Eczema of the newborn. Microbial eczema in children

Characteristics and features

Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The main manifestations of the disease are rashes localized on various parts of the skin, as well as severe itching, burning, pain in the area of the affected skin, causing considerable discomfort to the child.

Advanced forms of childhood eczema look like blisters with a thin shell, prone to permanent damage. The skin of the newborn becomes wet and clammy, sometimes with traces of fresh pus.

The affected area of an unpleasant ailment is considered to be sensitive areas of the child's body - cheeks, limbs, in extreme cases, the stomach and back. Severe forms of the disease worsen the general condition of the child, there is anxiety, causeless crying and depression.

The birth of your offspring is a real, inexplicable miracle, because for a tiny man, you are the whole world, and it depends only on your care what it will become for him. If a rash appears on the body of the baby, do not delay with an unscheduled examination by a pediatrician.

A sick child is restless, does not sleep well. He may have a fever for a long time, lymph nodes increase.

Such patients do not tolerate colds well, they develop otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis and other complications of SARS. For this reason, potent antibiotics are often prescribed, which increase the allergic reaction.

In this case, the transformation of childhood eczema into bronchial asthma is possible. Therefore, treatment with antimicrobial agents for eczema should be combined with antihistamines.

Treatment of children's eczema

It is possible to treat a child, especially a breastfeeding one, on your own, but it is better not to risk the health of your own child. For a quick recovery of the baby, a qualified pediatrician prescribes a whole range of medical procedures.

A number of medications are prescribed that can fight the disease “from the inside”. During treatment, the child and the mother who breastfeeds him sit on a sparing diet that excludes allergic reactions.

Physiotherapy is carried out as an addition to drugs and ointments. For a child's body - taking medication, a real stress and test.

According to the pediatrician's prescription, treatment is carried out only with the use of antihistamines. Severe itching and pain are relieved with ointments and lotions.

Thus, the child does not have to injure the inflamed skin. It will not be superfluous to take healing herbal baths that have a calming effect.

Equally important is the atmosphere in the family, because the care of parents, their patience and calmness will set the baby in the right mood.

After birth, the baby may often experience dry skin and peeling. This is largely due to the fact that for 9 months the baby was in a humid environment, and after he was born, the air environment can contribute to dry skin. This is facilitated by every bathing of the baby, which is why scales appear.

But not only the air dries the epidermis of the child. Many newborns have very delicate and sensitive skin, it can react to cosmetics, synthetic clothing, food that a nursing mother eats, etc.

This dry skin is called eczema or atopic dermatitis. Symptoms of the disease are different.

It usually starts with two red spots on the cheeks. Sometimes it is dryness behind the ears or scaly formations on the head.

As the disease progresses, spots may appear on the arms and legs, abdomen, and thighs. Children's eczema can be expressed in red or white spots, as well as in the form of colorless swelling.

If inflammatory dermatitis appears, then this is due to skin contact with an allergen. Eczema or rashes may appear. With external exposure to an irritant, rashes appear exactly in the place where contact occurred. If an allergen comes into contact with mother's milk, eczema in a child can appear anywhere.

If the disease is not treated in childhood, it can later transform into ordinary eczema.

Eczema in a child is a chronic skin disease caused by the influence of internal and external allergens.

Young children often develop hypersensitivity to food allergens, especially to cow's milk proteins, which is manifested by eczematous rashes.

According to the features of the course, eczema is divided into the following types:

dyshidrotic eczema;
microbial eczema;
seborrheic eczema;
true eczema;
Kaposi's eczema.

Children have all kinds of eczema.

The reasons

Eczema, as an independent disease, in adults and children proceeds according to a similar principle. The reasons why the skin suffers from itchy rashes are also the same. Only two types of factors can affect the human body - internal and external. The internal root causes of eczema include:

primary and secondary infections (fungi);
diseases of the endocrine system of the baby (the child was still breastfeeding);
improper balance of vitamins in the body;
disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
the presence of helminths.

In the development of this disease, allergic and exudative-catarrhal diathesis play a very important role, which by its nature is not at all a dangerous pathological condition for a child, but only creates favorable conditions for the development of eczema in the future.

And the most unpleasant thing is that diathesis can occur in the body for a very long time without any visible manifestations. And only during the period of an unfavorable state of the body's immune system, with improper care of the child or improper nutrition, it can make itself felt.

Eczema is most often an allergic disease. The reason for it lies in the genetic factor. If one of the child's parents suffers from bronchial asthma or hay fever, then there is a rather big chance that the child will suffer from atopic dermatitis.

Provoking factors:

stressful situations.
Detergents that are used for body care.
Acute allergic reactions.
Diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract and other organs.
Disturbed metabolism.
Decreased immunity.

The developing inflammatory process has an allergic nature. Of great importance in the development of eczema in children is a genetically determined (hereditary) predisposition.

The development of eczema is due to various factors affecting the body in a complex.

Disturbances in the immune system; - hereditary predisposition to various allergies; - hypovitaminosis, especially vitamins of group B; - deficiency of unsaturated fatty acids and trace elements; - diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, fungal infections; - cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder); - chronic diseases that deplete the immune system : caries, sinusitis, tonsillitis, etc.

Rashes are an external manifestation of the body's reaction to an irritating factor - an allergen. Irritants are internal and external. An allergic reaction in children can be caused by:

chemicals that were used when washing underwear;
aromatic and flavoring additives in products;
medicines;
inhalation of pollen from flowers, dust or mold particles;
insect bite.

If such eczema appeared in adolescence, then most likely the hormonal disorders of the body are to blame.

This is an allergic disease with a hereditary predisposition. It is not the pathology itself that is transmitted from the parents, but the tendency to develop it. Often in the child's family there are patients with bronchial asthma, hay fever, drug allergies, urticaria and other allergic diseases.

Is eczema passed from mother to child?

Symptoms

Skin diseases, especially in children, can be outwardly similar, so confusing eczema with another ailment is quite simple. The treatment that a qualified doctor (pediatrician) will offer depends on the stage of neglect of the disease. You can recognize and respond to the threat in time if you know the main symptoms of eczema. Signs, the totality of which should alert you:

change in the color of the child's skin;
sudden rashes on the neck, arms, legs of a newborn;
the appearance of blistering pimples on the roughness of the skin;
the formation of crusts at the site of a "wet" rash;
decreased activity of the child;
increased aggression and apathy of the baby;
temperature rise;
lack of food cravings.

Babies who do not know how to talk and contact the world, are the first to react to pain and irritation with tantrums and strong crying. So they ask for help, reporting problems that are not always visible to parents.

Do not ignore your child's mood swings, especially if excessive activity and moodiness are not characteristic of a newborn. Be careful, because it is extremely difficult to notice a small speck - the beginning of eczema.

A treatment that allows you to quickly relieve a child of pain, burning on the skin and stress will be most effective if you do not start an unpleasant ailment.

The first symptoms of childhood eczema, as a rule, make themselves felt already at the initial stages of a child's life by the appearance of red spots on the cheeks and forehead, which after a short period of time gradually increase in size and begin to cover almost the entire face.

Also, signs of eczema can be observed on the neck, wrists, knees, feet, and even on the eyelids.

The skin on the affected areas becomes rougher, while having extensive surfaces devoid of the stratum corneum, and the red spots swell, and then turn into small bubbles that quickly open, leaving erosive foci.

With such rashes, the child may feel unpleasant and strong sensations of biopsy itching and burning.

The leading symptoms of eczema in children are:

rashes affecting large areas;
skin itching;
burning.

In most cases, children are diagnosed with an acute true (idiopathic) form. It most often develops between the ages of 2 and 6 months.

Already in the initial stage of eczema of this variety, multiple primary elements of a bright red color appear on the skin. Vesicles with serous contents are first localized on the face, and then spread to the folds of the limbs (mainly knee and elbow).

In place of burst bubbles, secondary morphological elements are formed - point erosion, which are covered with scales and crusts. The subacute process is characterized by hyperemia of the epidermal layer of the skin, the appearance of puffiness and weeping erosions (ie.

n. "weeping eczema").

The foci of inflammation in some cases acquire a pink-cyanotic hue. Clinical manifestations in this course may spontaneously disappear, and then reappear.

True chronic eczema tends to worsen in the autumn-winter period and in early spring due to a decrease in the amount of vitamins coming from food and the weakening of immunity associated with this.

Eczema in infants is a skin disease.

With it, various types of inflammatory processes appear on the epithelial tissue.

Eczema in infants can be observed from the very first weeks. It should not be treated in the same way as adults are treated, since not all drugs that are prescribed to adult patients are approved for use in infants.

Pediatricians say that over time, the number of babies suffering from the disease is increasing. The disease is especially common in children from one to two months to five to six. Such a number of young patients is easily explained: in the period up to six months in humans, the work of the gastrointestinal tract and the skin did not adapt well.

What species are seen

True. With it, the child develops a rash of a reddish hue. At first, it affects only the front part, but then gradually spreads throughout the body. Bubbles appear. They gradually burst, which causes the formation of crusts. All lesions of the skin are accompanied by severe itching.
Seborrheic. It appears only in places with sebaceous glands, especially in the head. Due to seborrheic eczema, the skin on the head is covered with ulcerative and scaly yellowish bodies.
Microbial (bacterial). It can be caused due to harmful bacteria that have entered the child's body (for example, staphylococci and streptococci), or due to a secondary infection, as a consequence of a primary disease of the epidermis (skin). The body of the baby is affected by ulcerative bodies covered with a crust.

Why does it appear

Before starting to treat the baby, the doctor identifies the cause or several causes that caused the disease and eliminates problematic factors.

Eczema can appear due to small and quickly recovering disorders.

But it is possible that it is caused by serious problems in the body. Therefore, do not try to self-medicate.

The main causes of occurrence:

problems with metabolism, disruption of work in the intestines;
premature consumption of food of artificial origin;
lack of vitamins and nutrients in food;
infection from the mother that occurred during pregnancy;
living in an ecologically harmful environment, exposure to toxins;
any kind of psychological experiences (occurring on a regular basis), shocks;
predisposition to skin diseases, transmitted from parents or close relatives;
violation of hygiene standards, unhealthy lifestyle of the mother during pregnancy (smoking, use of any drugs, alcohol abuse);
an allergic reaction of the body or a predisposition to them;
stool problems, in particular constipation;
the presence of worms;
diseases that are viral or fungal in nature;
insufficiently strong immune system.

Eczema can be caused by just one or several factors. Among them, predisposition at the genetic level is especially common. If one of the parents has a predisposition to skin diseases (not exactly to this), then there is a possibility that the child will have it. And if both parents suffer from eczema, then the possibility of detecting the disease in infants becomes even greater.

Is eczema in the baby - how not to be mistaken

Babies are especially often exposed to various diseases.

Since they usually have an underdeveloped immune system, they often suffer from skin ailments (including dermatitis and eczema) that have basically the same symptoms.

So do not try to cure the child yourself. Lesions appear on the face and, if not treated in time, then spread throughout the body.

Symptoms:

epidermal lesions appear in the form of red spots (usually pronounced);
the child is worried about severe itching;
there is swelling in the affected areas;
the body is covered with a rash;
in a more developed form, bubbles form with a clear liquid;
the baby eats less, and then completely loses its appetite;
from pain and itching, the child becomes nervous, capricious;
in some cases, there is an increased temperature;
in cases of dry eczema, the skin becomes dry, roughness appears.

The most painful symptom for a child is itching. It disturbs the patient throughout the day and becomes even stronger in the evening, so sleep disturbance is possible.

The child scratches itchy areas all the time, which causes wounds. Harmful microorganisms get into them and, developing, cause a secondary infection. In areas of wounds, disease is possible.

How is the disease diagnosed?

You cannot independently identify the cause of the occurrence and prescribe a course of treatment.

Therefore, you need to contact a special doctor who treats eczema in newborns.

He will conduct a diagnosis, during which he will examine the child, if necessary, prescribe additional examinations: a blood test, an allergy test, scrapings from inflamed skin.

Is it possible to cure

There are some differences between the treatment of eczema in infants and adult patients. Since not all drugs are allowed for the treatment of children.

You can get rid of the illness of the child, you just need to see a doctor in time. Before prescribing the necessary course of treatment, you need to understand the cause of the occurrence in order to eliminate the problem factor.

Since the body of infants is completely defenseless, during treatment they are not prescribed drugs that have a strong effect.

Treatment for children looks something like this:

A small patient is prescribed medication (based on the factor that caused eczema). Ointments, creams, harmless cosmetics are used that help improve the appearance of the skin. Allergy medications are often prescribed. If a newborn suffers from a bacterial form of eczema, then he is prescribed individual medications that get rid of this particular type of bacteria.
The doctor can prescribe physiotherapy procedures that are very useful in the fight against this disease.
Often the treatment of eczema is accompanied by keeping a certain diet. Since eczema can be a common allergic reaction to eating artificial food. Young mothers should carefully monitor what they feed young children. Their work in the intestines is somewhat different than in adults. At the slightest malnutrition, problems with the stool appear, a rash may appear. Before you introduce a new dish to your child's diet, check the reaction of his body to a small amount of this food. If eczema is due to food, then it usually appears as a rash and blisters on the cheeks.

Sometimes folk remedies are added to medicines (only proven ones). Here, for example, is one of the recipes for a bath: two hundred grams of oatmeal should be poured into a bath for bathing. Keep the child in it for about fifteen minutes. Do not rinse after the patient. The recipe helps to get rid of inflammatory processes on the skin.

Eczema in infants is a fairly common occurrence at the present time. Doctors are increasingly diagnosing this disease. Eczema is an inflammation of the skin.

The disease can develop in a child in the first months after his birth. Often during this period, babies have dry skin.

Eczema in babies occurs, as a rule, in the period from two months to six months. The fact is that during this period the skin of the child, his gastrointestinal tract has not yet fully adapted to the new conditions of life.

Types of disease

There are three types of disease in young children:

True. It is characterized by bright red rashes that appear first and then spread throughout. When the bubbles burst, crusts gradually form in their place. All this is accompanied by quite severe itching.
. This type of disease likes to appear in places with sebaceous glands. So, for example, eczema on a baby will be seborrheic. At the same time, sores with a yellow tint and scales appear on the affected areas.
at the breast. As a rule, it occurs as a result of the development in the baby's body of an infection caused by staphylococci or streptococci. In this case, ulcers appear, covered with crusts.

The reasons

Why can a disease appear in young children? The causes of eczema in infants are as follows:

improper metabolism, dysbacteriosis,
insufficient content of nutrients in food, artificial feeding,
infection in the womb
exposure to any toxic substances
nervous shocks and disorders,
hereditary factor,
during the mother led the wrong way of life,
allergies,
frequent constipation.
worm infestation,
viral diseases,
weak immunity.

These are the main factors that provoke the development of eczema in an infant. Depending on the cause, weeping eczema in the baby may also occur.

Symptoms

Most often, eczema appears on the face in infants. However, it can then spread throughout the body.

The main symptoms of this disease are:

redness of the affected areas,
intolerable itching,
inflammation swelling,
rash,
inside the bubbles is liquid,
loss of appetite,
irritability, nervousness, the child is constantly naughty,
temperature increase is possible
dry skin, peeling.

The main symptom is a rather severe itching, which becomes more intense in the evening. Unfortunately, it is very difficult for children to endure it, so they comb these places. As a result, an infection can enter the wounds, which will lead to the spread of inflammation, which will be more difficult to get rid of.

Diagnostics

To make the most accurate diagnosis, the baby must be shown to a specialist. The doctor conducts a visual examination, if necessary, he will prescribe additional examinations, for example:

blood,
allergen tests,
scrapings from inflamed areas.

Therapy

Treatment of eczema in infants is similar to that used in adults. The difference lies in the set of drugs and means for treatment.

The body of the little man is still not strong enough, so the kids are not prescribed potent drugs.

Therapy of the disease consists in the use of:

Various medicines. Various creams and ointments are used externally, which have a beneficial and therapeutic effect on the skin. Preparations containing hormones can only be used as prescribed by doctors. Specialists can prescribe antiallergic drugs. If necessary, it is possible to use drugs that destroy the infection. However, the use of any remedy must be agreed with the attending physician.
Specialists can prescribe various physiotherapy procedures. They also help to cope with this disease.
Diet food. Very often, formula-fed babies develop allergic reactions to food. Therefore, young mothers need to carefully monitor the mixtures of their child and his reaction to each new dish. By the way, food allergies often cause eczema on the cheeks of babies.
. Together with medical treatment, they give a rather favorable effect. So, for example, with eczema on the legs of a baby, as well as on other parts of the body, the following baths can be used: dilute a cup of oatmeal in a bath, put the baby there for a while (about 15 minutes). After the bath, do not rinse the child. This product is great for soothing inflamed skin.

The famous pediatrician Komarovsky with eczema in infants always advises to pay first attention to the nutrition of the child. As a rule, it is often the cause of the development of the disease.

Breast-feeding

Eczema is a chronic inflammation of the skin characterized by extensive rashes, severe burning and itching. Eczema is allergic and neurological in nature. It can manifest itself in the first months of a baby's life, or maybe in adolescence. But in both cases, it will bring a lot of suffering to the child. So let's see what are the causes of eczema and can it be avoided?

Why does this happen?
The only reason that leads to the appearance of eczema in a child is a genetic predisposition. If one of the relatives, and not necessarily mom or dad, the main thing is that they are blood, suffer from eczema, then the likelihood of its occurrence in the baby increases dramatically.
For eczema to manifest itself, a push is needed. They may become:
- an allergy in an acute form, most often to food, household chemicals, perfumes, hygiene;
- severe stress, expressed in constant scratching of the skin;
- skin irritants;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver and other internal organs;
- metabolic disease;
- weakening of the immune system.
Most often, eczema appears in babies between 2 and 6 months. This is because the child's gastrointestinal tract is immature, the skin is very sensitive, and various irritants can be perceived as hostile, which causes an allergic reaction. The second period of appearance of eczema is a transitional age. The hormonal changes that accompany it most often provoke the appearance of eczema.

Types of eczema
In children, true, seborrheic and microbial eczema is most often manifested.
Acute true eczema is characterized by the appearance of bright red rashes in the form of many small bubbles, first on the face in the cheeks, then on the arms and legs. Bubbles burst, in their place point erosions with serous exudate (serous wells) are formed. After some time, erosion becomes covered with crusts and scales. Such eczema grows very quickly and is accompanied by severe itching and burning.
Subacute true eczema manifests itself in the same form as during the acute form. Only puffiness and weeping erosions are much less pronounced, and their color is bluish-pink. Itching and burning are not so strong, but infiltration joins them.
Both manifestations of eczema disappear over time, but at any time they can appear again under the influence of a provoking factor.
Chronic true eczema accompanies a person constantly, aggravating in the autumn-winter period. It is characterized by the appearance of vesicles on the skin and infiltration. Weeping erosion, itching and burning occur mainly during periods of exacerbation.
Seborrheic eczema affects areas of the body rich in sebaceous glands: the scalp, nasolabial folds, auricles. It is also possible to damage the sternum and the place between the shoulder blades. Most often, this type of eczema appears in infancy and during puberty. It looks like this: plaques of yellowish and yellowish-brown color with a layer of greasy scales, which can get wet in some cases, slight infiltration. They merge with each other and form annular or garland-shaped outlines.
Microbial eczema most often develops against the background of damage to the body of a child with a staphylococcal or streptococcal infection, especially with weakened immunity. It manifests itself in the form of scaly erosions covered with crusts. It can be localized throughout the body and head.

How to treat eczema?
If a child has manifestations of eczema, you should definitely consult a dermatologist, since first of all it is necessary to find out what provoked it.
If the child is breastfed, the doctor will suggest that the mother review her diet and exclude foods that provoke allergies. With artificial feeding, it is possible to offer a transfer to hypoallergenic mixtures. If the child already eats on his own, then his diet is being reviewed.
With eczema, it is necessary to exclude: meat broths, spicy and spicy seasonings, canned foods, coffee, cocoa, milk, chocolate. It is recommended to use vegetarian soups, boiled meat, fish, dairy products, vegetables.
It is also necessary to replace all hygiene products with hypoallergenic ones designed specifically for children's skin. And it is better to minimize the use of them during the treatment.
The clothes of the child also require revision. Remove anything made from synthetic fabrics, especially if it comes into direct contact with the baby's skin. Make sure that the clothing is not tight, and its seams do not rub the skin.
As for medicines, it all depends on the type of eczema and concomitant disease - therefore, only a doctor can prescribe treatment after examinations. Common are sedatives, vitamins, antipruritics and antihistamines.
Among the safest antihistamines for children, Fenistil drops are distinguished. They can be used to relieve itching and burning in eczema from the first month of life. Drops "Fenistil" have a convenient pipette dispenser, which is easy to measure the dose necessary for the child. They are tasty, so the drops can be given both diluted (juice, water, warm tea, mixture) and undiluted, the child will not spit them out. They begin to act quickly - after 15, a maximum of 45 minutes after ingestion.

The most common skin diseases, accounting for a third of all skin diseases, are eczema of various types in children.

General information

Eczema is an inflammatory and allergic skin disease that occurs in infants from the age of three months.

It can occur in both infants and adolescents, although it most often develops in babies under 6 months of age.

As you can see, eczema can manifest itself in varying degrees and in different places on the body. There are small rashes with a small focus, and maybe almost the entire body is dotted with red blisters. Be that as it may, it brings discomfort to the child, causes itching, so it is important to know what are the main causes of the disease and how it can be cured.

What does seborrheic and true eczema look like in children

To make it easier to solve the issue of treating the disease, it is necessary to consider what types of eczema are observed in young children.

seborrheic eczema appears in areas of the body where the sebaceous glands accumulate to the greatest extent (wings of the nose, part of the head where hair grows, ears, nasolabial folds, occurs on the chest and between the shoulder blades). It is yellow and yellow-brown plaques with a layer of greasy, sometimes wet, scales, merging with each other and having the features of rings or garlands.

Parents should remember that the sooner their child is diagnosed and the correct diagnosis of the disease is established, the faster and more likely he will recover.

True eczema in infants it appears as bright red blisters on the face, arms and legs. The bubbles burst, ulcers appear instead of them, and crusts appear in place of the latter. This species is most common and occurs in infants from 3 to 6 months. There is an acute and non-acute stage. The first is characterized by severe itching, burning, very rapid spread of red spots throughout the body. The second is not so painful, has a pinkish-cyanotic hue, but infiltration appears here.

Children's true eczema may disappear over time, but then reappear from certain causes. It may also be chronic. This type of this disease is present on the skin of a person constantly throughout life, and it worsens in winter and autumn, at the same time painful factors appear (weeping erosion, burning, itching).

They demonstrated both acute and non-acute forms of the disease.

Parents should understand, when faced with a similar problem, that the child has very painful sensations during the illness, so you should be as condescending and affectionate as possible with the baby. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully fight the disease in order to alleviate its suffering as soon as possible.

Microbial, atopic and fungal eczema in children

microbial eczema in young children appears in most cases due to the defeat of a staphylococcal or streptococcal infection. Especially the possibility of the appearance of the disease increases in the case when the child's body has a weakened immune system. Initially, the disease usually appears in places of scratches, cuts and other injuries, the focus has a round or oval shape. It can spread throughout the body and head of the baby, while it looks like scaly erosions covered with crusts.

It is important to understand that this type of disease directly depends on the protective functions of the body to the manifestation of various infections. It is necessary to maximize the immunity of the child in order to avoid the possible manifestation of this type of disease.

atopic eczema in young children appears mainly due to the presence of an allergy to any components in the environment. In the smallest patients, such factors in most cases are food. With this type of disease, the skin becomes dry and denser due to the layering of scales.

Dyshidrotic eczema manifests itself in the hands of the child, although it can also affect the legs. It is characterized by the formation of microvesicles on the sides of the fingers, sometimes on the palms and soles, where multi-chamber large vesicles can form, resembling boiled rice in appearance. Cavity elements either collapse and erosion occurs in their place, or become a dry crust. Then there are clearly pronounced lesions against the background of inflammation of the skin.

Take a look, below are photos of eczema on the hands of a child:

The cause of this type of disease is a violation of sweating in babies. For this type of disease, a change, deformation of the nails on the fingers is inherent.

Viral eczema is the most difficult to treat, can be transmitted through contact with the patient. Manifested under the influence of a viral infection. It has an incubation period, after which the symptoms of eczema in children develop sharply (except for rashes, it is characterized by a sharp increase in temperature, swelling of the skin, nausea against the background of intoxication of the body).

Causes of eczema on the body in a child

Each type of eczema in children has its own causes. The causes of the disease may be different. Most often, this is a hereditary predisposition. If one of the parents or other relatives had a manifestation of eczema or other skin disease, the risk of illness in the baby increases. Allergies also play a role. The disease is more common in formula-fed children suffering from diseases of the digestive tract. The complex course of pregnancy in the mother, the presence of concomitant diseases in her also predispose to the development of eczema.

All the causes of eczema in a child on the hands, feet and other parts of the body can be divided into:

External - depend on the external influence on the body of such factors:

The use of certain drugs by the baby or mother (when breastfeeding);
Food allergy, which is a reaction of the body to various carcinogens, bioadditives, dyes, chemical compounds of synthetic origin, genetically modified foods, as well as the use of colored foods;
Wool of animals living in the house or permanently in 1 room (in the kindergarten group, in the classroom, in the office) together with the child;
Cosmetics, hygiene products, household chemicals containing synthetic fragrances, dyes, allergenic chemical compounds;
Dust and mold resulting from improper maintenance of hygiene and cleanliness in the house;
Pollen of plants blooming in spring, summer and autumn, as well as flowers of house plants located in 1 room with a child;
Insect bites (mosquitoes, bees, wasps, bumblebees, flies, etc.), subject to the infant's predisposition to allergic reactions to such irritants;
Congenital hypersensitivity to sunlight (in this case, redness appears on sunny days);
Mechanical damage to the skin, including various wounds, burns, cuts, bedsores, injuries;
Use of synthetic or woolen clothing, as well as items of Chinese origin dyed with allergy-causing dyes.

Internal - caused by internal processes of the body that do not depend on environmental influences:

The presence of helminths in the child's body;
Pathological changes in the endocrine system;
kidney disease;
Heredity;
Lack or excess of vitamins in the body of the baby;
The presence of infections or viruses, as well as bacterial and fungal diseases.

Having studied the various causes of the disease, it is necessary to begin to consider the symptoms that indicate the presence of the disease in babies.

The initial stage of weeping eczema in children on the cheeks and other parts of the body

To carry out effective treatment, it is necessary to know the symptoms of eczema in children, which manifest themselves differently at different stages of the disease. Partially, the symptoms of various types of eczema are described above, directly in the classification. Next, it will be proposed to consider the main symptoms and stages of eczema in a child, starting on the cheeks.

At the beginning of the disease, the skin of the face is affected. It turns red, becomes edematous, bubbles appear on it, which then burst, forming weeping areas of red color. Worried about severe itching, aggravated at night and often preventing the baby from sleeping.

The weeping stage of eczema in children is the moment when blisters directly burst on the surface of the skin and fluid (serous exudate) flows out of them, softening the affected skin. During the healing of weeping areas, foci of thickened skin are formed, resembling a shell-like crust, covered with scales and cracks.

You can look at the manifestation at different stages of the disease of the listed symptoms of eczema in children in the photo below:

Parents should remember that as soon as any redness of an unknown cause appears on the baby's skin, and any foreign neoplasms are noticed, you should immediately consult a doctor in order to avoid complications of the disease and its flow into a chronic form.

In the future, at the last stage of the disease, at the site of the crust, the skin flakes off, completely renews itself and takes on a normal, familiar appearance, the child recovers.

The last stage of recovery may be delayed when infection occurs. When infected areas of the skin develop purulent inflammation. It happens that parents delay in going to the doctor, treatment is delayed, and the disease progresses.

With progression, the disease spreads to other parts of the body: the scalp, ears, neck, torso, legs, arms. Thus, eczema spreads throughout the child's body. Red spots can cover almost all areas of the skin. The baby is worried about such phenomena as itching, burning, and they, in turn, will provoke a violation of appetite and sleep. Eczema proceeds for a long time, with alternating periods of improvement and exacerbation.

It is necessary that parents understand that it is very important to consult a doctor in a timely manner with an existing problem in order to prevent complications of the manifestation of the disease and its flow into a chronic form that will bother babies for many years.

Diagnosis of eczema in a child and how to treat the disease

It is very important not to delay the treatment of eczema in children, and as soon as you notice its symptoms, discussed earlier, consult a doctor as soon as possible. First of all, the doctor must conduct a thorough examination to find out the cause of eczema, and then select the appropriate treatment, which is always individual for each child. Only after a complete diagnosis, the specialist will be able to recommend how to treat eczema in this child.

At the same time, in order to identify the disease and accurately establish the diagnosis, it is necessary:

Carefully inspect the skin of the crumb, determining the degree of its damage;
Ask the mother about the time of the manifestation of the disease, its possible causes;
Thoroughly study the diseases previously transferred by the infant and methods of their treatment;
Conduct clinical blood and urine tests that will help determine the child's health status;
Do a skin culture to study the structure of the skin, the stage of the disease;
Conduct additional studies (ultrasound, tomography, X-ray) to accurately diagnose and separate eczema from other possible skin diseases.

When a complete diagnosis is made, the doctor will prescribe treatment. If we consider the traditional way of treating eczema in young children, then it is as follows:

In order to reduce itching, sedatives and antipruritics are used ( bepanthen, radevit).Also, in order to get rid of itching, they prescribe zaditen, tavegil, diprazine, suprastin, peritol.
Prescribe sedatives by type valerian.
In the case of beriberi, it is prescribed to additionally take vitamins B1, B6, C.
Desensitizers are used hemodez, polybiolin).
In the case of microbial eczema, antibiotics are prescribed ( lorinden, locacorten-N).
Various antifungal agents are used to treat mimicotic eczema.
Prescribe drugs for dysbacteriosis ( lactobacterin).
Prescribe heterohemotherapy.
From the diet exclude all foods that can cause an allergic reaction.
It is important to follow the daily routine.
Your doctor may prescribe antihistamines ( ketotifen, tavegil, suprastin), antibiotics ( macrolides, cephalosporins, lincomycin), and externally - various ointments depending on the stage of the disease (antibacterial - gentamicin, erythromycin; antifungal - clotrimazole, nizoral).
If there is redness and unopened vesicles on the skin, then the skin is treated with special talkers, pastes, talc.
If the examination took place at the weeping stage of eczema in a child, it is necessary to take measures to prevent infections, microbes, and fungi from entering the wound. With weeping inflammatory elements, cooling lotions and compresses are applied.
At all stages of the disease, hormonal steroid ointments are prescribed ( hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, elocom). A good effect is the use of Elidel (non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug), which is used in the absence of signs of infection.

But do not forget that all drugs should be used only on the advice of a doctor.

Browse below showing various medications for treating eczema in children due to various reasons, photos:

These photos clearly show that there are a huge number of different medicines to get rid of the disease. It is only necessary to contact a dermatologist in time so that he establishes the correct diagnosis and prescribes treatment as soon as possible. It is worth noting that it is necessary to strictly adhere to the doctor's prescriptions during treatment, especially for infants, because. many steroid drugs can be harmful in overdose.

How to treat dry allergic eczema on the hands of a child

If at the stage when the blisters burst, the liquid does not come out of them, the child is diagnosed with dry eczema. It affects not only the top layer of the skin, but also the following balls. Such eczema is characterized by the presence of inflammation, dryness, cracks and sleep on the skin. This type of disease tends to spread slowly, starting with a small red spot on the finger. In this case, over time, the stain can grow and cover the entire brush, including the nail plates. For the treatment of dry eczema on the hands of a child, medications are prescribed to eliminate inflammation, maintain immunity, remove toxins from the body, as well as reduce the number of nervous breakdowns and irritability.

In addition to drug treatment, there are non-drug prescriptions. They should be followed, even if you have not yet had time to contact a dermatologist. They are as follows:

For the treatment of infantile eczema detected in infants, the doctor will recommend that you follow a diet, excluding allergenic foods.
If the baby eats mixtures, hypoallergenic cereals will be recommended to him.
When the baby is already eating adult food, then all foods that can cause allergies are removed from his diet.
Meat broths, spicy and spicy seasonings, canned food, coffee, cocoa, milk, chocolate are excluded from the diet. The diet includes vegetable soups and broths, boiled meat, fish, dairy products, vegetables.
It is recommended to minimize the use of various cosmetic care products by a child during the manifestation of allergic eczema (rashes can be provoked by various allergens, fragrances, chemical components that make up cosmetics), use only hypoallergenic hygiene products if necessary.
It is necessary to review the baby's clothes, exclude skin contact with synthetics, put things from synthetics aside for the duration of treatment (and in order to avoid relapse, do not return to them after recovery). Clothing should be loose, and the seams should be well processed and not rub against the child.
Parents should not allow scratches on the skin of the baby. To do this, cut his nails short.

Various reasons can be caused by the occurrence of eczema on the hands of a child, which determine how the disease should be treated. If it is caused by overeating sweet and starchy foods, then you should exclude that from the baby's diet. In case of violation of hygiene rules, you should carefully monitor their implementation by the child (for example, wash hands after eating, walking and using the toilet). When the allergy is caused by drugs prescribed for the treatment of any previous disease, it is necessary to replace the allergenic drug with another one.