Oncological female diseases. Oncological diseases of the female genital organs

If we take the statistics, then in the very first place in women there is a cancerous neoplasm of the breast, as well as damage to the ovaries and uterus. All tumors are divided into malignant and benign.

Benign tumors do not have harmful symptoms and cannot lead to death. Most importantly, they are quite easy to treat with the right approach. But such neoplasms are also dangerous, since they can turn into oncology at any time.

The division of cancer in a female way goes through the main female organs: the mammary glands, ovaries, uterus, vagina, labia and fallopian tubes. In general, it can develop from any organ where there are epithelial cells.

Benign formations

Such neoplasms have a different cellular structure, but not much different from healthy cells. The tumors themselves grow quite slowly and usually in one location of the tissues, without touching or growing into the nearest cells.

The formations do not greatly affect the body and the surrounding tissues and do not interfere with the work of the organ. In general, they are not life-threatening for the patient. Malignant cancers, on the contrary, grow rapidly and germinate into nearby cells, damaging tissues and releasing antibodies and waste products into the blood.

Varieties

- during menstruation there is a more abundant discharge of blood. The tumors themselves have several locations and are arranged in clusters, the color of each is red-pink. During sex, they are damaged and bleed.

- appear on the labia, ovaries or in the uterus. In this case, there are pains in the lower abdomen and difficulty in the process of urination.

kistoma- there is pain, bloating in the abdomen, discomfort during sexual intercourse, delay and violation of the menstrual cycle.
Myoma- during menstruation, there are severe pains in the lower abdomen, general malaise, chills, fever. The temperature can rise and stay from 37 to 38.

fibromyoma- the neoplasm itself has an impressive size, because of which the woman feels constant pressure in the pelvic region.

Symptoms

Unfortunately, in the early stages, female genital cancer has very few symptoms that can be confused with a normal disease, and in some it does not manifest itself at all. Because of this, the patient loses a lot of time, and as everyone knows, the earlier cancer is detected, the greater the chance of recovery.

The first symptoms can greatly increase depending on the location of the cancer itself.

Bloating. With ovarian cancer, it appears one of the first.
Pain in the lower abdomen. Any tight or sharp pain in the lower part.
Pain in the lower back. Usually come in 2 stages.
Temperature. An increase in temperature indicates an inflammatory process that may begin due to the effect of a cancerous tumor on nearby tissues.
Bleeding between menses. At first, the discharge will be insignificant, they can be seen on shorts. They can also be observed in postmenopausal women over 55-60 years old.
Ranks and zaeds. The vagina itself may turn red or change in color, small wounds may appear that are difficult to heal.
Decreased appetite, weight loss. It should be noted that while the diet and nutrition remain the same.
Drowsiness, fatigue, tiredness. During growth, the tumor consumes a large amount of energy, and also releases waste products into the blood, which poison the body.
Vaginal discharge. The discharge itself has an unpleasant odor. Dried mucus can be seen in underwear.

Breast Cancer Symptoms

Change in the shape of one breast or nipple.
Redness and swelling of the chest.
Red spots and bruising that doesn't go away.
The appearance of seals and lumps in the chest.
The nipple retracted.
The areola of the nipple changed shape and became irregular.
There was a discharge of mucus or pus from the chest. This is especially noticeable in a bra.

Cervical cancer

The tumor itself grows from the epithelial cells of the soft tissues of the inner walls of the cervix and body of the uterus. The tumor has a moderately aggressive status and grows quite slowly compared to other tumors. and oncology of the uterus is one of the most common diseases in women, and it is in 2nd place after a tumor of the mammary glands.

The reasons

The main reason is that a change occurs at the chromosomal level, and cells begin to randomly divide, multiply and lose the ability to self-destruct or die.

Papillomavirus.
Herpis.
Viral disease that damages the soft tissues of the uterus.
Often occurs in older women.
The risk group includes nulliparous women.
Rare sexual relations.
Diabetes.
Alcohol and cigarettes.
Excess weight.
Genetics.
Hormonal changes in the female body, drugs that affect them.

stages

1 stage- the tumor is small and spreads only within one tissue.
2 stage- the cancerous process affects nearby tissues. Back pain and fever may already appear.
3 stage- has a large size, bloating begins. The cancerous growth touches and damages nearby lymph nodes.
4 stage- metastases go to the nearest organs: intestines, bladder, kidneys and liver. There are headaches, pain in the bones, muscles against the background of general intoxication of the body.

The most important thing to remember is that cancer in the early stages of development has a high survival rate, since metastases do not affect organs. At stage 3, the lymph nodes are already affected, which is why surgeons usually remove the uterus at this stage along with the nearest lymphatic system.

NOTE! First of all, the patient needs to pay attention to pain, temperature and bleeding from the vagina and immediately contact a gynecologist for an examination.

Often occurs in older women after 55 years, especially those who have never given birth. Oddly enough, but the number of children directly affects the susceptibility to this cancer, and the more children, the less chance of getting this disease.

Genetics is the most common cause, since girls whose mothers and grandmothers had this disease are at risk.

signs

Severe bloating of the abdomen - it is hard to the touch.
Nausea and vomiting.
Frequent constipation.

Cancer of the vagina and labia

The neoplasm itself looks like a growth with nodules. The tumor grows and subsequently symptoms appear: burning, itching and pain. In later stages, the tumor may bleed and produce pus.

Vaginal cancer is less common, and affects the inner walls, with small growths appearing, which subsequently begin to bleed and secrete pus.

It is almost impossible for a woman to have sex at the same time, since upon contact she will feel severe pain and burning. At stages 3 and 4, the tumor can completely block the urethra and the patient will be catheterized.

Diagnostics

First you need to identify the disease itself, for this a large number of methods are used. The most important thing is the initial examination by a gynecologist and a mammologist. After that, the patient takes a general, biochemical blood test, where you can see some deviations from the norm.

Many people ask about tumor markers, but in fact they are rarely given, since they can show cancer, but not with a 100% probability, and it is better for the doctor not to waste time and see everything with his own eyes.

pelvic ultrasound- you can see a cyst and cancerous growths in the ovaries.
MRI, CT- they look at how hard the cancer affects nearby tissues.
Biopsy of cancerous tissue- during the examination, the doctor takes a piece of tissue and examines it under a microscope to see the nature of the cancer itself and how fast it grows.
- This is an ultrasound examination of the breast, for the presence of malignant tumors.

NOTE! If you resort to traditional medicine, then discuss all drugs and herbs with your doctor, as there are many substances that can increase general intoxication and worsen the condition of the body and even lead to death.

Treatment

The therapy itself depends on the stage of the carcinoma.

Methods of surgical intervention- usually used at stages 1 and 2, when there is no metastasis yet. The doctor removes the tumor itself and nearby tissues, as well as the affected lymph nodes.
Radiotherapy- This procedure is directed. With a thin beam of radiation rays, with the help of special equipment, the doctor begins to act only on tumor tissues and destroys them.
Chemotherapy- at the moment there are a large number of cytotoxic drugs that mainly affect tumor cells. First, the doctor prescribes a specific reagent that destroys this type of cancer. If this does not help, then the tissues themselves are being examined for sensitivity to certain substances.
hormone therapy- a number of drugs that reduce the sensitivity of the tumor and the organ itself to estrogen.

What horror a person experiences when he is given this dangerous diagnosis! But the situation does not always end tragically. If signs of cancer are detected at the first stage of damage to the body, oncology diseases are treatable. What symptoms help to suspect malignant neoplasms, how they differ in men and women, with various types of pathologies - information useful to people at any age.

What is cancer

This disease is one of the most dangerous - it develops rapidly and often ends in death. Cancer is an oncological pathology in which there is an uncontrolled growth of cells that form a malignant tumor. Taking into account the stage of development:

on the first, a cure is possible;
the second is characterized by the spread of cancer cells to neighboring organs, is eliminated with timely diagnosis;
the third, fourth have a low survival rate due to rapid metastases throughout the body.

Cancer develops from the epithelium, the disease can begin in any human organ. Due to violation of metabolic processes:

new cells acquire unusual functions;
cease to form tissues correctly;
require additional energy for growth;
affect healthy tissues of the body, destroying them;
capture blood vessels, lymphatic channels and spread throughout the body - metastasize.

How to detect

In order to achieve a positive result of treatment, it is important to identify the beginning process in a timely manner, to engage in cancer prevention. Signs of oncology in the body can be detected at professional examinations, with the obligatory passage of mammography, fluorography, urine and feces tests. The onset of the disease is determined by the results of a blood test, when, for no apparent reason, it is found:

acceleration of ESR;
decrease in hemoglobin level;
changes in thyroid, sex, adrenal hormones;
elevated calcium levels in kidney cancer.

When there is a targeted detection of a tumor, use:

tests for tumor markers;
cytological examination of cells;
tissue histology - differentiate cancer;
computed tomography - reveal the size, shape of the neoplasm;
ultrasound examination - observe changes in tissue density;
magnetic resonance imaging - determine tumors of small sizes, metastases throughout the body;
endoscopic methods - reveal a picture near the lesion.

How Cancer Manifests

In the initial stages, the symptoms of oncology are often indistinguishable from other diseases or do not appear at all. This leads to late initiation of treatment and reduced effectiveness of the results. As the cancer progresses, it looks different from the signs of infection. Symptoms of malignant tumors depend on:

sex, age of the patient;
concomitant diseases;
cancer stages;
tumor structures;
localization of cancer;
growth rate.

In addition to the general signs characteristic of any type of oncology, are observed in the case of cancer:

brain - impaired memory, attention, the appearance of convulsions;
skin - depending on the type and form - ulcers, penetration of cancer into the deep layers;
lungs - shortness of breath, cough with purulent sputum;
liver - development of jaundice;
organs of the genitourinary system - blood in the urine, urination problems;
stomach - difficulties in digestion, stool disorders.

General symptoms

You need to know the general signs of cancer. This will help to consult a doctor in a timely manner, start an examination, primary treatment of the patient. Symptoms of cancer are:

sudden unreasonable weight loss;
fever, fever, - the reaction of the immune system, the activation of forces to fight the disease, appears in the last stages.

The main signs of the manifestation of oncological disease include:

deterioration of well-being;
gradual increase in weakness;
increased fatigue;
nausea;
the occurrence of pain - possible at all stages of cancer;
changes in the skin - the appearance of urticaria, erythema, jaundice, with skin melanoma - increased pigmentation, the formation of warts, a change in their color;
deterioration in hair quality;
feeling of discomfort in the affected organ;
the appearance of seals, tumors.

First signs

It is very important not to miss the first symptoms of cancer. A dangerous disease, detected in the early stages, is successfully treated, gives a high percentage of survival. You can learn about the risk of oncology by the general symptoms of cancer. The first signs of the presence of malignant neoplasms have characteristic features that depend on:

localization of a cancerous tumor;
lesions of female organs;
manifestations of the disease in men;
development of pathology in children.

The first signs of cancer in women

The female reproductive organs are often affected by cancerous tumors, which is associated with the peculiarities of the development of the organism. Other localizations of malignant neoplasms are not excluded. The first signs of a tumor in the female body:

bleeding during menopause;
discharge of a smearing character after sexual intercourse;
heavy prolonged menstruation;
change in the shape of the breast;
discharge from the nipple.

Oncological diseases in women cause symptoms:

bleeding between periods;
soreness in the ovaries;
watery discharge with ichor in cancer of the inner wall of the uterus;
seals in the chest;
retraction of the nipple;
discomfort in the area of the labia;
urine leakage;
pain in the lower abdomen;
blood in stool;
urination disorders;
an increase in the size of the abdomen;
bleeding from the rectum.

The first signs of oncology in men

In addition to common oncological diseases, cancer of the genitourinary system is not uncommon for men. Frequent smoking leads to the appearance of malignant tumors of the larynx and lungs. In men with cancer, the following symptoms are observed:

urinary incontinence;
back pain - a signal of a prostate tumor;
rectal bleeding;
inability to urinate;
change in the consistency of stools;
blood in the urine;
sharp pains in the abdomen;
seals in the chest;
lumps in the testicles;
coughing up blood, mucus, pus.

In children

The onset of cancer in a child may be marked by signs of intoxication of the body - loss of appetite, vomiting, headaches, pallor of the skin. With the development of cancer in children, the appearance of tearfulness, capriciousness, nightmares, and fears is not uncommon. Depending on the type of pathology observed:

with leukemia - bleeding from the nose, aching joints, enlarged liver;
with brain tumors - impaired coordination, convulsions, loss of consciousness;
in the case of osteosarcoma - nocturnal pain in the joints;
with eye cancer - blurred vision, hemorrhage.

Back pain due to cancer

Often, especially in the later stages of cancer, pain in the back is observed. Symptoms are in the form of spasms, are aching, tingling in nature. Pain in the lumbar region is observed in ovarian cancer, prostate tumors. Such signs of neoplasms in cancer patients appear as a result of the presence of metastases that have affected the spine. This is typical for the development

stomach cancer, when the process captured the pancreas;
tumors in the lungs;
cancer of the lumbar spine;
malignant neoplasm in the breast.

Temperature

Common symptoms of cancer include changes in temperature. This symptom manifests itself in different ways as the tumor grows. An increase in temperature is facilitated by the activation of the immune system, which is trying to fight foreign cells. In the last stages of the disease with many types of cancer, it is very high. At an early stage of development, subfebrile temperature is observed, which lasts for a long time, sometimes up to several weeks, does not exceed 38 degrees. Such signs are typical for the appearance:

lymphocytic leukemia;
lymphomas;
lymphosarcomas.

Sharp weight loss

Often, in a short period of time, an oncological patient changes his appearance, looks so that he does not look like his photo of six months ago. Sharp weight loss - up to 5 kg per month - is a serious reason to consult a doctor. This sign of oncology is one of the very first and brightest. Losing weight with cancer is explained by:

the production by the tumor of substances that disrupt metabolic processes;
psychological stress that deprives appetite;
the influence of chemotherapy.

A cancer patient quickly loses weight, which is associated with:

poisoning the body with metabolic products of cancer cells;
the need for a large amount of nutrients for tumor growth and metastases;
violation of the intake and digestion of food in cancer of the esophagus, tumors of the gastrointestinal tract;
radiation therapy of the head area, in which taste, smell are disturbed, an aversion to food appears;
removal of part of the stomach, intestines.

Cough

Such a sign characterizes the oncology of lung and bronchial tissues. The cough changes greatly as the cancer progresses. This symptom is:

at the initial stage, a constant dry cough;
with the growth of the tumor, a small amount of transparent sputum is formed;
with a further increase in size, the vessels are damaged, blood appears;
gradually sputum becomes purulent, copious, with an unpleasant odor;
with damage to the vessels, it looks like raspberry jelly;
with the destruction of the arteries when coughing, pulmonary hemorrhage begins.

Weakness and sweating

With the development of a cancerous tumor, sweating and muscle weakness are not uncommon. With these signs, the body gives a signal about the appearance of serious problems in it. With the defeat of the lymphatic system, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, hormonal disruptions occur, leading to increased sweating. The cause of weakness in the development of cancer becomes.

Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital organs, accounting for 50% of all cancers. It is divided into two main types of malignant tumors: endometrial cancer and endometrial cancer.

Symptoms

In 90% of cases, the first sign is irregular bleeding during the childbearing period, perimenopause, and bleeding after menopause.
Pain, heaviness and swelling in the uterus. This condition may be associated with a muscle type of cancer.

Diagnostics

Histological examination of a fragment of the endometrial mucosa.
Ultrasound of the pelvis, as well as CT or MRI - to detect a tumor and possible metastases.

Treatment

Surgically - that is, the removal of the uterus, appendages, lymph nodes. The most gentle methods allow you to maintain the ability to become pregnant and bear children. In such cases, high-dose progesterone therapy is used. The disadvantage of this method is that even in the case of a cure, the woman remains at a high risk of recurrence of the disease. There is also the possibility of egg freezing in women who wish to retain their ability to have children in the future. In the later stages - irradiation of the small pelvis. Sometimes additional chemotherapy is required.

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Risk factors

Doctors distinguish two types of endometrial cancer: estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent. The first type is more common in young women and has a better prognosis than the second. Causes of high estrogen levels:

obesity;
diabetes;
polycystic ovaries;
no pregnancy;
early onset of menstruation or late menopause;
irregular periods, lack of ovulation;
at risk are also women who undergo hormone therapy with estrogen, while not taking progesterone drugs to prevent the development of endometrial hyperplasia;
breast cancer patients taking tamoxifen treatment;
patients with a family history of uterine and colon cancer.

Preventive measures

Examinations at the gynecologist - every six months; in addition, the examination must be carried out in case of irregular bleeding.
If you have a family history of cancer of the uterus or rectum, it is advisable to visit a genetic consultation to determine your predisposition to malignant pathology. It is also necessary to regularly undergo examinations of the rectum and monitor the gynecologist.

Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women after uterine and ovarian cancer. The most common cause of cancer is infection with papillomavirus, which is sexually transmitted. Most cervical cancers can be prevented through a cervical smear program and through vaccination.

Symptoms

Bleeding is the most common symptom of cervical cancer. Most often it occurs during intercourse or after it.
In the later stages - pain in the back, lower abdomen or pelvis.
Sometimes the tumor blocks the ureter and can cause kidney failure.

Diagnostics

Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix using a special microscope.
Biopsy of the cervix. In the case of precancerous changes, a more extensive biopsy with an electrical loop is indicated.
With a positive biopsy - ultrasound, CT and MRI.

Treatment

Depends on the stage at which the disease is detected. In the early stages - radiation therapy or radical extirpation of the uterus or cervix. In the latter case, a suture is applied to the area where the cervix used to be. With this option, the possibility of becoming pregnant and bearing a child is preserved, however, childbirth occurs only by caesarean section. Later, chemotherapy and radiation. Before treatment, patients are usually counseled about the possibility of preserving ovarian function by transplanting them. A woman who wants to become pregnant later can have her eggs removed in advance, so that later artificial insemination can be carried out, or the ovary tissue can be frozen for later transplantation.

Risk factors:

papillomavirus infection;
smoking;
a large number of sexual contacts, as well as an early onset of sexual activity;
frequent pregnancies;
reduced immunity;
neglect of barrier contraception.

Preventive measures:

vaccination against papillomavirus infections;
in order to avoid the risk of contracting sexual infections - the exclusion of promiscuity, the use of condoms.

ovarian cancer

This disease is considered one of the most insidious, since early diagnosis is very problematic. Usually, patients seek help already at the later stages, and even in the case of a cure, the risk of a recurrence of the disease is very high.

Symptoms

The symptoms are not specific. In the early stages, irregular periods are possible. If the tumor fills the small pelvis, frequent urination, pain, and constipation are possible. Abdominal distension, weakness, and sudden weight loss usually appear in the later stages of the disease.

Diagnostics

Palpation of the pelvis or abdomen.
Ultrasound of the pelvic area. It can be used to determine the size and characterize the type of tumor.
Blood markers - CA 125 - a non-specific marker, may be elevated in other situations, but helps in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment results.
If a pathology is suspected, surgical intervention is necessary, in which the stage of the disease is clarified.

Treatment

Depends on the stage. Sometimes only surgical removal of the uterus, appendages and omentum is sufficient. In most cases, additional chemotherapy is required.

Risk factors:

infertility;
a small number of pregnancies and childbirth;
hereditary predisposition, in particular mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, Lynch syndrome (cancer of the uterus, ovary and colon);
the peak of the disease occurs at the age of 60 years.

Preventive measures:

the presence of at least one pregnancy and childbirth;
it was found that when taking birth control pills for five years or more, the risk of getting sick is reduced by 50%. This method is especially recommended if the woman had a family history of ovarian cancer;
prophylactic removal of appendages (in the presence of a genetic predisposition);
Ultrasound of the pelvis twice a year.

What to do if a fibroid is found

Often in our country, when a fibroid is detected, in order to avoid its degeneration into a malignant tumor, doctors insist on partial or complete removal of the uterus. However, this recommendation is not always justified. It has been established that the risk of cancer cells appearing in it is extremely low. In addition, the decision on any surgical intervention should be made only after a careful weighing of all factors. Indications for surgical removal of fibroids are pain, heavy bleeding that cannot be treated, as well as the extremely rapid growth and large size of the tumor. Along with this, the location of the fibroid is taken into account, as well as the desire of the woman to become pregnant in the future. The operation is justified if the myomatous node is large and is found in a place where it can harm the potential fetus. In all other cases, it is better to resort to drug therapy. The mechanism of action of modern drugs is based on blocking progesterone receptors in the myoma, and therefore it rapidly decreases in volume.

It is worth noting that modern medicine has achieved considerable success in curing cancer. If the tumor is detected in the early stages, recovery is almost guaranteed. So the best way to protect yourself is to lead a healthy lifestyle, as well as regularly, at least once or twice a year, be examined by a gynecologist.

Cosmo thanks Lyudmila Ostrovskaya, an Israeli gynecologist specializing in female oncology, from Madanes expert Lyudmila Ostrovskaya, for her help in preparing the material.

Malignant tumors develop in all organs and tissues, which means that the symptoms can be very different. However, in the treatment of cancer, the speed of making the correct diagnosis plays an important role, otherwise time may be lost forever.

What are the signs of cancer? We will answer this question in this article.

35 signs of cancer that are usually ignored

Unexplained weight loss may be a sign of cancer.

Upset stomach and/or stomach pain. Many patients with liver recall that this symptom was one of the first manifestations of the disease. Long enough, the patient and his attending physician can think about erosions in him before the correct diagnosis is made.
Feeling of fullness in the stomach even after eating a small amount of food. This symptom is also characteristic of the duodenum.
Unexplained weight loss. It is worth alerting if the patient loses kilograms without putting any effort into it.
. It develops when the tumor blocks the bile exit from the liver and gallbladder. In addition to yellowing of the skin, the patient notes yellowness of the sclera and itching all over the body.
Cough and/or shortness of breath. Often one of the first symptoms.
Difficulty swallowing water and food. The symptom appears and intensifies as the tumor grows in the pharynx or esophagus.
Constant pain and burning in the chest. This is a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux, a condition where acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus. This condition is typical for the esophagus.
Swelling of the face. Could be lung cancer. Cancer cells impede the outflow of blood from the upper half of the body, which provokes the development of edema.
Enlarged lymph nodes. It is a potential sign of cancer of the organ near which the enlarged lymph node is located.
Bruising and bleeding for no apparent reason. May be a manifestation.
Weakness and fatigue. A common symptom for all types of cancer.
Blood in stool, bleeding after stool. This symptom occurs not only with, but also with.
Violation of the large intestine. Persistent constipation and diarrhea can be a sign of bowel cancer.
(hard to start urinating, sluggish stream). May be a symptom.
Pain and/or burning during urination. It can be both a symptom and prostate cancer.
Blood in urine or seminal fluid. It can also be a sign of prostate cancer, like the previous two symptoms.
Erection problems. Although men try to hide this symptom for a long time, you should immediately consult a doctor to exclude a malignant tumor of the prostate.
swelling of the scrotum. May be a symptom of a testicular and/or prostate tumor.
Constant back pain. Of course, most often back pain is the result of muscle strain, protrusions, herniated discs, but we must not forget that constant pain, which is difficult to treat with conventional pills, can be a sign of both independent cancer and metastases to the spine.
Soreness of the chest and/or nipples. Yes, it happens in men, although these are very rare cases.
Hard-to-heal skin lesions. Symptom (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma).
Pain. Pain is a very common symptom. It is not necessary to take every attack of a headache for a brain tumor. It is necessary to carefully monitor yourself in order to "catch the moment" when it becomes clear that the pain is combined with other signs of cancer.
Fever. It's also a common symptom. It can happen to any cancer patient.
Changes in the oral mucosa. should alert a person, especially if he smokes.
Skin changes. The appearance of warts, areas of hyper- or hypopigmentation should alert a person and become a reason for a visit to the doctor.
Edema, swelling, redness of the mammary gland, the appearance of discharge from the nipple (especially bloody, greenish, black). This symptom complex should not only alert the woman, but force her to make an appointment with the doctor on the same day. If it is difficult to get to an oncologist, then you can contact a surgeon.
Change in the condition of the nails. Dystrophy of the nail plates, the appearance of spots and stripes on the nails. These can all be signs of skin cancer.
Bleeding between periods, bleeding in menopausal women. These symptoms may be signs of endometrial cancer.
Swelling of part of the limb and pain in this place. It can not only be the result of a bruise, but also a symptom of a malignant neoplasm of the bone.
Convulsions and seizures. May be a sign of a brain tumor, as well as symptoms 31 - 35.
Violations of memory, processes of memorization and reproduction.
Sensation of pressure and fullness in the head.
Behavioral disturbances, decreased self-criticism.
Disturbances of balance, coordination and orientation.
Numbness in the limb, its paresis or paralysis.

So, if you or your loved ones experience these symptoms, you should immediately contact your doctor for examination and treatment, and then the prognosis for the life and health of the patient can be much more favorable.

Which doctor to contact

If there are seals in the mammary gland, discharge from the nipple, as well as in case of visual changes (redness, deformation) of the breast, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Tumor diseases are treated by an oncologist, but it is better to consult a general practitioner first. The doctor will be able to establish a preliminary diagnosis and refer the patient to the right specialist. Depending on the affected organ of the patient, in addition to the oncologist, various doctors consult: a gastroenterologist (for problems with digestion, stool), a pulmonologist (for coughing and shortness of breath), a proctologist (for damage to the rectum), a urologist (for urination disorders), a mammologist (for lesions of the mammary gland), a dermatologist (for changes in the skin), a gynecologist (for uterine bleeding), a neurologist (for headaches, impaired coordination, movements, sensitivity, mental functions).

The clinic has accumulated extensive experience in the treatment of such ailments. We first carry out the primary detection of the disease, then we apply the methods of in-depth diagnostics, if there are grounds to suspect a cancerous disease of the female genital area.

If you visit the clinic specialists at least twice a year, early diagnosis of cancer will allow you to take the necessary measures in time and stop the disease.

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Gynecologist's consultation

Types of cancers of the female genital organs

Cervical cancer observed most often in women over 45 years of age. The disease often occurs as a result of various past ailments (dysplasia,), an important role is also played by the formation of scars due to childbirth and abortion. In the initial stages, the disease has practically no symptoms, for the first time it can be detected by contact bleeding (after douching, intercourse, or with constipation). Such bleeding is an immediate reason for contacting a specialist.

Cancer of the body of the uterus more characteristic of women 50-60 years old. It is characterized by bloody discharge from the vagina, either between periods or after menopause. If the process has gone far, there are late signs of cancer: pain, leucorrhoea.

ovarian cancer It is typical for any age, but still occurs more often after 40 years. This is the most common oncological ailment of the female genital organs after cervical cancer, which is the leading among such pathologies. Risk factors: previous gynecological diseases, ovarian dysfunction, chronic inflammation, lack of sexual activity or pregnancy. Symptoms can be different, the earliest ones are pain in the lower abdomen, general fatigue, malaise, weakness.

Fallopian tube cancer is a fairly rare disease characteristic of older women. The main symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen, liquid discharge, with impurities of blood and pus.

Vaginal cancer is also quite rare. Its symptoms are leucorrhoea, pain, spotting. If you press on the tumor, bleeding occurs.

Cancer of external organs also occurs rarely and is often combined with other long-term skin diseases of the genital organs. Its symptoms are the formation of a dense knot and growths.

Treatment of the disease

Diagnosis of cervical cancer, which occurs most often, is done by colposcopy, cytology, as well as gynecological examination and histological examination of the uterus. To minimize the possibility of getting advanced cervical cancer, you need to visit a gynecologist regularly, as well as take appropriate tests for oncology. This can be done in the clinic without any problems.

If, after research, a disease that precedes the onset of cancer is detected, special therapy or surgery is used.

Today, the clinic uses the most advanced methods of treating the cervix:

electrocoagulation,
freezing of the painful area of the cervix (cryolysis),
laser radiation, excision of the cervix with a scalpel or a special electrode.

When these methods are not suitable, or cancer begins to develop not on the cervix, our doctors successfully apply:

surgical intervention,
radiotherapy,
chemotherapy,
radiotherapy,
radiotherapy,
hormone therapy.

Methods of fighting tumors

Operation. It gives especially good results when the tumor is localized in one place.

Chemotherapy- the use of drugs for targeted suppression of pathology. Chemotherapy works on cancer cells that have invaded other organs. The clinic uses modern effective drugs that cause the least adverse reactions. Usually treatment is carried out in cycles with periods for recovery. The duration of treatment is 2-9 months.

hormone therapy involves the use of both hormonal and antihormonal drugs. Essence of the method: action on the hormonal receptors of a malignant neoplasm.

Immunotherapy. Today there is a lot of evidence that a strong immune system prevents the occurrence of many forms of cancer. The use of methods of targeted activation of the immune system helps in many cases to stop the development of the tumor. For certain types of cancer, immunotherapy is used alone or combined with surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and radiation. Immunotherapy is also used to prevent side effects that may occur in the treatment of cancer.

Radiation therapy affects only tumor cells at the site of irradiation. The method is usually used in the early stages of tumor formation, and is also often used before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor.

In our clinic, you will undergo a surgical examination, an accurate diagnosis will be made. Our doctors will treat you according to the most modern American and European standards, using the latest effective medicines with a minimum of side effects. But it is even better to come to us periodically for examination, because early detection of oncological pathologies is the main condition for the effectiveness of treatment. You will save yourself from many troubles if you regularly visit gynecologists and oncologists of our clinic.