When poisoned by poisonous mushrooms. Mushroom poisoning: treatment and consequences

Mushroom poisoning is very dangerous. When eating poisonous varieties of mushrooms, symptoms can appear instantly, and lead to rapid death. This article discusses how long mushroom poisoning occurs, what are its first symptoms and signs.

What mushrooms can be poisoned

The type of poisonous mushroom eaten depends on how long the first symptoms and signs of poisoning appear. Usually, they develop within 1 day. You can get poisoned both by poisonous varieties of mushrooms, and by improperly prepared edible mushrooms, or collected in a polluted area.

The most dangerous poisonous mushrooms include:

Death cap. After entering the stomach, its toxins are instantly absorbed into the bloodstream and affect the liver. In its composition, the pale grebe has dangerous toxic substances - phalloin, amanitin, phalloidin. Pale grebe can be randomly collected in August and early autumn during this period of time it matures.
Amanitas (white, red, smelly) affect mainly the nervous system. Ripen from August to October. They are poisonous due to muscarine and hyoscyamine - the strongest poisons.
Talker (whitish, reddish). Poisoning with this fungus is similar to intoxication caused by fly agaric. It also contains muscarine in its composition. Talkers negatively affect the work of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Bile and satanic mushrooms in their appearance are very similar to white mushrooms. Due to such external similarity with the most popular edible mushroom, poisoning by them is very common. These mushrooms are found throughout Russia. They affect the digestive system.
Lines. Can lead to rapid death. Many mistakenly consider them edible.

Also, you can get poisoned by any canned mushrooms that are infected with botulism.

How quickly do the first symptoms appear?

After how many hours the first symptoms of mushroom poisoning appear, it depends on the type of mushroom and the amount eaten. The first signs of mushroom poisoning may develop after 20-30 minutes, or after several hours.

Below we consider the time after which mushroom poisoning manifests itself, the symptoms and mechanisms of mushroom poisoning.

Edible mushroom poisoning

Edible types of mushrooms can cause food poisoning in the following cases:

If they were collected in a contaminated area.
If they have deteriorated, and pathogenic bacteria have started in them.
With insufficient heat treatment of mushroom dishes.

What are the main signs of mushroom poisoning, how long do they occur? Symptoms of food poisoning when eating low-quality edible mushrooms develop during the first day. The speed of their appearance depends on the amount eaten.

The main symptoms include:

Intoxication, in which body temperature can rise to subfebrile figures (37.0-37.5). A poisoned person develops general weakness, a headache may occur.
Nausea and vomiting. Vomit contains food debris, it may contain bile and gastric juice. Vomiting can be repeated, up to 10 times a day.
Diarrhea can occur up to 10-15 times a day.
Abdominal pain.
Increased gas formation.
Belching with a bitter taste.

This condition is dangerous by the development of dehydration, which, due to profuse vomiting and diarrhea, can occur several hours after the first symptoms of poisoning appear. The main symptoms of dehydration:

Feeling of dryness in the mouth.
Decreased tone of the eyeballs and skin.
Tachycardia.
Lowering blood pressure.
Decreased amount of urine.
With severe dehydration, consciousness is disturbed.

Once in the stomach, the toxins of the white toadstool are absorbed into the blood. Getting into the liver, they destroy hepatocytes (liver cells), affect their structures. As a result, acute liver failure develops. In addition to destroying the liver, pale toadstool toxins have the following effects on the body:

They affect the functioning of the central nervous system, destroy nerve cells and the connections between them (synapses).
Lead to hypoglycemia - a sharp decrease in blood sugar levels.
They destroy the small vessels (capillaries) that provide blood to the intestines.

Please note that the pale grebe is similar to champignons and russula, and while picking mushrooms, it can be accidentally picked.

How long does it take for the first manifestations of toadstool intoxication to appear? In most cases, the first symptoms may appear within an hour. They become most pronounced after 6-8 hours.

In 60-70% of cases, pale grebe poisoning is fatal. Even with timely medical care, it is not possible to save the patient.

The disease begins with the "classic" symptoms of poisoning: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. The patient develops severe gastroenteritis. Then the following symptoms develop:

Tachycardia is a rapid heartbeat. The number of heart beats per minute can exceed up to 120-140.
An increase in body temperature to 38.0-39.5 degrees. Hyperthermia develops due to severe intoxication.
Dizziness. This symptom is the first sign of damage to the central nervous system.
Diarrhea becomes profuse, stools may become dark.
Myalgia develops - pain in the skeletal muscles.
Breathlessness. The patient's breathing becomes frequent and superficial, and respiratory failure develops in the future.
Violation of consciousness. After a certain period of time (on average, after 10-12 hours), the patient, against the background of intoxication and multiple organ failure, is loaded and falls into a coma. He may develop convulsions throughout his body.

Death occurs in a short time, 1-2 days. Early treatment can save the patient.

Amanitas are very bright and cute in appearance. They can be eaten by a small child, mistaking them for sweetness or candy.

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The first manifestation of fly agaric poisoning occurs after a very short time. During the first few hours, after eating fly agaric, toxins damage the nervous and digestive systems. The following symptoms develop:

Severe pain in the abdomen. First, the patient may feel a burning sensation in the stomach, then pain spreads throughout the abdomen.
Increased salivation and lacrimation is caused by the influence of muscarine on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Nausea, and profuse vomiting which brings no relief. It is caused by damage to the vomiting center in the brain.
Profuse diarrhea. The feces are liquid, you can see streaks of blood in it.
At the beginning of the disease, the patient is in an excited state, he does not find a place for himself, is overactive. But after a few hours, he becomes lethargic and indifferent to everything.
Hypotension is a decrease in blood pressure.
Bradycardia is a slow heartbeat.
Violation of consciousness. The patient ceases to answer questions, respond to touch, does not follow commands. He gradually boots into a coma. He may develop convulsions throughout the body, involuntarily pass urine and feces.
Respiratory arrest and clinical death develop as a result of inhibition of vital centers in the brain.

Remember that fly agarics are dangerous and poisonous in any form. The preparation of folk medicines from them can lead to rapid death.

Talker

The talker, in its composition, is similar to fly agaric. But the amount and concentration of toxic substances in it is ten times higher. If poisoned with talkers, the first symptoms may develop in a few minutes.

A person who has been poisoned by talkers develops the following symptoms:

The patient begins to sweat profusely, he begins to actively produce saliva and tears.
Slow heart rate, breathing, lowering blood pressure.
Profuse vomiting and diarrhea, which lead to the rapid development of dehydration.
Falling into a coma.

Satanic and gall mushrooms

These mushrooms are very similar to the white mushroom. A distinctive feature is the bright color of the legs and a bitter taste. The first symptoms of poisoning develop after 2-3 hours, they consist of:

Profuse vomiting.
Nausea.
Diarrhea.
Severe pain in the abdomen.
Increased gas formation.
Violation of consciousness (stupor, coma).

Stitches are very dangerous mushrooms. The toxins that they contain can lead to the destruction of blood cells, liver and damage to the central nervous system. The first symptoms do not appear immediately, but after 1-2 days, after they are eaten.

Clinical signs of line poisoning include:

Jaundice of the mucous membranes and skin, general weakness develop due to hemolysis (decay) of red blood cells. Red blood cells are cells that transport oxygen to all organs and tissues of the body. When they break down, hemolytic anemia develops.
Depression of the central nervous system. The patient may develop headache, convulsions. With a severe defeat, there is a loss of consciousness, and falling into a coma.

Many people believe that stitches, with sufficient heat treatment, become safe. The toxins contained in these mushrooms can be neutralized by long cooking. But you should not risk your health, because it is not always possible to calculate the right cooking time.

Canned mushroom poisoning

Botulism is one of the most severe foodborne infections. The bacteria that cause it develop in an environment where there is no oxygen. Canned food is the most favorable environment for the development of botulism. Canned mushrooms are at risk of contracting botulism.

The symptoms of botulism may take several days to appear. In severe cases, they develop several hours after eating contaminated food.

Typical symptoms for the first day of illness:

Abdominal pain.
Diarrhea.
Nausea and vomiting.

On the second day, the clinical picture changes dramatically, and the following clinical manifestations develop:

Constipation.
Increased gas formation in the large intestine.
Violation of vision. It becomes difficult for the patient to distinguish between small objects and to read, he feels fog and a veil before his eyes.
Ptosis is the drooping of the eyelids.
Stops saliva.
The face becomes like a mask - all its muscles are paralyzed.
The person cannot walk. All of his skeletal muscles are weakening.
Respiratory failure.

Diagnosis of mushroom poisoning

All those poisoned by mushrooms are hospitalized in the toxicology department or in intensive care. They receive medical care there. To establish an accurate diagnosis and identify complications from various systems and organs, the patient, in parallel with the treatment, undergoes a detailed examination of the body, which consists of the following methods:

Complete blood count, which helps to detect anemia, hemolysis.
A general urine test is performed to detect damage to the kidneys by fungal toxins.
Blood test for toxins - it can detect some poisons.
A biochemical blood test is necessary to diagnose the functionality of the liver, pancreas and kidneys.
Ultrasound examination of internal organs.
Gastroscopy - indicated for the development of internal bleeding.
Blood saturation is measured to determine the saturation of the red blood cell with oxygen. With the help of this study, hypoxia and respiratory failure can be determined.

Also, the mushroom dish itself, which the poisoned person ate, can be sent to the laboratory. And laboratory assistants determine the poison that caused the symptoms, after which the doctors will select an antidote for it. So there is no need to rush to throw away the dish, put it separately in the refrigerator from other products, and warn everyone at home about the danger.

Who develops symptoms of mushroom poisoning faster

In some people, the symptoms of mushroom poisoning can appear much faster than in others. These include:

Children. The mucous membrane of the stomach in children receives a better blood supply, and toxins and poisons are absorbed faster.
Pregnant women are more sensitive to poisoning. Their use of poisonous mushrooms in most cases leads to the death of the fetus.
Aged people. In this population group, the body is weaker, and cannot withstand the toxins that have entered it.
People with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. Due to the damaged wall of the stomach, poisons enter the bloodstream faster.
People who have consumed mushrooms along with alcoholic beverages. Some fungal toxins are activated only under the influence of alcohol.

Mushroom poisoning can occur a few minutes or days after eating. The speed depends on the type of mushroom, the amount eaten and the method of its preparation. You can also get poisoned by edible mushrooms, which were collected in contaminated areas. When intoxicated by them, the symptoms resemble ordinary food poisoning. The most dangerous mushrooms are for pregnant women, as their poisons cause the death of the fetus. And remember, it is better to avoid mushroom poisoning than to be treated for it later.

From correctly rendered first aid, depends on the prognosis for life, a person who has poisoned himself with mushrooms. As mentioned above, symptoms can develop instantly. As soon as the first signs of mushroom poisoning appear, call an ambulance. Tell the dispatcher exactly what your address is, describe what happened.

Please note that poisoning with poisonous mushrooms should be suspected in everyone who has consumed mushroom dishes over the past 24 hours, and who has begun to have any changes in the state of the body. Even a feeling of slight malaise can be the first sign of severe intoxication.

While the doctors are coming to you, start helping the poisoned person on your own. Below are listed in sequence the main actions that you can help the patient with:

Unbutton the patient's clothes that may interfere with free breathing (tie, shirt), open the windows for ventilation.
Give a person a gulp to drink 1 liter of plain water, and ask him to vomit. It is best to repeat this procedure several times. With the help of such a cleansing of the body, you can remove the remnants of poisonous mushrooms, poisons and toxins from the stomach.
Give the patient an enema. For its implementation, ordinary water at room temperature is suitable. It is forbidden to add any medicines or herbs. An enema should be done to clear waters.
Give the person sorbents, taking into account the dosage required for him. For example, when using activated carbon, 1 tablet is given per 10 kg of weight. That is, if a person weighs 70 kg, he will need 7 tablets.
Give the poisoned drink non-carbonated table water.

There is no need to throw away the mushroom dishes that a person has been poisoned with, they may be required in the future to make the correct diagnosis and select a treatment.

Treatment in a hospital

The duration of the patient's stay in a hospital depends on the degree of damage to his internal organs and the speed of their recovery.

Treatment for mushroom poisoning is very difficult, as doctors have to cope with the pathologies of many systems. It consists of:

Hemodialysis. A person is connected to an artificial kidney apparatus, through which all his blood passes and is cleansed of poison. The duration of such treatment is 2-3 days. With the development of acute renal failure - much longer.
Massive intravenous administration of solutions to combat dehydration.
Diets. In the first few days, you can eat a limited amount of food (toasted bread, thin rice porridge, biscuits).
Enzyme preparations (Mezim, Creon, Pancreatin), which help restore the pancreas.

With the development of gastrointestinal bleeding, treatment is carried out surgically. The doctor enters the stomach with a gastroscope, and puts a clip on the bleeding vessel.

Botulism is treated in the infectious diseases department. Patients are given anti-botulinum serum.

Prevention of poisoning

It is much easier to avoid mushroom poisoning than to treat it. The following are tips to help you select and cook mushrooms:

Buy mushrooms only in trusted places, in supermarkets. Buying this product directly from mushroom pickers is dangerous.
When picking mushrooms on your own, pick only those fruits that you are 100% sure of. A large number of poisonous mushrooms look like edible mushrooms, so if you are not good at them, take an experienced mushroom picker with you.
Do not pick mushrooms along highways, near industrial enterprises.
Conduct proper heat treatment of mushrooms, and in no case eat them raw.
Do not combine the use of mushrooms with the intake of alcoholic beverages.
Do not give mushrooms to children. This product is contraindicated for them up to 12 years.
Throw away damaged or rotten mushroom fruits, pathogenic bacteria can accumulate in them.
Eat mushroom dishes at a party with caution.

Mushroom poisoning is one of the most dangerous toxic lesions of the human body. Symptoms may appear as early as 20 minutes after eating them. If you suspect that a person has developed fungal poisoning, you should immediately call an ambulance. You can't do it on your own at home. Treatment is carried out in the intensive care unit for toxicology. Do not throw away mushroom dishes that poisoned a person. With their help, in the laboratory, you can determine the poison that caused the damage to the body. Take the collection and preparation of mushrooms seriously, because poisoning is easier to prevent than to cure.

Not all people who decide to collect mushrooms are well versed in their varieties. This leads to the accidental consumption of poisonous mushrooms. The resulting poisoning is one of the most severe food intoxications that can lead to death.

Let's find out in this article which types of mushrooms are poisonous, how their poisoning manifests itself, what first aid to provide to an injured person, and also learn about preventive measures that prevent intoxication.

Types of poisonous mushrooms

Mushroom poisoning according to ICD-10 has the code T62.0.

Only 400 species of the existing more than 3 thousand varieties of cap mushrooms are edible. The rest are dangerous. Several types of them are permanently poisonous, others become poisonous under certain conditions: eating raw, sharing with alcohol, and so on.

The worst enemies of people are the pale grebe and its "relatives" - spring and white. They are deadly poisonous: even a quarter of a hat can cause the death of an adult. The poison of the pale toadstool (amanitin) is not destroyed either by temperature or by drying.

Among the lepiotes, which can be confused with umbrella mushrooms, there are deadly poisonous varieties. All 100 varieties of fibers are poisonous. Even more than in the fly agaric, muscarine poison contains a whitish talker.

The cobweb is plush and beautiful - deadly poisonous, dangerous also because the manifestations of intoxication appear 2-3 weeks after their use.

The most severe poisoning, in addition to pale grebe and fly agaric, is caused by the following mushrooms:

Satanic;
parterre;
false mushrooms;
pig;
smelly mushroom.

With improper processing of milk mushrooms, lines, morels, waves, intoxication may also occur.

Symptoms of mushroom poisoning

Signs of mushroom poisoning after how long do they occur? On average, symptoms appear 1-2 hours after consumption. This period of well-being, depending on the type of mushrooms eaten, the type of processing, alcohol consumption, body weight, age, dose of the resulting toxin, can be reduced to 30 minutes or extended to 6–7 hours (pale toadstool) or even up to 2–3 weeks (cobweb and lepiot).

Symptoms of mushroom poisoning are similar to signs of other food intoxications: they are all characterized by:

diarrhea;
stomach ache.

But there are differences in the clinic of poisoning, depending on the type and dose of poisonous mushrooms. Let's analyze the most common poisoning.

The children's body is more sensitive to the action of toxins, so the symptoms of mushroom poisoning in children appear faster, the poisoning is more severe.

Mushroom poisoning is of particular danger during pregnancy, since poisons can cross the placenta and have an effect on the baby. There is a threat of miscarriage. A woman is worried about headaches, lack of appetite, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea. Loss of fluid with stool and vomiting can lead to dehydration, loss of minerals and vitamins, so necessary for the mother and fetus. There may be increased heart rate, decreased pressure, fainting.

First aid for mushroom poisoning

When the first signs of poisoning appear, an ambulance should be called without delay. The remains of the product should be set aside for later research, which will help determine the type of poison and prescribe the correct treatment. Before the arrival of the doctor, it is necessary to begin providing assistance to the victim.

First aid for mushroom poisoning consists of the following measures.

Treatment in a hospital

In case of mushroom poisoning, treatment is carried out in a hospital - in the toxicology department.

The stomach is washed through a tube.
Assign: saline laxative, intravenous administration of solutions and forced diuresis (urination).
On the first day, hemosorption is carried out - the removal of toxins from the blood by passing it through sorbents.

Assign treatment for cardiovascular and renal failure.

In case of poisoning with fly agaric red and talkers, an antidote is introduced - "Atropine" in individually selected doses.

When mushroom poisoning is strictly prohibited: drink alcohol, take painkillers, antiemetics and diarrhea medicines.

Prevention of mushroom poisoning

How not to get poisoned by mushrooms? This requires strict adherence to certain rules.

The consequences of mushroom poisoning

The consequences of mushroom poisoning, especially without treatment, are very serious.

When poisoned with pale toadstool, death occurs in 40-90% of cases.
In case of poisoning with fly agaric and talkers with belated help, mortality is up to 50%.
In severe poisoning, the liver and kidneys are destroyed and cease to function, which requires transplantation of these organs or leads to death.

The main reason for mushroom poisoning is ignorance of their distinguishing features, neglect of the rules of prevention and carelessness. Mushroom poisons, affecting all organ systems, can lead to death in 2-3 days.

Inability to provide first aid in case of poisoning, delaying only 1–2 days with an appeal to a doctor - often cause the death of the victim.

The body itself is not able to neutralize mushroom poisons. Only timely full treatment gives a chance to save the patient.

Eating poisonous or improperly cooked mushrooms can cause severe intoxication, which can even lead to death. Everyone should be aware of its symptoms in order to seek help in a timely manner. Read how such a lesion of the body manifests itself.

How does mushroom poisoning occur?

This happens if they are poisonous. In addition, you can get poisoned by mushrooms that are cooked incorrectly, collected where the environment is polluted, overripe, wormy. This happens due to the presence of toxins in them. Poisonous mushrooms contain toxic substances of the following groups:

cyclopeptides;
mycotoxins;
gyromitrin;
aminohexadienoic acid;
muscarine;
orellanin;
toxins that irritate the digestive tract;
koprin;
psilocybin;
ibotenic acid and muscimol.

After eating a poisonous product, toxins are carried throughout the body along with the blood. This causes damage to various systems and organs. All toxic mushrooms have a negative effect on the organs of the digestive system, but there are also those that damage the liver, kidneys, heart, and nervous system. They are very dangerous. Eating can even cause death. Intoxication is treated for a long and difficult time.

How long does it take for mushroom poisoning to show up?

The duration of the symptoms depends on what exactly you ate. How long does it take for mushroom poisoning to occur?

Pale bastard. The first signs appear over a period of 4 to 36 hours.
Lines, morels. The onset of symptoms after 5-10 hours.
fly agaric. Signs of this type of mushroom poisoning occur quickly. The condition worsens over a period of 30 minutes to six hours.
Fungi affecting the digestive tract. Symptoms appear within an hour or two.

The first symptoms of mushroom poisoning

As mentioned, the complex of signs depends on the type of product that you have eaten. The amount of mushrooms and how you cooked them also affects. Any poisoning is accompanied by an upset stomach. Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting begins, the stomach hurts a lot. A high temperature is sure to rise, accompanied by weakness. All signs are usually divided into four groups.

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms by type of gastroenteritis

Such symptoms occur when using pale toadstool. This product is considered the most dangerous to health. The poisons contained there are not capable of killing any type of processing. 40-90% of such lesions of the body end in death for a person. As a rule, it is impossible to help the patient if he went to the doctor later than the second or third day of the disease. Signs of mushroom poisoning in stages:

Asymptomatic. Lasts from 8 to 12 hours. A person feels weak, thirsty, sweats a lot. His head starts to hurt. Toward the end of the period, chills, convulsions, and a drop in temperature are noted.
Damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Lasts 2-3 days. The patient is nauseous, which leads to profuse vomiting. The stomach hurts a lot. The diarrhea is very strong, the chair is repeated up to 25 times a day. It is plentiful and liquid, with a very unpleasant odor. Possibly bloody stool.
Damage to internal organs. The liver becomes larger in size, jaundice begins. At the last stage, a person may fall into a coma.

Fly agaric poisoning

What this dangerous handsome man looks like, we all know from childhood. It is characterized by the presence of a red hat with white dots. In addition to such a fly agaric, there is also a porphyry, panther, grebe. Their intoxication is stronger, delirium, hallucinations often begin. With it, death occurs in 3% of cases. With complete absence of treatment, coma occurs. Damage to the body is accompanied by typical signs:

nausea;
vomiting;
rise in high temperature;
stomach, intestinal pain;
constriction of the pupils;
increased salivation;
excessive sweating;
shortness of breath;
reduced heart rate;
delirium;
hallucinations;
mental disorders;
respiratory disorders;
panic attacks.

Intoxication with lines by the type of gastroenterocolitis

Signs of poisoning by such mushrooms differ depending on how much poison they contain. If the form is mild or moderate, the person will complain about:

headache;
severe vomiting;
abdominal pain;
diarrhea.

If not treated, then on the third or fourth day death occurs from acute heart failure. This happens in 30% of cases. More often children die. The severe form is characterized by:

jaundice;
urine with blood;
pain in the lower back and right side.

Poisoning with gall fungus

It is also called mustard and false boletus. People rarely get poisoned by eating it. The product is very bitter and the taste only gets worse as it cooks. In most cases, the damage to the body occurs as a result of the use of pickled or canned mushroom platter, where the mustard accidentally got into. The bitterness is masked by the brine. Some experts believe that the mustard is not poisonous, but conditionally edible, however, food poisoning occurs with it and proceeds with the following symptoms:

the pulse becomes faster;
I have a stomachache;
diarrhea;
blood in feces;
weakness;
pressure drops sharply.

If you do not start treatment, the lesion can lead to the development of cirrhosis of the liver, but this happens extremely rarely. As a rule, after the removal of toxins from the body, after a few days a person becomes better, and then he is fully restored. Signs of ill health begin to disturb a person within half an hour after he eats a dish of poisonous mushrooms.

How are the symptoms of intoxication classified?

There are several main syndromes in case of poisoning:

Phalloid. It occurs if a person eats a pale grebe or fly agaric and is considered the most dangerous. They contain allergens and alkaloids that accumulate in the liver, kidneys, and other organs. The syndrome appears after six hours. Causes severe vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness. The liver enlarges, heart failure begins.
Teturam-like. Causes severe muscle spasms. It affects the legs, as a result of which the person loses the ability to move. Left untreated, the syndrome can lead to complete paralysis.
hallucinatory. It begins if there were psychogenic substances in the mushrooms eaten by a person. These toxins are specifically used in the production of drugs. In case of an overdose, dependence may develop. The poisoned person begins hallucinations, moreover, they are euphoric in nature. Because of this, a person does not go to the hospital, wanting the condition to last longer.

Video: first aid for mushroom poisoning

Many types of mushrooms, when ingested, cause poisoning. Distinguishing wild species is a difficult task, even for a knowledgeable mushroom picker, folk ways to distinguish poisonous from edible ones are usually unreliable. If the patient has eaten unknown mushrooms, establishing their species will help in prescribing a specific treatment. However, due to the absence, as a rule, of an experienced mycologist, the treatment of such patients is syndromic. If a sample of the fungus is available (for example, from vomit), it must be sent to a mycologist for analysis.

According to statistics, mushroom poisoning most often occurs, which in many ways are similar to edible ones and can be accidentally collected at the same time as them. However, there are other causes of poisoning: improper preparation, an incorrectly chosen place for picking mushrooms, non-compliance with storage conditions, etc. The more a person is informed on this issue, the more likely it is to avoid negative consequences from the use of a natural product we love so much.

ICD code 10

T51-T65 - Exposure to non-medical toxic substances.
T62 - Intoxication with substances contained in the food consumed.
T62.0 - Intoxication with toxic components contained in eaten mushrooms.

ICD-10 code

T62.0 In eaten mushrooms

Causes of mushroom poisoning

In most cases, poisoning occurs due to ignorance or lack of experience in picking mushrooms. Poisonous mushrooms can not only be collected by mistake in the forest, but also bought at a spontaneous market, where the products sold have not passed the necessary checks.

The second most common cause may be negligence in the preparation of mushroom dishes. Mushrooms are cooked for a long time, so some housewives arbitrarily reduce the cooking time by serving a product that has not undergone sufficient heat treatment to the table.

In general, the causes of probable poisoning can be distinguished by the following list:

Also, often small children can be poisoned with mushrooms, who are not recommended to eat mushroom dishes in general, because of their poor digestibility.

Pathogenesis

The mechanism of occurrence of intoxication associated with the ingestion of poisonous mushrooms may differ somewhat, depending on the type of damaging toxic substance.

It is estimated that people get most of the poisoning from the use of the following mushroom species:

fly agaric (red, smelly, panther);
death cap;
lines, talkers, morels.

A large number of toxic cyclic oligopeptide molecules were found in the composition of the pale grebe, which, when released into the digestive system, provoke the development of gastroenteritis, necrosis of liver and kidney tissues, failure of electrolyte metabolism (dehydration) and increased cell permeability. Prolonged cooking and drying of mushrooms does not affect the amount of toxic substances in the pale grebe.

Stitches and morels contain substances such as gyromitrin and gelvellic acid, which also have a pronounced hemotoxic effect, close to that of pale grebe. Toxic components are weakly destroyed during long cooking, but with repeated changes of water during cooking, the level of toxins is significantly reduced.

The red fly agaric and the talker are considered poisonous due to the content of the substance muscarine in them, which has a neurotoxic effect. This action is similar to acetylcholine. Prolonged cooking of such mushrooms leads to a partial destruction of muscarine.

This type of fly agaric, like the panther mushroom, has in its composition the anticholinergic substances hyoscyamine and scopolamine.

Symptoms of mushroom poisoning

When using pale toadstool, the symptoms have three stages of development:

Stage I develops within 6-24 hours after ingestion of the poison. The main signs are a sharp increase in temperature, bouts of nausea, vomiting, cramps in the stomach and intestines, frequent loose stools (possibly with blood elements);
Stage II is a latent period that lasts about two to four days. Symptoms at this time subside, the impression of a beginning recovery is created;
Stage III - irreversible consequences develop: liver and kidney tissues are affected, blood clotting is disturbed, jaundice, hepatomegaly appears, urination is disturbed. In the future, there is a convulsive syndrome, a coma. The deterioration comes quickly and sharply.

When eating a red fly agaric or a talker mushroom, the first signs appear after 35 minutes (in rare cases up to 2 hours). Initially, there is mild nausea, turning into vomiting. The victim complains of spastic pains in the abdomen, shortness of breath, diarrhea. Parasympathetic symptoms are also observed: hyperhidrosis, salivation, lacrimation, pupillary constriction, bronchospasm, slowing of cardiac activity, lowering blood pressure, collapse. If help is not provided, then subsequently there is a violation of consciousness (hallucinations, falling into a coma), a convulsive syndrome develops.

When eating panther fly agaric, thirst, dehydration of the body are observed, the pupils dilate, cardiac activity increases.

When using incorrectly heat-treated lines or morels, a feeling of weakness, nausea with vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, and diarrhea may appear. With severe poisoning, the patient may lose consciousness, he may experience convulsions. The liver and spleen are enlarged.

Mushroom poisoning in children is more severe, due to the weakness and imperfection of their digestive system. Most often in childhood, the initial sign of poisoning is convulsions, including the lower jaw. Over time, there are failures of respiratory function, liver failure occurs. If timely assistance is not provided, various complications from the liver, kidneys, and spleen may develop. A fatal outcome is also possible.

Mushroom poisoning during pregnancy is considered very dangerous, because toxic substances and poisons easily penetrate the placental barrier to the unborn child. A woman may suspect poisoning by the following symptoms:

discomfort in the digestive tract;
sudden loss of appetite;
pain or cramps in the stomach and intestines;
frequent loose stools, increased gas formation;
fever, headache;
impaired consciousness, dizziness.

If any of the above signs appear, it is recommended to immediately consult a doctor, because poisoning poses a serious danger to the baby and pregnancy in general.

All poisonous mushrooms cause vomiting and abdominal pain; other symptoms depend on the type of fungus. Usually, fungi that cause symptoms quickly, within 2 hours, are less dangerous than those that cause symptoms later (after 6 hours or more).

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