Psychology. Theoretical aspects of the study of psychological service in a travel agency

tourist psychological interactive

Elements of psychology in tourism

The psychology of tourism refers to social psychology, more precisely, to that part of it that studies the relationship of people during recreation, explores the motivations associated with tourist migrations and services. We can say that the applied psychology of tourism studies behavior in connection with the economic, social, labor and cultural aspects of tourism activities. One of the most important factors in the work of any travel agency is understanding what customers want. You should understand the reason that prompted them to choose this or that tour, their expectations from the trip. In other words, understand the whole range of motives. A. Maslow's theory of human needs motivations is the most popular. In his works “Motives and Personality” and “The Theory of Human Motivations”, a pyramid of needs is substantiated, at the base of which are the most fundamental, and at the top - personal. Hierarchies of needs are outlined by him as follows:

• - all human needs can be grouped into five large groups in the form of a pyramid. Once one of the needs is satisfied, another takes its place. Higher needs are the most difficult to satisfy;
• - in order for motivation to satisfy a particular need to arise, it is necessary to satisfy a need located in a lower rank. When a need arises, the body automatically tries to satisfy it by creating adequate behavior; Satisfaction of needs is a very important factor and determines behavior.

Consider the needs of a person according to A. Maslow:

• 1) physiological primary needs are of the greatest importance for a person. When these needs are largely satisfied, the base of the pyramid can generate motivations to satisfy needs at higher levels;
• 2) security needs have as their goal the search for protection against danger or any threat. They can be physical (accidents) or economic (economic instability or unemployment);
• 3) the needs of relationships, or social, become important when a person is confident in his well-being and security. It becomes important for a person to be accepted by other people, to be a member of a group, to achieve recognition;
• 4) psychological needs - respect or self-love - relate to the status of communication with others, the desire for knowledge and success. At this level of values, there is trust and recognition from others. Satisfying this need, the individual strives for self-affirmation and independence;
• 5) the needs of self-expression and development associated with the internal state of a person are at the top of the pyramid. These are the needs of creating and realizing one's own "I". For implementation, significant internal potential and a high cultural level are required. According to Maslow, all steps of this pyramid must be completed gradually. Also, a person can simultaneously be on several levels at the same time, but this does not mean 100% satisfaction of needs in everyday life when moving to each higher level. A. Maslow believes that needs are satisfied (on average): physiological - by 80%, safety - by 70%, social - by 50%, psychological - by 40% and self-expression - by 100%.

• - physical motivations on vacation: sports, recreation on the beaches, health-improving training, etc. All these motivations have a common aspect: to reduce fatigue and tension through vigorous physical activity and thus achieve a new physical condition through rest.
• -cultural motivations can be identified as a desire to know other parts of the country with a different culture, history, architecture.
• -social motivations, or relationships between people, include the desire to meet new people, visit friends.
• -Motivations for changing activities or geographical location involve getting out of the routine associated with work or daily activities, moving into a new geographical environment.
• - status and prestige motivations are associated with the "I" of a person and his personal development. These motives can be associated, for example, with business travel, trips to congresses, study. The desire for recognition, attention and good reputation can be satisfied very broadly and deeply through travel.
• entertainment motivation is associated with the desire to have fun (dance, sports, music, walks).

The psychology of tourist needs covers the study of all psychological aspects of the client: his behavior, motivation, desires, cultural and other needs, based on:

• - motivation and desires of the tourist;
• - typology of tourist clientele;

Travelers can be classified according to the types identified by the American psychologist Stanley Plog:

Psychocentric (concentrating on themselves) and egocentric (extroverted behavior). Psychocentrics prefer: to travel with families in strictly defined places; active joint recreation in familiar areas; resorts where there is a lot of sun and a good quality of rest; little activity; places that can be reached by car; tourist comfort with a developed network of hotels, restaurants, shops; home environment (familiar cuisine, family atmosphere, absence of foreigners); a complete package of very intensive excursions.

Egocentrics prefer active and varied entertainment; adventure and thrill in life; travel to satisfy curiosity. The greatest attraction is seen in underdeveloped tourist areas. They try to use air transport as much as possible, they are demanding in terms of living conditions, good nutrition. For them, “modernity” is not obligatory, more precisely, following fashion, since they are not interested in promoted, “hackneyed” resorts and attractions. They prefer to get acquainted with a new culture and communicate with foreigners. If there are excursions in the program, they do not accept strict schedules and require the maximum degree of freedom and independence. The adaptation of this classification on Russian soil is a controversial and difficult issue. And we will not be able to give unambiguous answers for a long time, because the constantly traveling stratum of society, firstly, is small, and secondly, it is still in a state of formation of preferences.

Psychological tourism is a new interesting and popular type of tourism. The emergence of this type of tourism is associated with the need to take a break from the fast pace of life in cities, recover from stress, acquire new knowledge and skills, the ability to combine travel and self-development.

What is psychological tourism?

The modern pace of life, frequent stress, fuss lead to a rapid waste of energy, and the inability to rest properly and lack of time for rest aggravate the situation: human health is deteriorating. Psychological tourism can help to recover, the purpose of which is to harmonize the human condition, self-development and self-improvement. Psiturism allows you to take a break in life and identify the reserves of the individual for recovery.

It is known that a person gets tired both physically and emotionally. Negative emotions (anger, fear) deplete the nervous system, making it more vulnerable and sensitive to stress. Over time, performance decreases, and you have to make more efforts to complete tasks, as the body gets tired and needs rest. Constant emotional stress is unsettling and can lead to depression or other mental disorders such as phobic anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attacks, etc.

Psychological tourism promotes emotional "reboot", getting rid of negative experiences. This is an interesting trip, where you can get new emotions, exciting experiences, acquire valuable knowledge and skills. Such tourism combines the pleasant and the useful: rest and the acquisition of psychological skills of self-regulation, relaxation, the development of the ability to manage personal time, effective communication. Usually the trip lasts 1-2 weeks.

Varieties of psychological tourism:

• hike with a coach-psychologist and guide,
• a trip abroad with the passage of trainings on self-development,
• a trip to a big city with excursions, trainings,
• eco-tourism: knowledge of the surrounding world + self-knowledge and acquisition of new psychological skills. Most often, such tourists live in tents in nature.

The components of psitourism are: new knowledge, disclosure of personal potential, emotional "reboot", self-development, relaxation. The psitourism program is a combination of travel, outdoor recreation with personal development, self-knowledge.

This type of tourism allows you to leave your worries and your usual way of life for a while and engage in the knowledge of your soul and restoration in nature. Finding himself in a new environment, a person develops new adaptation strategies, meets new people, learns new useful information from a psychologist. All this contributes to emotional unloading, it becomes possible to look at the world in a new way and master previously unknown horizons.

Psychological tourism as a rest for body and soul

In each journey, a main theme is chosen. It is closely intertwined with the choice of place of residence, excursions, sightseeing, etc. The topic of the trip is known in advance, the psychologist can slightly adjust the topic if there is a request from the group.

Usually the group consists of 12-14 tourists (this is the optimal number) and a coach-psychologist. He makes a program of psychological trainings. The psychologist also works with each participant of the developmental journey in order to teach them to get rid of bad and negative thoughts, to master the skills of self-regulation and meditation. The organizers of the trip often travel with the group to make the trip more comfortable and well planned.

What is included in the program of psychological tourism?

The basis of psychological tourism is the basic provisions of Gestalt therapy. The main purpose of this type of recreation is to find inner harmony and psychological integrity, accept oneself, fill life with meaning, harmonize relations with the world with the help of specially organized psychological assistance, trainings and classes. Many interesting techniques are used in psiturism, such as photo and video therapy, etc.

The program of psychological tourism often includes:

What is psychological tourism for and what does it give a person?

Thus, psychological tourism is a new and effective way of recreation. It helps to get rid of psychological stress and restore a person’s working capacity, expands the horizons of personal development, forms the ability to take responsibility for organizing one’s life and way of thinking, helps to acquire new effective coping strategies and skills to cope with stressful situations. This is a great opportunity to relax, develop and know yourself.

Psychological tourism (psitourism) is a completely new direction of tourism that is gaining popularity. This type of tourism appeared in response to the ever-increasing pace of life and the level of stress in people living in megacities. People have forgotten how to have a good rest and recuperate, and constant stress at work, noise and haste - all this has a detrimental effect on our well-being and health. Weekends for a good rest in such conditions are not enough. Therefore, psitourism appeared and began to develop, which will appeal to those who want to relax at sea, and at the same time have time to pay attention to their self-development and self-improvement.

What is psitourism?

Psychological tourism is aimed at the physical and mental state of a person exhausted by the stresses and problems typical of city dwellers and careerists. Many residents of megacities suffer from depression, mental disorders. To get out of such a "swamp" it is best to make an "emotional reset". The ideal option for such a reboot is a trip, new acquaintances, everything that “pulls out” from ordinary reality, where you can forget about everything that is left at home. Such a vacation is the perfect combination of educational excursions and new knowledge in some interesting area of ​​\u200b\u200bself-development.

If you just go on vacation, then upon returning all the problems return in any case, but after training in self-development or time management, or communication, or motivation and goal setting, or meditation and relaxation, people return not only rested and inspired, but and armed with specific skills and knowledge that will help solve some problems, or even direct life in a fundamentally new direction.

Today there are different directions of psychological tourism:

• a trip to another country or city to undergo some kind of training, which includes interesting excursions,
• ecotourism (most often this happens in nature, participants live in tents, learn about the world around them and acquire some useful skills),
• hike with a psychologist and a guide, etc.

Effective psychological tourism includes a psychological "reboot", gaining new skills, quality relaxation, unlocking one's potential and self-development. Such a vacation should be combined with the knowledge of other cultures, meeting new people and self-development.

Tourist program

As a rule, the trip is devoted to a specific topic, based on which the most suitable place to stay, seminars and excursions are selected. The most optimal number of participants is from 10-12 to 15 people. Usually such a group is accompanied by a trainer-psychologist, who draws up the training program itself, and also helps all participants to relax and achieve harmony. Also, such a group is usually accompanied by people responsible for organizing comfortable conditions for participants.

If the program is selected correctly, then the participants return physically and morally restored and full of fresh ideas.

You have to try to understand if this type of tourism is suitable, but this direction is steadily gaining more and more fans.

It is very important for hikers to take into account the psychological aspects of tourism, the possible indecent behavior of the hikers, which can manifest itself in extreme situations. These are heavy long-term physical exertion on the entire body, the exactingness of discipline on the part of the leader, oxygen starvation at its best.

Aspects of tourism. Psychology on the go

The successful passage of the entire route, and even the life of its participants, often depends on a competent and thoughtful decision from the situation that has arisen. It is very good when a group gathers from participants who have known each other for many years and have previously gone on joint trips. But there are other options.

In the seventies, when I did not yet have enough experience in understanding the psychology of people in extreme situations, on my initiative (then I worked as a senior instructor of the regional tourism council), a republican tourist expedition was organized to lay new sports-planned tourist mountain routes

The route passed along the northern spurs of the Ugam ridge and along the northwestern spurs of the Talas Ala-Tao - Dzhabaglytau, Alatau Bugulytortau. In this mountainous, impassable country, there is the Aksu-Zhabagly nature reserve, which occupies 128 thousand hectares, created back in 1926. Two large mountain rivers flow through the reserve - Aksu and Zhabagly, the staff of the reserve does not rise to their upper reaches because of their impassability. They told me about this when I coordinated our route. And they also talked about the presence of a bigfoot (yeti) in the mountains, presumably in the upper reaches of these rivers.

To participate in the expedition, the Republican Tourism Council sent representatives from Karaganda, Pavlodar and Alma-Ata as participants, I selected the rest myself from Chimkent. The route was designed for 10 days and for the passage of five passes, of which three were supposed to be first ascents. There were 9 people in the group, not counting a large stray dog ​​that joined us at the beginning of the route.

In the first two days we passed one pass (2800 m, grade 1A) and went down to the cordon of the Darbaza reserve, where the huntsman lived with his family. The path was technically easy along the trail, with a smooth climb and the same smooth descent, but in the evening the back ached from heavy backpacks and required rest. From the cordon to the west, a dirt road went to a small village, where a bus from Chimkent came once a day. And to the east, the road entered the stone gates of a rocky corridor 5-8 meters wide, 80-100 meters high and 500 meters long. The mountain river Bala-Baldarbek rushed along the narrow deep bottom of the corridor.

Looking at this corridor from the side, it seemed that a long narrow passage in the mountain range had been cut down with a sword. The huntsman told us that until 1953, a narrow-gauge railway ran from the corridor to the village, where there were workshops and a base for crushing and loading rock containing uranium ores. In the morning we walked along this dark, gloomy corridor, then along the river we turned to the right along the way and entered a wide gorge with high rocky walls.

Gradually, the gorge narrowed, and finally, by noon, we reached the walls, from which the river fell in numerous waterfalls. Here, in a birch grove, we set up tents, and while dinner was being prepared, we began to look for a way up into the hanging valley in two bundles. While they were looking for an easier climb up, while they hung three forty railings, they found three adits of 50 meters each, then there were blockages and several platforms on which guard booths used to stand.

In one of the adits, in a side opening, by the light of a flashlight, they saw a human skeleton chained to the wall with a five-meter chain. Below, in the valley of the gorge, they later discovered five more adits at the base of the rocky walls. And in the valley itself there are the remains of the stone walls of the barracks, in which the prisoners lived from 1944 to 1953. Given the difficulty of climbing the Hanging Valley and the further uncertainty of the path, I decided to organize a “delivery” of products here and go through a three-day circular route.

The next morning we went up the railing with lightweight backpacks. However, rock climbing required a lot of effort. After that, seeing that the ascent was getting easier, I allowed two Chimkent men to go ahead (they had a hunting rifle) to shoot wild pigeons, and after half an hour I made a 15-minute halt. At this time, two shots were fired ahead.

A participant from Pavlodar (let's call him Comrade Zelentsov) jumped to his feet and, turning to me, shouted: “Pavel Nikolaevich, you hear, they are killing the doves of peace! We must stop them urgently.” There was something unusual in his gestures and in the meaning of his words. I had a feeling that this was the beginning of a bad ending. Need to do something. He approached him and calmly began to convince him that he was tired, and he needed to return to the camp, accompanied by two experienced tourists. He immediately turned to these guys, suggesting that they go down to the camp and wait for us. The guys began to ask me to leave Zelentsov with the group, that they would help him complete the route. Zelentsov himself was silent. When the rest of the participants began to ask me to leave Zelentsov, I was forced to agree, and we continued to climb the high mountain valley without paths, over stones.

The trip took place at the end of September. The snowfields on the southern slopes are almost gone. The right orographically shallow tributary of the Shunkulduk River came out from under the stones, there was no further water. Below, about a hundred meters away, are the last bushes of elfin juniper, so they were forced to clear the ground from the stones and organize an overnight stay. In the morning we continued to climb along the rocky valley of Baldarbek to the spur, extending from the main ridge of the Ugam ridge. This spur and its further forks are called Baldarbek Mountains. The sources of the Baldarbek valley are located in a huge circus. On the right along the main ridge of the Ugamsky ridge, the Korumtor pass (3300 m, grade 2A) is visible. Right along the way, in the east, you can see the pass, which I will call Zapadny Dzhetytor in two years (3455 m, grade 1B).

Behind this pass there are seven small hanging trough glaciers, and behind them there is a pass through the Ugamsky ridge, which I called Vostochny Dzhetytor (3550 m, grade 1B). Under these names, they entered the All-Union classification. In the north, to the left along the way, there is a saddle of the Baldarbek pass (3300 m, 1B grade). Here on this pass we started climbing along a long, rocky-stony slope with a steepness of about 40 degrees. The ascent to the pass lasted about three hours, by lunchtime I climbed the pass with the main group and found a note from Tashkent tourists dated 1962 on the tour. The note was 10 years old.

An hour has passed since we got up here, and no one is visible from below. Finally, in the distance, the figure of Sasha Shulakov appeared, who waved his hand, inviting to him. I went down to them in 15 minutes, saw all three of them behind the rock and heard from Alexander that Zelentsov, when ascending, began to hide from them behind the rocky islands, referring to fatigue. On the offer to unload it, he refused and did not give the backpack. In the backpack, in addition to his personal belongings, there should have been 2 kg of buckwheat.

Then the guys took away the backpack and shook out the contents. In addition to buckwheat, there were three cans of condensed milk, two cans of stew and two chocolate bars in the backpack. He took these products without permission from the “abandonment”. Simply put, I stole it. To the question: “Why did he do this?”, he answered: “What if you leave me alone in the mountains?”. After assessing the situation, I came to the conclusion that it was dangerous to go further along the ring route with him. We must return to the base camp. "It's only the beginning! Oh oh oh!" He sent Volodya Kuznetsov upstairs to explain what had happened to those sitting on the pass, waited for them to descend and all together went down, repeating: "God judge him." It was I who now ironically remembered the verse of Nikolai Nekrasov, and then I was very sad that I had not insisted on my decision earlier with sending Zelentsov back to the camp.

We descended to the water and creeping juniper, spent the night and the next day in the evening descended to the base camp. Here we were in for a pleasant surprise. A stray dog ​​was sitting near the food “throw”, laid with stones, guarding the food and waiting for us. I decided to make a day trip, but not in the former camp of political prisoners, but below, in a wide valley with birch and rowan islands in autumn golden-orange color, near the Bala-Baldarbek river. They warmed water in buckets at the fire, from cobblestones, honeysuckle trunks and tarpaulins they created a black sauna, since there was a lot of firewood to heat the stones red-hot. Washed, washed underwear. Everyone's mood has improved, and you can sing songs with a guitar by the fire, which we did.

The next day, I decided to leave Zelentsov with two participants in the camp, and with the rest to make a ring route through the Burevestnik-2 and Neizvestny passes, located at the head of the Bala-Baldarbek river and leading to the Ulkenak-Su river. As darkness fell, everyone went to bed. About three hours later I woke up with a feeling of some kind of vague anxiety, got out of the tent and began to check the presence of the participants in the other two tents, feeling and counting the legs. One pair of legs was missing. I had to wake up all the guys, and it turned out that Zelentsov was not there, although all his things, a sleeping bag and a backpack were in place. There was no dog either. In the predawn twilight we examined the river bank, Zelentsov's trousers and jacket lay on the stones.

Gloomy assumptions and bad thoughts climbed into my head. He sent three down the river to inspect the banks, two to the surrounding area, and he himself with two comrades went up the river. The river, though full-flowing, but not enough to knock down. It can be forded, because here, in a gentle valley, the speed of the current decreases. But the water is very cold. We went up about a kilometer, found nothing, except for a small herd of roe deer and the grunting of wild boars. We moved away from the river and went down the path. Ahead, we heard excited voices and saw two of our guys, Zelentsov and a dog, near the haystack that the huntsman had prepared. It turns out that when the guys went up the path and reached the mound, a dog got out of it, and then Zelentsov in shorts and a T-shirt. When asked why he ended up here, Zelentsov said that, fearing beatings from the guys, he spent the night in a haystack hugging a dog.

In the camp, I gathered all the participants and announced that I was taking Zelentsov off the route and sending him through the ranger's cordon to the nearest village, accompanied by two guys. In the evening, according to the schedule, a regular bus to Chimkent was supposed to leave this village. Gave Zelentsov money for the journey. In order not to be offended by the attendants, he arranged a lottery for the group. Just in case, he made the minutes of the meeting with his decision and asked those present to sign.

Having sent Zelentsov and his entourage, giving them the appropriate instructions, we took all the food and went up the path along the Bala-Baldarbek riverbed to its sources, two gorges with caravan glaciers. Having organized a base camp in front of the moraines, and leaving two participants, I and the rest made a radial exit to the Burevestnik-2 pass (3350 m, grade 2A). Climbing a semi-hanging glacial cirque along three high moraine shafts (about 100-150 meters high) is relatively easy. Exit to the pass on a snowy slope. On the rocky saddle of the pass we saw two bearded mountain goats with high curved horns, jumping gracefully over the rocks. From the pass you can clearly see Sairam Peak and four-thousandth peaks around it. But the descent from the pass along rocky couloirs and steep rock slabs requires climbing equipment and appropriate training, and, of course, time. But we didn’t have time anymore, it was spent on Zelentsov’s whims, so we went down from the pass along the way to the base camp.

By evening, two escorts, Edik Kripulevich and Gena Sleptsov, came up. They successfully completed my order. Early the next morning, having taken all the food and equipment, we began to climb the pass, first along a large scree, and then along a steep rocky slope (up to 45 degrees). We hung three railing ropes, and approached a rocky jumper 30 meters high. The first went climbing without a backpack, hammering rocky hooks and hanging carabiners along the way, organized a top belay, and we all climbed a narrow rocky saddle. They called the pass ‘‘Brigantina‘‘, its height is about 3500 meters. Subsequently, they qualified him as 2A K. sl. When we sat on the pass and had a dry lunch, we heard the scream of the Himalayan snowcock, and then we saw how this mountain chicken flies from rock to rock. We met Kekliks many times, but snowcocks - for the first time.

The descent from the pass is quite steep (about 40 degrees) along the firn slope to a small cirque glacier about 200 meters long. The tongue of the glacier ends with an icefall, which bypasses on the right along the rocks. Below is a small moraine lake, then several moraine ridges, from under which a high-water stream appears. It is the left tributary of the Ulkenak-Su river. The slope is covered with yellow-greenish withered grass and pitted with burrows of Menzbir's red marmot. Most of the holes are already filled from the inside with earth. It's September, the marmots go into hibernation. We went down the stream to its confluence with the Ulkenak-Su River (translated as “Big White Water”). A high-water, furious stream, moving stones, sawed through a deep channel in a narrow gorge.

Leaving backpacks and a few people, the guys and I went up a barely noticeable path, most likely an animal one, because after 15 minutes we saw a small brown Tien Shan white-clawed bear walking along the path. He snorted displeasedly, with the agility of an acrobat quickly climbed the rocky slope and disappeared into the thickets of the Turkestan tree-like juniper. After walking for another half an hour before the avalanche from the right rocky couloir, we saw a white skull with large steep horns of an argali (mountain sheep) in the stones. It looked good, and there was a great temptation to take it with you, but it weighed 15 kilograms. I had to leave it. The gorge narrowed further and turned into a narrow canyon, turning smoothly to the east. In a southerly direction, a saddle was visible in the distance, either in the main crest of the ridge, or in its spur.

We turned back and an hour later we went down to the comrades who were waiting for us, another half an hour later we went down to the confluence of Ulken-Aksu and Kshiak-Su (in translation - “Little White Water”). These two high-water seething streams form the Aksu River, which rushes down, entraining huge boulders and sawing a deep channel in the rock. A dull roar stands over the river. Here the gorge widens, and we descend already through a high juniper forest, which creates an unusual, unique look of the landscape. And the air! Archa releases volatile essential oils, and phytoncides purify and heal the air, creating a stable antimicrobial zone. Therefore, the yeti (snowman) living in these places is so tall and large. The huntsman of the Aksu cordon, located fifteen kilometers further down the right bank of the canyon, said that he had seen several times a shaggy, fur-clad mighty man at the end of autumn on the first snow.

About three hours later, walking along animal paths along the left wooded slope, we traversed to the exit of the gorge from the mountains. The mountain gorge gradually turned into a unique natural phenomenon - the Aksu canyon. This is a huge crack in the earth's crust. From the exit from the mountains to the narrowing, it stretches for 18 km, the maximum width between the edges reaches 400-500 meters. Depth up to 500-600 m. The steep and straight walls of the canyon sometimes fall to a depth of 200 meters. In some places they form shelves and small terraces, which are replaced by steep cornices, turning into vertical walls.

Such a variety of slope character can be observed along almost the entire length of the canyon. Juniper forests and light forests of evergreen, tall junipers in the gorge are replaced by wild apple forests from the relic Sievers apple tree, broad-leaved forests from the relic Caucasian frame (iron tree). There are walnut and oak groves. Therefore, many wild boars, roe deer, badgers, foxes, hares, stone martens, weasels live in the canyon, and bears come here for the winter. There are many caves, grottoes, cavities in the steep slopes of the canyon. A month after the trip, I came to the huntsman, left the motorcycle with him and, at his prompt, found a 200-meter descent along a steep path to the bottom of the canyon. In caves and cavities, on shelves under cornices, I looked for mumiyo and, being there, I had the opportunity to verify the presence of various animals inhabiting the forests of the canyon.

At the exit from the Aksu gorge, in the foothills, on the outskirts of the juniper forests, we found numerous oblong earthen hills hiding the stone foundations of former buildings. Later, when reading the archival history of people settling in these regions, I learned that there was a fortress and a settlement here. A good location: from the north - an impenetrable abyss, from the east and south - mountains, and from the west - city walls made of stone. That would be here for archaeologists to dig.

We completed our expedition in a small village, where the former base of prisoners who mined uranium ore was isolated and guarded. Now it is quiet here, and only a day later a regular bus comes here, rumbling and raising road dust. Behind us was not completely passed the route, but the impressions of what he saw and experienced - a lot. I still remember. Especially the quirks of mother nature, which gave birth to man and the diversity of all life that fills our land and especially mountains. Mountains are alive too.

Returning to the original topic of my essay - about inadequate psychological behavior of a person in extreme conditions, which can lead to a sad outcome, I will briefly talk about two more cases. At the camp site ‘‘Gorelnik‘’, above the city of Alma-Ata, at the school of mountain tourism instructors, classes were held on rappelling on a sheer cliff. The graduating instructor (master of sports V. Popov) on a small platform checks a student for the descent (we will conditionally call him Blokov), I stand almost nearby, waiting for my turn.

Suddenly Blok's face contorted in pain, he began to shake, his body contorted. I, instantly understanding what was happening, grabbed him by the shoulders and pressed him to the ground, pressing down with his whole body. He twitched for another five minutes in convulsions and then calmed down. Blokov came with me from Chimkent. There I heard from comrades that he sometimes had epileptic seizures. He has been engaged in tourism for a long time, under his leadership a group of young people was formed, whom he led on weekend hikes. He played the guitar and sang well. He had a great desire to be trained in the school of instructors. But it could have ended tragically, the cliff was nearby, and he had not yet been on insurance. We must pay tribute to the leadership of the school, which allowed him to complete the entire course of study and participate in the test campaign. During that period, he had no epileptic seizures.

The second case took place in the alpine camp ‘‘Talgar‘‘ at the stage of a set of ascents to the 3rd category. From early morning until evening we were in training sessions or climbing the peaks. In the evening, in the circle of the department, the instructor analyzed and evaluated our actions. At the next debriefing, an instructor from Krasnoyarsk, A. Kholmogorov, began to talk about the general moral climate of the department, which is made up of the behavior of its individual participants. If one of the participants, in addition to the general meal at a certain time and in a certain amount, constantly chews something in a sleeping bag or when moving on a route, then this causes a negative reaction and alienation in the rest, which in extreme conditions can cause undesirable consequences.

A. Kholmogorov set out all this delicately, without naming names. But then we realized what we were talking about. We had a friend from Norilsk who kept onions, lard and stew in his backpack. There, in the city of Norilsk, he was undernourished due to the specific living conditions. I learned this from him when I once got into a conversation with him. He didn’t steal, he just asked for more in the kitchen in the camp, and he ate onions like bread. But the rest did not know this and might think something bad.

All these subtleties of the psychological aspects of tourism need to be known to the leader of the group in order to create a healthy moral atmosphere by their actions in a timely manner and avoid the manifestation of negative actions that lead to sad consequences. Live and learn! Read, listen, understand and analyze your own and extraneous actions. The more you know, the more pleasant it is to communicate with people and nature. ‘‘Otherwise, why do we live on this eternal land?’

Pavel Kamaev.

In the modern tourism business, a new direction has appeared - psychological tourism or, as it is also called, psi-tourism. The emergence of such a direction, first of all, is due to the tense rhythm of life in modern society, especially in big cities and metropolitan areas, which does not allow one to relax and constantly keeps a person in suspense.

Fuss, noise, haste, constant stress have a devastating effect on the mental and physical state of each person. Weekends do not always provide an opportunity to fully restore the normal state of the body. Therefore, there is only one hope for a vacation. But how do you spend your vacation? For those who do not know how to spend their holidays properly, psychological tourism will come to the rescue, which will provide effective assistance to every vacationer.

So what does psychological tourism include? To date, psychological tourism is a specially developed technology for the restoration and support of human mental health in modern conditions. It is well known that the nervous system of a person and his body as a whole are overworked not so much by physical and mental labor, but rather by the emotions that he receives throughout his activity. A bad state of mind, fear, anger and a number of other negative emotions that, by their action, deprive a person of vigor, lead to loss of balance, loss of strength, loss of peace of mind and depression.

In order to get rid of this state, you need to reboot, change the environment, completely relax, gain new emotions and put your life on a new track. The combination of an interesting holiday with the acquisition of new useful psychological skills and abilities will be exactly what psychological tourism is. During such a vacation, a person will be able to relax, as well as learn effective communications, time management, and quick relaxation.

Forms of psychological tourism

Among the many forms of psychological tourism, the following types will be the main ones:

Journey to the mountains with a guide and a psychologist,
- trips to various resorts, where the rest is accompanied by training,
- ecotourism, where a person will have the opportunity to immerse himself in the magical world of nature. During such programs, tourists live in tents and in exceptionally clean natural conditions,
- civilized tourism. It is held in modern cities according to special programs, which are accompanied by special training.

Ideally, psychological tourism is a combination of travel and recreation in new interesting places with the knowledge of the world of the soul, acquaintance with the hidden forces that are hidden inside each of us.

In such tours, a group of tourists is accompanied by a qualified specialist who draws up a special program of trainings and mediations, which will subsequently contribute to the achievement of a state of harmony, help to completely relax, and get rid of negative influences.

The complex of psychological tourism includes recreation, training, psychological relief, disclosure of one's inner potential and development.

In a fairly short period of time, a person will be able to have a good rest, as well as learn meditation techniques, communication skills, energy breathing and much more.

After a properly selected course, a person after returning home feels a surge of strength and energy. He is completely renewed both spiritually and emotionally and physically. His whole being is filled with fresh ideas and a willingness to create and reach new frontiers.

After such a rest, the atmosphere in the family and at work improves significantly. And all due to the fact that the very perception of life has changed, the energy resources of the body have been restored, and negative behavioral strategies can be corrected.