What does a blood test for RDW mean. Deciphering and meaning of the RDW indicator in the general blood test

These red blood cells carry out a transport function, helping to deliver oxygen to all tissues and organs, taking away carbon dioxide and toxins accumulated by cells. Normally, their sizes are approximately the same, which allows them to quickly stick together under certain conditions, forming blood clots.

Red blood cells can indicate the presence of pathologies in the body, especially if their dimensions are very different from each other. In what cases the distribution index is lowered, what this indicates and how it manifests itself, we will find out further.

Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

In a healthy person, red blood cells have the same shape, density and color. In cases of deviations, especially in autoimmune diseases and oncology, there is a failure at the microcellular level, when newly formed cells do not receive certain components, and in fact are not able to perform their functions. From here, anemia develops - a pathological condition in which the body does not receive the right amount of oxygen, that is, the metabolic function of red blood cells is disturbed.

The distribution index of erythrocytes is determined during a general blood test. In some cases, if a specific disease is suspected, only this index can be determined in the analysis. In most cases, the width of the RDW is determined along with the mean MCV, since these indices (by volume and number) are interrelated and help determine the type of anemia. The fact is that for a complete assessment of the state of erythrocytes, not only their shape is important, but also their quantity in the blood. And if increased rates occur with a frequency of 1 per person, then reduced values \u200b\u200bare extremely rare and always indicate serious health problems.

A blood test for the determination of RDW can be performed both routinely (during medical examinations) and according to indications, when there are suspicions of abnormalities in the hematopoietic function. Without fail, the analysis is performed before surgery, in childhood and during pregnancy.

Why is RDW needed?

But what does it give? The fact is that erythrocytes are similar to each other like twin brothers, which allows them to replace each other at the right time or stick together into blastulae. If the cells increase in size, their need for nutrition also increases, respectively, their life expectancy is short. This in turn affects the overall level of red blood cells and human health.

The more cells die, the more bilirubin and iron are released, which in turn represents an increased load on the liver, which will malfunction, unable to cope with the processing of these substances.

The RDW index is directly related to anisocytosis, a pathological process in which the shape of red blood cells changes, which affects their volume and size. Anisocytosis is a complex chemical process that affects all blood cells.

We suggest watching a video on the topic

How is it determined?

It is determined using a mathematical formula, in the form of a ratio of modified erythrocytes that exceed the maximum allowable volumes to the total mass of erythrocytes.

To date, laboratories use computer technology to determine the percentage of deviation from the norm, without doing manual calculations. The output data is presented in the form of a histogram, which displays a curve indicating possible modifications of red blood cells.

What do the results depend on?

The norms are determined depending on age, gender and the presence of physiological processes occurring in the body. For children of the first year of life, an indicator of 11.5-18.7% is considered the norm. After a year, the digital values tend to the generally accepted norm - 11.5-14.5%. In women, the upper limit can shift up to 15.5%, which is explained by frequent changes in the hormonal background: pregnancy, breastfeeding, taking hormonal contraceptives, menopause.

Index variations

In a more detailed in-depth study of the erythrocyte distribution index index, two values are considered:

RDW-SD - defines the standard deviation from the norm, expressed in femtoliters. The indicator has nothing to do with MCV, since it shows the quantitative value of the difference between the largest and smallest cells.
RDW-SV - shows how much the volume of erythrocytes differs from the average. It is defined as the percentage of all deformed cells to the total erythrocyte mass.

What do the low values mean?

Since it is impossible to fully evaluate RDW without MCV, all options for lower values should be considered when these two indices are interconnected:

RDW is low and MCV is below average - a problem with the liver and spleen.
RDW is low, and MCV is higher than normal - the presence of oncological diseases, mainly with metastases in the bone marrow.

A decrease in the distribution of erythrocytes cannot be manifested in principle, if we consider this indicator from a biological point of view. Therefore, in medical practice, when rather low values are detected in 99.9% of all cases, the patient is offered to retake blood, having previously fulfilled all the conditions:

do not smoke or drink alcohol 24 hours before blood sampling;
do not use medications before analysis;
limit the intake of salty and smoked foods the day before.

In the case when the RDW is really below the norm, which is confirmed by the unsatisfactory analyzes of his "colleague" MCV, this may indicate the development of diseases such as:

Microcytic anemia - in the common people "anemia", when, due to irregular shapes, red blood cells quickly die off, without representing any biological value for the body.
Malignant neoplasms - usually refers to diseases such as mastopathy, bone marrow cancer and lung cancer.
Extensive hemolysis is a process in which red blood cells are destroyed before they reach their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

There are a number of reasons that could provoke the development of such a manifestation, as a reduced RDW:

Large blood loss in traumatism and pathological bleeding. The most dangerous are uterine and gastric internal bleeding, in which the blood leaves at a rapid pace, reducing the chances of survival.
Frequent surgical interventions, especially when removing any organ or part of it.
Incorrect metabolism, in which the food consumed is not completely digested and assimilated, but partially or completely undergoes fermentation and decay processes.
Hormonal imbalance, which is more common among the female half of the population.
Lack of iron and B vitamins in the body.
Pathologies of the blood, which are characterized by rapid destructive processes, as a result of which erythrocytes completely lose their biological functions.

How is it manifested?

A patient with a low RDW will have all the symptoms of anemia:

lethargy and apathy;
fast fatiguability;
frequent dizziness, especially with sudden movements;
constant fatigue even after a long rest;
severe shortness of breath with the addition of chest dry cough for no reason;
increased heart rate (tachycardia);
increased blood pressure (if overweight).

Such clinical manifestations are quite easy to explain. Small cells bring less oxygen to tissues and organs, from which the latter begin to suffer, since all natural biological processes (oxidation and reduction) do not occur without oxygen. Large ones are generally not able to retain oxygen molecules on their surface, from which microcytic anemia develops.

The nerve cells responsible for all impulses in the body will be the first to suffer, from which the above symptoms appear.

What to do?

At a consultation with a doctor, most likely he will ask to retake the analysis, since the distribution index of erythrocytes is practically never lowered. This means that all cells are ideal in their parameters, which cannot be in principle. If all factors that could affect the inaccuracy of the results are excluded and the indicator is repeated, a complete examination of the body is carried out, paying special attention to oncological research.

Prevention

You can prevent this process by following simple rules:

Eat a balanced diet, including plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits, and lean meats.
Be outdoors more often.
To live an active lifestyle.
Do not neglect scheduled medical examinations, where, according to statistics, serious pathologies that do not have external signs are most often detected.

Thus, the distribution index of erythrocytes shows their size relative to each other, which makes it possible to determine their biological value. Reduced rates are extremely rare, but can fully indicate the presence of various diseases. The index is determined during a general blood test, but it has full strength only when it is jointly calculated with the MCV index, the indicators of which are interconnected.

This percentage is relative, so in many cases it is not calculated with a detailed blood test.

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Rdw in the blood test is lowered

What it is

Laboratory research rdw

Norm

Deciphering and meaning of the RDW indicator in the general blood test

The most important indicators in the study of a blood sample are considered to be the level of hemoglobin, the number of leukocytes and platelets.

Modern hematology devices also determine other values, for example, the width of the distribution of erythrocytes (red cells distribution width). The RDW coefficient in a blood test is inextricably linked to the mean corpuscle value.

A detailed decoding of blood biochemistry allows you to establish a more accurate diagnosis, especially when determining the type of anemia and related diseases. RDW as a result of the analysis may indicate anicitosis if red blood cells are produced in the blood that are larger or smaller than normal. The calculation of this indicator provides more information with reduced hemoglobin and microcytic anemia (reduction in the size of red cells).

RDW value

The distribution width is calculated during a complete venous blood count to determine the homogeneity of red blood cells. The word "width" in this term is sometimes misleading. RDW stands for variation in red blood cell size. This value is calculated by comparing their volume.

Electronic devices are able to evaluate the impulses that produce blood cells. The stronger the impulse, the larger the erythrocyte. Approximate variation in the size of healthy erythrocytes is 10.2–14.6%. It is important to note that when using different devices, the decoding of RDW may differ, so the reference value of the norm is indicated on the test result.

Clinical use

The coefficient helps diagnose various conditions.

Nutrient deficiencies: iron, folate, vitamin B12. With such anemia, RDW rises.
The width of the distribution makes it possible to distinguish thalassemia from iron deficiency anemia. With thalassemia, this figure is within the normal range, and with a lack of iron, it is overestimated. However, additional tests are required to establish a more accurate diagnosis.
With a deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid, the size of red blood cells may increase (macrocytic anemia). But macrocytosis is a characteristic feature in other diseases as well. The distribution width of red blood cells provides additional information for a correct diagnosis.
The variation in the size of red blood cells above the norm makes it possible to suspect some disorders in the early stages.
Among patients with oncological and cardiovascular diseases, this indicator plays a large role in the early detection of complications that can lead to death.

Relationship with MCV

In the treatment of anemia and other blood disorders, RDW is related to MCV, the mean volume of blood cells. Essentially, RDW is the MCV ratio. Its increased value reflects the greater heterogeneity of the MCV (anicytosis), which usually occurs when the degradation or maturation disorder of the blood cells.

Comparison of two indicators gives specialists information about a particular deviation in the state of the blood. Different combinations of RDW and MCV values may indicate anemia, thalassemia, chronic liver disease.

Increased RDW

With a normal MCV, early iron deficiency anemia, liver disease, and sickle cell disease can be diagnosed.
A low level indicates iron deficiency anemia, some forms of thalassemia.
At a high value, megaloblastic anemia (lack of vitamin B12, folic acid), myelodysplastic syndrome, and chronic liver diseases are diagnosed.

Normal RDW

With a low MCV, abnormal E hemoglobin or anemia may be detected as a symptom of a chronic disease.
A high value occurs during chemotherapy, with chronic disorders in the liver, myelodysplasia.

What should be a normal RDW

The optimal value of the coefficient is 13%. Variations within 11-14% are also considered the norm. Some hematology machines have their own, slightly different, rate that is used to evaluate test results. Usually this value is indicated in the blood test for comparison.

As noted earlier, a normal RDW level alone does not provide complete information. It is interpreted in relation to the MCV.

Low RDW

The RDW is rarely below 10.2%. This means that erythrocytes are uniform and practically do not differ in size from each other.

Usually, this condition is a sign of macrocytic anemia, a disorder in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood, and those that are, are larger than normal. Another cause of low RDW is microcytic anemia. With this disease, the size of red blood cells is noticeably smaller than normal.

Uniformity in the size of erythrocytes is observed in such diseases:

The coefficient is considered increased when the indicator is more than 15%. This means that red blood cells vary greatly in size.

There are many possible causes for this condition. To determine the most likely diagnosis, the RDW is compared with the MCV.

High MCV

Given that MCV is the average volume of space that each blood cell occupies, then an increased level of both indicators may indicate several possible deviations in the state of the body.

Liver disease

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body, which produces the substances necessary for the body, filters the blood, and removes harmful chemicals. The condition of the liver worsens with alcoholism, as evidenced by an elevated level of RDW.

Hemolytic anemia

A disease in which red blood cells die or are destroyed earlier than their healthy life cycle suggests.

Megaloblastic anemia

Large oval erythrocytes with an underdeveloped nucleus and a short life cycle appear in the blood. Usually this condition occurs due to a lack of folic acid or vitamin B12 in the person's diet or impaired absorption of these substances.

Vitamin A deficiency

The body must have a minimum amount of vitamin A for cell synthesis in conjunction with vitamin B12.

Low MCV

In other cases, the mean volume of erythrocytes is reduced, while the width of the distribution is still above normal. This may be a sign of some less common anemia or iron deficiency conditions.

Decreased hemoglobin level

Hemoglobin is present in red blood cells. It helps deliver oxygen to the cells of the body. Iron is necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin, so a deficiency of this microelement leads to a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Usually, iron deficiency anemia is caused by insufficient iron in the diet, poor absorption of iron from food or dietary supplements.

Intermediate form of thalassemia

Intermediate thalassemia is a blood disease in which the synthesis of one or more components of hemoglobin is impaired. As a result, blood cells are fragmented (broken into smaller particles).

If the RBC fragments are markedly different in size but do not take up more space, this may show up in the analysis as a low MCV with a high RDW.

Normal MCV

An elevated RDW with a normal MCV can be caused by:

the initial stage of iron deficiency anemia, leading to a decrease in hemoglobin;
a decrease in the level of vitamin B12 or folic acid in the body, which is a prerequisite for macrocytic anemia.

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What does a blood test for RDW mean?

A complete blood count is a universal medical indicator of human health. It can be used to find out which group the disease belongs to, if there are doubts between several similar, but from different groups; learn about possible complications; determine the body's response to drug treatment, as well as track the dynamics of treatment (for example, do a blood test for RDW).

At the same time, in the general blood test, there are mandatory indications - the number of basic blood cells, hemoglobin (a component of erythrocytes), ESR in the blood - the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At the request of the doctor, they can add a leukocyte formula - the percentage of all types of leukocytes in a milliliter of blood, various indicators for platelets and erythrocytes. Most indicators are determined specifically for erythrocytes, since these elements are the most basic for human blood. And so we will analyze with you what a blood test for RDW means, why it is increased and decreased, and how blood is deciphered.

What it is

A person who is ignorant of medical terminology when viewing a blood test for RDW is likely to ask the question: what is RDW in a blood test? It is easier for a doctor to answer this question: RDW is an indicator in the blood indicating the heterogeneity of red blood cells.

Erythrocytes in the blood exist in certain norms - volume, diameter, amount of hemoglobin, etc. In abnormal conditions, red blood cells occur in different sizes, and the difference in volume between the largest and smallest is called heterogeneity or RDW.

Laboratory research rdw

Norm

In the body, the norm of RDW in the blood will almost always be close to zero, because in a completely healthy body there are all conditions for the normal existence and synthesis of red blood cells.

Unfortunately, in the harsh reality, many people experience some health problems - almost every city dweller has anemia - a lack of iron or hemoglobin in red blood cells, which will affect the volume of this cell, not to mention other conditions of people.

This phenomenon of different-sized erythrocytes in the blood, scientists called anisocytosis in the blood.

At the same time, in the normal blood RDW, the volumetric size of erythrocytes is 6.9-7.4 microns, and other sizes can be called pathologies:

RBC volume< 6,9 мкм – микроциты (с латинского – маленькие клетки). В норме крови на них должно приходиться меньше 15% всех эритроцитов.
6,9 < объем эритроцита < 7,4 – нормоциты (нормальные клетки). В норме на них должно приходиться не менее 70% всех эритроцитов;
7,4 < объем эритроцита – макроциты (большие клетки). В норме на них должно приходиться меньше 15% всех эритроцитов

The norm of RDW in a blood test in an adult is 11-14%.

Why is an analysis ordered?

Usually, a blood test for RDW is included in the list of mandatory tests during medical examinations, since it can identify the early stages of diseases, but in some cases the doctor may prescribe blood donation for this indicator separately.

Before surgery, it is very important for the doctor to know the RDW in the patient's blood test, as it can show the presence of anemia. And in some cases, the result of an RDW test may be a contraindication for surgery or the drug used during the intervention.

Relegation and promotion

Normally, in a blood test for RDW, the doctor will see more than 70% of normocytic cells. Other indications can be considered deviations that appear as a result of various diseases. Usually, a blood test for RDW is either high or low.

So, if a lowered RDW is detected in a blood test, one can judge the presence of various types of anemia in a person. At the same time, this indicator is important for diagnosis, so with a normal average volume of erythrocytes and a reduced RDW, one can judge the presence of microcytic anemia.

If the average volume of red blood cells is lowered, and the RDW of the blood, on the contrary, is normal, then the patient is prone to hemorrhage (the scientific name for hemorrhages), thalassemia disease (a genetic disorder that affects the synthesis of hemoglobin, which affects the synthesis of red blood cells), or processes associated with the complete removal of the spleen - places of death of erythrocytes.

A patient with a reduced RDW will experience chronic fatigue, easy fatigue, lethargy and drowsiness, sometimes rapid breathing and severe shortness of breath. The clinical picture will resemble anemia. This is because small-sized red blood cells will deliver less oxygen to the tissues than normal-sized red blood cells. The nervous system will first of all “suffer” from this, which will manifest itself in the symptoms described above.

So, when using iron-containing drugs, erythrocyte cells may slightly increase due to new iron, but this will manifest itself in analyzes massively only a month and a half after the start of treatment. Therefore, it is important to take all the prescribed tests on time, because thanks to this, the doctor will be able to track the dynamics of treatment.

Constant fatigue with reduced rdw

How to prepare

Preparing for an RDW blood test is no different than preparing for a CBC. The doctor recommends that the patient observe the hospital regimen, and if the treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, then follow the following general recommendations:

Blood is taken on an empty stomach, in the morning.
A week before the day of the RDW test, it is very important to give up alcoholic beverages.
During the same week, it is recommended to adhere to the principles of the diet, that is, the exclusion from the diet of fried, spicy, fatty and canned foods.
If possible, 3 days before the donation, exclude drugs that especially affect the level of iron in the blood. If it is impossible to cancel, the attending physician informs the patient about this, and also indicates this on the form and referral for tests.
In the morning, it is advisable to eat only light food without sugar. Coffee and strong black tea will also negatively affect the results of the analysis.
Do not smoke for 3 hours before the test.
15 minutes before the test, it is recommended to sit near the office and relax.

All these recommendations are due to the fact that if this schedule is not observed, a sufficiently large number of erythrocytes will be associated with other compounds (an erythrocyte in combination with glucose from food forms glycated hemoglobin, which manifests itself differently in the analysis, similarly - other compounds).

When smoking or drinking strong drinks, a very large number of erythrocytes with oxygen goes to peripheral tissues, which also affects the blood test results.

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The distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered: what does it mean and what to do? Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

The Red Blood Cell Distribution Index (RDW) is a very important factor during a complete blood count. This indicator shows the size and shape of red blood cells.

Red blood cells realize the function of transportation, thereby assisting in the penetration of oxygen into all tissues and organs, while taking away toxins and carbon dioxide accumulated in cells. In the normal state, red blood cells are approximately the same size, which allows them to quickly stick together, forming blood clots.

The indicator of red blood cells in the blood can reflect the presence of pathological processes in the body, especially if the sizes of these cells vary significantly. Next, we will talk about the situations in which the red blood cell distribution index decreases, how it manifests itself and what it indicates.

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

A person in good health has red blood cells of the same shape, density and color. In the event of a deviation, especially in the presence of autoimmune diseases or oncology, a failure occurs at the level of microcells, when young cells do not receive a certain number of components, which, in fact, slows down their performance. Thus, anemia occurs - a pathology during which the body does not receive the right amount of oxygen, in other words, the metabolic function in red blood cells is impaired.

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

During a general blood test, the distribution index of erythrocytes is determined. If a specific disease is suspected, a blood test is prescribed to determine only this indicator.

Most often, the width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume is determined in conjunction with the MCV index. This is the average volume of erythrocytes. This happens because these indexes (by number and volume) are closely related and help in determining the type of anemia.

It happens that the distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered. What does it mean? The thing is that for a qualitative judgment about the state of erythrocytes, not only their concentration in the blood is important, but also their shape. An increased distribution of erythrocytes is observed in 1 of the cases, but if the RDW index is lowered, which is much less common, we are talking about the presence of serious problems in the human body.

A blood test to determine the distribution index of erythrocytes can be carried out both during medical examinations (scheduled) and as prescribed, if there are suspicions of any deviations in the hematopoietic function. The analysis is carried out necessarily before surgery, during pregnancy and in childhood.

Why is it necessary to do an analysis on RDW?

It has already been said above that the distribution index of erythrocytes in the blood makes it possible to conduct a qualitative assessment of the composition of red blood cells, given their size.

But why is this necessary? The thing is that these cells are very similar to each other, which gives them the opportunity to replace each other or form blastulae. An increase in cell size entails an increased need for nutrition and, in addition, this means that their lifespan is reduced. All this directly affects the overall rate of red blood cells in the blood and the human condition.

When a large number of red blood cells die, iron is released and there is more bilirubin, which puts an increased burden on the liver, and as a result, it cannot process these substances.

The RDW index is also directly related to the pathological process during which the dimensions of red blood cells change (anisocytosis). This condition is a complex chemical process that causes all blood cells to suffer.

How is it calculated?

The RDW indicator is calculated as a percentage, the norm of which is the limit from 11.5 to 14.8. The distribution index of erythrocytes is determined using a mathematical equation, which is the ratio of modified red blood cells and their total mass.

At present, laboratories use computer technology that allows you to calculate the percentage of deviation from the established norm. The results of the calculation are presented in the form of a histogram depicting a curve that indicates the likely changes in the size of red blood cells.

Normal performance

The norms of the erythrocyte distribution index depend on gender, age and the presence of certain conditions that occur in the human body. For children under one year old, the normal rate is 11.5-18.7%. At the age of one and older, the values tend to the generally accepted norm, which is 11.5-14.5%.

For the female half of humanity, the upper limit shifts to 15.5%, because their hormonal levels change too often: during pregnancy, lactation, oral contraceptives, menopause.

For analysis, blood is taken on an empty stomach in the morning (until 9 am). It is very important that before this procedure a person does not take any medications, and also stays in a balanced internal state.

Raise RDW

The level of RDW in some situations is elevated. The most common cause of this pathology is iron deficiency anemia. The indicator can change at various stages of the development of the pathology, which clearly reflects the histogram of erythrocytes:

The initial stage of the development of anemia is characterized by normal indices, but hemoglobin will be greatly reduced. This is the result of healthy functioning of the spinal cord.
The next stage of development in the histogram will show an increase in RDW. When there are problems with hemoglobin, indicators such as the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in the blood cell, the average volume of red cells decrease.

In the treatment of IDA, it is necessary to normalize the level of iron-containing protein concentration and its characteristics in human blood.

What do low scores mean?

Patients often ask what it means: "erythrocyte distribution index is lowered." Since the erythrocyte distribution index cannot be estimated without a volume indicator, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with all options for underestimated indicators with their relationship:

RDW is low, and MCV is below average - indicates the presence of problems with the spleen and liver.
RDW is lowered, and MCV is higher than the normal level - indicates the presence of oncological pathologies, mainly the development of bone marrow metastases.

The fact that the distribution index of erythrocytes RDW sd is reduced, from a biological point of view, cannot, in principle, be observed. For this reason, most often the patient is offered to donate blood again, observing the following conditions:

stop smoking and drinking alcohol within 24 hours before blood sampling;
before the analysis, do not take any medications;
refuse to eat smoked and salty foods the day before.

In the case when the distribution index of erythrocytes RDW sd is really lowered, which is necessarily confirmed by deviations from the norm of the MCV indicator, this indicates the occurrence of certain pathologies. These include:

Hypochromic microcytic anemia - sometimes also called anemia. A condition in which irregularly shaped red blood cells die because they have no biological value in the body.
Malignant tumors - usually in this case we are talking about mastopathy, bone marrow and lung cancer.
Hemolysis of red blood cells is the process during which red blood cells die before reaching their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

So, the distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered - what does this mean? There are several reasons that can lower the RDW:

Acute blood loss in trauma and pathological bleeding.
Frequent operations.
A metabolic disorder in which the food consumed is not completely digested.
Hormonal failure, which is most common in women.
Deficiency in the body of B vitamins and iron.
Blood diseases characterized by rapid destructive processes.

What measures to take?

What to do when the erythrocyte distribution index is lowered?

A highly qualified doctor at the consultation will most likely ask the patient to take the test again, because the RDW indicator is almost never underestimated. Since this suggests that all cells are ideal in their parameters, and this, in principle, cannot be. If the indicator is confirmed upon re-analysis, then a complete study of the state of the body is carried out, paying special attention to oncological examinations.

Preventive measures

You can prevent a low RDW by following these simple rules:

The diet should be balanced, which includes a lot of fresh fruits, lean meats and vegetables.
It is recommended to breathe fresh air as often as possible.
An active lifestyle will help prevent the RDW index from dropping.
It is very important not to miss scheduled medical examinations, during which serious deviations from the norm are most often detected that do not have external symptoms.

As a result, we learned that the distribution index of erythrocytes reflects their dimensions relative to each other and makes it possible to learn about their biological value. A decrease in the RDW is very rare, but if the distribution index of erythrocytes is low, this means that various pathologies are possible.

The index is calculated based on the results of a general blood test, but it can only be fully valid in conjunction with the MCV indicator, since they are closely interconnected.

Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

Why is RDW needed?

The more cells die, the more bilirubin and iron are released, which in turn represents an increased load on the liver, which will malfunction, unable to cope with the processing of these substances.

We suggest watching a video on the topic

How is it determined?

It is determined using a mathematical formula, in the form of a ratio of modified erythrocytes that exceed the maximum allowable volumes to the total mass of erythrocytes.

What do the results depend on?

Index variations

In a more detailed in-depth study of the erythrocyte distribution index index, two values are considered:

RDW-SD - defines the standard deviation from the norm, expressed in femtoliters. The indicator has nothing to do with MCV, since it shows the quantitative value of the difference between the largest and smallest cells.
RDW-SV - shows how much the volume of erythrocytes differs from the average. It is defined as the percentage of all deformed cells to the total erythrocyte mass.

What do the low values mean?

Since it is impossible to fully evaluate RDW without MCV, all options for lower values should be considered when these two indices are interconnected:

RDW is low and MCV is below average - a problem with the liver and spleen.
RDW is low, and MCV is higher than normal - the presence of oncological diseases, mainly with metastases in the bone marrow.

do not smoke or drink alcohol 24 hours before blood sampling;
do not use medications before analysis;
limit the intake of salty and smoked foods the day before.

In the case when the RDW is really below the norm, which is confirmed by the unsatisfactory analyzes of his "colleague" MCV, this may indicate the development of diseases such as:

Microcytic anemia - in the common people "anemia", when, due to irregular shapes, red blood cells quickly die off, without representing any biological value for the body.
Malignant neoplasms - usually refers to diseases such as mastopathy, bone marrow cancer and lung cancer.
Extensive hemolysis is a process in which red blood cells are destroyed before they reach their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

There are a number of reasons that could provoke the development of such a manifestation, as a reduced RDW:

Large blood loss in traumatism and pathological bleeding. The most dangerous are uterine and gastric internal bleeding, in which the blood leaves at a rapid pace, reducing the chances of survival.
Frequent surgical interventions, especially when removing any organ or part of it.
Incorrect metabolism, in which the food consumed is not completely digested and assimilated, but partially or completely undergoes fermentation and decay processes.
Hormonal imbalance, which is more common among the female half of the population.
Lack of iron and B vitamins in the body.
Pathologies of the blood, which are characterized by rapid destructive processes, as a result of which erythrocytes completely lose their biological functions.

How is it manifested?

A patient with a low RDW will have all the symptoms of anemia:

lethargy and apathy;
fast fatiguability;
frequent dizziness, especially with sudden movements;
constant fatigue even after a long rest;
severe shortness of breath with the addition of chest dry cough for no reason;
increased heart rate (tachycardia);
increased blood pressure (if overweight).

The nerve cells responsible for all impulses in the body will be the first to suffer, from which the above symptoms appear.

What to do?

Prevention

You can prevent this process by following simple rules:

Eat a balanced diet, including plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits, and lean meats.
Be outdoors more often.
To live an active lifestyle.
Do not neglect scheduled medical examinations, where, according to statistics, serious pathologies that do not have external signs are most often detected.

This percentage is relative, so in many cases it is not calculated with a detailed blood test.

The distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered: what does it mean and what to do? Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

The Red Blood Cell Distribution Index (RDW) is a very important factor during a complete blood count. This indicator shows the size and shape of red blood cells.

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

During a general blood test, the distribution index of erythrocytes is determined. If a specific disease is suspected, a blood test is prescribed to determine only this indicator.

Why is it necessary to do an analysis on RDW?

It has already been said above that the distribution index of erythrocytes in the blood makes it possible to conduct a qualitative assessment of the composition of red blood cells, given their size.

When a large number of red blood cells die, iron is released and there is more bilirubin, which puts an increased burden on the liver, and as a result, it cannot process these substances.

How is it calculated?

Normal performance

For the female half of humanity, the upper limit shifts to 15.5%, because their hormonal levels change too often: during pregnancy, lactation, oral contraceptives, menopause.

Raise RDW

The initial stage of the development of anemia is characterized by normal indices, but hemoglobin will be greatly reduced. This is the result of healthy functioning of the spinal cord.
The next stage of development in the histogram will show an increase in RDW. When there are problems with hemoglobin, indicators such as the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in the blood cell, the average volume of red cells decrease.

In the treatment of IDA, it is necessary to normalize the level of iron-containing protein concentration and its characteristics in human blood.

What do low scores mean?

RDW is low, and MCV is below average - indicates the presence of problems with the spleen and liver.
RDW is lowered, and MCV is higher than the normal level - indicates the presence of oncological pathologies, mainly the development of bone marrow metastases.

stop smoking and drinking alcohol within 24 hours before blood sampling;
before the analysis, do not take any medications;
refuse to eat smoked and salty foods the day before.

Hypochromic microcytic anemia - sometimes also called anemia. A condition in which irregularly shaped red blood cells die because they have no biological value in the body.
Malignant tumors - usually in this case we are talking about mastopathy, bone marrow and lung cancer.
Hemolysis of red blood cells is the process during which red blood cells die before reaching their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

So, the distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered - what does this mean? There are several reasons that can lower the RDW:

Acute blood loss in trauma and pathological bleeding.
Frequent operations.
A metabolic disorder in which the food consumed is not completely digested.
Hormonal failure, which is most common in women.
Deficiency in the body of B vitamins and iron.
Blood diseases characterized by rapid destructive processes.

What measures to take?

What to do when the erythrocyte distribution index is lowered?

Preventive measures

You can prevent a low RDW by following these simple rules:

The diet should be balanced, which includes a lot of fresh fruits, lean meats and vegetables.
It is recommended to breathe fresh air as often as possible.
An active lifestyle will help prevent the RDW index from dropping.
It is very important not to miss scheduled medical examinations, during which serious deviations from the norm are most often detected that do not have external symptoms.

The index is calculated based on the results of a general blood test, but it can only be fully valid in conjunction with the MCV indicator, since they are closely interconnected.

The distribution width of erythrocytes in a blood test

Many of us, donating blood for tests, only know in general terms what this study shows. Hemoglobin, sugar level, leukocytes, erythrocytes. But in laboratory conditions, not only the amount of various blood components is determined, but also their quality, saturation, volume and even shape. Few people know what the width of the distribution of red blood cells means. It's time to improve your horizons in the field of medical examinations and expand your knowledge in the analysis of clinical tests.

One of the indicators to assess the state of erythrocytes is the width of the distribution of erythrocytes RDW. With the help of this erythrocyte index, the presence of red blood cells of different volumes in the blood, the area of \u200b\u200btheir distribution and the range of difference between the largest and smallest erythrocytes are determined. Usually, blood cells are homogeneous and equal in volume, but over the years or the appearance of certain pathologies, a discrepancy is obtained between the cells. There are some diseases that can be detected at an early stage using the RDW CV erythrocyte distribution width assay.

What is the RBC Distribution Width RDW?

Of course, the basis of blood is erythrocytes or red blood cells. That is why our blood is red. Red blood cells have very important responsibilities in the body: saturate it with oxygen, maintain acid and alkaline balance and isotonia, remove CO 2 (carbon dioxide) from organs and tissues, and much more. Similar functions are performed by hemoglobin, which is a significant part of the erythrocyte. Therefore, when taking a clinical blood test, some erythrocyte indices are checked, one of them is the erythrocyte distribution width (RDW). This parameter represents the level of heterogeneity of red cells, as well as how different red blood cells differ from each other. RDW is measured with a special hematological device, the result is recorded as a percentage.

Normal RDW for an adult is considered to be 11.5-14.5%, and for children under 6 months old, the norm is set in the range of 14.9-18.7%, and after 6 months - 11.6-14.8%.

For example, if the distribution width of erythrocytes is increased, this means that the cells greatly outnumber each other in size, their life span is significantly reduced, and the total number of cells is disturbed. When the width of the distribution of erythrocytes is below normal, this indicates a slow blood formation and may indicate the presence of anemia (anemia) in any degree.

Any deviation from the norm can lead to various problems and diseases, in nature and severity, and are the basis for additional examination and identification of the cause. But, in any case, only a qualified, experienced specialist can make the only correct conclusion.

When lowered

If a reduced RDW is detected in a blood test, then most likely you will be sent for a retake of the analysis, since the analytical device can only record normal and high levels. This situation is extremely rare, and basically the doctor states the development of anemia. However, sometimes the RDW CV can be lowered due to:

oncology;
the occurrence of myeloma or leukemia;
destruction or damage of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin (hemolysis).

The main reasons when the width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume is below normal:

lack of iron in the body;
lack of certain vitamins;
large (prolonged) blood loss;
pathological erythrocyte decay.

At the first manifestations of anemia, a person begins to feel unwell, prone to fainting and shortness of breath, the skin becomes too pale. In this case, you need to consult a doctor for advice, especially if the width of the distribution of red blood cells is below the norm in a child.

The width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume is increased

The condition when the RDW is significantly higher than normal is called anisocytosis. As already mentioned, this is not an independent disease, but only a factor of some specific cause.

When the distribution width of erythrocytes by volume is increased, this means that red blood cells are different in their diameter, there are normocytes with a diameter of 7-9 microns, microcytes - up to 6.9 microns, macrocytes - from 8 microns, and megacytes - from 12 microns.

Erythrocyte anisocytosis can be of 3 degrees of severity:

I degree - when 30-50% of all blood cells have a different size;
II degree - in % of erythrocytes the diameter is changed;
III degree - more than 70% of all blood cells are transformed.

When the relative width of the distribution of red blood cells by volume is increased, red blood cells live a very short life, and with a large number of destroyed red blood cells, a lot of iron and bilirubin accumulate. These substances subsequently enter the liver for modification and processing. Thus, the organ is heavily overloaded, so it does not perform its other functions well.

In addition, the spleen increases in size, which is engaged in getting rid of destroyed blood cells and replenishing new ones. In such a situation, the load on the spleen is simply enormous, so much so that the nearest adjacent organs, such as the stomach or intestines, may suffer.

The main reasons for the increased width of distribution of erythrocytes by volume:

acute liver diseases;
Deficiency of vit. A and B12 ;
iron deficiency and folic acid deficiency anemia;
oncological formations;
alcoholism;
leukocytosis;
hemolytic crisis.

Also, the width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume above the norm is found in lead poisoning, diseases of the heart and blood vessels, and bone marrow metaplasia.

Symptoms of anisocytosis

Due to the negative effect on the liver and spleen, a patient with a similar phenomenon may experience a yellowish skin color.

Another obvious sign is excessive sweating, fatigue and drowsiness, weakness and loss of strength, inability to perform long-term work.

The nervous system can also be shaken, a person can be too excited in places, or, on the contrary, may seem indifferent and aloof.

In addition, often the patient has a rapid heartbeat, even in a state of calm, shortness of breath.

Eyeballs, skin and nails become unhealthy pale.

Treatment of such a condition usually comes down to eliminating the factors and causes of the appearance of cells of different sizes. Sometimes, it is enough to make a little lifestyle change, stick to the recommended diet and stop taking medications that contribute to the fall of vit. B 12 in the body so that the red blood cells return to normal.

RBC Distribution Width (RDW)

A blood test can determine not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative composition of the blood. The size, shape, color and volume of cells are an additional criterion for diagnosing diseases. Sometimes in the general analysis, in addition to red, white, flat cells, RDW is indicated, which means the distribution of red blood cells in width.

What is RDW in a blood test?

The color of our blood is given by red cells - erythrocytes. They are disc-shaped, concave in the middle on both sides. They are produced by the red bone marrow. The composition of cells contains hemoglobin - a protein that takes part in metabolism. It binds oxygen in the lungs, then delivers it to the tissues.

Normally, all red blood cells have the same size, shape, color, so that if necessary, one cell can replace another and perform the same functions. In various diseases, some of the red blood cells increase in size. Large cells cannot pass into the narrow lumen of the capillaries, blood circulation is disturbed, so the body utilizes unnecessary elements.

RDW is an index that shows the ratio of healthy and enlarged red blood cells in diameter. 2 RDW indicators are determined:

RDW CV is the distribution of erythrocytes by size in percent;
RDW SD - determines the difference between the smallest and largest red blood cells.

Analysis on RDW

An analysis for RDW shows anisocytosis of red blood cells, that is, the presence of red cells of a non-standard size. In addition to normocytes in anisocytosis, there are:

Microcytes - their diameter is less than 7 microns;
Macrocytes - diameter from 8 to 12 microns;
Megalocytes - more than 12 microns.

When RBCs are very different in size from normocytes, anisocytosis is diagnosed. Depending on which cells predominate, microcytosis, macrocytosis, and a mixed state occur.

RDW is determined in a general clinical analysis, which is performed routinely, at diagnosis or before surgery.

The value of the indicator needs to be known in case of suspected anemia, differential diagnosis of various types of disease, as well as to control the quality of treatment.

Blood is taken from a finger in the morning on an empty stomach. In the laboratory, the degree of decrease or increase in RDW is calculated. The laboratory assistant can do this manually or on a modern hematological analyzer. On the device, the study shows more accurate values, the result is determined faster.

When the level of anisocytosis is elevated, a retake for analysis with a histogram is required, since the width of the distribution of erythrocytes changes frequently and quickly.

Norm RDW in a blood test

The normal RDW value does not depend on age and sex differences in adults. In newborns and older children, this figure may normally be slightly higher than in adults.

RDW rate table in percent:

There are several degrees of anisocytosis:

I degree - a slight increase, large and small red blood cells are in the range of 30-50%;
II degree - moderate increase: from 50% to 70%;
III degree - a pronounced increase in anisocytosis: more than 70%;
IV degree - almost all erythrocytes are changed.

Analyzers count the number of red cells of different sizes per 1 µl of blood, as well as the deviation in size by degrees. In addition to RDW - the width of the spread of erythrocytes in diameter, - a study is used on MCV - the distribution of red cells by volume. Knowledge of the second indicator is necessary for a more accurate diagnosis.

Increased RDW

An increase in the RDW index from the normal value indicates that diseases are present in the body. If the distribution width of erythrocytes is increased, this means that most of the red cells have deformed and changed. The life span of such cells is reduced, which affects the total number of red blood cells in the body: the indicator goes down.

RDW is elevated in a blood test for the following diseases:

Anemia with iron deficiency;
Anemia with a deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid;
Hemolytic anemia - a decrease in hemoglobin occurs due to the premature destruction of red blood cells;
Chronic liver diseases;
Oncology with liver metastases;
Leukemia;
blood transfusion;
Alcoholism;
lead intoxication;
Alzheimer's disease - neurodegenerative changes with loss of short-term and long-term memory.

A change in the distribution of red cells along the diameter may also indicate cardiovascular pathology and the development of IS of the heart.

RDW in the blood test is lowered

A decrease in the width of the distribution of erythrocytes below the norm practically does not occur. With some types of anemia, it can remain within normal values:

Aplastic anemia - stem cells of the bone marrow are affected, because of this, blood cells do not mature and grow;
Posthemorrhagic anemia - after bleeding;
Anemia in chronic diseases;
Spherocytosis - red cells take the form of a ball and quickly collapse (a type of hemolytic anemia);
Thalassemia is a hereditary disease in which red blood cells are deformed, it is dangerous to develop a hemolytic crisis;
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease of the blood, a defect in the cells does not allow binding hemoglobin in full, the cells are elongated in shape and resemble a sickle, which is fraught with blockage of blood vessels throughout the body.

Since there are a great many different types of anemia, in medicine, the RDW index plays a crucial role in diagnosing diseases. The indicator is also determined to monitor the effectiveness of treatment in order to make changes to treatment measures, if necessary, while preventing complications and serious consequences.

An increase or decrease in the distribution index of erythrocytes - what does this mean?

One of the main indicators when conducting a blood test is the erythrocyte distribution index (RDW), which helps determine the size and shape of red blood cells.

Under normal conditions, their shapes and sizes are the same, this contributes to rapid gluing and the formation of clots (if necessary).

If the parameters of the cells are very different (the level is increased or decreased), then this may signal the occurrence of a pathology.

What is this index?

The basis of human blood is the cells that form in the bone marrow tissue. Divided into white, red cells and platelets.

Erythrocytes are red blood cells that give the human fluid the appropriate color.

They perform the function of transporting oxygen to every cell of the body, while taking away toxic substances and carbon dioxide that have accumulated in the cells.

Normally, red blood cells are identical, that is, they have the same shape, color and size. It is from this indicator (MCV) that the normal functioning of red blood cells depends.

If the doctor suspects that the patient's blood cell size may change, then the doctor writes a referral for a complete blood count.

The RDW indicator is set not by a doctor, but by a laboratory assistant. RDW as a result of the analysis is a violation of the distribution of red blood cells by size. An abnormal change in the characteristics of red blood cells is called anisocytosis.

If the size of blood cells is increased, then the need for nutrition increases, so their lifespan is short. This has a negative impact on human health.

The more red blood cells die, the more the liver is loaded, since more iron and bilirubin have to be processed.

Normally, in the human body, normal and altered red blood cells are 5 to 1.

An increase in the number of pathological red blood cells can be suspected by signs such as anemia, fatigue, shortness of breath, cyanosis of the skin.

The occurrence of such a condition can be caused by a lack of vitamins, iron, problems with the functioning of bone marrow tissue, and cancer of the blood. Treatment will depend on the cause and is to eliminate it.

The definition of RDW is carried out in a complex with other indicators at the beginning of the diagnosis.

The analysis can be carried out both as planned during a physical examination, and urgently - before an operable intervention.

For some patients, regular check-ups may be carried out to study the results of treatment.

Blood test and interpretation of results

In medical practice, two types of RDW are distinguished - these are RDW-CV and RDW-SD, which are able to determine the size variation of red blood cells.

The first indicator is interpreted as the relative width of the distribution of red cells in volume, that is, it is the coefficient of variation.

RDW-CV in the blood test is influenced by MCV, with changes in which there is a tendency to increase the level.

It turns out that this indicator indicates how much the volume of red blood cells differs from the average. Measured as a percentage, the normal level ranges between 11.3 - 14.3%.

The red cell ratio RDW-SD in the total blood count is interpreted as the relative width of erythrocytes by volume, but it also notes the standard deviation.

We can say that it reveals how red blood cells differ in size and volume, that is, it measures what is the difference between the smallest and largest blood cell.

This indicator does not depend on MCV and is measured in femtoliters. The normal level is noted at 40 - 45 fl.

The differences between the RDW indices are that RDW-SD is accurate in the presence of a small number of macrocytes and microcytes, while RDW CV has less sensitivity, but it reveals general changes in the characteristics of blood cells.

Many diseases can be diagnosed at an early stage of development using RDW blood tests.

It is precisely for the reason that the development of various kinds of pathologies or the absence of them is affected by the volume, the number and presence of red blood cells, the volume of which is significantly increased, is characteristic.

Modern medical laboratories use computer equipment that is able to determine the percentage deviation from the normal level without manually calculating the indicator.

The obtained data are presented in the form of a histogram. The norm of the indicator depends on the age criterion, gender, physiological characteristics of a person.

So, for a child under one year old, the indicator should be 11.3 - 17.9%. In an adult and in a child older than a year, the level stops at the accepted indicator of 11.3 - 14.3%, however, in females, the upper limit can increase to 15.3% due to frequent hormonal imbalances.

Blood for analysis is collected in the morning on an empty stomach. Before the delivery of the material, you can not drink alcohol and medicines, it is recommended to rest and rest.

Increasing the level of RDW

The RDW level in a blood test may be elevated in some situations. The most common cause of this pathology is iron deficiency anemia.

At the same time, at different stages of development, the indicator will change, which is clearly visible on the histogram of erythrocyte indicators.

At the initial stage of the development of anemia, all indices fluctuate within normal limits, but the hemoglobin level will be significantly underestimated. This indicates a healthy functioning of the spinal cord.

At the next stage of development, the histogram shows an increased level of RDW. With problems with the formation of hemoglobin, there is a decrease in such indicators as the average volume of red cells, the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in the blood cell.

In the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, all action is aimed at normalizing the level of concentration of iron-containing protein and its characteristics in human blood.

This effect can be achieved with the use of medical preparations containing iron.

If the level of RDW is increased as a result of a blood test, then the process of heterogeneity of all red cells is isolated, that is, the content in the blood of red cells that differ in volume or different types of their population.

This can occur after a blood transfusion.

The main reasons that provoke an increase in the level of RDW:

lack of folic acid in the body;
chronic liver diseases;
pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
development of dementia;
oncological diseases;
lack of vitamins;
anemia of various etiologies, for example, microcytic;
blood transfusions;
alcoholism;
heterogeneous clonal diseases;
spread of metastases to the spinal cord;
intoxication of the body with heavy metals, such as lead;
microspherocytosis;
bone marrow metaplasia;
other pathological conditions.

The exact root causes can only be established by a specialist in a medical institution.

Downgrading RDW

In order to understand the reasons for the low RDW, it is necessary to reconsider two variations of the low indicator in the ratio of two indices - RDW and MCV.

The first situation is RDW is low and MCV is below average. This signals pathologies of the liver or spleen.

The second - RDW is low, and MCV is above normal - the development of malignant neoplasms, probably with metastasis to the bone marrow tissue.

A decrease in the distribution of red cells does not manifest itself symptomatically, therefore, in traditional medicine, when a very low level is detected, a second blood test is almost always prescribed, but subject to the mandatory conditions:

do not drink alcohol-containing drinks;
no smoking;
do not take medications;
exclude fatty, fried, salty, spicy and smoked foods from the diet;
limit physical activity.

If, upon receipt of a repeated analysis result, it turns out that the RDW and MCV indicators are unsatisfactory, then this may signal the development of such pathologies:

hypochromic anemia - the so-called anemia caused by premature death of red blood cells;
oncological pathologies - cancer of the breast, spinal cord;
extensive hemolysis is a disease in which red blood cells are destroyed so early that they do not benefit the human body.

Reasons that can provoke a decrease in RDW:

loss of a significant amount of blood in wounds and injuries. The most dangerous internal bleeding is uterine and gastrointestinal, in which there is a risk not only to health, but also to the life of the patient;
operable interventions, especially due to resection;
pathologies of the digestive system, in which food is not fully digested, but provokes the process of decay;
hormonal fluctuations;
avitaminosis;
blood diseases.

It is possible to prevent a decrease in the RBC distribution index, and it is quite simple to do this.

Secondly, it is necessary to devote more time to active sports - jogging, cycling, and even walking in the fresh air will bring great benefits to the body.

Do not ignore the need to visit a medical institution for a routine examination.

According to statistics, it is during routine examinations that many diseases that do not manifest symptoms are diagnosed.

In the process of research, various components of the blood are determined, or rather, their number.

Erythrocytes are blood cells whose task is to:

maintaining an acid-base balance;
withdrawal from plasma of various amino acids;
isotonic support;
oxygen saturation;
removal of carbon dioxide from the cells and tissues of the body.

It is quite clear that, of various etiologies, disturbances in the quantitative content of red blood cells in the blood lead to various diseases of the human body as a whole. The main component of the erythrocyte is hemoglobin.

Blood analysis

When examining blood in the laboratory, regardless of its purpose, first of all, studies of the level of leukocytes are carried out, as well as hemoglobin saturation:

with an increased content of leukocytes, blockage of small vessels can be observed,
with an insufficient number of red blood cells, oxygen starvation can occur.

In the analysis, there are such concepts as: the average volume of erythrocytes, the content of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte, the concentration of hemoglobin. Also an important indicator is the width of the distribution of erythrocytes, whether it is increased.

Increased red blood cell distribution width

The width of distribution in a healthy person is a value equal to 11.5 to 14.5 percent. With an increase in this indicator, that is, with an increase in the width of the distribution, erythrocytes differ greatly from each other in size. The increased size of erythrocytes shortens their lifespan, which by itself negatively affects the total number of erythrocytes in the blood.

As you know, with a fairly large destruction of red blood cells, as a result of which a large amount of iron, the yellow pigment of bilirubin, is formed in the blood, which enters the liver for further processing. The liver, under this load, cannot fully cope with the processing of iron, which also adversely affects human health. Also, the width of the distribution of erythrocytes with an increase affects the work of the spleen, leading it to increase in size, due to the fact that the spleen removes “non-working” erythrocytes from the body and releases new ones into the blood.

Such increased functionality of the spleen can affect nearby organs. Due to a significant increase, the latter can crush the stomach and intestines. With pressure on the lung, the development of various kinds of diseases of the upper respiratory tract is also possible.

With an increased width of the distribution of erythrocytes, one can, first of all, judge a disease called "iron deficiency anemia". This disease is the most common among anemia. At different stages, the indicator of the width of the distribution of erythrocytes is not increased equally. In the initial stages of the disease, the density index may be normal, but the hemoglobin content index may be lowered.

With the development of the disease, the width of the distribution of erythrocytes increases, that is, individual erythrocytes increase in size. The content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes, on the contrary, decreases, sometimes to a critical level. Treatment of this type of anemia primarily consists in normalizing the level of hemoglobin and its characteristics. Treatment is mainly through medication with the use of drugs with a high iron content.

With an increase in the width of the distribution of erythrocytes, the heterogeneity of erythrocytes is often noticed, that is, erythrocytes are observed in the blood that differ greatly in size. Also, the reasons for increasing the width of the distribution of erythrocytes can be various kinds of chronic liver diseases, lack of vitamin B12, various neoplasms, cancers and other conditions.

Symptoms of an increase in the width of the distribution of red blood cells

With the development of an increased width of the distribution of erythrocytes, various manifestations can be observed.

For example, since in this case there is a considerable effect on the liver and spleen, yellowness of the skin and an increase in body temperature may appear. As with any disease, sweating, loss of strength, drowsiness and fatigue are manifested. On the part of the human nervous system, both excitations and, vice versa, more renounced states are possible. In any case, the symptoms cannot be specifically described, as changes in red blood cells affect many organs.

Consequently, a violation of the width of the distribution of erythrocytes can lead to diseases of a different nature and severity of the course, since the human body is a rather complex system, with a number of interconnected organs and systems. The abnormal functioning of one of them can lead to a malfunction of the body as a whole.

The distribution width of erythrocytes (RDW index): what is it, the norm, increased and decreased

To determine different populations of red blood cells, an indicator (erythrocyte index) is used - the width of the distribution of erythrocytes - RDW or the degree of erythrocyte anisocytosis, which is included in the list of all components of the general blood test (CBC), that is, this parameter is usually not assigned on its own and not tested in the laboratory.

So what does such an erythrocyte index as RDW mean, what information does it carry to specialists and why is it used?

Distribution of erythrocytes by volume

If we examine under a microscope the red blood cells present in the blood of a patient suffering from a certain hematological pathology, we can find that the erythrocytes (Er) are not all the same in volume. Among all non-nuclear biconcave forms, there may be cells that differ significantly in size from normal erythrocytes:

Large cells - macrocytes;
Just giants - megalocytes;
Lilliputian cells, which are called microcytes.

And here it is not necessary to be a specialist in this field in order to understand that red blood elements that have changed their volume will not be able to fully perform their physiological functions (transfer of oxygen and nutrients, regulation of water-salt metabolism and acid-base balance, participation in blood coagulation, etc. .), which, of course, will affect the overall health of the body.

Meanwhile, one should not attach too much importance if ugly forms are present in single copies, it is another matter if they claim an equal position with normal erythrocytes. In order to find out how many in the general population of erythrocytes there are bizarre shapes characteristic of a particular type of anemia, and calculate the width of the distribution of erythrocytes (erythrocyte index RDW).

Many laboratory diagnostic physicians and hematologists take RDW as a coefficient of variation, indicating how much the average red blood cell volume (MCV) deviates from the generally accepted norm, and calculate it using the formula:

where SD denotes the standard deviation of the mean volume of red blood cells, and the MCV index corresponds to their mean volume.

Is it always possible to believe the norm?

The range of normal values of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume varies within 11.5 - 14.5% (in children under six months, the norm, in general, differs markedly and ranges from 14% to 18.7%, although from 6 months the values of the indicator are already begin to aspire to the norm of adults).

An elevated RDW in a blood test indicates the degree of heterogeneity (heterogeneity) of red blood cell populations or indicates the presence of several blood cell populations in the sample, which occurs, for example, after a recent blood transfusion.

It is hardly possible to use the term “reduced RDW value” when calculating the width of the distribution of erythrocytes, since this option reflects, as it were, the norm, and therefore cannot be taken as a laboratory indicator characterizing some phenomenon unusual for these blood elements. The less unnatural forms (due to an increase or decrease in volume) of erythrocytes in the blood, the more representatives of the population for this trait are within the normal digital values. And yet, if this happens (RDW - lowered), then, most likely, the analyzer made a mistake, and in order to correct this oversight, the patient will have to provide a finger for a puncture again, and the laboratory staff will have to calibrate the device.

In addition, it should be taken into account that RDW, which is within the normal range, is not always proof of complete health, because in some cases, the distribution of red blood cells by volume is not increased, and clinical manifestations and laboratory tests confirm the presence of the disease (anemia).

Increased RDW

An increased index is quite a suitable indicator even for the differential diagnosis of certain types of anemia, it allows you to distinguish between their forms:

Megaloblastic and macrocytic, a typical representative is B12 / folic / -deficiency anemia. In the blood test: hyperchromia, the average volume of Er is above 160 fl, the cell diameter is more than 12 μm, RDW is increased (anisocytosis), different forms of erythrocytes (poikilocytosis);
Normocytic: aplastic anemia, as well as anemia caused by chronic pathology (tuberculosis, pyelonephritis, collagenoses, liver disease), a malignant process, or caused by dysfunction of the endocrine system;
Microcytic (iron deficiency anemia, in the blood test: hypochromia, anisocytosis towards microcytosis).

True, in such cases, in addition to RDW, the diagnosis also relies on another erythrocyte index - MCV, which characterizes a red blood cell as a normocyte (at 80 x / l - 100 x / l or 80 - 100 femtoliters), microcyte (at - below 80 fl), macrocyte (if the average volume is more than 100 fl).

In addition, when testing blood samples in order to calculate the values of erythrocyte indices (including RDW), it is very important to compare the results obtained with the histogram of erythrocytes, which, after completing their work, is usually issued by modern hematological systems with software.

Thus, an increased RDW with values of the mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) above 100 fl may indicate the following pathological conditions:

IDA (iron deficiency anemia) - the most common anemic condition (IDA accounts for up to 80% in the entire group of diseases of this kind)
Sideroblastic anemia (a heterogeneous group of hypochromic microcytic anemias);
Macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia;
Myelodysplastic syndromes, which are a hematological pathology that combines a group of heterogeneous diseases with characteristic signs of a decrease in the number of individual populations of blood cell elements (cytopenia) and a clonal disorder of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (dysplasia). Myelodysplastic syndrome is characterized by a high risk of transformation into a malignant process;
Bone marrow metaplasia;
Metastases of malignant tumors in the bone marrow.

Obviously, for a certain range of pathological conditions, the calculation of the width of the distribution of erythrocytes has a very important diagnostic value.

Why is RDW a new indicator for patients?

Previously, until automated hematological systems entered the daily life of the laboratory service, the degree of anisocytosis was determined visually, when viewing a smear using optical equipment. And the distribution width of erythrocytes was not called RDW and was not calculated by a device designed for automatic hematological analysis. The calculation was carried out by a different method - using the Price-Jones curve, which, as it turned out later, did not coincide with the erythrocytometric curves performed by the “smart” machine with maximum accuracy, but it took a lot of effort and time for doctors and laboratory assistants to conduct the study. Now, having placed the sample in the "smart" apparatus, no one asks him one question - to work only on a separate test. The analyzer simply calculates everything that is provided for by the program and is embedded in it, so patients began to see new indicators, which were not even mentioned when processing samples manually.

And such studies were previously of interest mainly to hematologists to clarify the nature of anemia, who, if necessary, turned to the laboratory with a note in the direction: to conduct a morphological study of erythrocytes, calculate and present graphically (Price-Jones erythrocytometric curve) the ratio of the number of red cells with different diameters. Of course, not all blood samples were subjected to such testing, but only samples taken from specific patients. Now, in principle, nothing has changed, this indicator is likely to be of interest to a separate circle of specialists. Well, if RDW is present in the blood test, then patients have the right to ask questions.

Currently, an automatic hematology analyzer successfully copes with the calculation of RDW in a blood test, which quietly, quickly and efficiently solves the problem. And makes RDW everyone.

The relative width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume is increased or decreased

As a result of blood sampling, in order to exclude a particular disease in humans, doctors in the laboratory conduct the necessary studies to identify pathologies in the collected plasma and its constituent cellular elements in the form of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. The described elements for the performance of their normal function are determined by typical sizes, volumes (CV) and shapes. Therefore, any change in these indicators can affect the vital activity and active functioning of cells and, as a result, lead to various changes in homeostasis. Therefore, in order to be able to correctly assess the described cells, an indicator was developed in the form of a certain index indicating the width of the distribution of erythrocytes (rdw).

Using such an erythrocyte index, it is possible to determine in the hematopoietic system the presence of red blood cells of different volumes, their distribution and the scale of differences between the largest and smallest described elements. Often, the so-called blood cells have a homogeneous structure, and a single volume is indicated, but over time or as a result of the emergence of certain pathologies in humans, some discrepancies may be observed between cells.

Moreover, in nature there are such diseases that can be determined at an early stage of their manifestation only thanks to a blood test for the width of the distribution of erythrocytes - RDW CV.

What determines the width of the distribution of erythrocytes

And so the term described is due to a certain index, the use of which makes it possible for physicians to obtain information about the actual distribution of blood cells of various sizes and shapes. That is, when deciphering this index, you can get information about the percentage of erythrocytes in the hematopoietic system - the size and volume of these cells, which can be increased or decreased.

In order to fill the existing blood cells with oxygen, blood particles need to have a secured passage even into the smallest vessels of the human body. That is why, both in physiological terms and in size, the bodies described should fit the so-called openings of the vessels.

If excessively large or very small described elements are formed in the hematopoietic system, this leads to all kinds of changes in the described structural units of the human body. As a result, a person has a need to designate the cellular component of plasma by using an indicator in the form of RDW CV.

How the study is carried out and what is the norm for the width of the distribution of erythrocytes

Blood for the calculated distribution of the described cells is taken for research in view of:

Planned analysis;
Necessary diagnostics of certain pathological phenomena;
Operable intervention in the human body;
The origin of the diverse etiology of anemia.

Just the same, the last described pathological conditions are a common indicator indicating the need for certain blood tests. Moreover, the most modern methods of blood sampling from a person make it possible to conduct any examination of the hematopoietic system quite quickly and with high quality, giving a correct assessment of the state of the erythrocytes themselves.

The results of the tests performed will be negative if the described indicators are normal, and positive if the RDW level is high. And only with a second examination, the physician will be able to explain to the patient the pattern and reasons for this increase, since it is impossible to establish a reliable diagnosis based on a single blood sampling. So, for example, after any operation, the described index is usually due to an increased level of RDW.

Blood for research can be taken from an adult patient from a vein, and from a child from a finger. When passing the analysis itself, the recommended last meal should be taken 7-8 hours before the study itself.

To determine the norm of the indicator, age, gender and certain physiological processes occurring in the human body are taken into account. For infants aged 0 to one year, an indicator ranging from 11.5 to 18.7% can be considered the defining value of the norm.

After the first year of life, the digital value of the index begins to approach the norm from 11.5 to 14.5%. In the representatives of the weaker sex, the upper indicator can shift and reach a digital value of 15.5%, as a result of hormonal changes in the body:

During pregnancy;
During lactation;
When using contraceptive means;
In view of the beginning of the menopause.

Important! Blood sampling should be carried out on an empty stomach. Before the study, you can not use any drugs inside.

In the process of in-depth study of the features of the distribution index of the described cells, it is customary to consider the following two values in the form:

RDW (SD) - an indicator that determines the standard type of deviation from the norm, is determined by femtoliters and indications of the quantitative difference between large and small cells;
RDW (SV) - indicates the existing differences in the volumetric value of the described elements and the established average indicators. It is revealed by the percentage correlation of cells that have succumbed to deformation to the mass of all erythrocytes.

Reasons for the increase

The described coefficient of blood cells is higher than normal with an increase in the percentage correlation between small and enlarged cells, in relation to the described elements having sufficient volume. Due to the so-called redistribution of iron-containing protein, which is the basis of blood cells, their smallest number begins to be synthesized in the body, which subsequently leads to the manifestation of various anemias, to anisocytosis - when the main part of the cells has characteristic differences from each other.

According to the foregoing, the main feature of such bodies is their sufficient size, as well as the period of life. As a result of their death, a decent amount of bilirubin is released, which has a very bad effect on all organs of the human body.

The coefficient that distributes blood cells by volume can be high, since there are:

Lack in the body of such components as iron, folic acid, vitamins belonging to group "B". Such a condition may, not without reason, give a chance for the development of such a disease as anisocytosis, in which there is an increase in this index of elements of the hematopoietic system;
Oncological diseases leading to the formation of red blood cells of various sizes and volumes in the hematopoietic system;
Intoxication with chemical elements in the form of the heaviest metals (which is, for example, lead).

All of the above signs of illness should be stopped when using professional therapy. Otherwise, they will seriously harm the body and lead a person to death.

Reasons for the decrease in the indicator

With RDW - CV below normal, the existing elements of the hematopoietic system are indicated by the same size without any differences in cell volume. With a reduced volume indicator under consideration, most often physicians diagnose a condition in the form of microcytosis, in which the elements present in the blood, indicated by small sizes, cannot fully saturate the tissues of the human body with oxygen.

Also, with a decrease in the indicator, a disease is often encountered, accompanied by the unity of the main elements of blood of small sizes, along with a reduced norm of RDW in the form of thalassemia. Which refers to diseases of a hereditary nature, and manifests itself as a violation of the processes of synthesis of iron-containing protein chains, with reduced activation in relation to oxygen. In light of this, plasma is no longer able to participate in the process of gas exchange in a normal and adequate way, which ultimately leads to a change in the functioning of existing organs in humans.

This disease is also characterized by ongoing changes in the morphological properties of blood cells, with inhibition of their growth and a decrease in activity. The clinic of this disease is due to the deformation of the human cranium, the growth of organs, such as the liver and spleen, as well as the icteric color of the skin.

Also, with a reduced ratio of similar blood cells, a disease called microspherocytosis, which is a hereditary ailment, can develop. When such a disease appears in the hematopoietic system, there is more than a nominal small size, a certain form of erythrocytes, along with a decrease in the RDW coefficient, due to their insufficient vital activity. As a result, intravascular cell death occurs and so-called hemolysis develops.

In such a state, a person feels weakness, anemia, a manifestation of jaundice, characteristic of this state, along with changes in the activity of all organs of the human body.

If any of the above symptoms occur, you should immediately seek help from doctors and, for your own safety, conduct a complete examination of the entire body. Only in this way can one protect oneself, thereby preventing one or another disease that may already have arisen.

RBC distribution width (RDW) is normal (table). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) increased or decreased - what does it mean

The distribution width of erythrocytes or RDW, as this indicator is usually indicated in analyzes, allows you to evaluate not only the number of erythrocytes in the blood, but also the range of their distribution, as well as sizes. From the largest to the smallest and how they differ from each other. As a rule, identical blood cells are approximately equal in volume. And red blood cells are no exception. However, some pathologies violate this balance, and a discrepancy may appear between them, sometimes quite significant. With the RBC Distribution Width Index or RDW, some diseases can be detected at a very early stage when there are no other signs.

Erythrocytes are red blood cells that are the basis of blood. They contain hemoglobin, which is an oxygen transporter throughout the body, maintain the acid-base balance of the blood, remove carbon dioxide from cells and perform other important functions. That is why special attention is paid to red blood cells when analyzing blood - they are studied and compared using several different indices. In particular, the distribution width of erythrocytes is measured using a special hematological device that captures the impulses that transmit erythrocytes. The stronger these impulses, the larger the erythrocytes and vice versa. The measurement result is recorded as a percentage or in femtoliters - fl.

RBC distribution width (RDW) is normal. Result interpretation (table)

The erythrocyte distribution width test is a mandatory component of a clinical blood test. This index is necessary in order to correctly interpret the results of the study and be able to diagnose anemia in time, while at the same time differentiating between them. The distribution width of erythrocytes - RDW - is necessarily compared with their average volume - MCV, since it can often be within the established norm, while the erythrocytes themselves turn out to be too large or, conversely, too small, which in itself indicates the presence of a pathology .

Blood is taken from a vein in adults and from a finger in children. In some cases, a hematological smear is used, but such an analysis often produces incorrect results.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) - the norm in ordinary people and pregnant women:

If the distribution width of red blood cells (RDW) is increased - what does it mean

If the distribution width of erythrocytes exceeds 14.5%, this indicates that the sizes of red blood cells differ significantly from each other. There may be several options here. First of all, as already mentioned, it is also necessary to estimate the value of the average volume of erythrocytes MCV, that is, the size of the average space occupied by each individual erythrocyte. If this indicator is also overestimated, then this may indicate the following pathologies:

liver diseases - this organ is responsible for removing harmful toxins from the body, at the same time it synthesizes important chemical compounds and performs various other functions,
hemolytic anemia - a pathological condition in which red blood cells are destroyed much earlier than their normal lifespan,
deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid.

If the RDW index is increased, and the MCV index is decreased, then the reasons for this phenomenon may be as follows:

iron deficiency anemia - due to iron deficiency, an insufficient amount of hemoglobin is produced in the body,
thalassemia is a blood disease in which the synthesis of elements necessary for the production of hemoglobin is disrupted. At the same time, erythrocytes are fragmented (break up into smaller parts), which leads to a decrease in their average size, while the width of the distribution of erythrocytes remains high.

If the RDW index is elevated, and the MCV remains within the normal range, then this may indicate a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12. Or - about the initial stage of iron deficiency anemia.

An increased level of the width of the distribution of erythrocytes indicates that the life span of erythrocytes is shortened, they are destroyed, excess bilirubin and iron are released into the blood. This overloads the liver and prevents it from performing its main functions, and also leads to an increase in the spleen, which has to work in emergency mode in order to utilize the remnants of destroyed red blood cells. This often leads to damage to the organs closest to it - the intestines and stomach. Due to problems with the liver and spleen, patients with elevated red cell distribution width often have an unhealthy yellowish skin tone.

If the distribution width of red blood cells (RDW) is reduced - what does it mean

If the distribution width of erythrocytes (RDW) is below 10.2%, this indicates that the red blood cells differ slightly from each other in size. There are two main reasons for this phenomenon:

macrocytic anemia is a blood disorder in which there is a shortage of red blood cells. They are synthesized, but their sizes are too large,
microcetic anemia is a blood disorder in which only abnormally small red blood cells are synthesized.

In both cases, red blood cells are almost the same size, which leads to low RDW.

Other reasons why the width of the distribution of red blood cells decreases:

oncological diseases,
myelosis or lymphoma
destruction of red blood cells or their damage and the release of hemoglobin,
deficiency of certain vitamins in the body,
iron deficiency,
massive blood loss.

However, it must be said that such a situation is quite rare and, as a rule, is the result of a laboratory error.

The distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered: what does it mean and what to do? Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

The Red Blood Cell Distribution Index (RDW) is a very important factor during a complete blood count. This indicator shows the size and shape of red blood cells.

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

During a general blood test, the distribution index of erythrocytes is determined. If a specific disease is suspected, a blood test is prescribed to determine only this indicator.

Why is it necessary to do an analysis on RDW?

It has already been said above that the distribution index of erythrocytes in the blood makes it possible to conduct a qualitative assessment of the composition of red blood cells, given their size.

When a large number of red blood cells die, iron is released and there is more bilirubin, which puts an increased burden on the liver, and as a result, it cannot process these substances.

How is it calculated?

At present, laboratories use computer technology that allows you to calculate the percentage of deviation from the established norm. The results of the calculation are presented in the form of a histogram depicting a curve that indicates the likely changes in the size of red blood cells.

Normal performance

For the female half of humanity, the upper limit shifts to 15.5%, because their hormonal levels change too often: during pregnancy, lactation, oral contraceptives, menopause.

Raise RDW

The initial stage of the development of anemia is characterized by normal indices, but hemoglobin will be greatly reduced. This is the result of healthy functioning of the spinal cord.
The next stage of development in the histogram will show an increase in RDW. When there are problems with hemoglobin, indicators such as the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in the blood cell, the average volume of red cells decrease.

In the treatment of IDA, it is necessary to normalize the level of iron-containing protein concentration and its characteristics in human blood.

What do low scores mean?

RDW is low, and MCV is below average - indicates the presence of problems with the spleen and liver.
RDW is lowered, and MCV is higher than the normal level - indicates the presence of oncological pathologies, mainly the development of bone marrow metastases.

stop smoking and drinking alcohol within 24 hours before blood sampling;
before the analysis, do not take any medications;
refuse to eat smoked and salty foods the day before.

Hypochromic microcytic anemia - sometimes also called anemia. A condition in which irregularly shaped red blood cells die because they have no biological value in the body.
Malignant tumors - usually in this case we are talking about mastopathy, bone marrow and lung cancer.
Hemolysis of red blood cells is the process during which red blood cells die before reaching their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

So, the distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered - what does this mean? There are several reasons that can lower the RDW:

Acute blood loss in trauma and pathological bleeding.
Frequent operations.
A metabolic disorder in which the food consumed is not completely digested.
Hormonal failure, which is most common in women.
Deficiency in the body of B vitamins and iron.
Blood diseases characterized by rapid destructive processes.

What measures to take?

What to do when the erythrocyte distribution index is lowered?

Preventive measures

You can prevent a low RDW by following these simple rules:

The diet should be balanced, which includes a lot of fresh fruits, lean meats and vegetables.
It is recommended to breathe fresh air as often as possible.
An active lifestyle will help prevent the RDW index from dropping.
It is very important not to miss scheduled medical examinations, during which serious deviations from the norm are most often detected that do not have external symptoms.

The index is calculated based on the results of a general blood test, but it can only be fully valid in conjunction with the MCV indicator, since they are closely interconnected.

The circulatory system is an important part of the human body. The formed elements of blood circulate throughout the body, supplying nutrients. A specialist in general clinical blood testing can identify diseases of various body systems. The study analyzes the qualitative and quantitative properties of the bloodstream.

RDW in a blood test is a parameter of dimensional heterogeneity (anisocytosis) of red schistocytes by volume. The abbreviation RDW in general clinical analysis stands for Red Cell Distribution Width - the distribution of red blood cells by volume. Thanks to the analysis, the presence of red blood cells is revealed, which differ in shape characteristics and volume. The standard size of red blood cells is 9-10 micrometers in diameter. However, certain diseases change the size of schistocytes.

oxygen carriers

Attention! The average volume of red schistocytes depends on the distribution index of erythrocytes. According to their ratio, disorders of various etiologies are diagnosed.

In a general clinical blood test, two types of RDW are distinguished - RDW-SD, which shows the standard deviation from normal values, and RDW-CV (coefficient of variation), which evaluates the percentage distribution of red blood cells by volume. In women, the indicator is constant, and in men it is variable. This is due to the greater prevalence of cancer and other diseases inherent in the male sex.

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the body. Cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce and stay healthy. Large red schistocytes are a sign of pathological conditions.

What is analysis used for?

The RDW blood test is part of the complete blood count (CBC). Used to diagnose anemia, a condition in which red blood cells cannot carry enough oxygen around the body. The index is used to diagnose:

Thalassemia.
Cancer.
Diabetes.
iron deficiency anemia.
Hepatopathy of the liver.

Thalassemia

What conditions require a blood test for RDW?

The doctor will prescribe a general clinical blood test during a standard routine examination or if there are:

Symptoms of anemia, including weakness, dizziness, pale skin, and hyperhidrosis.
Family history of thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, or other inherited disorder of hemostasis.
Chronic diseases: Crohn's disease, diabetes or HIV.
A diet low in iron and minerals.
Prolonged infection.
Excessive blood loss caused by trauma or invasive intervention.

How is blood drawn?

The health worker will take a sample from a vein using a small needle. The needle is attached to the tube in which the sample is stored. When the tube is full, the needle is removed. Some patients experience a slight burning sensation after the injection, which lasts 5-6 minutes. After the needle is removed, the patient will be given a bandage or piece of gauze to stop the bleeding.

Blood sampling

How to prepare for analysis?

Blood tests do not require special preparation. Before blood sampling, you can not eat 12 hours before the start of the procedure and use psychotropic substances. Exclude fluid intake. The above factors can distort the results of the examination, which will affect the diagnosis by the attending physician.

RDW in a blood test: decoding, variations in the norm and pathology

Important! Deciphering the RDW indicator in a blood test is carried out by a trained health worker or doctor. Do not self-diagnose. These data are provided for general development.

Types of anemia in which the RDW parameter in the complete blood count remains unchanged:

hereditary spherocytosis.
Aplastic anemia.
Some types of hemoglobinopathies.

The range of the norm of distribution of erythrocytes by volume and size:

RDW-SD: 39-46 fl (femtoliters).
RDW-CV: 10.9-15.6 in adults, 15.0-19.1% in children.

RDW-SD is a measurement of the difference in volume between the largest and smallest red blood cells detected.
CV is calculated from the standard deviation as follows: factor. variation (%) = 1 standard deviation of RBC volume/MCVx100%.

There is a direct relationship between RDW and MCV (mean volume of erythrocytes). Together, these two factors are used in the diagnosis of diseases of various etiologies.

Iron-deficiency anemia

Increased RDW

If the value of RFE rises, and the average volume of erythrocytes decreases, then this indicates sickle cell anemia or iron deficiency in the diet. Aplastic anemia, chronic liver disease, chemotherapy, antiviral drugs, or alcohol are all causes of increased MCV. The normal relative width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume in the complete blood count and a decrease in MCV may indicate posthemorrhagic anemia or heterozygous thalassemia. If both indicators are above the norm, then this indicates a deficiency of B vitamins or myelodysplastic syndrome. Immune hemolytic anemia manifests itself in a similar way.

Hypovitaminosis or avitaminosis B12 and B9 causes macrocytic anemia, in which the width of the distribution of red blood cells is increased to a large extent. However, often the RDW in the blood test is elevated with iron deficiency anemia. In a child and in an infant, a deficiency in the diet of vitamins of group B is fraught with the occurrence of chronic anemia.

Hemoglobinopathy C, E - diseases in which the normal structure of the protein globule (hemoglobin) is disturbed. In these conditions, the blood cells are enlarged. Hemoglobin is responsible for the transport of oxides in the body.

Hemoglobinopathy C

The RDW in the blood test is low

If the distribution width of red blood cells by volume is below normal, then this indicates bone marrow carcinoma, but this condition is rare. With abundant blood loss or invasive intervention, the level of this indicator is also lowered. In some women, during menstruation, the hormonal background is disturbed, which can cause a decrease in the width of the distribution of red schistocytes.

Advice! Often the analysis produces a false positive result. This is due to the fact that many enlarged red blood cells, called macrocytes, appear in the blood. To eliminate errors and obtain reliable results, the Price-Jones curve can be used, but this method is not widely used among clinicians.

Detection of anisocytosis of erythrocytes, its treatment and prevention of the disease

The Red Blood Cell Distribution Index (RDW) is a very important factor during a complete blood count. This indicator shows the size and shape of red blood cells.

How is it calculated?

Normal performance

For the female half of humanity, the upper limit shifts to 15.5%, because their hormonal levels change too often: during pregnancy, lactation, oral contraceptives, menopause.

Raise RDW

The initial stage of the development of anemia is characterized by normal indices, but hemoglobin will be greatly reduced. This is the result of healthy functioning of the spinal cord.
The next stage of development in the histogram will show an increase in RDW. When there are problems with hemoglobin, indicators such as the average concentration and content of hemoglobin in the blood cell, the average volume of red cells decrease.

In the treatment of IDA, it is necessary to normalize the level of iron-containing protein concentration and its characteristics in human blood.

What do low scores mean?

RDW is low, and MCV is below average - indicates the presence of problems with the spleen and liver.
RDW is lowered, and MCV is higher than the normal level - indicates the presence of oncological pathologies, mainly the development of bone marrow metastases.

stop smoking and drinking alcohol within 24 hours before blood sampling;
before the analysis, do not take any medications;
refuse to eat smoked and salty foods the day before.

Hypochromic microcytic anemia - sometimes also called anemia. A condition in which irregularly shaped red blood cells die because they have no biological value in the body.
Malignant tumors - usually in this case we are talking about mastopathy, bone marrow and lung cancer.
Hemolysis of red blood cells is the process during which red blood cells die before reaching their target. As a result, active hemoglobin is released.

Causes

So, the distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered - what does this mean? There are several reasons that can lower the RDW:

Acute blood loss in trauma and pathological bleeding.
Frequent operations.
A metabolic disorder in which the food consumed is not completely digested.
Hormonal failure, which is most common in women.
Deficiency in the body of B vitamins and iron.
Blood diseases characterized by rapid destructive processes.

What measures to take?

What to do when the erythrocyte distribution index is lowered?

Preventive measures

You can prevent a low RDW by following these simple rules:

The diet should be balanced, which includes a lot of fresh fruits, lean meats and vegetables.
It is recommended to breathe fresh air as often as possible.
An active lifestyle will help prevent the RDW index from dropping.
It is very important not to miss scheduled medical examinations, during which serious deviations from the norm are most often detected that do not have external symptoms.

The index is calculated based on the results of a general blood test, but it can only be fully valid in conjunction with the MCV indicator, since they are closely interconnected.

What does a blood test for RDW mean. Deciphering and meaning of the RDW indicator in the general blood test

Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

Why is RDW needed?

How is it determined?

What do the results depend on?

Index variations

What do the low values ​​mean?

Causes

How is it manifested?

What to do?

Prevention

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Rdw in the blood test is lowered

What it is

Norm

Deciphering and meaning of the RDW indicator in the general blood test

RDW value

Clinical use

Relationship with MCV

Increased RDW

Normal RDW

What should be a normal RDW

Low RDW

High MCV

Liver disease

Hemolytic anemia

Megaloblastic anemia

Vitamin A deficiency

Low MCV

Decreased hemoglobin level

Intermediate form of thalassemia

Normal MCV

What does a blood test for RDW mean?

What it is

Norm

Why is an analysis ordered?

Relegation and promotion

How to prepare

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The distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered: what does it mean and what to do? Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

Why is it necessary to do an analysis on RDW?

How is it calculated?

Normal performance

Raise RDW

What do low scores mean?

Causes

What measures to take?

Preventive measures

Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

Why is RDW needed?

How is it determined?

What do the results depend on?

Index variations

What do the low values ​​mean?

Causes

How is it manifested?

What to do?

Prevention

The distribution index of erythrocytes is lowered: what does it mean and what to do? Decrease in RDW: pathology and norm

Reduced RDW: norm and pathology

What does RDW mean in a blood test?

Why is it necessary to do an analysis on RDW?

How is it calculated?

Normal performance

Raise RDW

What do low scores mean?

Causes

What measures to take?

Preventive measures

The distribution width of erythrocytes in a blood test

What is the RBC Distribution Width RDW?

When lowered

The width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume is increased

Symptoms of anisocytosis

What do the low values mean?

What do the low values mean?