If there is no menstruation, what can it lead to. Why is there no menstruation for a long time, and what to do in such a situation? Delay of menstruation

What to do if there is no menstruation and no pregnancy

No menstruation and no pregnancy, what could it be, what is the reason? Menstruation is considered one of the indicators of a woman's health. From childhood, our mothers explain to us how important it is for menstruation to be regular.

Irregular menstruation not only causes inconvenience to the woman herself (all the time you need to carry personal hygiene products with you, wear dark clothes), but can also be the first symptom of infertility. So, what to do if there are no signs of pregnancy and no menstruation - what examination should be done?

Let's start with the fact that an interesting position in a woman can be almost asymptomatic. Toxicosis, fatigue and similar symptoms do not occur in every expectant mother, especially in early pregnancy. Therefore, the first thing you need to do the test at home. If no monthly test is negative, and you are not planning a child, you need to do an ultrasound of the uterus and take a blood test for hCG. This will give an accurate answer to the question regarding your position. But it is proved that if there is no menstruation and there is no pregnancy, what the doctor will tell you to do. Usually, with a delay of 1-2 weeks, the doctor simply sends the woman home to wait for menstruation. And if it does not occur for another couple of weeks, then it can prescribe drugs containing progesterone, since it is precisely its lack, in most cases, that causes the absence of menstruation. The diagnosis of "amenorrhea" (absence of menstruation) is made by the doctor if the woman's bleeding disappears for several months.

The reasons for the delay in menstruation may be gynecological diseases, endocrinological and neurological. The doctor conducts a gynecological examination, after which he gives directions for blood tests for hormones (FSH, E2, Prl, LH, TSH, T4, T3), a biochemical blood test. The course of further examination depends on the results obtained. For example, in the event that prolactin is significantly elevated (and this may be the reason for the absence of menstruation), an MRI may be prescribed, since a pituitary adenoma often becomes the cause of hyperprolactinemia. And the woman will be forced to take certain drugs for a long time, which will not only reduce the size of this formation and lead to the appearance of menstruation, but also make pregnancy possible.

Often in modern women, menstruation disappears due to a sharp weight loss. Now it is very fashionable to be thin. But few people know that weight loss to 45 kg or less leads to amenorrhea due to a decrease in the fat layer in which the female hormone estrogen is formed. Anorexia is a very dangerous condition that leads to exhaustion of the body, cardiovascular and mental illness, and in severe cases, it ends in death.

That is, women should not be afraid of the absence of menstruation, as an independent phenomenon, but of the reasons that led to this.

If a woman does not find deviations in health, but menstruation comes late, and pregnancy is not planned, the doctor may prescribe oral contraceptives. They will not only protect against unwanted pregnancy, but also make the menstrual cycle regular. Menstruation will begin literally hour on the hour every month.

Update: October 2018

Regular menstrual cycle Menstruation occurring at regular intervals is a kind of indicator of a woman's health. But there are often situations when a woman of childbearing age has no menstruation, but the test is negative. Therefore, any delay in menstruation that lasts more than 10 to 14 days requires a visit to a doctor.

Lack of menstruation: what is the norm and what is the pathology?

There is no doubt that every representative of the weaker sex has an idea about the menstrual cycle, its duration, the nature and duration of menstruation. So, the menstrual cycle refers to cyclic changes that occur in the body, and in particular in the ovaries of the uterus, as a result of which the ovaries produce (phase 1) and (stage 2) that affect the endometrium.

Under the influence of sex hormones, proliferative and secretory changes in the uterine mucosa occur, it thickens, fills with blood, that is, it prepares for implantation in the event of conception. If fertilization does not take place, the functional layer of the endometrium is rejected, which is called menstruation.

A normal menstrual cycle lasts 28 days (+/- 7 days). They talk about amenorrhea when there is no menstruation for six months or more. Any deviations, including a delay or a long absence of menstruation, should alert a woman.

What is considered a delay, what is amenorrhea?

If there are no periods for 2 months, but not more than 6 (that is, we are not talking about amenorrhea, but about a delay in menstruation), the disappearance of the latter can lead to:

• irrational nutrition, passion for diets, rapid loss, or, conversely, weight gain;
• discontinuation (COC), non-compliance with the regimen, the use of certain COCs;
• taking corticosteroids, releasing hormone analogues, chemotherapy and radiation;
• inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages (see);
• heavy physical activity, as well as professional sports;
• climate change;
• frequent business trips, air travel;
• psychological problems, emotional experiences, stress;
• alcohol abuse;
• or miscarriage);
• climax.

Physiological amenorrhea

Physiological amenorrhea is determined by natural causes, therefore it is not considered a disease. For example, girls do not menstruate until the dawn of puberty, or women of menopausal age (45 years and older) who are breastfeeding and certainly during pregnancy.

Pathological amenorrhea

Pathological amenorrhea occurs with any neurological, gynecological or endocrine disorders. If menstruation is irregular and occurs every 3 to 4 months, they talk about oligomenorrhea and you should look for the true cause of this violation. All other short delays and the cessation of menstruation for a short time are not very serious violations of the cycle. In turn, pathological amenorrhea is divided into primary and secondary.

• Primary

In the absence of both monthly and secondary sexual characteristics in a 14-year-old girl or in a 16-year-old girl with signs of puberty, but no menstruation, they speak of primary amenorrhea. In turn, primary amenorrhea is false and true.

False amenorrhea - the absence of periodic blood discharge from the uterus and / or vagina, and cyclic changes occur in the ovaries, uterus, mammary glands. The cause of this condition is anatomical anomalies in the development of the organs of the reproductive system (infection of the hymen, atresia of the vagina and / or cervical canal, absence of the uterus). As a result, menstrual blood accumulates in the vagina, or in the uterus and/or tubes.

True amenorrhea- not only there are no periods, but also there are no cyclic changes in the reproductive sphere and throughout the body. With true amenorrhea, a low content of sex hormones is observed and the hormonal activity of the ovaries is reduced, which does not cause structural changes in the endometrium, as a result of which menstruation does not occur.

• Secondary amenorrhea

It is called the cessation of menstruation for six months or more after previous regular menstruation.

Why is there no menstruation for a long time?

In the absence of menstruation, one should look for causes that contribute to the violation of the cycle and provoke the development of amenorrhea. To begin with, pregnancy should be excluded, not forgetting about the ectopic (see). Causes of amenorrhea:

Primary

• genetic and chromosomal abnormalities (Swyer syndrome, Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, testicular feminization syndrome, etc.);
• disorders of the cerebral cortex-hypothalamus-pituitary system, which lead to disturbances in the cyclic connection between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries and uterus (hypopituitarism, hypogonadotropic syndrome, delayed sexual development, etc.);
• malformations of the organs of the genital area (atresia of the vagina, aplasia of the uterus, infection of the hymen);
• pituitary tumors (craniopharyngioma);

Secondary

• psychogenic amenorrhea (prolonged stress);
• bulimia and anorexia;
• hyperprolactinemia (possible both functional and organic as a result of the occurrence of prolactinoma);
• endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus and thyroid pathology: thyrotoxicosis);
• premature ovarian failure syndrome (premature menopause);
• virilizing ovarian tumors;
• tumors of the adrenal glands, hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex (adrenogenital syndrome);
• atresia of the cervical canal (frequent intrauterine interventions);
• intrauterine synechia (Asherman's syndrome);
• resistant ovary syndrome.

Signs of primary amenorrhea

If menstruation is absent in adolescent girls (16 years of age and older), gonadal dysgenesis should be ruled out first. There are 3 forms.

• Typical dysgenesis or Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome is distinguished by a 45 / X0 karyotype (normally, a female karyotype should contain 46 chromosomes, and the last pair should be “female”, that is, XX).
• With an erased form gonadal dysgenesis, the karyotype has a mosaic character, that is, 45X alternate with 46XX.
• With mixed form in the karyotype, either the Y chromosome or its segment is present and mosaicism (45X / 46XY) is noted.
• In the study of the karyotype and the detection of 46 / XX or 4XY, they speak of a pure form of gonadal dysgenesis.

All of these forms have their own characteristic clinical symptoms, but they are also united by a number of common features:

• never had a period;
• secondary sexual characteristics are either absent or their underdevelopment is observed;
• genital infantilism;
• high content of gonadotropins, mainly FSH, which is typical for postmenopause;
• a karyotype with a pathological set of chromosomes, and the sex chromatin is significantly reduced;
• the progestogen test is negative, but gives a positive result with the introduction of estrogens and progestogens;
• on ultrasound, instead of the ovaries, connective tissue strands are found in which there are no follicles, and the endometrium in the uterus is linear, and the size of the uterus is reduced.

In case of functional disorder, which is observed after infections, malnutrition, against the background of anemia and other extragenital diseases, the girl has a delay in sexual development (menarche, breast enlargement, the appearance of pubic hair and axillary cavities occur after 16 years). Such late puberty is typical of northern peoples and is due to the constitutional nature, which is influenced by climate, nutrition (lack of vitamins, the predominance of monotonous food) and heredity. In addition to the absence of menstruation, underdevelopment of secondary sexual characteristics and organs of the reproductive system, the patients have no other complaints.

With organic damage to the system of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland The most common is a pituitary tumor. But there may be a history of severe neuroinfection (meningitis or encephalitis), as well as a genetic anomaly (Kallman's syndrome).

In case of false amenorrhea in the absence of a hole in the hymen or obstruction of the cervical canal in a girl, the secondary sexual characteristics are well developed, but menstruation is absent, but on the days of possible menstruation, the patient experiences cramping pains in the lower abdomen (menstrual flow accumulates in the uterus or in the vagina, not being able to pour out).

In case of uterine aplasia, which is often combined with the absence of a vagina, there are secondary signs of sexual development (the ovaries are present and successfully produce sex hormones), but there is no menstruation.

Secondary amenorrhea

Numerous abortions, surgical interventions

Often, secondary amenorrhea is observed in women of childbearing age after numerous curettage, intrauterine interventions, and surgical abortion.

• In one case, atresia develops (fusion of the cervical canal), due to damage to its basement membrane. At the same time, the patient complains about the cessation of menstruation, but on the days of the expected bloody discharge, she experiences cramping pains in the lower abdomen.
• In another case, the uterine form of amenorrhea develops, when connective tissue bridges, synechia, form in the uterine cavity. In addition to stopped menstruation, there are no other complaints.

Fascination with diets

In order to reduce weight, young women and girls adhere to low-calorie diets or even starve, as a result of which anorexia develops. The lack of proteins in food leads to a decrease in the production of gonadotropins, which forms a functional disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. After questioning and examination, in addition to the disappeared menstruation (often women turn after a year of absence of menstruation), atrophy of the mucous membranes of the vagina and vulva, a decrease in the size of the uterus, and, of course, a significant lack of body weight are revealed.

pituitary tumors

With an organic disorder in the connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, there is often galactorrhea (the secretion of milk from their mammary glands, not associated with pregnancy), which is observed with a pituitary tumor (prolactinoma). But in addition to a pituitary tumor, galactorrhea, along with secondary amenorrhea, can also develop due to other factors:

• nervous tension
• endocrine pathology
• neuroinfections
• medication

Resistant ovary syndrome

Resistant ovary syndrome occurs in women 35 years of age and younger. In the anamnesis, a woman, as a rule, has an autoimmune pathology, hereditary burden, frequent infections, possibly tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, diabetes mellitus, platelet purpura, myasthenia gravis, etc. In addition to the cessation of menstruation, there are some hypoestrogenic manifestations (atrophic changes in the mucous membranes of the vulva and vagina, petechial hemorrhages, redness). But there are no signs of early menopause, although the level of gonadotropins is elevated.

Ovarian exhaustion syndrome (premature menopause)

It occurs in women under 40 years of age. The clinic is quite characteristic. From the anamnesis it becomes known that sexual development and menarche in time, childbearing and menstrual functions are not disturbed. The cessation of menstruation is preceded by oligomenorrhea, and then characteristic signs of menopause appear (hot flashes, excessive sweating, weakness, etc.). There is a progress of atrophic changes in the genitals and mammary glands.

Psychogenic amenorrhea

It develops against the background of prolonged or constant stress, nervous strain. There are no symptoms of menopause against the background of the absence of menstruation, and menstruation itself stops suddenly. It is caused by various one-time or long-term effects on the cerebral cortex - one-time severe stress (death of a loved one, etc.) or prolonged stress (amenorrhea "prison" or "wartime").

Ovulation and pregnancy on the background of missing periods

It is not excluded the possibility of becoming pregnant against the background of amenorrhea, that is, a prolonged absence of menstruation. If the causes of amenorrhea are not serious enough (although, of course, there are no non-serious diseases), then spontaneous ovulation is possible, and, consequently, conception. But with any form of amenorrhea, you should not rely on chance, you need to be examined and undergo appropriate treatment from a competent specialist.

Against the backdrop of breastfeeding

Not all women know that it is possible to get pregnant in the absence of menstruation. Most often, this situation develops against the background of breastfeeding. But it must be remembered that breastfeeding is a very unreliable method of contraception, even if all conditions are met (breaks between feedings are 4 hours or less during the day, and no longer than 6 hours at night, the absence of menstruation and supplementary feeding of the child with mixtures, the use of the method only in the first six months after childbirth).

It is important for nursing mothers to remember that ovulation occurs 2 weeks (+/- 5 days) before the first menstruation and it is unlikely that a woman busy with a child and household chores is able to pay attention to the signs of an upcoming and occurring ovulation (changes in the nature of vaginal discharge, see, minor lower abdominal pain).

Teenage girls

The same applies to adolescent girls who are not yet menstruating but are showing secondary signs of puberty to a moderate or early degree. Even if puberty has just begun, the occurrence of menarche is possible at any time, which indicates that ovulation has occurred.

However, the formation of menstrual function at puberty can stretch for a period of 1-3 years, with long delays and irregular periods, which does not exclude ovulation and possible pregnancy.

Premenopausal women

Women in premenopausal age, even with menopausal symptoms and long delays, should also be wary of pregnancy in the absence of menstruation. It is indisputable that in premenopause the number of ovulations significantly decreases (that is, they do not occur in every cycle), but the risk of late pregnancy remains. Only in the absence of menstruation for a year after the last one can we talk about menopause and stop using protection.

Absence of menstruation against the background of oral contraceptives

Many women use estrogen-progestin preparations, that is, combined oral contraceptives, to prevent pregnancy (see). But sometimes there are situations when, after the end of taking COCs or their cancellation, menstruation does not occur. This is possible in the following cases:

• Missed pill, missed pill

In case of violation of the COC regimen (I forgot to take the next pill, vomiting occurred, delayed the intake by 4 hours or more), you should drink the missed pill as soon as possible and protect yourself with additional means (condom) in the next 3 days. But even under such conditions, the possibility of becoming pregnant is not excluded. If there are no periods during the 7-day break, when menstrual discharge should begin, first of all, you need to take a pregnancy test and see a doctor (usually a gynecologist prescribes a blood hCG test, which indicates pregnancy). The possibility of an ectopic pregnancy is also not excluded, because COCs weaken the peristalsis of the fallopian tubes.

• Reception of low-dose drugs of a new generation

Low-dose COCs, especially the latest generation (jess, claira), are usually prescribed to women who have heavy periods. Low doses of the progestogen component do not allow the endometrium to grow significantly, which not only reduces blood loss, but also reduces the amount of desquamated endometrium. Menstruation against the background of taking COCs becomes scarce and short, and possibly (after 2-3 months of use and their disappearance). In this case, additionally assigned. But often there is only a slight delay in menstruation (no more than 3 - 5 days).

• Ovarian hyperinhibition syndrome

It is also possible that after prolonged use of COCs, especially with a high and medium content of hormones, the production of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland is suppressed, the ovaries are "unaccustomed" to produce their own hormones, and, as a result, secondary amenorrhea occurs. This refers to iatrogenic causes of cessation of menstruation, but no special treatment is required, menstruation usually recovers 3 or 4 months after discontinuation of the drug.

No menstruation: what to do?

Regardless of whether there is no menstruation for a short or long time, there is primary or secondary amenorrhea, you should contact a specialist as soon as possible and undergo a prescribed examination that will help determine the reason for the cessation or absence of menstruation. Therapy, both amenorrhea and delayed menstruation, is aimed at eliminating the cause, and the possibility of becoming pregnant (if any).

Restoring missing periods is sometimes a difficult task. But any treatment begins with the normalization of the regime of the day and rest, rational and nutritious nutrition and the elimination of stress factors. As a rule, with a constitutional delay in sexual development with primary amenorrhea, as well as in the syndrome of psychogenic secondary amenorrhea, these measures are sufficient.

underweight

Significant weight loss or anorexia requires not only the appointment of a high-calorie and easily digestible diet, but often the consultation of a psychologist and psychiatrist with the reception and tranquilizers. Cyclic vitamin therapy for up to six months is also shown. If menstruation has not resumed after the measures taken, low-dose COCs are prescribed (at least 3-6 cycles), and then, after weight and cycle recovery, ovulation is stimulated with clomiphene.

Inflammation of the appendages or uterus

If the reason for the absence of menstruation is inflammation of the uterus and appendages, then anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out, followed by a course of physiotherapy and the appointment of COCs for a duration of 3-6 cycles. In case of ovarian tumors, especially virilizing ones, they are removed. Sclerocystosis of the ovaries, leading to infertility, is an indication for laparoscopic surgery, during which the wedge-shaped ovaries are resected, which contributes to the stimulation of ovulation and conception in 70% of cases.

Taking oral contraceptives

If the violation of the menstrual cycle is associated with the start of taking estrogen-progestin contraceptives (a delay in menstruation by several days), the expectant management of the patient is used for 2 to 3 months. This time is necessary for the "addiction" of the body to the intake of sex hormones from the outside. If there is no menstruation for 7 or more days after the end of taking pills designed for one cycle, a progestogen drug is added as a treatment, which stimulates the growth of the endometrium, and after its cancellation, its rejection (duphaston, utrogestan or progesterone intramuscularly). With constant delays in menstruation while taking COCs, the doctor selects another, with slightly increased doses of hormones.

Frequent delays, disruption of the cycle

With an irregular cycle, frequent delays in menstruation and the absence of concomitant chronic extragenital diseases, it is recommended to take homeopathic remedies (remens, climadion, mastodinone), which establish the hypothalamic-pituitary connection and normalize the menstrual cycle.

Thyroid diseases

Pathology of the thyroid gland often causes the cessation of menstruation for a long time, so it is necessary to correct the treatment of the underlying disease (prescription of thyroid hormones).

Malformations of the genital organs

In case of malformations of the antenatal development of the genital organs or their acquired structural changes (synechia, atresia of the cervical canal, occluded hymen), they resort to surgical intervention (dissection of the hymen, vaginal plastic surgery, and excision of synechiae, probing of the cervical canal).

If chromosomal abnormalities or gonadal dysgenesis are diagnosed, then if the Y-chromosome is found in the karyotype, they are removed laparoscopically (malignancy prevention), after which lifelong (until the age of natural cessation of menstruation) hormone replacement therapy (for example, femoston) is prescribed. Such therapy is also carried out in the absence of the Y chromosome, but without prior surgery and is aimed at stimulating cyclic processes in the uterine mucosa, the appearance of menstruation, reducing gonadotropins and preventing diseases that develop with estrogen deficiency (osteoporosis, cardiovascular pathology, obesity).

pituitary tumors

With amenorrhea, combined with galactorrhea, either bromocriptine is prescribed to suppress the synthesis of prolactin and milk production, and in the case of a pituitary tumor, surgery or radiation therapy is performed.

If after the treatment, which includes not only the resumption of menstruation, but also hormonal stimulation of ovulation, a woman cannot become pregnant, then she is recommended to resort to reproductive technologies (in vitro fertilization, donor eggs).

Delayed menstruation with a negative test is common in modern women. Hormonal disorders, excess weight, inactive lifestyle, changing climatic conditions, stress - all this provokes menstrual irregularities. As soon as you find your period is a few days late, get a pregnancy test from the pharmacy to make a home diagnosis. This will allow with a high probability to exclude conception and select effective ways to restore the menstrual cycle.

How to recognize a delay in menstruation? 1

A normal menstrual cycle lasts 21-35 days. If the test is negative, but there is no menstruation, you need to contact a gynecologist. against the background of a negative pregnancy test is a reason for an additional examination. During the diagnosis, you can establish the true causes of the absence of menstruation. Keep in mind that a negative late test can be false, especially if you take it on the day of your expected period, when the level of hCG (a hormone that is produced after fertilization and fixation of the egg) is insufficient to determine pregnancy.

The delay of menstruation is divided into several types:

● violation of the cycle, which is accompanied by rare menstruation with an interval of 40-60 days, while the duration of menstrual bleeding is only 1-2 days;

● the cycle lengthens, lasts more than 35 days, and menstruation is late;

● absence of menstruation for more than 6 months.

The usual delay in menstruation lasts several days and does not pose a threat to health. But if menstruation constantly comes irregularly, late for weeks and months, then you need to sound the alarm. Signs of delay against the background of cycle disorders are practically no different from the manifestations of the first weeks of pregnancy. The symptoms for both of these conditions are similar.

Delayed menstruation and possible pregnancy 2

How can a woman understand what she has? Testing would be the ideal solution. If the results are doubtful, a barely noticeable second strip appears, beware and consult a doctor. Retest the next day. Buy it from another pharmacy to eliminate the risk of using low-quality products. The sooner you find out about the onset of pregnancy, the better. If there is even the slightest doubt, it is better to consult a gynecologist before taking any drugs or using medical techniques.

At an early stage, pregnancy can be accurately determined only by the results of an ultrasound (ultrasound examination) or a blood test for the presence of hCG (pregnancy hormone). Ultrasound examination allows not only to confirm conception, but also to determine the number of fetuses, determine the fetal heartbeat and assess the risk of miscarriage based on the condition of the uterus.

It is possible to independently suspect the development of pregnancy against the background of a delay in menstruation only by presumptive signs:

● an increase in basal temperature (the lowest temperature reached by the body during rest) to 36.9-37.1 ° C: by the beginning of the first phase of the menstrual cycle, it usually has lower values, which indicates the imminent onset of menstruation;

● breast engorgement;

● changeability of mood;

● discoloration of the external genitalia: the mucous membrane of the genitals and vagina acquires a bluish tint (this happens due to high blood supply);

● pulling pains in the lower abdomen: they occur against the background of the attachment of the embryo to the walls of the uterus.

Causes of delayed menstruation in the absence of pregnancy 3

Why are there no periods, but the test is negative? Every modern woman has asked this question at least once in her life. Even the most effective methods of contraception are not 100% guaranteed. Therefore, any delay should alert the woman and force her to take a simple pregnancy test.

The causes of menstrual irregularities and lack of menstruation can be very different:

● stressful situations, strong emotional shock;

● frequent fluctuations in weight, severe dietary restrictions;

● change of climate zone;

● start taking hormonal contraceptives, switching to another method of contraception from unwanted pregnancy;

● recent operations on the genitals;

● hormonal diseases;

● obesity or, conversely, lack of body weight;

● previous abortions;

● inflammatory processes of the genitourinary organs;

● neoplasms of the uterus, ovaries.

The main reason for a delay in menstruation with a negative test is a failure in the cycle caused by stress or hormonal changes. If such a problem occurs periodically, we can talk about a persistent violation of the menstrual cycle. Only a gynecologist can make an accurate diagnosis, after receiving complex diagnostic data. When contacting the clinic, a woman will be offered to undergo an examination, laboratory blood tests, and an ultrasound examination.

The sooner you seek help from specialists, the sooner you will be prescribed an effective treatment for cycle disorders and detected diseases. Don't forget to bring past exam data to your doctor's appointment. Some women are asked by specialists to show a menstrual calendar that reflects the constancy, duration and other features of the menstrual cycle.

In recent years, women have begun to take the periodic absence of menstruation lightly and frivolously. They are in no hurry to consult a gynecologist, which leads to a belated start of treatment and a deplorable result. Many benign neoplasms of the genital organs grow without severe pain and discomfort, but they often knock down the cycle due to hormonal disorders that occur.

Any delay in menstruation with a negative test is a cause for concern. The regularity of the menstrual cycle is an indicator of women's health. If you do not pay close attention to it, skip the alarming symptoms, then in the future there may be problems with conception, childbearing and childbirth.

The hormonal background of a woman reacts sharply to adverse effects: stress, treatment with antibiotics and other potent drugs, alcohol consumption, smoking, climate change. Menstruation can disappear with a passion for sports, when the body is subjected to serious stress, especially when combined with diet therapy. Cycle disorders often appear during the holidays, when a woman spends a lot of time under the scorching sun, abruptly switches to a different diet.

Almost always, menstrual irregularities occur due to hormonal imbalance, malfunctions of the glands involved in the regulation of the basic functions of the body and the ovaries. And, as you know, hormones directly affect the condition of a woman - her beauty, mood, performance and life expectancy. The longer the menstrual function lasts, the better the woman will feel. With the cessation of the production of female sex hormones, the risk of developing arthrosis (age-related joint deformity), arthritis (joint deformity that does not depend on age) and other joint pathologies, as well as cardiovascular diseases, increases sharply.

What to do with a delay in menstruation and a negative test? 4

A negative test with a delay is a reason to contact your gynecologist. Do not rush to do the test on the day of the expected menstruation - wait 2-3 days. This period is considered harmless - a slight deviation in the date of menstruation is a variant of the norm. It is better to do two pregnancy tests from a different manufacturer. Then the probability of obtaining a false negative result will be practically reduced to zero.

Do not try to induce menstruation using dangerous and untested methods of traditional medicine - this can lead to bleeding and increased signs of the underlying disease. The duration of the menstrual cycle is under the control of sex hormones, which can only be affected by special preparations. They should be selected by a doctor - and only on the basis of laboratory diagnostics, determination of the level of hormones in the blood and the results of an ultrasound examination. With timely appeal for help, cycle disorders can be easily corrected.

So, if you have a negative pregnancy test and no periods, make an appointment with a gynecologist to dispel all doubts and start treatment in a timely manner, if any violations are found. Every woman should maintain her health for as long as possible, because this is the key to her femininity, beauty and physical activity.

• 1. Serova T. A. Women's health: the menstrual cycle and hormones in classical and alternative medicine //Rostov n/D: Phoenix. - 2000. S. 416.
• 2. Curtis G., Schuler D. Guide to pregnancy. From conception to childbirth. // Moscow / Ed. Eksmo - 2006 P. 320
• 3. Baranaeva N. Yu. Normal menstrual cycle and its disorders // Concilium Provisorum. - 2002. - Vol. 2. - No. 3. - S. 21-25.
• 4. Serov V., Prilepskaya V. N., Ovsyannikova T. V. Gynecological endocrinology. - M: MEDpress-inform, 2004. S. 528

Absence of menstruation is a problem that every woman faces. There is a primary absence when menstruation does not start during puberty (a very rare phenomenon, so we did not consider it in our article) and secondary, the causes of which we systematized and described below.

Reason #1: Pregnancy

As trite as it sounds, the main cause of absence of menstruation is pregnancy. In fact, this is the only reason why menstruation does not come in a healthy woman.

To confirm or, on the contrary, exclude this option, we recommend using special tests that are sold today in any pharmacy without any restrictions.

If the test shows a negative result, but you feel other signs of pregnancy (dizziness, nausea, mood swings, general malaise), it is recommended to contact the clinic and have an ultrasound.

Usually, the normal cycle is restored within a year after pregnancy.

Reason number 2: hormonal disorders

Except pregnancy cause of absence of menstruation hormonal disorders and related diseases can become: for example, ovarian dysfunction. Cases are also described when the reason for the absence of menstruation was the incorrect intake of oral contraceptives (OC).

Malfunctions in the hormonal system are detected with the help of special tests. Usually, periods are restored after therapy, which can last up to a year.

Reason number 3: menopause (menopause)

Menstruation may be absent. as a result of age-related hormonal changes in the body. At the age of 45-50, a woman usually goes through menopause (menopause), after which periods disappear completely.

In this case, there is no need to worry. Such age-related changes are normal and serve as an indicator of the presence of any pathologies.

Reason #4: Anorexia or Bulimia

For women and girls suffering from these diseases, severe exhaustion is characteristic. Pregnancy and bearing a child in this situation is simply impossible and highly dangerous to health. In addition, blood loss time of menstruation can also lead to disastrous consequences.

It is for this reason that the protective functions of the body are turned on, as a result of which periods stop.

As you recover and gain muscle and fat mass, your periods are restored, but the restoration of childbearing function in such a situation can take up to several years.

Reason number 5: endocrine diseases

Thyroid disorders that cause metabolic problems can become cause of absence of menstruation. However, such examples in medical practice are quite rare.

As a rule, with successful treatment of the underlying disease, the cycle normalizes.

Reason #6: Cancer

Cancer, like other oncological diseases, often causes not only absence of menstruation but also infertility. Surgery, chemotherapy, large doses of medications - all this can cause a violation of the cycle.

Reason #7: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

A complication of many STIs (especially in an advanced state or in a chronic stage) can be absence of menstruation.

After a complete cure of the underlying disease, the patient is prescribed hormone therapy to restore and normalize the cycle. Treatment in this case is determined depending on the individual characteristics of each patient. And if the cycle can be normalized almost always, childbearing functions are not restored after some STDs.

Reason #8: Alcohol or drug abuse

Long-term alcohol and drug addiction causes cycle disorders in almost 100% of cases. The absence of menstruation is observed already within a year after a person begins to drink or use drugs.

Such a lifestyle, as a rule, completely destroys the reproductive system, which makes its subsequent restoration an extremely difficult task.

Reason #9: Stress and Depression

The bad ecological situation in modern cities, information overload, overwork can cause stress and depression. These conditions often cause changes in the body, one of which may be the absence of menstruation.

Chicle recovery usually occurs fairly quickly once mental health returns to normal. Thus, the problem has a non-systemic, but rather situational character.

In any case, the absence of menstruation is a serious reason for contacting a gynecologist. A timely visit to a specialist will help you find out the cause of the problem. A comprehensive treatment will restore your health.

You can get all the necessary information and make an appointment at our clinic. We will conduct all the necessary research and help you recover as soon as possible!

If a woman notices that there has been no menstruation for a long time, but she is not pregnant, she needs to look for the reasons for such a deviation with the help of specialists. Gynecology is a rather specific science; it is not possible to diagnose diseases in this area on your own. It would be best to go to the hospital as soon as possible, where they can provide timely assistance and understand the reasons for the absence of menstruation.

Of course, one can hesitate for a long time and hope that the situation will normalize by itself. This almost never happens, and over time, a woman faces even greater difficulties. If a girl does not have a period, but is not pregnant, a specialist consultation is required.

Etiology of the disease

There are a lot of options for why the menstrual cycle failed. After a comprehensive diagnosis, the only true one of them will be able to determine exactly the doctor who will be prescribed complex treatment in the future.

As a rule, a failure in the menstrual cycle occurs due to such reasons:

1. Ovarian dysfunction. The failure of the menstrual cycle and constant delays are a notorious dysfunction. A similar phenomenon can occur as a result of a huge number of negative changes in the body. There is no single answer here.
2. Excessive exercise or stress. Difficulties at work, in relationships with other people, constant frustration and unpleasant life situations provoke serious stress in the body that affects the state of health. In order to normalize the menstrual cycle, you must first eliminate the root cause, and only then take on the gynecological aspect of the issue.
3. Abrupt climate change. Frequent moving, traveling to the sea or the abuse of solariums primarily affect the reproductive system. After the body adapts to new conditions, the menstrual cycle usually normalizes.
4. Overweight problems. Excess or lack of muscle mass in any case should not be ignored! Of course, if the problem has only manifested itself, interruptions in the reproductive system may not be observed. However, in just a few years, they will in any case disturb a negligent woman.
5. Poisoning and subsequent intoxication. Tobacco, drug and alcohol use can be the reason for the absence of menstruation, in addition to pregnancy. You need to change your lifestyle! And only then contact a gynecologist for a comprehensive treatment.
6. hereditary predisposition. A similar factor, even if rare, however, takes place. There are no anatomical problems here, and it is unlikely that it will be possible to get rid of the defect. It remains only to accept and, if necessary, take the drugs prescribed by the doctor, at least a little stabilizing the situation.

Even if the problem has already made itself felt, you should not panic. The main thing is to ask for help in time. Then the chances of getting rid of the disease without significant losses increase.

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Gynecological manifestations

Another important reason for delays is the occurrence of tumors, both benign and malignant. This problem needs to be diagnosed as early as possible. Otherwise, the disease can have serious consequences, even death.

The reasons for the absence of menstruation can also lie in an incorrectly installed spiral or chronic inflammatory processes that have affected the genitourinary system.

As a rule, the elimination of the irritating factor leads to a complete and fairly rapid normalization of the cycle.

Miscarriages and abortions that take place in the lives of many modern women cause severe stress in the body, which it can fight with a variety of means. One of them is a violation of the cycle, lasting for several months. As a rule, everything normalizes by itself, but there are cases when it can not do without the help of specialists.

Preventing unwanted pregnancies is a serious decision, and only carefully thought-out steps need to be taken. Especially when it comes to hormonal contraceptives. The substances contained in them subordinate the menstrual cycle to the pill-taking pattern. If for some reason a woman refuses to take them, amenorrhea is inevitably observed for several months. A similar situation is observed in the event that a woman goes to extreme measures and takes emergency contraceptives. The hormonal background changes very quickly, which never passes without a trace for the body.

When there is no period, but not pregnancy, this may indicate the so-called polycystic ovary syndrome. Under this rather difficult name lies a serious hormonal failure, provoked by a violation of the ovaries. Recognizing the disease is very simple: a woman is rapidly recovering, she becomes overweight and has male pattern hair. However, visual assessment is not always a 100% diagnosis. It is urgently necessary to pass a number of tests and visit a antenatal clinic. Polycystic ovary syndrome is certainly dangerous, but the disease is successfully treated with a properly selected hormonal course of drugs.

What else should you know about the situation?

It seems that all the reasons have been studied, but the necessary one has still not been found? This means that other related problems that could well provoke a violation of the cycle are overlooked. In particular, we are talking about a disease such as diabetes mellitus, as well as problems of the endocrine system or adrenal glands. Every hypothesis needs to be tested! Then the root cause of the disease will soon reveal itself.

In addition, the causes of violations can be caused by the following aspects of life:

1. Taking medication. Anabolics, powerful antidepressants and a number of other medicines can have a whole range of side effects. Usually, the cycle of menstruation returns after the medication ends. However, if this does not happen, it is advisable to consult with your doctor. He certainly can help resolve such a complex issue.
2. Climax. One of the most common causes of delayed menstruation, which is purely anatomical in nature. Of course, you don’t need to be scared and ask why the menstruation stopped. But it's still worth visiting the gynecologist's office.

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If the menstruation expected in the very near future does not make itself felt for a long time: about two or even more months, you should in any case go to the doctor and not discount the probable pregnancy. Medicine knows cases when women did not suspect their position for a long time, even despite its obvious signs. And only if the pregnancy is denied by the doctor, you can start looking for another reason.

2 months without menstruation - this is a solid period for which you need to take at least some action to save your body. The first step is a visit to the gynecologist. Further, the help of other specialists may also be required.