What does it mean to parse a word? Parsing a simple sentence

To use punctuation marks correctly, you need to have a clear understanding of the sentence structure. Syntactic parsing, that is, parsing the sentence into members, is intended to help you understand it. Our article is devoted to the syntactic parsing of sentences.

Syntax units

Syntax studies the connections between words within phrases or sentences. Thus, the units of syntax are phrases and sentences - simple or complex. In this article we will talk about how to do a syntactic analysis of a sentence, not a phrase, although they are often asked to do this at school.

Why is sentence parsing needed?

Syntactic analysis of a sentence involves a detailed examination of its structure. This is absolutely necessary in order to put punctuation marks correctly. In addition, it helps to understand the connection of words within a phrase. During syntactic analysis, as a rule, the characteristics of the sentence are given, all members of the sentence are determined and it is replaced by what parts of speech they are expressed. This is the so-called full parsing. But sometimes this term is used to refer to a short, partial, syntactic analysis, during which the student only emphasizes the parts of the sentence.

Members of the sentence

Among the members of a sentence, the main ones are always identified first: subject and predicate. They usually form the grammatical basis. If a sentence has one grammatical stem, it simple, more than one - complex.

The grammatical basis can consist of two main members, or include only one of them: either only the subject, or only the predicate. In the second case we say that the sentence one-piece. If both main members are present - two-part.

If, apart from the grammatical basis, there are no words in a sentence, it is called undistributed. IN widespread the sentence also has minor members: addition, definition, circumstance; a special case of the definition is application.

if a sentence contains words that are not members of the sentence (for example, appeal), it is still considered uncommon.

When performing analysis, it is necessary to name the part of speech by which one or another member of the sentence is expressed. The children practice this skill while studying Russian in the 5th grade.

Offer characteristics

To characterize a proposal, you need to indicate it, you need to describe it

• according to the purpose of the statement;
• by intonation;
• by the number of grammatical bases and so on.

Below we offer an outline of the proposal's characteristics.

According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, motivating.

By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentences can be any type of sentence, not just incentive ones.

By the number of grammatical bases: simple or complex.

By the number of main members in the grammatical basis: one-piece or two-piece.

If the sentence is one-part, it is necessary determine its type: nominative, definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal.

By the presence of minor members: widespread or not widespread.

If the proposal is complicated in some way, then this must also be indicated. This is a plan for parsing a sentence; It's better to stick to it.

Complicated sentence

A sentence can be complicated by address, introductory and inserted constructions, homogeneous members, isolated members, direct speech. If any of these types of complications is present, then you must indicate that the sentence is complicated and write with what.

For example, the sentence “Guys, let’s live together!” complicated by the address “guys”.

If the sentence is complex

If it is necessary to analyze a complex sentence, you must first indicate that it is complex and determine its type: conjunctive or non-conjunctive, and if conjunctive, then also complex or complex. Then characterize each of the parts in terms of the composition of the grammatical basis (two-part or one-part, type of one-part) and the presence/absence of minor members.

The table shows the minor members and their questions.

Secondary members can be expressed by different parts of speech, for example the definition:

wool skirt- adjective;

wool skirt- noun;

ironed skirt- participle;

habit of winning- infinitive...

Example of parsing a sentence

Let's look at the proposal “I didn’t know that you, Masha, moved from the village to the city”.

We emphasize grammar basics. There are two of them: knew and You moved. Let's define parts of speech: knew- predicate, expressed by a verb in personal form, etc.

Now we emphasize minor members:

Moved from where? from the village - a circumstance expressed by a noun; Where? to the city - also a circumstance, also expressed by a noun. Masha- this is an appeal, it is not a member of the sentence.

Now let's give characteristics. The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, complex.

The first part “didn’t know” is incomplete and undistributed.

The second part is two-part, widespread. Complicated handling.

At the end of the analysis, you need to draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.

What have we learned?

Parsing is designed to help you understand the structure of a sentence, so you need to indicate everything that can be associated with it. It is better to carry out the analysis according to plan, then there is a greater chance that you will not forget anything. It is necessary not only to emphasize the members of the sentence, but also to identify the parts of speech and characterize the sentence.

Test on the topic

Article rating

Average rating: 4.4. Total ratings received: 84.

Syntactic parsing of a sentence is the parsing of a sentence into members and parts of speech. You can parse a complex sentence according to the proposed plan. The sample will help you correctly format a written analysis of a sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral syntactic analysis.

Sentence parsing plan

1. Simple, simple, complicated by homogeneous members, or complex

2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.

3. By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

4. Common or not common.

5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask questions WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine which part of speech it is expressed in.

6. Define the PREDIC. Ask questions WHAT DOES? etc. Underline the predicate and determine which part of speech it is expressed in.

7. From the subject, ask questions to the secondary members of the sentence. Underline them and determine which parts of speech they are expressed in. Write down phrases with questions.

8. From the predicate, ask questions to the secondary members. Underline them and determine which parts of speech they are expressed in. Write down phrases with questions.

Sample sentence parsing

The sky was already breathing autumn, and the sun was shining less and less often.

This sentence is complicated First part:

(what?) sky - subject, expressed by a singular noun. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate., 2 sk., i. P.
(what did?) breathed - predicate, expressed by the verb nes. view., 2 pages, in units. h., past vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in the fall - addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., narit., inanimate., 3rd class., etc.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed by an adverb

The second part:

(what?) sun - subject, expressed as a singular noun. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate., 2 sk., i. P.
(what did it do?) shone - predicate, expressed by the verb nes. view, 1 book, unit. h., past vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb
shone (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed by the adverb

Example of parsing a sentence

They either flew obliquely in the wind, or lay vertically on the damp grass.

This proposal is simple.

(what?) they are the subject, expressed by a plural pronoun. h., 3 l., i. P.
(what did they do?) flew - homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non.view, 1 sp., plural. h.. last vr..flying
(what did they do?) lay down - homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non.view, 1 sp., plural. h.. last vr..
flew (how?) obliquely - a circumstance of the course of action, expressed by an adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - circumstance of the course of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (how?) vertically - a circumstance of a course of action, expressed by an adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - an adverbial circumstance of place, expressed by a common noun, inanimate, in singular. h., w. r., 1 fold, in v.p. with a pretext
grass (what kind?) raw - definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., w.r., v.p.

Syntax is the most complex section of the modern Russian language. At school, syntactic analysis of a sentence almost always causes serious difficulties, since when analyzing it is necessary to use previously acquired knowledge in a comprehensive manner: be able to distinguish parts of speech, refer to information from the vocabulary, be well versed in the semantic load and functions of different members of a sentence, correctly indicate simple sentences in the composition complex and determine their role.

At school and university there are different requirements for the syntactic parsing of sentences. Schoolchildren usually identify parts of speech and comment on each word during analysis. The requirement is due to the fact that for correct parsing it is necessary to know morphology well; the concepts of syntax and morphology should not be confused (there is a common mistake when parts of speech and parts of a sentence are mixed). At philological faculties of different higher educational institutions, syntactic parsing schemes are individual: it depends on what educational complex is being taught, what methodological developments are available at the department. When preparing for admission, an applicant will need to find out the requirements of a particular university, otherwise the analysis may be considered incorrect.

To correctly parse a sentence, you need to master a large amount of theory, be able to use terms accurately, and gain practical skills. Practice plays a particularly important role, so it is advisable to practice regularly, analyzing sentences of different levels of complexity.

There are strict requirements for parsing: it can only be done according to a clear scheme, without deviating from a given algorithm. Often you also need to draw a graphic diagram of a sentence, reflecting in it the levels of division and the dependence of simple sentences on each other. Also, members of the sentence are graphically highlighted with different signs directly in the text (several types of subscript lines).

General scheme for parsing a sentence
There is a general scheme according to which the syntactic parsing of a sentence is carried out. It varies depending on the specific requirements, but the basic basis remains the same.

1. The purpose of the statement is indicated: narrative, incentive, interrogative sentence.
   
2. At this stage, you should write what kind of intonation the sentence is: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
   
3. The type of sentence is determined: simple or complex, consisting of several simple ones.
   
4. For complex sentences, you need to indicate the type of construction: simple (of the same type), complex (different types of connections between simple sentences within a complex sentence).
   
5. The type of connection between sentences is indicated: union, non-union.
   
6. Conjunctive sentences have two types: complex and complex.
   
7. For a complex sentence, the type of subordinate clause is determined: attributive, explanatory, adverbial, adjunctive;
   
8. It is necessary to indicate the type of adverbial clause:
   • mode of action;
     
   • places;
     
   • time;
     
   • conditions;
     
   • measures and degrees;
     
   • comparisons;
     
   • concessions;
     
   • consequences;
     
   • goals;
     
   • causes.
     
9. If the sentence is complex, a description of the connection between the parts within the complex is performed. The parts are numbered, all types of connections are indicated (non-union and allied, subordinating and coordinating), and if necessary, division into levels is made.
   
10. Then they move on to the characteristics of each simple sentence, indicating its number.
    
11. The analysis of a simple sentence continues to indicate the presence of main members: one-part or two-part.
    
12. For a one-part sentence, its type is determined: nominative, generalized-personal, impersonal, definite-personal or indefinite-personal.
    
13. At this stage, you need to write the type of predicate: PGS (simple verbal predicate), CGS (compound verbal predicate) or SIS (compound nominal predicate).
    
14. Now you should determine the presence of minor members: widespread (there are minor members), non-widespread (there are no minor members).
    
15. At this point of analysis, they indicate whether the sentence is complicated, and what exactly it is complicated by.
    
16. At the end of the analysis, it is necessary to determine the type of sentence in terms of completeness: complete or incomplete. Sentences in which major or minor members are omitted are called incomplete, but they can be easily restored from the context.
    

You will also need to graphically indicate the members and boundaries of sentences in the text, draw diagrams, indicating sentence numbers, conjunctions, and asking questions to subordinate clauses from the main ones.

Ways of expressing sentence members
Knowing how to express the members of a sentence will help you parse the sentence correctly, without confusing its parts. Often, schoolchildren have difficulty identifying even the main members of a sentence, since there are a number of difficulties, and generally accepted stereotypes prevent them from correctly finding the basis and accurately analyzing the minor members.

It must be remembered that different parts of speech have almost unlimited possibilities and can be almost any part of a sentence, with rare exceptions. Often, schoolchildren get used to the fact that the subject is a noun, and the predicate is a verb. Without seeing the appropriate parts of speech in a sentence, they find themselves in a difficult situation and do not know how to parse it according to its composition. In fact, analysis cannot be confined to such a framework.

Subject answers questions in the nominative case and is expressed by different parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, numerals. The subject can also be expressed:

• adjective (red is my favorite color);
  
• a participle that turned into a noun (the people around fell silent);
  
• union (and – connecting union);
  
• indefinite form of the verb (for example, indefinite form of the verb with a noun in the accusative case: having a doctor in the house is a serious advantage).
  

Predicate answers the questions: what does the object do? what happens to the item? what is the subject? what is he?

To distinguish different types of predicates, it is important to remember the lexical and grammatical meaning of words. Lexical meaning reflects the meaning of the word, and grammatical meaning contains grammatical categories (for example, mood, tense, number and gender of the verb). Types of predicates:

• PGS: the predicate is expressed by the personal form of the verb, in which the GZ and LZ coincide. Sometimes PGS is expressed by a phraseological unit containing a conjugated verb form.
  
• GHS: must consist of at least two words. Each word carries its own meaning: the infinitive of the verb (lexical meaning) and the modal or phase connective (grammatical meaning). The phase connective indicates the phase of the action, and the modal connective reflects the attitude towards the action. The link can be expressed in words reflecting the assessment of the action, desirability, necessity, or short adjectives.
  
• SIS: must consist of at least two words. The nominal part (LP) and the formal or semi-nominal copula (GZ). A more common formal connective is the verb to be. The role of the nominal part is played by all nominal parts of speech, adverbs, and phrases. Semi-nominal connectives include the verbs do, become, appear, seem, and others; verbs of state, movement.
  

Definitions answer what questions? whose? They are divided into coordinated and non-coordinated.

• The agreed definition is easy to recognize, it is expressed by an adjective pronoun, adjective, participle, ordinal number. The main thing is not to confuse it with the nominal part of the SIS.
  
• An inconsistent definition is usually expressed by nouns in indirect cases, but sometimes it becomes adverbs, phrases, infinitives, and comparative adjectives. There are also inconsistent application definitions.
  

Addition answers questions about indirect cases. More often expressed as a noun.

Circumstance answers the general question how? Expressed by adverbs and nouns. Circumstances are divided into categories:

• circumstance of time;
  
• places;
  
• mode of action;
  
• causes;
  
• comparisons;
  
• concessions;
  
• conditions;
  
• goals;
  
• measures and degrees.
  

It is necessary to take into account the nuances of expressing the members of a sentence in different parts of speech in order to correctly parse the sentence.

Types of subordinate clauses
When analyzing a complex sentence, it is important to correctly determine the type of subordinate clause. It can be adverbial, explanatory and definitive.

1. Subordinate explanatory clauses answer questions of indirect cases. Unions and allied words act as means of communication.
   
2. Subordinate clauses refer to a noun, are joined with the help of allied words, sometimes conjunctions, answer the questions whose? Which?
   
3. Subordinate adverbial clauses differ depending on the category:
   • PO places answer questions where? where? Where? joined with the help of allied words;
     
   • How long will it take to answer questions? how long? When? for how long? Joining with the help of conjunctions is common: only when, while, as soon as, etc.;
     
   • By measures and degrees answer the questions to what extent? how much?, refer to a word expressing a concept that can have a degree of manifestation;
     
   • The modus operandi answers the question how?, in the main part you can insert words like this, like this;
     
   • PO conditions answer the question under what condition?, connecting conjunctions - when, if, how soon;
     
   • By reasons reveal the question why?, conjunctions due to the fact that, since, because, due to the fact that;
     
   • By purpose: questions for what purpose? For what? etc. Unions just so that, in order to;
     
   • By consequence: the consequence follows from the first part, the union so that;
     
   • Software concessions: questions in spite of what? no matter what? Unions may be for nothing, despite the fact that;
     
   • Comparative software: questions like what? like what? Unions as if, as if, exactly like;
     
4. Subordinate clauses do not answer questions, do not express semantic relations of the circumstance, but provide additional information to the main part. Means of communication: allied words (relative pronouns what, where, where, when, how, why, why, why).
   

In polynomial sentences, the type of subordination must be indicated. It can be sequential: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main one, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first, etc. With parallel subordination, subordinate clauses depend on the main clause, but answer different questions. When the subordination is homogeneous, the subordinate clauses depend on one main word and answer one question.
At universities, they mainly analyze polynomial sentences, so they highlight the levels of division, the connections between them, indicate all the blocks and the features of their relationships with each other, and draw complex diagrams. At school they usually limit themselves to sentences consisting of two to four simple ones.

Words and phrases are the components of every sentence in writing and speaking. To construct it, you must clearly understand what the connection should be between them in order to construct a grammatically correct statement. That is why one of the important and complex topics in the Russian language school curriculum is the syntactic analysis of sentences. With this analysis, a complete analysis of all components of the statement is carried out and the connection between them is established. In addition, determining the structure of a sentence allows you to correctly place punctuation marks in it, which is quite important for every literate person. As a rule, this topic begins with the analysis of simple phrases, and after that children are taught to parse sentences.

Rules for parsing phrases

Analyzing a specific phrase taken from context is relatively simple in the Russian syntax section. In order to produce it, they determine which of the words is the main word and which is the dependent one, and determine which part of speech each of them belongs to. Next, it is necessary to determine the syntactic relationship between these words. There are three of them in total:

• Agreement is a kind of subordinating relationship in which the gender, number and case for all elements of the phrase are determined by the main word. For example: a moving train, a flying comet, a shining sun.
• Control is also one of the types of subordinating connections; it can be strong (when the case connection of words is necessary) and weak (when the case of the dependent word is not predetermined). For example: watering flowers - watering from a watering can; liberation of the city - liberation by the army.
• Adjunction is also a subordinating type of connection, but it applies only to words that are unchangeable and not inflected by case. Such words express dependence only by meaning. For example: riding a horse, unusually sad, very scared.

An example of syntactic parsing of phrases

The syntactic analysis of the phrase should look something like this: “speaks beautifully”; the main word is “speaks”, the dependent word is “beautiful”. This connection is determined through the question: speaks (how?) beautifully. The word “says” is used in the present tense in the singular and third person. The word “beautifully” is an adverb, and therefore this phrase expresses a syntactic connection - adjacency.

Parsing diagram for a simple sentence

Parsing a sentence is a bit like parsing a phrase. It consists of several stages that will allow you to study the structure and relationship of all its components:

1. First of all, the purpose of uttering a single sentence is determined; they are all divided into three types: narrative, interrogative and exclamatory, or incentive. Each of them has its own sign. So, at the end of a narrative sentence telling about an event, there is a period; after the question, naturally, there is a question mark, and at the end of the incentive - an exclamation mark.
2. Next, you should highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence - subject and predicate.
3. The next stage is a description of the structure of the sentence. It can be one-part with one of the main members or two-part with a complete grammatical basis. In the first case, you additionally need to indicate what kind of sentence the nature of the grammatical basis is: verbal or denominative. And then determine whether there are secondary members in the structure of the statement, and indicate whether it is common or not. At this stage you should also indicate whether the sentence is complicated. Complications include homogeneous members, addresses, phrases and introductory words.
4. Further, the syntactic analysis of the sentence involves the analysis of all words according to their belonging to parts of speech, gender, number and case.
5. The final stage is an explanation of the punctuation marks in the sentence.

Example of parsing a simple sentence

Theory is theory, but without practice you cannot consolidate a single topic. That is why the school curriculum spends a lot of time on syntactic analysis of phrases and sentences. And for training you can take the simplest sentences. For example: “The girl was lying on the beach and listening to the surf.”

1. The sentence is declarative and non-exclamatory.
2. The main parts of the sentence: girl - subject, lay, listened - predicates.
3. This proposal is two-part, complete and widespread. Homogeneous predicates act as complications.
4. Parsing all the words of the sentence:

• “girl” - acts as the subject and is a feminine noun in the singular and nominative case;
• “lay” - in a sentence it is a predicate, refers to verbs, has a feminine gender, singular number and past tense;
• “na” is a preposition, used to connect words;
• “beach” - answers the question “where?” and is a circumstance expressed in a sentence by a masculine noun in the prepositional case and singular;
• “and” is a conjunction used to connect words;
• “listened” is the second predicate, a feminine verb in the past tense and singular;
• “surf” is an object in a sentence, refers to a noun, is masculine, singular and used in the accusative case.

Identification of sentence parts in writing

When parsing phrases and sentences, conditional underscores are used to indicate that words belong to one or another member of the sentence. So, for example, the subject is underlined with one line, the predicate with two, the definition is indicated with a wavy line, the complement with a dotted line, the circumstance with a dotted line. In order to correctly determine which member of the sentence is in front of us, we should pose a question to it from one of the parts of the grammatical basis. For example, the definition answers the questions of the adjective, the complement is determined by the questions of indirect cases, the circumstance indicates the place, time and reason and answers the questions: “where?” "where?" and why?"

Parsing a complex sentence

The procedure for parsing a complex sentence is slightly different from the above examples, and therefore should not cause any particular difficulties. However, everything must be in order, and therefore the teacher complicates the task only after the children have learned to parse simple sentences. To carry out the analysis, a complex statement is proposed that has several grammatical bases. And here you should adhere to the following scheme:

1. First, the purpose of the statement and the emotional coloring are determined.
2. Next, the grammatical bases in the sentence are highlighted.
3. The next step is to define the connection, which can be done with or without a conjunction.
4. Next, you should indicate by what connection the two grammatical bases in the sentence are connected. These can be intonation, as well as coordinating or subordinating conjunctions. And immediately conclude what the sentence is: complex, complex or non-union.
5. The next stage of parsing is the syntactic analysis of the sentence into its parts. It is produced according to the scheme for a simple sentence.
6. At the end of the analysis, you should construct a diagram of the sentence, on which the connection of all its parts will be visible.

Connecting parts of a complex sentence

As a rule, to connect parts in complex sentences, conjunctions and allied words are used, which must be preceded by a comma. Such proposals are called allied. They are divided into two types:

• Compound sentences joined by conjunctions a, and, or, then, but. As a rule, both parts in such a statement are equal. For example: “The sun was shining and the clouds were floating.”
• Complex sentences that use the following conjunctions and allied words: so that, how, if, where, whither, since, although and others. In such sentences, one part always depends on the other. For example: "The sun's rays will fill the room as soon as the cloud passes."

Middle and high school students regularly face the problem of how to conduct an analysis in the Russian literary language.

Parsing is done in accordance with a certain scheme. This topic in the school course allows identify sentence structure, characterize it, which reduces punctuation illiteracy.

In contact with

What does parsing show?

There are four main types of parsing: phonetic, morphological, compositional and syntactic. The latter is understood as the analysis or parsing of syntactic units with primary highlighting the grammatical basis. The analysis is carried out according to the approved algorithm of actions: highlight the terms + characterize them + draw a diagram.

Schoolchildren, having studied eleven grades, sometimes do not know what parsing a sentence is. They talk about analysis as analysis by composition. This is incorrect, since only individual lexemes are analyzed according to their composition. As for a bunch of words expressing a complete thought, in elementary school the process is called analysis of proposals by members. However, in middle and high school it takes on a deeper meaning. Based on this, it is necessary to remember once and for all that analysis of sentences by composition is not carried out in Russian language classes.

The answer here is obvious - everyone knows the subject, indicating an object or object, and the predicate - to actions performed first. To make the speech clearer and the statement complete, the main members are supplemented by secondary ones, which have a set of features.

The secondary members of the sentence allow us to reveal a holistic picture of the events taking place. Their goal is to explain describe the actions of the main predecessors.

At the next stage, you will have to parse the sentence according to. Here we mean how its members are expressed. Each has several options, you need to choose the right one by asking the question:

• vile – noun, place;
• tale - ch., cr. adj., noun;
• def. – adj., place., number;
• add. – noun, place;
• obst. – adverb, noun. with a pretext.

Taking into account the above, a more or less clear idea emerges of what syntactic parsing of a sentence is. In short, it is a complex analysis of related lexemes that express a complete thought.

Characteristics of syntactic units

It is necessary to know the criteria that a lexeme has in order to carry out a detailed description. The characteristics of a sentence in the text presuppose a certain algorithm.

Define the type:

• according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive);
• by emotional-expressive coloring (by intonation) - exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

We find the grammatical basis.

We talk sequentially about each member of the sentence and the means of their expression.

We describe the structure of a syntactic unit. For a simple sentence:

• by composition: one-part (defined-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, nominative) or two-part;
• by prevalence: widespread or not widespread;
• by completeness: complete or incomplete.
• what is complicated: homogeneous members, interjections, address, introductory constructions.

Determine which This type includes a complex sentence:

• compound sentences (CCS) - they are indicated by simple parts connected by a coordinating conjunction;
• complex sentences (CSS) - we establish the main word, as well as the subordinate word, based on the question and the peculiarity of construction (what the subordinate word refers to, how the subordinate word is attached), we determine the type of the latter;
• non-union complex sentence (BCS) - we establish how many simple parts the syntactic unit consists of, determining the meaning of each (simultaneity, sequence, opposition, etc.).

We give the reasoning for why we put these are the punctuation marks.

If the task involves drawing up a diagram, then we do it.

It is more difficult to parse a complex sentence.

There's more here parameters for analysis.

After the complex sentence from the examples has been broken down into simple parts, we proceed to analyze each of them separately.

Following the algorithm, the student will not have problems completing the task number 4.

How to make a diagram

It is not always enough to parse a simple sentence correctly to get an excellent grade. The student must also be able to draw up diagrams of the units being described.

1. Highlight the subject by underlining it with one line, and the predicate with two lines.
2. Find the minor members, underlining them according to generally accepted rules.
3. Sentences with a revolution or participle are highlighted as follows and are indicated in the final diagram. The participial phrase is highlighted on both sides by vertical lines, and a dot/dotted line is emphasized. Participial stands out on both sides with vertical lines, and is emphasized by a wavy line.
4. The conjunction is not included in the scheme of a complex sentence; it is taken outside the framework of the stem. But complex sentences include it in the subordinate clause. Conjunctions and allied words are enclosed in an oval.

Important! Before you create a sentence diagram, you need to learn how to graphically designate homogeneous members. They are enclosed in a circle, and an address that is not a member of a syntactic unit is designated in the diagram by the letter “O” and separated by two vertical lines. Do the same with introductory words.

Scheme of proposal It’s easy to make up direct speech. Here it is important to separate one part from the other, i.e. the author's words from direct speech, placing appropriate punctuation marks between them.

Example of parsing a simple sentence

Let's write down an example and start analyzing.

I have not seen a lake more magnificent than Baikal.

Stage I: analysis of the proposal by members:

• “I” – vile, expressed personal. places;
• “Didn’t see” – simple ch. tale, expressed verb. will express it in the form. incl. past vr.;

Stage II: Let's find out which members of the sentence form the grammatical basis. Here it will be “I didn’t see”, so we are dealing with a simple sentence.

In a specific example, all minor members joined the predicate:

• didn’t see (what?) the lake – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.;
• lake (which one?) is more magnificent – ​​disagree, def, expressed adj. in compare degrees;
• more magnificent than (what?) Baikal – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.

Stage III: at the end of the process they give general characteristics of a simple sentence In russian language:

• by structure - two-part, widespread, complete;
• according to the purpose of the statement - narrative;
• intonation - non-exclamatory, therefore, at the end there is a punctuation mark - a period.

Stage IV: syntactic analysis a simple sentence presupposes the scheme [- =].

More problems are caused by the syntactic parsing of sentences with participles. See his examples below.

Sample: Behind the swamp, blazing with birches, a grove was visible.

Characteristics: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate dep. about.

Scheme: [, I adverbial phrase I, = — ].

Syntactic units complicated by homogeneous members and phrases are parsed in a similar way.

Simple sentences with participles should receive an objective assessment. They indicate which member the entire turn is, then its parts are parsed into words.

Sample: The moon had just emerged from behind a hill and was illuminating the translucent, small, low clouds.

Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, homogeneous tales. connected by a non-repeating conjunction “and”, therefore a comma is not placed between them, but commas must be placed between definitions, they have a non-union connection, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous tales. and def.

Scheme: [- = and = O, O, O].

Analysis of complex sentences

Home exercises in Russian regularly contain a mandatory task under the number 4. There are various examples here: SSP, SPP, BSP.

Always, when parsing a complex sentence, you need to start it with finding the grammatical basis.

Complex sentences need to be analyzed based on the definition of the main and subordinate clauses.

The analysis of syntactic units with several subordinate clauses is carried out according to the general plan, as it would be done analysis of the proposal by composition, but indicating the type of subordination and the combination of these types. Below are examples of complex sentences with examples, with diagrams, visually demonstrating analysis.

Sample SPP with sequential obedience: The kids reported that they picked those daisies that their grandmother loved.

Characteristics: narrative, non-vocal, complex, conjunction, its parts are connected by a subordination with sequential subordination, consists of two simple ones.

Scheme: [- =], (which = (which = -).

Sample BSC: Life is given once, and you want to live it cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully.

Characteristics: narrative, non-vocal, complex sentence, has two grammatical bases, conjunctive, complex. The conjunction “and” expresses simultaneity. The 2nd simple sentence is complicated by homogeneous objects. condition.

Scheme: [- =], and [=].

BSP sample: The wind howls, thunder rumbles.

Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, complex non-union.

Scheme: [- =], [- =].

Parsing a simple sentence

How to parse

Conclusion

If you have sentences and examples with diagrams before your eyes, then visual memory automatically works. This helps well on control dictations and independent ones. This way you can learn automatically and parse accurately proposals (if the examples are chosen correctly) cover all the criteria necessary for the analysis.