnancy, with dry pharyngitis of the atrophic type and individual intolerance to the main components. Use of this antibiotic throat spray may cause allergies (including angioedema), bronchospasm, or laryngospasm. Frequency of use - 2 times / day, between meals, 2 injections, for 7-10 days. The price of a bottle of 30 ml is from 200 to 290 rubles.

Spray Bioparox based on fusafungin (a polypeptide antibiotic with anti-inflammatory activity) has a local antibacterial effect without reducing the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents of systemic action. The remedy is prescribed for bacterial inflammatory infections of the respiratory system, at the catarrhal stage of purulent tonsillitis, at the initial stages of sinusitis - the medicine will relieve swelling of the sinuses, nasal congestion, and will help to eliminate sputum. Dosage - 1 injection in each nasal passage or two in the mouth, 4 times / day.

The drug is contraindicated under the age of 2.5 years and with intolerance to one of the components. The use of the spray can cause dryness in the nasopharynx, perspiration and nausea, individual allergic reactions from the skin or mucous membranes, bronchospasm, edema, anaphylactic shock (with increased sensitivity to the components). The price of one bottle is 400-450 rubles.

Antibiotic of local action for the throat Anginal based on plant components (extracts of chamomile, sage, mallow, eucalyptus leaf) has an anti-inflammatory and mild antibacterial effect. The components of the composition are active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungal microorganisms, destroy pathogens. The spray is sprayed 4-8 times / day, 2-3 doses (one press - 0.132 g), in the complex treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract.

The tool can be used during pregnancy, is contraindicated in children under 3 years of age, with bronchial asthma and with high sensitivity to the components of the drug. Spray for the throat with herbal antibiotic Anginal can cause an allergic reaction (burning and swelling of the mucosa), with individual intolerance to one of the components of the composition. The price of the drug is from 400 to 460 rubles.

The drug Isofra in the form of a nasal spray is made on the basis of the aminoglycoside framycitin. This active ingredient has antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The medicine is prescribed for bacterial pharyngitis and sinusitis, rhinopharyngitis and sinusitis, applied intranasally (through the nose), 1 injection 3-4 times a day. The therapy is well tolerated, may cause adverse dermatological reactions. The price of a bottle of 15 ml is 310–465 rubles.

The combined preparation for topical use in the form of a spray of Polydex contains neomycin sulfate, polymexin sulfate, dexamethasone sodium metasulfabenzoate. The components of the composition have a vasoconstrictive and antibacterial effect, relieve swelling from the mucous membranes, ensuring free airway patency. Nasal spray is used to treat purulent bacterial inflammation of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses.

The dosage is 2-3 injections in each nasal passage per day, for 7-10 days. The drug is not prescribed for kidney disease, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and hypertension. The drug can cause dryness in the nasopharynx, allergic reactions on the skin, with prolonged use - tachycardia, insomnia, increased pressure. The price of a bottle of 15 ml is from 310 to 440 rubles.

Antibiotic immunostimulating throat spray Octenisept is made on the basis of octenidine and phenoxyethanol. These active ingredients effectively destroy a number of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, yeast fungi, lipophilic viruses (including hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex and dermatophytes). The medicine is used for local treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, healing of burns and purulent wounds, bedsores and trophic ulcers.

With a bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract, the patient is prescribed 1-2 irrigations of 20 ml (4-6 seconds), 2-3 times a day, for 10-14 days. During treatment, there may be a feeling of bitterness in the mouth, burning and dryness in the nose and throat. The use of the spray is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to its components. The price for a bottle of 250 ml is from 650 to 970 rubles.