What types of rhinitis do children have and how to treat them? Carrot and beet juice. Non-infectious causes of the common cold in children

If a runny nose in an infant should be treated immediately after it occurs, because the baby cannot fully eat and sleep due to a stuffy nose, then rhinitis in children older than a year requires accurate diagnosis and a balanced approach.

Runny nose is a disease?

Rhinitis, or runny nose, is an inflammation of the nasal cavities in an acute or chronic form, expressed in a violation of free breathing. The main purpose of the nasal mucosa is to protect the respiratory organs from the penetration of bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic organisms.

Normally, they remain in the mucus of the nasal passages, and then are removed using the ciliated epithelium. If a child has a runny nose, then the protection is weakened by the following factors:

• Hypothermia of the body;
• Irritation by strong odors;
• Dusty or dry air;
• Exposure to cold air.

Having overcome the protective barrier, the virus penetrates the cells of the nasal mucosa, matures and multiplies inside them, and subsequently destroys them. When the bacterial flora joins the contents of the nasal passages, the runny nose moves to the next round of its development.

If it is not possible to quickly get rid of the common cold, it becomes chronic. At the same time, infiltrates appear on the mucosa, it hypertrophies or partially atrophies.

Such an ENT pathology is almost never diagnosed as a separate disease. Most often, chronic or acute rhinitis in children is a symptom of a viral, bacterial infection or allergy.

According to medical statistics, each child of preschool or primary school age suffers from 4 to 9 cases of the common cold per year.

Do not underestimate the possible consequences of protracted rhinitis:

• Slowing down the pace of physical and mental development of the child;
• Decreased academic performance in schoolchildren;
• Sinusitis;
• Pneumonia;
• Bronchial asthma;
• Otitis media.

Diagnosis and treatment of a runny nose in children is carried out by a pediatrician or a pediatric otorhinolaryngologist. For an in-depth examination and specific treatment, it may be necessary to consult an allergist or pulmonologist.

Causes of a runny nose

Most often, rhinitis in children is caused by rhino- and adenoviruses, influenza viruses, streptococci and staphylococci, pathogens of respiratory infections. Rarely, a runny nose can be caused by fungi and bacteria that provoke the appearance of tuberculosis, gonorrhea, as well as chlamydia, mycoplasma.

The main causes of children's runny nose:

• Infection of a child with influenza, adenovirus infection, diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningitis, measles;
• Decrease in the protective function of the nasal mucosa due to tonsillitis, sinusitis, inflammation of the adenoids;
• Side effect of vaccination;
• catarrhal diathesis;
• Exposure to allergens (plant pollen, house dust, animal dander, food);
• Anatomical features (polyps of the nasal cavity, curvature of the nasal septum);
• Disorder of neurovegetative regulation of blood supply to the nasal cavity due to prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drugs;
• Vascular neurosis.

The causes of possible complications of rhinitis are associated with age-related features of the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract. If a one-year-old child has no maxillary sinuses, then in children of early preschool age they are just beginning to form.

At the age of 5-8 years, their size is minimal, the maxillary sinuses reach their optimal size by the age of 16. As a result, improper treatment of rhinitis in children under 7 years of age is complicated by otitis media, and in adolescents by sinusitis.

Classification of rhinitis and its symptoms

If we classify rhinitis in children according to the form of the course, acute and chronic are distinguished. The division of cases of rhinitis according to the course of pathology is seasonal, paroxysmal and permanent.

In an acute form, the pathological process develops rapidly. A burning sensation, itching appears in the nose, the nasal passages are blocked, abundant mucus flows from them.

The child begins to sneeze, tears flow from the eyes, a headache appears. The continuous flow of mucus with a prolonged runny nose leads to irritation of the wings of the nose and the skin of the upper lip.

Since the natural drainage of the nasal cavity is impaired, and the ciliated epithelium does not perform its functions, the bacterial flora actively develops in the nasal passages. This can be judged by the changed color of the mucous secretions - it acquires a yellow-green color, becomes cloudy.

After a few days, acute symptoms subside, the volume of mucus decreases, nasal breathing improves. If it is possible to prevent a runny nose at an early stage, on the 6-7th day the symptoms of rhinitis subside, the acute form ends with recovery.

A cough and a hoarse voice in a child against the background of the above symptoms indicate that the infection has penetrated the pharynx, larynx, trachea, or lower - into the bronchopulmonary region. Such complications are common in weakened children with reduced immunity.

The main types of rhinitis in children - classification by etiology:

Symptoms are less pronounced - nasal breathing is disturbed, alternately one or the other nostril is blocked, mucopurulent discharge is constantly present. When the mucus flows into the nasopharynx, the child snores in his sleep, begins to cough, he may vomit.

Nasal breathing is difficult all the time, there is a headache, impaired hearing, voice and smell. Hypertrophic protracted runny nose in a child of school age leads to increased fatigue and reduced academic performance.

It is diagnosed in younger schoolchildren and adolescents due to impaired regulation of the blood supply to the nasal cavities. Symptoms - copious flow of mucus, frequent sneezing, periodic obstruction of the nasal passages, tachycardia, sweating, headache attacks.

Attacks of vasomotor rhinitis occur after stressful situations, due to temperature changes, sudden changes in the external environment.

Atrophic rhinitis (ozena), or offensive coryza.

Nasal breathing is disturbed, viscous mucus and coarse crusts with an unpleasant odor accumulate in the nose. With atrophy of the bone walls, the nose can be deformed.

It occurs as a reaction to the introduction of an allergen into the body - more often pollen of plants, trees and cereals, less often - house dust and mold fungi. The child often sneezes, itches in the nose, copious nasal discharge appears, sleep and appetite are disturbed.

The pathological process is not limited to the nasal cavity, it captures the maxillary sinuses, so the more accurate name for such a runny nose is rhinosinusitis.

Approximately 40% of all cases of the common cold in children are caused by the action of allergens. Therefore, wondering why a child does not have a runny nose for a long time, it is worth seeking advice from an allergist.

How to treat a child's runny nose?

Since rhinitis is most often a symptom of some kind of pathology, the main attention is paid to the treatment of this disease. With a runny nose caused by a cold, Grippferon in the form of drops or spray has an excellent antiviral and immunomodulatory effect.

The choice of treatment regimen for the common cold depends on the age of the child, on the anatomical features of the respiratory system of preschoolers, younger students and adolescents.

Treatment of the common cold in preschool children (from one to 7 years)

If rhinitis is caused by viruses, the most effective remedy for viral rhinitis for preschool children is expectant management. It is worth being patient and waiting for 4-5 days for the child's immunity to independently suppress the viral infection.

Refusal of drugs in this case will enable the immune system to get stronger and subsequently avoid frequent relapses of rhinitis.

How to make breathing easier with a runny nose in children 1-7 years old:

• Ventilate the child's room more often;
• Maintain stable humidity in it%;
• Do not force-feed the baby if he has no appetite;
• Remove excess mucus;
• Provide your child with plenty of warm fluids.

If after 5 days the symptoms of rhinitis do not subside, drug treatment is applied. At this age, washing the nose with a runny nose should be avoided, since the drug, injected under pressure into the nasal passages, together with the infected mucus, easily penetrates the middle ear and causes otitis media.

For symptomatic treatment, vasoconstrictor baby drops with anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects are used. It is important to remember that drugs of this type are not used for longer than 5 days in order to avoid addiction.

Effective cold drops for children from one to seven years old:

If rhinitis is caused by excessive dryness in the room, rinsing the nose with saline solutions (Aqua Maris, Physiomer) will help ease the child's breathing at night and during the day. It is important to use this children's remedy for a runny nose in the form of a nasal shower - do not wash them, but just irrigate the nose.

Steam inhalations are very effective if a runny nose does not go away for a long time in a child 3-7 years old and older. For inhalations, infusions of medicinal herbs (sage, chamomile, coltsfoot, eucalyptus, licorice) are used.

Popular methods of treating children's rhinitis are widely used, such as instillation into the nose of the following remedies:

• Sea buckthorn, black cumin, rosehip oil;
• Carrot juice with olive oil;
• Beet juice.

When using a folk remedy for acute or chronic rhinitis in children, you should make sure that the baby is not allergic. If a child snores after a runny nose, he develops a cough or sore throat, rubbing with Doctor Mom (from 3 years old) is used, orally Erespal in the form of syrup or tablets.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis begins with the elimination of the allergen, the removal of prohibited foods from the menu, and the termination of contact with animals.

Therapy for this condition includes the use of antihistamines in the form of tablets (Desloratadine, Clarotadine, Fenistil), glucocorticosteroids (Nasonex), Vibrocil drops with antiallergic action.

Treatment of the common cold in children 8-16 years old

How to treat a starting runny nose in a teenager and in a child of primary school age? To remove mucus and to prevent sinusitis in children of this age, the nose is washed with an isotonic solution. For the same purposes, the nasal cavity is irrigated with antiseptics (Protargol) and vasoconstrictors based on oxymetazoline.

For washing the nose, use:

• Salt solution (1 tsp per 1 liter of water);
• Decoctions of medicinal herbs (calendula, St. John's wort, coltsfoot, chamomile), oak bark.

Otherwise, the treatment of rhinitis does not differ from similar therapy in young children.

Uncontrolled treatment of a protracted runny nose in children causes atrophy of nasal tissues, allergies, and drug-induced rhinitis. To prevent relapse, infections should be treated in a timely manner, the child should be hardened, and harmful factors should be excluded.

Good nutrition, gymnastics, the optimal microclimate in the rooms where the children are, will significantly reduce the likelihood of relapse.

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How to quickly cure a runny nose in children

The most common cause of a runny nose is an acute respiratory viral infection that enters the body upon contact with a sick person, after hypothermia. Children begin to suffer from frequent colds when visiting children's groups in kindergartens and schools. Allergic rhinitis is very common in children lately.

It will not be possible to get rid of a runny nose quickly, since in most cases it is caused by a viral infection. There are no drugs against viruses (viruses cannot be killed), well-known antiviral drugs only alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, while the immune system produces protective antibodies, we can only relieve the symptoms of the common cold.

You can start treating a runny nose in a child only if you are sure that there are no complications!

How to treat a runny nose quickly

With a cold, snot is accompanied by other signs of the disease: high fever, intoxication, cough, pain in the muscles and throat, with allergies, lacrimation, itching of the eyes and nose, and sneezing are disturbing. These symptoms interfere with an active lifestyle, reduce the child's appetite, and force them to refuse to attend kindergarten and school.

Therefore, the treatment of the disease should be comprehensive: drink plenty of fluids, eat foods rich in vitamin C (citrus fruits, black currants, bell peppers, cranberries and rose hips), keep the air temperature in the child’s room no higher than 22 degrees (the colder, the better). Constantly moistening the nose with saline drops will help destroy the virus and relieve the symptoms of a runny nose.

How and how to quickly cure a runny nose in a child:

Antiviral

The initial symptoms of a runny nose can be tried to stop with the help of antiviral drugs. Their intake from the first days of the disease alleviates the main symptoms of a cold. The choice of drugs is wide - Viferon (allowed from the first year), Anaferon, Groprinosin, Arbidol, etc. The choice of the most suitable remedy, taking into account other symptoms of the disease and the etiology of the virus, is carried out by your pediatrician.

However, antiviral drugs are not recommended for regular use. They are intended for frequently ill children, if a runny nose begins at the same time as fever and severe intoxication. Rarely ill children do not need to stimulate the immune system, their body itself will cope with a viral infection perfectly.

Remember, no matter how many antiviral pills, antibiotics and other drugs you force the child to take, his runny nose will not end faster than in 5-6 days.

Nasal lavage

The surest thing in the treatment of a runny nose is the removal of snot and washing the nose. Saline solutions are close in composition to physiological ones, they moisturize the nasal mucosa, wash out secretions, and normalize the functioning of epithelial cells. You need to drip them into your nose 4-6 times a day, with heavy secretions you can do it more often, they will not bring harm even to a baby. In babies, snot is removed with an aspirator, and children after 2 years should be taught to blow their nose.

For older children, a solution for washing the nose can be prepared independently by stirring a teaspoon of sea salt without a slide in a liter of boiled water. The child should draw in the solution from one nostril and blow it back out. If the child does not agree to rinse the nose, do not force it - buy a pharmacy saline spray and use it.

When using factory pharmacy sprays - Humer, Quicks, Dolphin, Aquamaris - the nose breathes more freely, abundant liquid discharge does not disturb. Regular irrigation of the nose with saline sprays will allow you to completely abandon vasoconstrictor and antiviral drugs, reduce the frequency of colds and relapses of chronic rhinitis.

Cleansing the nose of snot and washing with isotonic solutions is the main and, one might say, the only treatment for a runny nose in infants.

Onion and garlic

In children over 6 years old, onions and garlic will help get rid of a runny nose. It is necessary to sniff a napkin with chopped garlic, onions, eat 2 cloves of garlic a day. To breathe garlic vapors effectively - you need to place plates with chopped garlic around the house.

If the child attends school, you need to hang a bag of chopped garlic on his chest. Garlic is desirable to change every 3 hours. The method really works!

Antihistamines

The first remedy for allergic rhinitis is to eliminate contact with the allergen, and then take an antihistamine pill. Antihistamines are not used for infectious rhinitis, as they dry out the mucous membrane, which further increases the runny nose and discomfort in the nose.

Warm

For children over 3 years old, hot foot and hand baths will help to quickly relieve the symptoms of a runny nose. You need to soar the limbs for no more than a minute, after which the legs are covered with turpentine and wrapped in a warm blanket.

Vasoconstrictor

Vasoconstrictor drops will not reduce the duration and severity of the disease, but they will effectively and quickly help get rid of a runny nose and congestion. They can be used only with severe congestion and no more than 3 days, because addiction quickly develops to them, the risk of side effects is high, and for children under one year old they are completely unsafe. First, the nose must be cleaned of snot and rinsed with saline.

For children, we recommend using Xylometazoline, Nazol baby or Nazol kids drops. Children under 2 years of age are allowed nasal drops - the spray can provoke an attack of suffocation. Older children need to buy only a spray - it is dosed, it penetrates the walls of the nose better, and less often causes side effects.

Inhalations

Inhalations normalize nasal breathing, relieve swelling. For inhalation in young children, you can use a nebulizer. In the treatment of school-age children, inhalations are widely used over a decoction of chamomile, eucalyptus, sage or over hot water with a few drops of essential oil of coniferous trees, mint or sage oil.

Massage

With a runny nose and nasal congestion, acupuncture massage of pain points effectively manifests itself. You need to massage and press two points along the edges of the bridge of the nose, at the inner corners of the eyebrows and in the pits near the nostrils. Such a massage is very important for children under one year of age, whose drug treatment is unsafe and undesirable.

Carrot and beet juice

Juice safely and effectively helps to overcome both thick and runny nose. Juice should be squeezed daily, used fresh, diluted twice with boiled water before use. Drip instead of drops in the nose.

Children do not have vital situations when they need to get rid of a runny nose urgently, rather, it is a whim of worried parents. All a baby needs with a runny nose is to stay at home for a couple of days, lie down in bed and drink plenty of warm liquids.

If a runny nose is not accompanied by a temperature, or it does not exceed 37.5 degrees, then you should not skip walks on the street. Cool moist air is detrimental to viruses, it will stop the runny nose, you will feel relief, the body will receive the missing amount of oxygen.

What not to do

Procedures that can harm the health of the child:

• Do not heat the area of ​​the nose and sinuses. Heat is contraindicated at elevated temperature, purulent processes.
• Children can be harmed by blowing their nose loudly and for a long time. In children under 5 years of age, there is a risk of loss of consciousness.
• Unnecessarily prescribe antibiotics, antiviral agents.
• Use vasoconstrictor drugs for more than 3 days.
• Drip undiluted juices of medicinal plants into the nose, take medicinal tinctures orally.
• Use one handkerchief throughout the day. Viruses and bacteria come out with secretions, so you need to wipe your nose with disposable, preferably wet, wipes. To avoid maceration on the skin, smear under the nose with dexpanthenol or an anti-irritant baby cream.

When it is impossible to get rid of a runny nose quickly

There are cases of chronic rhinitis, from which it is impossible to get rid of quickly:

• In chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx - chronic pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, adenoids. These diseases need to be eliminated by long-term therapy.
• With polyposis and adenoiditis, with a deviated nasal septum, thickened nasal conchas, only surgical treatment allows getting rid of a runny nose.

When to Call a Doctor

A runny nose is not a terrible disease, and most parents cope with it themselves without medical help. But there are situations when it is extremely undesirable to neglect the examination of a doctor:

1. If the snot does not pass within a week, the temperature rises again, nasal congestion, chills and weakness appear.
2. If the child began to complain of pain in the ears or painless discharge from the ears. Constant colds lead to chronic otitis media and hearing loss in children. Boys are more susceptible to this.
3. If the child is very lethargic, discharge with streaks of blood began to come out of the nose.
4. A child under one year old should be examined by a doctor for any signs of a cold.

When treating your child for a long time with vasoconstrictors, remember that the effects of these drops may take much longer to treat. After all, it takes at least 2-3 years to restore the mucosa after getting used to vasoconstrictors and the development of drug-induced rhinitis. Therefore, treat the disease, use methods for the prevention and destruction of the virus, and only in this case, intoxication and snot will not torment your baby.

• Sinusitis (32)
• Nasal congestion (18)
• Medicines (32)
• Treatment (9)
• Folk remedies (13)
• Runny nose (41)
• Other (18)
• Rhinosinusitis (2)
• Sinusitis (11)
• Snot (26)
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How to cure a severe, prolonged or chronic runny nose in children - medication and folk remedies

Children often get colds, especially during the cold season. At the first sign of nasal congestion, parents wonder how to treat a runny nose in a child so that the disease does not go into a protracted or chronic stage. The modern pharmaceutical market offers a wide range of drugs for the treatment of inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by various factors.

What is a runny nose

Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa. A runny nose rarely manifests itself as an independent disease, more often it is a manifestation of a cold or an allergic disease. There are the following causes of rhinitis:

• bacterial, fungal, viral infections;
• allergic reactions;
• nose injury;
• violation of blood circulation in the respiratory tract;
• irritation of the nasal mucosa with chemicals.

Rhinitis can cause breathing problems, which makes it difficult for children to fall asleep, and problems with smell and taste. There are several varieties of the common cold, which are distinguished depending on the cause and stage of the course:

• acute rhinitis;
• atrophic rhinitis;
• allergic rhinitis;
• chronic rhinitis;
• atopic rhinitis;
• vasomotor rhinitis.

Treatment of the common cold in children

The causes of rhinitis are teething, allergic reactions, hypothermia. The method of therapy depends on the age of the child. Regardless of the cause and degree of development of the disease, it is necessary to provide moist air in the room. If a runny nose occurs against the background of teething, parents should rinse and moisten the child's nasal passage with saline. Children in the first months of life are not able to breathe through their mouths, so nasal congestion should not be overlooked, which leads to swelling of the mucosa.

If allergic rhinitis and sneezing occur, contact with the allergen should be completely excluded, antihistamines should be used. According to the testimony of doctors, it is possible to cleanse the blood of toxins and allergens. Rhinitis that accompanies SARS often requires medical treatment. The answer to the question of how to treat a runny nose in a child should be dealt with by a doctor, self-medication is dangerous to health.

Medical

The speed of recovery depends on the competent selection of medicinal procedures, strict adherence to the recommendations of the doctor. The following groups of drugs are used to treat the common cold:

1. Preparations with local antibacterial action. Used in case of infectious causes of the disease. Antibiotic treatment is effective for sinusitis, purulent and prolonged rhinitis. Not recommended for the treatment of rhinitis in infancy.
2. Homeopathic and immune preparations. They are prescribed to patients with acute respiratory viral infections, help relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and remove nasal congestion.
3. Vasoconstrictor drugs. Used in combination with antihistamines for the treatment of allergic forms of the common cold. Do not apply to children in the first months of life.

For local treatment of rhinitis, it is effective to use ointments, drops, preparations in the form of nasal sprays, solutions for inhalation. Tablets are used for general strengthening of the body and elimination of inflammatory processes. Inhalations and sprays are suitable for the treatment of school-age children. When the child breathes in pairs, breathing becomes easier and the swelling of the mucosa decreases.

Folk remedies

Treatment of rhinitis in children with folk remedies consists in carrying out inhalations, washing the nose, warm drinking. A decoction of birch buds, verbena officinalis, raspberry fruits or thyme flowers is used orally for general strengthening of the body. To relieve inflammation, the juice of medicinal plants is instilled. Pieces of bread, peelings from potatoes with onions, essential oils are used for inhalation. If a runny nose is not accompanied by fever, you can soar your legs, do warming up your feet, the main thing is to add hot water.

How to treat a runny nose in children

How to treat a runny nose in a child depends on the origin of the disease and the age of the patient. Children of the first three years are not recommended to carry out inhalations, use sprays, aerosols and tablets. It is necessary to carefully use vasodilating drops, as they are addictive, can cause spasms of the nasal vessels. The course of treatment should be prescribed by a medical professional.

Allergic

How to cure a runny nose in a child caused by allergies? One of the best remedies is Allergodil. This is a nasal spray with a pronounced antiallergic and decongestant activity. The main advantages of this tool are that the drug is not addictive, provides a quick effect. The main disadvantage of these drops is that azelastine, which is part of it, causes fatigue, nausea, and asthenia.

Catarrhal

Treatment of a runny nose in a child caused by colds is complex, using vasoconstrictor drugs, one of which is Nazivin. The remedy comes in the form of drops, spray. An important advantage is that the drug quickly relieves swelling of the respiratory tract, effectively fights bacterial infections, and removes the symptoms of a cold. The disadvantage of the drug is that with prolonged use, the effectiveness of the drug decreases.

At home, you can make excellent cold drops yourself using fresh Kalanchoe juice, aloe, honey, eucalyptus oil, chamomile infusion and herbal decoctions. Often use cotton swabs with beetroot juice, which help to significantly alleviate the condition. Before treatment, try drops on adults to protect the child from possible negative consequences.

Chronic

Vibrocil nasal spray is used to treat chronic rhinitis. This is a combined drug that has an anti-allergic and vasoconstrictive effect. This tool has a wide range of uses, it treats not only transparent discharge, but also thick mucus that occurs during inflammation of the maxillary sinus. It has no exact analogues, which is a definite plus. The downside to using the remedy is that the course of treatment should not exceed 7 days, long-term treatment can cause drug-induced rhinitis.

Beginning

In the treatment of a beginning runny nose, drops are prescribed that have a complex effect on the body. One such tool is Interferon. The positive point in using the drug is that it can even be used to treat newborns, it strengthens the immune system, kills viruses, prevents them from being absorbed into the blood, and is suitable for the prevention of the common cold. Interferon is an expensive remedy, this is its disadvantage.

Long

If you do not know how to cure a prolonged runny nose in a child, try Pinosol. The composition of the drops includes natural essential oils and vitamin E. The advantage of the drug is that it kills bacteria, completely eliminates microbes, treats sinusitis, and is suitable for treating children from two years of age. The negative point of Pinosol for the treatment of protracted rhinitis is the high probability of allergic reactions in children to the components of the drops.

Frequent

Permanent mucous discharge occurs due to the weakening of the body, therefore, general strengthening drugs, such as Grippferon, are used for treatment. These are anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immune-boosting drops. The advantage of the drug is its composition, this medicine can be used at all stages of pregnancy. The disadvantage is that Grippferon dries the nasal mucosa.

In folk medicine, sea salt solutions are used to moisturize and rinse the nasal cavity. It is necessary to dissolve half a spoonful of salt in a glass of clean water and drip several times a day. A good effect is given by remedies for the common cold, prepared with onion juice or garlic, they can replace antiviral drugs. Such infusions are recommended to be made on the basis of vegetable oils, which will remove severe congestion.

How not to treat a runny nose in young children

Only a doctor can tell how to properly treat a runny nose in children, so do not self-medicate. It is forbidden for small children to wash their nose with herbal formulations; for these purposes, it is better to use saline solutions. Do not bury your nose with breast milk, use the medicine in the form of a spray. Treatment with tourniquets is categorically not suitable for infants, such methods of treatment can cause mechanical damage to the nasopharynx of a little man.

Video

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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treatment of colds

• Respiratory diseases
  • Cold
  • ARVI and ARI
  • Flu
  • Cough
  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchitis
• ENT diseases
  • Runny nose
  • Sinusitis
  • Tonsillitis
  • Sore throat

Runny nose in a child 9 years old than to treat

How to treat a runny nose in a child of 3 years?

The age of three in a child with his admission to kindergarten. Acclimatization in a new place and with a new team is accompanied by colds. Often you can hear the complaints of mothers for a constant cough and runny nose. Moreover, there are times when a child gets sick several times a month. And he suffers from rhinitis most often. How to properly treat it at this age is described further.

Features of treatment

Basically, a runny nose does not require serious treatment, therefore, by observing certain conditions for caring for a baby during the period of illness and using well-known medications and folk remedies, you can successfully eliminate it.

You can alleviate the illness of a child by creating the necessary conditions:

• maintain the air temperature in his room in the range from 18 to 22 0C;
• increase the level of humidity in the room to prevent dryness in the nasal passages;
• before going to bed, the baby pillows should be set in such a way that his head and shoulders are raised. Thanks to this, mucus will not accumulate and wake him up during sleep;
• from the age of two, it is necessary to teach the child to properly clean the nose, warning him to blow his nose alternately, first from one, and then from the second nostril. Clearing two nostrils at the same time can lead to the development of acute otitis media;
• tell the baby that you can not drag the mucus into yourself so that the infection does not get deeper into the nasopharynx;
• change his handkerchiefs more often, so that he wipes his nose with dry handkerchiefs;
• if the baby himself cannot clean the nose, then help him do this with the help of an aspirator or a rubber pear;
• give him plenty of warm water or other drinks to drink. If he does not want to eat, do not force him to do so;
• treat the baby affectionately, play and entertain him so that he is distracted from the disease.

The video tells how to treat a runny nose in a child of 3 years:

Means of therapy

For the treatment of children at the age of three from a cold, pharmacists offer a variety of medicines. And there are also alternative methods of treatment in the form of physiotherapy, inhalation and foot baths.

The clinic may prescribe a course of physiotherapy:

At home, they will be completely replaced by inhalations, which can be carried out in the old fashioned way over a saucepan or with the help of a purchased nebulizer. It must be purchased in accordance with the age of the child and the most common disease. follow the link to read how to choose an inhaler for a child. It is better if two masks are included with him: for children and adults. Then the whole family can use the drug.

Devices for ultraviolet irradiation can be eliminated in 4 procedures. They are also good at quartzing the room.

Inhalations

With the help of special devices, the medicine is sprayed in the form of an aerosol and penetrates deep into the nasopharynx. The duration and the desired treatment regimen is selected according to the instructions. The agent for infusion into the apparatus is prescribed by the doctor based on the diagnosed disease. The nebulizer can be used even by newborns. And children of three years of age will enjoy using it more than drinking other medicines or using nasal drops. Just before you start using it, you need to explain to the child how to use it correctly. Use your example to show your child how to put on a mask. For its use, certain solutions, various formulations are needed.

Effective and affordable for use is 0.9% saline. It can be replaced with highly alkaline water "Borjomi". But before pouring into the device, they must be heated to a temperature of 300C. This tool will help the child get rid of the accumulated crusts in the nose and eliminate the feeling of dryness.

For the treatment of serious diseases accompanied by acute rhinitis, Lazolvan or Ambrobene is prescribed. With the help of them, you can thin the sputum and bring it out. One portion of the drug is diluted with the same amount of saline and poured into the nebulizer. Such therapy should last no more than five days. Children 3 years of age are prescribed 1 ml of the composition at a time. The procedure is repeated twice a day. The link describes in detail what to do with inhalation with a cold with a nebulizer.

Drops

To alleviate a severe runny nose, but vasoconstrictor drugs can not cure it. They, acting on the nasal mucosa, cause vasoconstriction, and after that the edema decreases, due to which air could not freely enter the nasal passages. The mucus becomes less fluid and less irritating to the mucosa. These include:

• Nazivin - contains 0.05 mg of oxymetazoline. Its container has a convenient pipette - a dispenser with which you can accurately dose the medicine. For babies three years old, 1 drop should be instilled into each nostril three times a day. Here you can read the instructions for the use of Nazivin for children.
• Vibrocil. Vibrocil nose drops for children have an anticongestive and antiallergic effect. It is instilled two drops into each nasal passage 4 times a day.
• Otrivin - xylometazoline. Children's drops Otrivin relieves swelling, improves breathing with nasal congestion and paranasal sinuses. It is applied 2 times a day, 2 drops in one nasal passage.

The course of treatment of vasoconstrictor drops should not exceed a week.

So that the mucous membrane does not dry out, moisturizing preparations are used. For the most part, they contain sea water, so they carefully clean the passages of mucus without irritating their walls. Popular are:

• Aqua Maris contains a large amount of minerals and salts. A completely natural product that can be used even for babies. It is applied four times a day at regular intervals, two drops are instilled into one nasal passage. Here you can read more about the use of Aqua Maris nasal drops.
• Salin has a local effect, does not have a bactericidal effect. Most often it is used for complex treatment. Eliminates manifestations of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the nose. Its active substance is sodium chloride. It is used two or three times a day. Buried once in each passage.
• Aqualor contains minerals and natural ingredients. They need to do nosewashes. The minimum amount of use of the drug per day is four times. If this is the initial stage of the disease, then more washings can be done. It can be used for nasal hygiene, so the duration of use is not limited.

Moisturizers can be applied as needed, the indicated dosages may vary depending on the complexity of the disease.

On the video - treatment of a runny nose in a child of 3 years:

Folk methods of treatment

At home, without medication, a runny nose is treated in all possible ways, which are known from grandmothers.

With severe nasal congestion, the juice of a home flower, Kalanchoe, often saves. It is necessary to tear off a leaf from it and squeeze out some juice. Then it must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:2. Dial half a pipette and drip to the baby. When instilled, the child will begin to sneeze intensely, and at the same time, all the accumulated mucus will come out. Just do not instill too much medicine so as not to injure the mucous membranes. It is better to put medicines into the nose little by little, but often.

A runny nose in the initial stage will help eliminate honey. It is necessary to give the child a piece of honeycomb or zabrus to chew. The kid should chew it for at least five minutes. If the onset of rhinitis is missed, then you can drip a mixture of honey and beet juice in a 1: 1 ratio. Each nasal passage is treated three times a day, instilling 1-2 drops.

Inhalations without a nebulizer can be carried out over hot potatoes. This recipe is familiar to everyone since childhood. How to breathe over potatoes with a cold? To carry out the procedure, the root crop must be boiled and let the baby breathe in its vapors, covering the dishes and its head with a dense cloth. This tool can be replaced with ordinary hot water with the addition of essential oils - pine, eucalyptus or fir and breathe in their vapors. The child must carry out all these steam procedures under the supervision of his parents so that he does not burn himself.

For the final decision on the choice of funds, it is still worth asking for help from a pediatrician. Three years is a dangerous age at which any disease can become acute, and sometimes, as a result of improper treatment, become chronic. And to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures, one of which is the hardening of a growing organism. Also read what to do if the child does not get a runny nose. Here you will find the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky, is it possible for a child with a runny nose to walk. You may also be wondering if a runny nose is contagious without a fever.

What to do when a child does not get a runny nose?

A runny nose in a child is a fairly common phenomenon, which often causes a lot of trouble for parents immediately after the birth of their baby. Usually such a process is easily treatable, but sometimes a runny nose does not go away even for a month, which indicates the severity of the disease. On average, the duration of rhinitis is 5-7 days, but with the development of some complications, the inflammatory process can drag on for a long time.

When does a runny nose occur?

If a child does not have a runny nose for a long time, otolaryngologists diagnose chronic rhinitis. In this case, inflammation of the two nasal passages is noted, which is not so easy to cure. However, a prolonged runny nose is not always a symptom of chronic rhinitis, often this symptom indicates the development of influenza, allergies, infectious diseases, respiratory disorders, and adenoiditis. In some cases, nasal discharge occurs against the background of a nasal injury, then the treatment of a runny nose does not bring relief to the patient and does not help to reduce the secret.

As a rule, a prolonged runny nose, which is a consequence of acute rhinitis, occurs in the cold season during epidemics of respiratory viral or colds. When asked by parents why a child does not have a runny nose for a long time, pediatricians, as a rule, point to improper treatment of the disease or its absence at all. It is an erroneous opinion that a runny nose does not pose any danger to the human body, and therefore it will pass on its own. The inflammatory process in the nasopharynx adversely affects other internal organs, especially the bronchi, lungs and heart. Parents should seek emergency medical attention if their children have these symptoms:

• prolonged runny nose, which has been observed for more than 10 days;
• constantly stuffy nose, breathing through the mouth;
• reduction or complete loss of the sense of smell;
• the presence of yellow or green thick discharge from the nose;
• itching in the nose;
• lethargy, feeling tired;
• headache;
• sleep deterioration.

All these symptoms indicate a prolonged runny nose, requiring mandatory treatment. Contacting a specialist will avoid the serious consequences of chronic rhinitis.

In infants, a persistent runny nose, manifested by secretions of clear liquid mucus from the nose, indicates the development of an allergic reaction of the body. If such a phenomenon is observed immediately after the birth of the crumbs, most likely the cause of the common cold was the physiological process occurring in the body of the newborn. In this case, a prolonged runny nose does not require treatment, parents only need to carry out certain activities aimed at caring for the children's nose.

To exclude the recurrence of rhinitis, it is necessary to strengthen children's immunity. The child will benefit from walks in the fresh air, trips to the sea, to the mountains, parents should enrich the baby's diet with wholesome food, giving preference to fresh vegetables and fruits. If necessary, you can drink a multivitamin complex prescribed by a pediatrician. If a runny nose does not go away for a month or more, there are serious reasons for concern, because the inflammatory process can lead to the development of sinusitis or otitis media.

What should be the treatment?

To carry out the correct treatment of a protracted inflammatory process in the nasopharynx, you need to understand the cause of its development. You should be aware that in the treatment of young children, the use of potent drugs that can cause serious complications in the child's body should be avoided.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis

Prolonged allergic rhinitis must be treated by eliminating the allergen. Allergic reactions can be caused by:

• down pillows;
• bedding;
• Pets;
• flowering plants and trees;
• dust;
• Stuffed Toys;
• chemical substances.

It is necessary to remove all objects that provoke a painful state of the body from the child’s room, ventilate the room daily and carry out wet cleaning in it. Almost always, along with a runny nose with allergies, nasal congestion occurs, caused by swelling of the mucous membrane. The most dangerous for the life of the baby is swelling of the larynx, which can also occur against the background of an allergic process in the child's body. To avoid this unpleasant consequence, children are prescribed antihistamines - Claritin, Citrin, Suprastin, Diazolin, Erius and some others.

Treatment of infectious and viral rhinitis

Sometimes a runny nose in a child does not go away for a month if the disease is of a viral or bacterial origin. This process is much more dangerous than allergies, since the infection can spread to other parts of the respiratory system. In case of a viral disease, specialists usually prescribe Interferon, Arbidol, Aflubin, Anaferon to eliminate a runny nose.

If you start treating a runny nose on the 10th day from the moment it appears, when the disease is not yet very advanced, you can use folk methods. Parents should be aware that traditional medicine can be used with absolute certainty that they will not cause an allergic reaction. Rhinitis in children can be cured with the help of such medical procedures:

• inhalation;
• heating of the sinuses;
• warm foot baths;
• rinsing the nose with saline;
• instillation into the nose of essential oils, decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs;
• acupressure.

If a child does not have a runny nose for a long time, despite his treatment, a deep examination of the baby's body should be carried out in order to identify the pathologies that provoked the development of such a process.

How to treat a runny nose in a child who is 9 months old.

Answers:

Rhinitis or runny nose - inflammation of the nasal mucosa. A runny nose can be both an independent ailment and a symptom of many infectious and allergic diseases. The occurrence of a runny nose contributes to hypothermia.

There are several good folk recipes for dealing with a runny nose:

1) Mix 1 tablespoon of fresh carrot juice and 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil (olive or sunflower), which is pre-boiled in a water bath. Add 1-3 drops of garlic juice to the mixture. Prepare the mixture daily. Bury a few drops in each nostril 3-4 times a day.

2) Boiled or fresh beetroot juice to instill into the nose a few drops 4-5 times a day or rinse the nose 2-3 times a day with a decoction of beets. Honey can be added to the decoction. Help cotton swabs soaked in beetroot juice, which are inserted into the nostrils 3-4 times a day.

3) Mix equal parts Kalanchoe juice and honey. Drinking with an infusion of lemon balm or St. John's wort - this perfectly relieves nasal congestion.

4) Bury aloe juice 3-5 drops in each nostril 4-5 times a day, tilting your head back and massaging the wings of the nose when instilled.

5) Mix 2 parts of honey and 1 part of mint oil (sold in pharmacies). Lubricate the nasal mucosa.

6) Mix the onion, mashed into gruel, in a ratio of 1: 1 with honey. Take onion-honey mixture 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The mixture will be more effective if onion juice is used instead of gruel.

7) Grate the beets on a fine grater and squeeze the juice. Leave overnight in a warm place. Slightly fermented juice should be instilled into the nose 3-4 drops 3 times a day.

8) An excellent remedy for a cold is a hot foot bath with the addition of mustard (1 tablespoon of mustard powder per 7-8 liters of water), as well as baking soda and salt.

9) Pour 6 dry tablespoons of burdock herb (sold in pharmacies) 1l. water, boil for 3 minutes. Insist, wrapped, 4 hours and strain. Apply warm to irrigate the nasal cavity with a severe runny nose.

10) Mix in equal proportions Kalanchoe juice and St. John's wort oil (sold in pharmacies). Lubricate the nasal passages with this mixture several times a day. It is good to combine with inhalations of St. John's wort.

11) Pour the grated onion pulp with a glass of hot vegetable oil. Insist, wrapped, 6-8 hours, strain. Use this oil to treat the nasal mucosa with a severe runny nose.

12) Pour 50g. pine buds with cold water, close the lid, bring to a boil and simmer for 10 minutes. Strain. Drink with a bad cold 5-6 times a day with honey or jam.

13) Pour 10g. crushed black poplar buds 1 cup boiling water. Leave for 15 minutes and strain. Drink 0.3 cup 3 times a day.

14) Pour 1 tablespoon of peppermint herb 0.5 l. steep boiling water, insist, wrapped, 1 hour and strain. Take 0.5 cups of hot infusion, sweetened with honey. Also rinse your nose with this infusion.

Evgeny Malyshev

BEHEPA

Protorgol, mother's milk.

rinse with drops of aquamaris and drip protorgol.

Michal Mikhalych

I always argue with my wife about this and I think the main thing is the warmth of the legs. Your life experience from the Army.

iodine mesh on the calf muscles and iodine cross on the heels. roll a warm egg on the bridge of your nose. Helped my daughter right away. Everything is safe.

Elena the Wise

Bury breast milk if available

Vladislav Ozyabkin

Drops up to a year, my wife liked Adrianol drops, maybe chamomile, freshly squeezed beetroot juice, if there is no temperature, you can smear the legs with a warming ointment and put on socks, we did this.

Storyteller!)

They suggested to me here to brew chamomile and instill 2-3 drops, but I have not tried it yet.

anginsan

It can be treated with water infusion of propole. In Tentorium we call it "A-P-V".

How can I treat a runny nose in a child of 6 months?

How to treat a runny nose in a child of 6 months? This question worries many parents. A runny nose is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa. This disease occurs due to viruses or various microbes, hypothermia of the body, dust and gas contamination of the air. The first symptoms include dryness in the nasopharyngeal cavity, as well as a burning sensation. Then there are abundant mucous secretions.

Features of the common cold in children

From the moment a newborn baby appears in the house, parents have a lot of questions, especially when it comes to caring for him. But complete panic occurs in all family members when snot appears in a small baby. How to treat a runny nose in a baby? Parents, remember that the first thing you should do is go to your local doctor. Only he is able to prescribe the correct and qualified treatment.

As soon as you find your baby has a stuffy nose, then you will have to start taking steps to treat a runny nose immediately. This speed is due to the fact that the nasopharynx of a one-year-old child is not fully developed, and rhinitis can lead to great complications in the future. It is worth noting such a moment that a simple runny nose can easily develop into a chronic one, and in the future there will be a complication in the ears. And the child will end up with otitis media.

It happens that a newborn sniffles or has difficulty breathing. This problem may not be due to the fact that he has a runny nose. This rule is especially true for children under one year old, in whom nasal congestion is a physiological phenomenon. To quickly cleanse the nasal passages, it is necessary to carry out daily hygiene care. So do not rush to the pharmacy for drops, but try to clean his nose twice a day.

Young parents should remember that dryness in the nasal mucosa is unacceptable. But a small amount may be present.

Do not be fanatical or go to extremes and be able to discern whether treatment is necessary or not.

We treat a runny nose in a six-month-old baby

How to cure a runny nose? Now medicine does not stand still, and manufacturers are constantly making new remedies for the treatment of the common cold, not only for adults, but also for infants. Just remember that self-treatment of babies at this age is absolutely contraindicated, so contact your local pediatrician for help.

To make the right decision on the use of drugs in the nose for a six-month-old child, it is necessary to take into account all the manifestations of rhinitis in him. If there is an increase in body temperature, then we can safely say that an inflammatory process has begun in the body, and for such a disease it is recommended to adhere to the home regimen and not bathe the child.

Preparations for the treatment of rhinitis in a child

At such an early age, the best remedy is drops, not sprays. You can drip your nose with drugs such as:

Taking the first group of medicinal drops for a baby is undesirable, mostly pediatricians prescribe them only if nasal congestion lasts more than three days. Basically, vasoconstrictor drugs such as Nazol Baby and Nazivin 0.01% are prescribed.

To remove the viscosity and moisturize the nasal mucosa, prescribe drugs based on sea water and saline. Do not forget about drugs such as Interferon and Grippferon, which are prescribed during viral rhinitis.

The most common remedy is "Nazol Baby". This is a special tool that is intended for babies under one year of age. Produced in a convenient bottle, it is recommended to use for children under 6 years of age. His doctors prescribe to patients when there is:

• runny nose due to a virus or bacteria;
• allergy;
• sinusitis and chronic rhinitis;
• acute otitis.

"Nazivin 0.01%" is prescribed during mucosal edema and infectious inflammation of the respiratory system. It should be noted that when an allergic swelling of the nasal mucosa occurs, it is also often remembered.

"Interferon" actively fights viruses and bacteria that attack the child's body during seasonal illnesses.

"Grippferon" is considered an antiviral and immunomodulatory drug, which is prescribed during acute respiratory viral infections and seasonal colds. Even doctors recommend using it as a prophylactic.

Pediatricians prescribe "Aquamaris" to children during acute and chronic rhinitis.

"Aqualor" is usually prescribed to patients who are diagnosed with influenza and acute respiratory infections. The composition of this medicine includes sea water.

Saline is used mainly for the manufacture of medicines for the common cold. Thanks to this tool, you can achieve liquefaction of mucus, and breathing instantly becomes clean.

Salt solution, which is prepared on the basis of sea salt. Thanks to it, you can relieve inflammation, kill the infection, soften dry crusts from the common cold. To prepare this solution, you need to take 1 teaspoon of salt and dilute it in a liter of warm water. Many people recommend using 1 teaspoon per glass of water, but the above ratio is suitable for an adult.

Chamomile is able to kill bacteria inside the nose, relieve inflammation. To do this, you need to prepare a decoction. Pour 1 tablespoon of flowers with a glass of water, boil everything thoroughly and let it brew for half an hour. After that, the decoction can be used to cleanse the nose. Just strain it before using.

Dear caring parents, remember the one and only and most important rule that drops for instillation of a small nose must be at room temperature and can only be used once every three hours.

"Naphthyzin" and "Galazolin" mostly pediatricians do not recommend using for such small children, as they first narrow and then expand the nasal mucosa. Such drugs are prescribed when a child has a strong copious discharge from the nose. If there is simply congestion in the nose without any discharge, then such drugs are strictly forbidden to use, since in the future this will lead to the formation of necrosis and tissue ulcers.

Parents, remember that it is strictly forbidden to use the same drops for more than ten days.

It is recommended to change them periodically. Sprays are not ideal for children under one year of age as the sinuses are small and wide. And if you use a spray, otitis media can form as a result, since the medicine can get into the ear.

Runny nose and fever in a child, how to treat?

In a child, a runny nose is accompanied by a high temperature during the inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa. The nasal cavity has a large number of nerve endings, they are associated with various systemic organs. In case of illness, it can burn strongly in the nose, dryness is observed, the child constantly sneezes, tickles in the throat.

Symptoms of a runny nose with fever

At the beginning of the disease, the child is weakened, constantly lethargic, he is disturbed by a severe headache. After 2 days, a large amount of discharge from the nose appears, they can be transparent, liquid, in severe cases they become green and thick.

The temperature jumps to 38 degrees. The mucous membrane is swollen, breathing is difficult, there are problems with smell, taste. Sometimes lays and makes noise in the ears.

If a runny nose with temperature occurs in a newborn, the mucous membrane swells and narrows, and respiratory function is disturbed. All this leads to the fact that the child cannot fully eat the breast, breathes through the mouth. The child is constantly restless, sleeps poorly, does not eat enough, loses weight. It is dangerous when a child begins to choke in a dream.

Causes of a runny nose with fever

A runny nose in a child can be infectious and non-infectious. The latter occurs when a bead enters the nasal passage. Most often, a runny nose is infectious, occurs due to SARS, influenza. Viruses disrupt the condition of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. They are permeable. A bacterial infection can join, then the temperature rises to 39 degrees.

Rhinitis is typical for the autumn-winter period, when the child is supercooled. Hypothermia of the feet is dangerous.

In some situations, a child with a runny nose with a temperature is provoked by an allergic reaction to smoke, dust, flavorings. The mucous membrane of the nose can be infected, an inflammatory process develops.

Stages of development of a runny nose in a child

• The symptom begins to develop rapidly. Runny nose is observed for a maximum of 1 day. When the vessels narrow, the mucous membrane turns pale, a gesture in the nose, dryness is observed, the person constantly sneezes.
• The catarrhal stage, in which the vessels dilate, the nasal mucosa turns red and swells. The person has difficulty breathing. With a viral infection, the discharge is clear, copious, and watery. There are problems with the sense of smell, lacrimation increases, ears are blocked, nasality appears in the voice. The mucous membrane is bright red.
• At this stage, the discharge becomes yellow, green, thick. The mucous membrane of the nose becomes normal, the nasal passages may expand. The disease disappears after a week. If the immune system is strong, the child recovers after 2 days. When the defenses are weakened, rhinitis drags on for a month, can become chronic, leading to severe complications.

The danger of a runny nose with fever for a child

Prolonged runny nose in a child can lead to pathological formation of the skeleton of the face, chest, oxygen metabolism is disturbed. As a result, there are problems with the heart, blood vessels. The child lags behind in development, quickly gets tired, he has problems with sleep.

Also, a runny nose affects memory. The child cannot concentrate, is constantly absent-minded. Chronic rhinitis is dangerous because it can lead to an allergic disease. The inflammatory process in the nose with temperature can exacerbate kidney disease, bronchial asthma.

Diagnosis of a runny nose in a child

It is important to comprehensively examine the child in time in order to prescribe treatment. Contact an ENT doctor. If a runny nose occurs in a newborn, you should immediately call a therapist. First, the doctor interrogates the mother, then, using a special tool, the nasal mucosa is examined. Be sure the child needs to be seated straight, so the middle nasal concha will be clearly visible. The specialist carefully examines the outer part of the nose, feels it.

Additionally, the attending physician prescribes a general blood test, x-ray of the maxillary sinuses, chest. Allergic, immunological examination is necessary. To reduce the runny nose, the child is taught to blow his nose. It is recommended to use sea water for washing - Salin, Aquamaris, Physiomer. A decoction of herbs of sage, chamomile, St. John's wort is especially useful. Medicines will soften the crusts, improve the separation of mucus. Also, if the child is not allergic, it is advised to use almond, peach, olive oil.

It is advised to ventilate the room as often as possible, the air should be constantly humidified in it. If the child refuses to eat, it is not necessary to force-feed him. When a newborn does not want to breastfeed, express milk and give it to the baby to drink, you can do it with a spoon. Constantly remove mucus that has accumulated in the nasal passages.

To relieve the symptoms of a runny nose in a child under one year old, vasoconstrictor drops will help - Vibrocil, Brizolin, Otrivin, Nazivin. Infants can drip nose with nasal drops. In the event that a bacterial infection joins, it is necessary to use antibacterial drugs - Isofra spray, Bioparox aerosol, Bactroban ointment. It is advised to use homeopathic medicines - Euphorbium. It is best to instill pre-warmed drops into the nose by dipping them in warm water.

Acupressure will help strengthen the immune system, it must be performed twice a day. Please note that temperatures below 38.5 degrees do not need to be brought down. For preventive purposes, perform a set of breathing exercises.

Older children, if there is no temperature, are advised to take foot baths using mustard powder. Feet are reflexogenic zones, they contain a large number of nerves. Inhalations will help get rid of a runny nose, for them it is advised to use baking soda, mineral water, essential oils, herbal decoctions.

Thus, a runny nose with a temperature in a child should not be started, it must be treated on time to avoid serious consequences.

Children, due to the relative weakness of their immunity, often suffer from a runny nose. Rhinitis can be called one of the most common childhood ailments. Sometimes the disease has obvious causes, sometimes the nose “lays” in a child who looks completely healthy, and there are no other complaints besides nasal breathing. Be that as it may, parents want to help the baby as soon as possible. It is not always possible to see a doctor, because clinics do not work on weekends and holidays. And calling an ambulance with complaints of a runny nose is not accepted.

Prescribing medication to a child on your own is an unsafe and risky business, especially when it comes to a little peanut. Parents can come to the aid of folk remedies that help get rid of a runny nose pretty quickly.

Why does a runny nose appear

Runny nose (rhinitis) is difficult to consider an independent disease, it is usually a manifestation of a variety of disorders in the body. The nose stops breathing partially or completely with inflammation of the mucous membranes of this organ. Most often, this is a consequence of opposition to pathogens and viruses.

As you know, viruses enter the body mainly through the respiratory system. The nose is the first line of defense, most often invader viruses manage to go further - into the nasopharynx, into the larynx. Inflammation of the mucosa in this case is an attempt by the body not to let the harmful agent pass further.

The release of Dr. Komarovsky's program on the causes and methods of treating children's rhinitis can be viewed in the next video.

But by airborne droplets, the same influenza virus is inhaled by several people at once. But not everyone gets sick. Whether a runny nose starts or not depends not only on the state of the baby's immunity. The development of rhinitis is greatly facilitated by various factors, such as dusty or gassed air, hypothermia.

There is another type of rhinitis - non-infectious. This includes nasal congestion with allergies (allergic rhinitis) and vasomotor rhinitis (associated with impaired processes in the autonomic nervous system). They arise somewhat differently, as a result of narrowing of the lumen of the vessels in response to an antigen or vascular nervous pathology.

Acute rhinitis - occurs as a reaction to a virus (less often - to bacteria). With it, the swelling of the mucous membranes is quite strong, and it affects both halves of the nose. With it, the child may experience increased lacrimation, redness of the wings of the nose and the release of liquid mucus, people say "flows from the nose."

If such a runny nose is treated incorrectly or not treated at all, after 3-4 weeks the process will become chronic. With it, the nose will remain stuffy for a long time, the child's sense of smell will noticeably decrease, the discharge from the liquid will turn into thick, sometimes purulent, the mucous membrane will sometimes dry out, and crusts will form in the nasal passages.

Nasal breathing disorders in children occur with various diseases:

• SARS and influenza.
• Scarlet fever.
• Measles.
• Allergy.
• Vegetovascular dystonia.
• Growth of the palatine tonsil (adenoids).
• Other diseases.

A runny nose in a child can be mild, and may be accompanied by fever, loss of appetite, headaches and severe general weakness. It is impossible to predict which symptoms will accompany rhinitis, everything is purely individual.

When folk methods are not enough?

A runny nose in itself does not pose a danger to a child. But its consequences can be quite serious. These are sinusitis, sinusitis, meningitis, inflammatory processes in the inner ear, and as a result - complete or partial hearing loss, encephalitis and a number of other unpleasant diagnoses. Therefore, there are some indications for immediate medical attention for rhinitis:

• If the discharge from the nose of a child has a gray-green or green color and a very unpleasant odor. This may indicate a severe bacterial infection. This condition requires the prompt administration of antibiotics.
• If, in addition to a runny nose, the child has pain in the frontal region, under the eyes, in the region of the paranasal sinuses. This may be a symptom of sinusitis, inflammation of the hearing organs. The child in this situation does not need onion drops in the nose, but serious therapy with the use of antimicrobials, hormonal and anti-inflammatory drugs.
• If, after a head injury or a fall, the child has a stuffy nose and a liquid transparent discharge appears, you should urgently take him to the hospital! Such symptoms may indicate a violation in the activity of the brain, such a condition requires an early examination and hospitalization.
• If in the discharge of mucus with a runny nose in a child, impurities of blood are noticeable, ichor or clots. This may indicate the traumatic nature of rhinitis, a foreign body in the respiratory organs, it is required to examine the baby as soon as possible.

Effective folk remedies

In most cases of acute infectious rhinitis, a child can be quite effectively helped with the use of alternative medicine.

Fresh vegetable juices

The most popular way to quickly relieve nasal congestion is to drip onion juice on your child. To do this, rub the onion on a fine grater, squeeze the gruel with a piece of gauze, dilute the resulting juice in half with saline or boiled water. You can drip an onion preparation from 2 to 6 times a day.

Such a recipe is not suitable for children who are not yet 2 years old, since onion juice, even diluted, acts quite aggressively and can cause burns to the delicate mucous membrane of babies. For children over 5-6 years old, you can add a little honey to the onion drops, this will have an additional anti-inflammatory effect.

Children under 2 years old can carefully drip beetroot or carrot juice into the nose. To do this, using a juicer or a fine grater and a piece of gauze, you need to squeeze the juice, dilute it with boiled water in half and drip the baby 1-2 drops into each nasal passage up to 5 times a day. When instilled, babies can choke, it is better for them to put small cotton turundas soaked in beetroot juice in both nasal passages.

Oil blends

A good effect with a runny nose is given by drugs that will gently act on the nasal passages. These include mixtures that include oil - sunflower, linseed, vaseline.

A popular recipe is based on mixing finely chopped 2-3 cloves of garlic with 30 ml of sunflower oil. It is necessary to insist the drug for at least 10-12 hours, then strain and drip into the child's nose 1-2 drops 3 times a day. This prescription should not be used to treat rhinitis in children under 6-7 years of age.

Another effective way to relieve nasal congestion is based on sea buckthorn oil mixed with calendula juice. This recipe can be used even by young children who are not yet 3 years old. The ingredients are mixed in half. The resulting oil mixture does not need to be dripped into the nose, it is enough to moisten cotton swabs in it, which are placed in the nasal passages for half an hour. The procedure is repeated 3 times a day.

Children over five years old can drip into the nose a mixture of two oils - thyme and olive. Proportions -1:1. You need to drip 2 times a day, 2-3 drops in each nostril.

Plants

Among indoor plants that can quickly cope with a runny nose, the leader is aloe. The juice of this plant has an antimicrobial effect, softens the mucous membrane, relieves swelling. To prepare drops, you need to cut one fleshy leaf of aloe, squeeze the juice out of it. Mix the resulting liquid with a drop of honey and drip into the child's nose once a day, preferably at bedtime.

St. John's wort will come to the aid of a child who has overcome a runny nose. Dry collection of this medicinal plant (1 teaspoon) should be mixed with a glass of boiled water and boiled in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain through several layers of gauze. The liquid is instilled into the nose of a child from two years of age and older no more than 4 times a day.

warming up

Freshly cooked millet porridge should be cooled to a warm state, formed into small balls, put in a cloth and applied to the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses. In some recipes, instead of porridge, a boiled chicken egg is found. They gently “roll out” the area of ​​the nose, sinuses, forehead above the bridge of the nose.

Inhalations

Inhalation of vapors of medicinal herbs and essential oils allows you to quickly cope with a runny nose. The most effective procedures are based on pine and eucalyptus oils, fir oil. Sage, chamomile, calendula are excellent as raw materials for inhalation. Inhalation can be carried out over a container with a hot decoction of herbs, where a few drops of oil are added. But it is better if you have a special device for such purposes at home - an inhaler or a nebulizer. So it will be possible not to be afraid that the child, with a strong breath, will get burns of the mucous membranes of the respiratory system with steam.

rinses

To rinse the nose with a runny nose, you can use ordinary salt. To do this, a tablespoon of salt should be dissolved in a half-liter container with boiled water. Salt solution should rinse the nasal passages several times a day, this allows you to remove swelling and restore nasal breathing.

The danger of self-medication

Parents, even very attentive ones, carried away by preparing nose drops from vegetables and fruits, may not notice important clinical manifestations when the nature of the common cold begins to change. Thus, they may not notice the transition to a new stage in time, which will then affect the timing of the treatment of a runny nose in a child, because doctors will have to treat severe complications of ordinary rhinitis using quite traditional methods.

Often, a mother stubbornly treats a runny nose in a child, but there is no reaction to any drugs.

The fact is that diagnosing allergic rhinitis at home is quite difficult on its own. And vegetable juices in the nose will only increase the swelling of the respiratory organs, as they also contain allergens. What can we say about drops with honey!

What not to do

• It is impossible to carry out any warming up with purulent discharge from the nose and suspicion of sinusitis. Heat in this situation can exacerbate the problem, the inflammation will only increase. Also, warming up is categorically contraindicated at elevated body temperature.
• You can not blindly trust all the recipes for the common cold published on the Internet by “knowledgeable” people. So, mothers who advise others from rhinitis to wash their children's noses from the inside with laundry soap risk the health of their child. Laundry soap, getting on the inflamed mucous membranes, irritates them and provokes the further spread of the infection.
• The positive effect of laundry soap, which they write about, can be explained with a stretch by the same irritating effect. From the soap, the baby begins to sneeze, during this reflex, the mucus leaves faster. However, then congestion will certainly return, and the runny nose can become even stronger.
• When laying turundas and cotton balls with medicine in the child's nose, they should not be made too small, so that the baby does not accidentally inhale them.

• Before instillation of any means into the nose, the mucous membrane should be prepared, by pre-rinsing. Only then can you drip the prepared drug, both medicinal and folk.
• If the child often suffers from a runny nose, you need to pay attention to the condition of the air in the apartment, Where does he live. Perhaps it is too dry, with it the mucous membrane inside the nose dries up and inflammation begins. Ventilate the house more often, do wet cleaning, humidify the air. To do this, you can buy a humidifier or regularly hang wet towels on the batteries. The best indicators for children's health are as follows: air temperature is about 19 degrees, humidity is about 60%.
• When treating a runny nose in a child, you need to provide him with a plentiful warm drink. This is necessary so that the mucous membranes of the nose, already inflamed, dry out less.
• A runny nose in a child is not a reason for refusing to walk. In any weather, even in the rain (under an umbrella), you can take small walks outside, as fresh air is very important for restoring breathing through the nose.
• Do not restrict the child in movement. If he wants, let him run and jump, active movements improve the blood supply to the body, including the nasal mucosa.
• In the treatment of allergic rhinitis, folk remedies are undesirable, almost all of them can also be allergens. It is important to eliminate the main antigen, for this it is better to go to the hospital, where they will make a special test (a swab from the nose).
• Do not treat folk remedies and vasomotor rhinitis, since its causes lie in vascular nervous disorders, it will be better if, with this form of rhinitis, the child receives therapy under the supervision of a doctor.

Before you start treating your baby for a runny nose with folk remedies, especially if he is not yet 1 year old, consult a doctor, because even seemingly harmless herbal preparations prepared by you yourself can harm the child.

How to treat a runny nose in a child who appeared suddenly? Precisely suddenly: in the morning he was active and lively, and closer to dinner he sniffed..

Now, in the evening, when more than one handkerchief has already been filled with known contents, both young, "beginners" and experienced parents need to resolve several issues that will determine how serious the situation is and how to proceed.

Often, the disease can last a month, or even more, until the parents finally pay attention to this and take urgent measures.

If you do not think, but immediately begin treatment according to a well-known scheme - vasoconstrictor drugs, then instead of a quick cure you can get, for example, “naphthyzinic” dependence, which can deprive the baby of the joy of free breathing for whole years.
So, preferably already in the first hour after the first signs of snot appear, parents should give themselves an answer (or try) to many questions, and we hope that this article will help you make the right decision and cope with the disease in a timely manner.

Terminology. What is a "runny nose" anyway?

A condition in which there is excessive secretion of nasal mucus is called "rhinitis". And the usual "snot" is scientifically called "rhinorrhea", that is, literally "nasal flow".

In medical clinical terminology, the suffix "-itis" means inflammation.

Of course, there is a big difference between appendicitis and rhinitis: no one will remove the nose. This word simply refers to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal concha and the nasal passages existing between them.

Inflammation can be expressed to varying degrees: with a real inflammatory process, with the addition of a bacterial infection, the mucous membrane may look tense, edematous, even cyanotic, for example, with meningococcal nasopharyngitis.

In the case of allergic rhinitis, the mucous membrane may be of a normal color, only slightly hyperemic, but at the same time there will be a discharge of a significant amount of mucus that has a transparent appearance.

It is known that the nasal mucosa is able to respond to any irritation, infection in one - the only protective way - mucus production.

In the event that, along with the expiration from the nose, there is a sore throat, for example, when swallowing, then they speak of nasopharyngitis, that is, damage to both the nasal mucosa and the pharyngeal wall.

Immediately you need to decide what is forbidden for parents of especially young children to do:

Apply from the very beginning without a doctor's prescription nose drops containing antibiotics. This is strictly prohibited for a number of reasons:

• the antibiotic acts on bacteria, but does not act on viruses, which are the cause in the vast majority of cases;
• it is recommended to prescribe antibiotics only after receiving the results of bacterial cultures of nasal discharge on nutrient media;
• when they are instilled into the nasal passages, swallowing them is inevitable, and intestinal dysbacteriosis may develop due to the death of normal microflora, followed by the development of diarrhea, bloating and pain in the abdomen. with mature focus.

Immediately begin the treatment of a cold with vasoconstrictor drugs. Especially rude ones like Naphthyzin», « Galazolin". First of all, they dry the mucous membrane, cause vascular spasm.

And if the symptoms disappear for a few hours, then this does not mean anything: rehabilitation treatment after the abuse of such drugs can be quite long.

It must be remembered that the discharge of mucus in case of a cold is a defense, and should not be hindered.

It is possible to use vasopressor intranasal agents as the main ones only in case of allergic aseptic edema of the mucous membrane, as an element of pathogenetic therapy that affects the development of the process.

Use a rubber douche to flush out the nasal passages. Especially in toddlers. The force of pressure may well cause injury to the tympanic membrane, and the ingress of fluid into the structures of the middle ear can cause reactive otitis media. to content? The main causes of a runny nose in children

Do not think that the only reason and source is a banal cold. The reasons may be different, but infections still lead in frequency of occurrence in all age groups.

Viral rhinitis

The most common

cause of a runny nose

not only in children, but also in adults. Oddly enough, viruses that have an affinity for mucous membranes cause it. It is there that they attach to cells and primary reproduction.

In the event that the protective barrier is strong, then antiviral immunity quickly copes with pathogens, and such an ailment quickly passes on its own.

It is about him that it is said that "an untreated runny nose passes in a week, and a treated one - in seven days."

By this it is understood that the laws of the development of a viral infection and methods of dealing with it in the body go through certain stages, which can be helped, but cannot be accelerated.

Most often, such an event as nasal congestion and runny nose is preceded by hypothermia: general or local (wet feet, an extra serving of ice cream).

bacterial rhinitis. In most cases, it is the result of a viral process with a weakened immune system. It occurs in weakened, often ill children, but may appear as a complication against the background of normal immunity, in case of a particular contagiousness of the pathogen.

As a result, bacterial inflammation develops on the weakened mucosa, which is manifested by mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages. Common signs of intoxication often develop: fever, malaise;

allergic rhinitis

Revealing it is easy enough.

with recurring episodes, when it is clear which allergen caused it. And when such a reaction occurs for the first time, its reliable "markers" are the abundance of clear, watery discharge and other signs of an allergic reaction: conjunctivitis, Quincke's edema, urticaria, pruritus.

In more severe cases, bronchospasm can develop, in which it is difficult to exhale rather than inhale.

Finally, in some cases, laryngeal edema may progress, which may require urgent surgical intervention to avoid death from suffocation.

Finally, the most severe allergic manifestation is fulminant anaphylactic shock.

As a rule, this type of rhinitis has a pronounced relationship with both respiratory (plant pollen, fish food, house dust) and food allergens (strawberries, chocolate, shrimp, eggs, citrus fruits). Sometimes such allergic rhinitis develops when caring for animals.

Medicinal, "ricochet" runny nose. It is the result of too aggressive treatment, in which vasoconstrictor drugs were used without proper control.

It must be understood that the speed of action and effectiveness of adrenomimetics does not mean at all that these drugs should form the basis of the therapeutic arsenal of parents.

This is similar to how large-caliber heavy artillery should become the basis of an offensive operation.

A quick effect will be achieved, but at the cost of a scorched desert. This form of the disease is often transient to chronic.

Congenital defects of the facial skull and ENT organs. They appear with serious violations in the first days after birth, with moderate ones, they can manifest themselves with ordinary rhinitis. It is based on difficulty in nasal breathing.

Most often this is due to congenital

deviated septum

And because of inexperience, parents often mistake difficulty breathing for a runny nose, despite the fact that there are practically no “snots”.

Vasomotor rhinitis. A type of rhinitis associated with a violation of vascular tone in the area of ​​​​the turbinates and passages. The spasm of the efferent veins results in mucosal edema and rhinorrhea.

An important factor is the recurrence of attacks without regard to both hypothermia and the action of allergens.

It's important to know

Most often, a provocation is any action or phenomenon: excitement, pressure increase, weather change. May accompany symptoms of vegetovascular dystonia.

In addition, other causes may be the culprits of the disease: the presence of polyps, adenoid growths, the ingress of foreign objects into the upper respiratory tract.

Sometimes the disease state may be due to the presence of a chronic congenital disease, such as cystic fibrosis or sarcoidosis. Therefore, in any case, for an accurate diagnosis, you need to consult a doctor.

Despite the fact that it is difficult to come up with, as it seems, a more "trifle" disease, it is fraught with serious complications and dangers. We list the most common ones:

• the gradual spread of infection into the bronchi and lungs due to the flow of infected mucus down;
• blockage of the Eustachian (auditory) tube with thick mucus with the development of inflammation in the joint (reactive otitis media);
• the development of sinusitis (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, ethmotiditis) - with the involvement of the sinuses of the skull (respectively, the maxillary, frontal and ethmoidal labyrinth);
• in infants who must feed by sucking, nasal congestion makes it impossible to breathe fully while eating. Therefore, they may be malnourished, lose weight, choke on milk or formula. and it can even go as far as aspiration pneumonia.

We will not consider here the manifestations of intoxication of the whole organism (temperature, malaise, lethargy), since they are well known to everyone and will focus only on local ones:

• nasal congestion. It is checked very easily: one nostril is clamped and one breathes “at half strength”. It turns out without tension - there is no symptom;
• rhinorrhea, or nasal discharge. They are serous, serous - purulent. Purely purulent discharge from the nasal passages does not happen, but when puncturing the maxillary sinus, you can sometimes get pus;
• sneezing. It is known to everyone that its purpose is to release the airway with the help of a reflex evoked push of air. The air speed during coughing and sneezing can reach 100 km / h or more. Sneezing is usually preceded by rich and varied sensations: burning, scratching, pleasant tickling.
• with atrophy of the mucous membrane (atrophic rhinitis), instead of rhinorrhea, scanty dry crusts form;
• since the secretion of mucus and tears have much in common, lacrimation can sometimes occur with a cold. Sometimes it occurs on one side, with sensations preceding sneezing;
• hyposmia or anosmia - the inability to distinguish odors. This feeling is also familiar to everyone firsthand.

There are other discharges from the nasal passages: for example, with a fracture of the base of the skull and ruptures of the dura mater, in rare cases, cerebrospinal cerebrospinal fluid may leak from the nose and ears.

Sometimes there may be a runny nose in a child with blood.

This symptom may indicate fragility of the blood vessels, which are damaged when sneezing or wiping the nose.

Sometimes blood can drip from the nose, that is, nosebleeds occur. There is even a special area from which almost all nosebleeds originate - Kisselbach zone.

You should not be afraid of this symptom, you need to put the child, throw back your head and put cold in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe nose, but not more than five minutes, so as not to catch a cold in the maxillary sinuses.

You can twist turunda from soft paper (napkins, toilet paper) and insert it into the nostril so as not to stain clothes with blood.

Sometimes nosebleeds can occur simply because a child who doesn't cut their nails just "picks" their nose.

to content? The child starts a runny nose: what to do?

The stages of the disease, like any developing process, are clearly defined in time. They are most pronounced in a typical case, when the beginning runny nose develops due to hypothermia:

The reflex stage, which is the shortest and lasts a matter of hours. It is at this stage that due to hypothermia, primary edema is formed, without the influence of pathogens. Light unpleasant impressions are possible: soreness (dryness and perspiration) in the nose, worsening of breathing;

Stage of viral rhinorrhea. It lasts several days, is associated with the direct influence of viruses. It is at this time that the child can be contagious to others. Of course, it is desirable that he be in a mask;

The third stage most often marks the beginning of recovery - symptoms decrease in the reverse order of appearance. But sometimes the depleted mucosa cannot protect itself, and then microbes “land” on it, after viral inflammation first occurred.

Therefore, the answer to the question “how long does a runny nose last in a child” implies, at a minimum, two options. The first - about a week with strong immunity and the second - for an arbitrarily long time - with a weak level of immune protection, since it passes into the chronic stage.

The frequency of the disease also affects the rate of recovery. If you are concerned about frequent snot in a child, then this may simply be the course of chronic rhinitis with long periods of relatively pronounced remission.

To do this, you need to follow a soft, physiological approach, and in no case do harm with your activities.

The dangers of prescribing coarse vasoconstrictor drugs at the very beginning of treatment and antibiotics have already been mentioned.

Therefore, it is possible to provide a general scheme, according to which it is necessary to act from the onset of the disease until the “critical point” is reached, which occurs approximately on the 4th or 5th day from the onset of the disease.

It is during this period that it will be clear whether your treatment has reached the goal, or whether you need to call a doctor and connect stronger drugs to the treatment.

Principles of correct and reasonable treatment

If you look at the instructions for children's drugs for intranasal administration (numerous sprays, metered drops), you will notice that the approach to treating an infant at the age of 8-9 months will differ in both approach and dosage of drugs from the principles of treating children, say , preschool age - at 5 or 6 years.

carry out the toilet of the nasal passages at the first appearance of rhinorrhea and difficulty breathing, especially in infants before feeding. This is very important for good nutrition. For the toilet, you need to use turundas made of soft fabric or gauze, which are moistened with a solution of baking soda at the rate of 1 tsp. in a glass of warm water;

then, to create immune protection, babies are dripped into each nostril with a drop of mother's milk containing secretory immunoglobulins that protect the baby from microbes and viruses;

if there is no breast milk, you can drip drugs that enhance immunity, or just warm olive or linseed oil;

it is necessary to ensure the constant discharge of mucus, which contains many viral particles. To do this, it must be sufficiently liquid and must not dry out.

Therefore, the child should receive a sufficient amount of liquid inside: the mucous membranes should not dry out. If, however, nasal breathing is impossible due to crusts and stuffy nose, then breathing through the mouth causes a significant loss of moisture through the lungs;

instillation of saline or drops of sea water is the next means of combating dryness of the nasal mucosa. You can use oil solutions of fat-soluble vitamins: A and E, even in children 1 year old and earlier.

Their harmlessness allows you to drip as often as you like, especially if there is no ionizer and air humidifier at home: this compensates for dryness, which is very high especially in city apartments in winter, when water heating radiators are very hot.

The article does not aim to give a comparative overview of all available drugs, so we will limit ourselves to highlighting one or two of the most effective and popular drugs in each group that can be used:

Vasoconstrictor drops

Shown as the main remedy for allergic rhinitis, together with antihistamines:

• "Nazol Baby" and "Nazol Kids Spray" for children from birth and from the age of 6 years;
• "Nazivin" is a remedy that lasts about 12 hours (long-acting).

Antihistamines

• "Fenistil", "Allergodil". These drops are indicated for admission even in babies aged 1 to 2 months;
• "Tizin Allergy". It is used in children older than 5 - 6 years, can also be successfully used by adults;
• "Zirtek" in the form of an intranasal spray relieves swelling and allergic rhinorrhea well, without causing side effects;

Miramistin with a cold in children

On the Internet you can find information that Miramistin can be used as a remedy for a child's cold. The thing is that this is not entirely true: if this drug can be used after unprotected intercourse, then this does not mean at all that it can be poured anywhere.

The following are arguments that refute the effectiveness of this remedy in almost all cases with children's (and adult rhinitis):

• in a market era, the manufacturer would certainly have released Miramistin spray for intranasal use, however, the manufacturing company does not do this;
• the drug is intended to protect the mucosa and destroy bacteria on its entire surface, therefore, with ordinary viral rhinitis, the drug useless. It is effective against hepatitis viruses, HIV, but not adenoviruses;
• with a bacterial complication and serous-purulent discharge, Miramistin will also be ineffective, since it is first desirable to determine the pathogen.

And, although the instructions have indications for the treatment of the oral cavity, and in otolaryngology it is indicated for irrigation of the pharynx and ear, but the drug is not indicated for instillation into the nose according to the instructions.

In addition, Miramistin contributes to the formation of a dry scab in the wound, and for the nasal mucosa, this is extremely harmful, since the pathogen remains in these dried crusts.

Antibiotics for a cold in a child

The use of antibacterial drugs and the precautions associated with them have already been discussed above. Here are some of the best representatives:

Good cold remedy for kids

What to drip into the nose of a child with a cold without regard for safety? What remedy can mom give, hoping for help, but without harm and side effects?

In the event that, against the background of a decrease in immunity, a frequently ill child develops a persistent, protracted, long runny nose, then in this case, he is shown immune preparations containing antiviral protection - interferon and other active components:

In order to quickly cure rhinitis in a child at the initial stage, it is not necessary to use drugs that may have various side effects.

Numerous traditional medicines can be used, which may either prevent the disease from dragging on and becoming chronic, or even prevent the disease even before its first manifestations.

So, for example, going to the bath, warming up the whole body, and drinking tea with raspberries, honey and lime blossom can simply prevent a cold from becoming active in the body due to hypothermia.

Mustard in socks

This method belongs to reflexotherapy techniques. Its meaning is to pour dry mustard powder into a child's socks to improve blood circulation in the feet.

Since the vascular networks in the body are connected by reflexes, this causes an increase in immunity in response to the irritating effect of mustard.

This method can not be used in children under one year old, as well as with an increase in temperature. This is a preventive it can be resorted to only in case of hypothermia, which happened a few hours ago, and, according to the fear and experience of the parents, can turn into a cold.

Mustard is poured 1-2 teaspoons into children's socks at night, and woolen socks are put on top.

saline solution

Salt solution prepared at home is the same saline, provided that it has a concentration of 0.9% salt, which is equivalent to the state of blood plasma. It is very useful with the help of devices to rinse the nose with salt water, heated to 38 - 40 degrees.

In addition to mechanical and atraumatic cleaning of the mucous membrane, water has the ability to draw water out, and after the water, the swelling of the nasal mucosa also goes away.

In the case of multiple drug allergies, the use of saline along with cleansing, moisturizing, warming, can make the disease recede.

Beet juice for a speedy recovery

How to cure a runny nose in a child quickly at home with the help of vegetables? Many believe that for this you need to use raw beetroot juice, which is first settled in the refrigerator, and then instilled into each nostril.

The whole effect of this event will come down to moisturizing the nasal mucosa, and beetroot juice has no advantage over ordinary salted water. In any case, the studies carried out have not shown any acceleration of the period of rhinorrhea with the use of this remedy.

Radish and honey

Juice from black radish with honey has a great immunogenic effect: the top is cut off in the radish, a hole is made in the center. Honey is placed in the hole, again closed with a radish lid.

The whole structure is placed for several hours in a warm place. At this time, juice will stand out in the radish, which must be taken in 1 tbsp. spoon.

It can be used in children from 3-4 years of age, as it strengthens the immune system well and alleviates the course of not only the common cold, but also bronchitis, tonsillitis and other colds.

Essential oils

Preparations such as essential oils can only be used if the child does not have a pronounced allergic history.

After all, essential oils can develop severe bronchospasm. So, it is almost impossible to force a child to breathe essential oils of garlic and onions.

Therefore, inhalations with tea tree, mint, eucalyptus, and lemon oils are a good alternative. Thuja oil has a good healing effect. This oil is obtained from thuja needles, and it has a pronounced immunomodulatory effect.

In addition, vapors of essential oils are able to moisturize and soften the mucous membrane of not only the nose, but also the bronchi, having a beneficial effect on the ciliary epithelium.

For more information on the use of a nebulizer in the treatment of ENT diseases, you can read the article below:

In addition to treatment:

The main purpose of this article was to make it clear to parents, that in most cases a runny nose (rhinitis) is a natural process, which must not be suppressed, just as a cough must not be suppressed, otherwise all the infected sputum will accumulate inside and can cause pneumonia.

How to cure a runny nose in a child is a problem known to all parents without exception. The disease, which affects children of any age, causes a lot of inconvenience to the child: breathing becomes difficult, the sense of smell is dulled. And these are only the first, mild symptoms.

The problem requires immediate resolution, since inflammation of the nasal mucosa cannot be ignored. This is fraught with all sorts of complications: from chronic diseases to those that can only be cured through surgery.

The child's body, which is intensively growing and forming, has a number of features. You need to take into account each, asking the question: how to cure a runny nose in a child in order to exclude possible complications and not cause harm.

Causes and symptoms

Before getting rid of the problem, you need to know what caused the runny nose.

It is best to do this under the supervision of a pediatrician, because there can be a lot of reasons for a runny nose:

1. Allergy. To deal with the manifestation of allergic rhinitis should be specialized means, conventional antiviral and vasoconstrictor drugs are useless at best, at worst they will aggravate the situation. Read more about childhood allergies→
2. Dry air (both indoors and outdoors). The release of moisture from the nose in this case is a protective reaction of the mucosa.
3. Hypothermia or overheating.
4. Foreign objects entering the nasal passage. Any small parts from toys, glitter from a dress, dust, particles of chalk or sand cause vasomotor rhinitis. It is accompanied by attacks of headache and pronounced watery discharge from the nose.
5. Nasal trauma. A child can injure the nose by poking it with a finger or a pencil.
6. Virus. A cold is accompanied by sneezing, coughing, fever, and general malaise. As a rule, this is a seasonal manifestation.
7. Physiology, no other signs of a cold. A vivid example of such a runny nose is the period when teeth are cut in babies.

Treatment methods

The nasal passages of infants are very narrow and it is often difficult for them to cope with the natural production of mucus, especially if parents, trying to protect the child from hypothermia, heat the air in the room to greenhouse temperatures.

Thinking about how to quickly cure a runny nose in a child, first of all, you should:

• ventilate the room;
• do wet cleaning (even better - stock up on a household air humidifier, if this is not possible, hang a damp towel on the back of the bed);
• clean the nose with moistened gauze turunda (but by no means with cotton swabs. They, unlike gauze twisted into a tourniquet, are inelastic and can injure the mucous membrane, especially if the child turns or throws his head back while cleaning his nose).

You can quickly and effectively cure a runny nose in a one-month-old baby with the help of washing. To do this, use pharmaceutical preparations based on sea water (Aquamaris, Otrivin, Aqualor, Dolphin, Marimer).

Any of the solutions should be warmed to room temperature and instilled 1-2 drops into each nasal passage. It is advisable to put a diaper under the child's head so that liquid flows freely onto it.

It is also necessary to clear the nose of flowing mucus using an ordinary rubber bulb for douching without a plastic tip (hard plastic can injure the mucous membrane, and if it slips deeply, it can injure the nasal septum).

It is worth remembering that any pharmacy preparations can be dripped for no more than 4 days. As a rule, pediatricians prescribe the following drugs to infants:

• Protargol;
• Polydex;
• Nazol (baby series),
• Nazivin.

For a more effective treatment of the common cold, bathing the baby should be excluded for several days, give him 1-2 tablespoons of boiled water as an additional drink.

Runny nose in preschool children

From the age of 3, the child can already blow his nose on his own. However, do not blow hard, so as not to damage the vessels. If the nose is clogged, you can drip 2-3 drops of diluted Kalanchoe juice (provided that the baby is not allergic to it).

When choosing drops, you should carefully study the composition. Natural and herbal-based products are best suited for children (Protorgol, Pinosol, Rinoxil, Vibrocil).

All the same drugs that treat babies are suitable, you just need to increase their dose - in accordance with the age of the child. If the runny nose is protracted, Isofra or Xemelin are usually prescribed.

Should not be used:

• Sanorin. It often causes allergic edema. Such a drug can only be prescribed to children of school age.
• Naphthyzin. It sharply constricts the blood vessels. They can only slightly wet the nasal mucosa by applying liquid to the turunda.

You can also lubricate the nose to facilitate breathing with Iodoglycerin - twice a day (in the morning and before bedtime). However, only a doctor can advise which is better to use.

Warm foot baths help well, especially if sea salt is added to them (and to make it more interesting for a child to sit in warm water, you can tint it with a decoction of chamomile or sage).

Folk remedies

It is also effective in the treatment of rhinitis in children with folk remedies.

To wash the nose of infants, you can use:

• a thin decoction of chamomile pharmacy (a dessert spoon without a slide in a glass of water, steamed for 10 minutes, cooled, filtered);
• decoction of calendula (an incomplete tablespoon of dry collection is added per liter of water. After infusion for 10-15 minutes, strain);
• saline solution (9 grams of salt - an incomplete teaspoon per liter of boiled water). For children after a year, the saline solution is made more saturated - a teaspoon of coarse salt is placed per liter, full to the brim;
• tincture of a tablespoon of dried mint leaves (pepper, not lemon balm), with two glasses of boiling water. The solution must be infused for an hour, and then filtered. This tincture can be drunk twice a day, adding an incomplete teaspoon of linden liquid honey to the cup.

When treating a cold, you can not do without steam inhalation:

• Pour a tablespoon of raspberries and currants into a liter of boiling water, leave the broth for a few minutes.
• Pour boiling water into a small teapot, add 2 tbsp. spoons of soda, 1 tbsp. l. table salt. Stir and wait until the water cools down a bit. Then inhale alternately through each nostril through the spout of the teapot.
• Place a deep container with hot water by the child's bed, in which add a few drops of essential oils. It can be eucalyptus, myrtle, fir, lavender.

It is important to control the temperature of the water in the inhalation container - it should not be too hot so that the child does not get burned.

Nose drops can be prepared independently. Recommended for babies:

• aloe solution: 2 drops of aloe juice are diluted with boiled water (it is important that the plant is over 3 years old);
• breast milk: 2 drops in each nasal passage.

For children after a year, drops made from:

• dried calendula petals and yarrow leaves(it is also called a fish or bloodthirsty) - a teaspoon, pour boiling water over it. Wrap for half an hour or steam in a water bath for about 20 minutes. Cool, filter, and instill into each nasal passage twice a day, 3-4 drops (younger children 2 each);
• coltsfoot leaves, sage, plantain and calendula flowers. All of them should fit in a tablespoon, which is poured into a glass of boiling water. Then the broth is heated for 5 minutes in a water bath, insisted for half an hour, filtered. Buried three times a day, 2-3 drops in each nostril;
• mint essential oil with liquid (preferably linden) honey. Mix 1 teaspoon of each component, slightly warming the honey. The solution must be infused for 15 minutes - during this time, the oil and honey will complement each other's healing properties. After that, it is necessary to moisten the gauze turunda and smear the nasal mucosa.
• red beet juice. Mix a dessert spoon with a teaspoon of boiled water and instill into the nose (you can add a little lime liquid honey, but not necessary). In its pure form, beetroot juice is very pungent.

You can make a warm compress for your child: pour dry mustard into cotton socks. Such warming significantly speeds up the healing process. However, if the baby has a temperature, this method of treatment should be excluded.

Complications of the common cold

In the absence of timely treatment or in the chronic form, the infection of the nasal mucosa spreads to the respiratory tract. The most common complications of the common cold include:

1. Sinusitis. Common symptoms include soreness in the eyes, cheeks, nose, and forehead. When the form is advanced, patients complain of bad breath, partial loss of smell. General weakness is accompanied by fever and headache. In rare cases, sinusitis can cause blurred vision, ear infections, and inflammation of the lining of the brain.
2. Laryngitis. The main symptoms are dry mouth, hoarseness, dry cough, which is subsequently accompanied by sputum. As a rule, body temperature with laryngitis remains normal.
3. Bronchitis. It is accompanied by a cough with the release of specific mucus, which can have a different shade. Body temperature rises during the most severe course of the disease. If symptoms persist for a long time, a chest x-ray should be performed.

There are other complications of the common cold, which are less common, however, require more serious treatment:

• Hyposmia. As a rule, it occurs with chronic rhinitis and can lead to a complete loss of smell.
• Polyps. Benign formations in the nasal cavity facilitate the penetration of allergens and bacteria.
• Dacryocystitis. Accompanied by discharge of pus from the eyes. At the advanced stage of the disease, probing is carried out.

Despite the apparent ease of the disease, rhinitis can lead to dangerous complications. To avoid serious medical treatment or surgery, the treatment of the common cold should be dealt with at an early stage of the disease.

Useful video about the treatment of the common cold

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The treatment of a runny nose in children with folk remedies has its own difficulties - not every method will be allowed to be applied by children. Some people cannot stand the instillation of drops into the nose, in this case, heating the sinuses, massage and warming the feet or turundas in the nose will help. If turundas with grated onions seem too dangerous for some kids, then turundas with grated beets are no less effective.

Consider the most effective recipes for treating a runny nose in a child at home.

• Mustard.
  Children easily agree to such treatment. This is a rather pleasant procedure that can be dressed in a game form. It is necessary to attach dry mustard plasters to the feet and secure with a cloth or bandage and put on warm socks on top. If the child does not agree to this procedure or there are no mustard plasters in the house, then you can pour dry mustard into thick cotton socks, put on warm socks on top. Walk like this for 1-2 days. If the child still does not know how to walk, then this remedy will also help him - let him lie in socks with mustard.
• To treat a stuffy nose in a child, there is another pleasant remedy - warming the feet in water with mustard. Most children enjoy this procedure.
  Mustard treatment cleanses the nose well, improves general well-being during colds, and also helps with coughs.
• To quickly cure a runny nose in children, such a folk remedy as massage of the soles with alcohol helps. Instead of alcohol, you can use the asterisk balm. The child's feet are rubbed well, massaged, then warm socks are put on the legs. It is especially useful to do this before going to bed - do not put a sick child to bed with cold feet. The effect of this remedy will be even stronger and longer if you put a heating pad at your feet.

• How to cure a runny nose with onions.

  A runny nose in a child will quickly pass - in 1-2 days. This folk remedy combines hydrotherapy and the beneficial properties of onions.
  Adult and courageous children can agree to turundas soaked in onion juice and inserted into the nostrils. This procedure is not painful, but causes a slight irritation of the mucous membrane, all the mucus begins to move, sneezing begins, but nasal congestion quickly disappears. If the child does not agree to this method, you can use the onion according to another recipe: wrap the grated onion in a damp cloth, put it on the wings of the nose, cover it with a dry warm cloth on top, make it lie down with this compress for 15 minutes, after reading a fairy tale to it, repeat the procedure 3- 4 times a day.

• Garlic oil.

  For very young and very tender children, garlic oil can be used. Heat 50 g of vegetable oil in a water bath for 30 minutes, adding 2-3 cloves of crushed garlic. Insist for a day. Lubricate the nostrils 2-3 times a day. This oil is also good for prevention - during epidemics, before taking the child to crowded places, it is advisable to use this oil.

• Beet.

  Effective beet honey drops if there is no allergy to honey. You need to take 1/3 tsp. honey, dissolve in a dessert spoon of boiled water and mix with 1 tbsp. l. beet juice. Bury 7 drops every 2 hours in a heated form. Nasal congestion in a child goes away in 1 day.
  They also help raw beetroot swabs. You need to grate fresh beets, put on a piece of bandage and roll into a tube, insert into the nostrils for 1-2 hours, do several times a day. Such turundas clean the nose very well, but not every child can bear it. This remedy is for the very obedient and patient.

• Aloe and Kalanchoe.

  It is necessary to instill into the nose 3 times a day Kalanchoe juice or aloe 3 drops in each nostril. If in a child these drops strongly irritate the mucous membrane, you can dilute Kalanchoe juice with boiled water at 1:3-1:10. During the treatment of the common cold, sneezing may begin, this is a good sign and there is no need to be afraid of it.

• warming up.

  Warming up the nose and maxillary sinuses can be used even in the treatment of infants, the main thing is to be careful not to burn the child, it is necessary that he feels pleasant warmth.
  Warming up porridge. With a prolonged runny nose, fill a small bag of thick cotton or linen fabric with warm, hard boiled millet porridge and put it on the maxillary sinuses, cover with a towel on top so that it does not cool down longer. For warming up, you can use two boiled chicken eggs wrapped in cloth, a pouch with hot sand or salt. Do warm-up procedures 3 times a day.

• Inhalations.

  Some people like to do inhalations over the steam of boiled potatoes "in uniform". This remedy is very effective against a runny nose and cough in children, but you should not resort to it if the child has a fever. For greater effect, you can drop the essential oil of eucalyptus or mint into the decoction. Or at the end of boiling potatoes, throw yarrow, sage, eucalyptus, mint or calendula flowers into the broth.

• Honey and aloe juice.
  The children had a severe runny nose and cough (girl - 6 years old, boy - 2 years old). Grandma mixed honey and aloe juice in a 1:1 ratio. Dropped into spouts at night. Everyone was very surprised when in the morning the kids had neither cough nor nasal discharge.
  A few days later, a relative came to visit them with a strong incessant cough and stuffy nose. They gave these drops to him. The next day, a call with thanks - nasal congestion and all the symptoms of a cold were gone! (HLS 2011, No. 4, p. 17)

Next, we will consider quick and effective folk remedies for the treatment of the common cold in infants and children up to a year.

Runny nose in babies is quite common. There are several ways to deal with this annoyance.

• The easiest method is to suck out the mucus from the nose with a suitable rubber bulb or a syringe without a needle.
• Important for a cold in newborns prevent mucus from drying out and thickening - this can increase breathing difficulties. If it becomes easier for the baby to breathe while walking or bathing, then you have too dry air in the apartment. This happens during the heating season. Try to humidify the air, if there is no special humidifier, then lay out wet rags on batteries, arrange wide containers of water, ventilate the apartment. Moisturizing the nasal passages with saline will help prevent the mucus from drying out and cure a runny nose in infants.
• Salt solution.
  Dissolve in 100 g of boiled water 1/2 tsp. salt (preferably sea food) or take saline. Instill a warm solution into the nose of an infant, 2-3 drops. The first instillation will be quite painful, causing sneezing, coughing. Then the sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the baby to this procedure will decrease, he will endure it calmly. Treatment of children with this remedy can be carried out every 30 to 60 minutes.
  A runny nose is treated by this method in two ways: saline solution relieves swelling of the mucous membrane and helps to thin the sputum, which must be removed with a rubber pear.
• How to treat a runny nose in infants with onions or beets.
  You can greatly enhance the effectiveness of the previous method by adding freshly squeezed onion juice to the saline solution (for 10-20 drops of water - 1 drop of onion juice) or beet juice (for 5 drops of water - 1 drop of beet juice)
• Oil is a painless method for a cold in newborns.
  You can instill 1 drop of an oil solution of vitamin A (sold in a pharmacy). This will not allow sputum to dry out, moisturize and relieve irritation from the mucosa. Vitamin A strengthens and restores mucous membranes.
  The same effect will give the lubrication of the nasal passages with sea buckthorn oil.
• Garlic oil.
  Pour 2 cloves of minced garlic with 50 g of sterilized vegetable oil, insist for a day, lubricate the baby's nose from the inside 2-3 times a day.
• Treatment of rhinitis in newborns through the feet.
  Several times a day, lubricate the child's feet with Vietnamese asterisk balm, while doing a massage. Then put on warm socks and cover your feet with a blanket.
  Another way is to put some mustard in the baby's socks.

It is important to remember that in childhood the disease develops faster than in adults. This is due to the fact that the mucous membrane of the nasal passages is looser, equipped with a large number of blood and lymphatic vessels. Therefore, when meeting with a factor that causes inflammation (most often, it is a viral infection), edema develops faster, mucus also begins to be produced more actively and in larger quantities. In addition, in babies, especially under the age of 3 years, the nasal passages are narrower than in adults. Therefore, the resulting mucosal edema quickly leads to the closure of their lumen and difficulty in nasal breathing. In this regard, measures to treat the disease should be taken fairly quickly.

What are the consequences of acute rhinitis in children in the absence of competent treatment? First of all, against the background of a viral infection, a bacterial one often joins, inflammation can capture not only the nasal passages, but also the sinuses, which leads to the development (, ethmoiditis, frontal sinusitis). Also, in children, the middle ear is often involved in the inflammatory process (the infection rises from the nasal cavity along the auditory tube), which leads to the occurrence of otitis media.

In addition, the lack of treatment can lead to such a problem as a prolonged runny nose in a child, that is, to development. Also, the illiterate use of medicines leads to adverse consequences. For example, the uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictor drugs very often causes the development of a child in a condition that requires long-term treatment and observation.

Often, parents believe that antibiotics are an effective remedy for a cold in children. However, in most cases, their uncontrolled use only exacerbates the situation. After all, an antibacterial drug has no effect on viruses that cause inflammation, but sometimes it has a depressing effect on beneficial microflora, which is an important body defense system. In addition, the uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the development of resistance in bacteria present in the child's body. And in the case of the addition of a bacterial infection (purulent rhinitis, sinusitis), which are very often caused by these microbes, it can be much more difficult to find an effective treatment.

It must be understood that the treatment of even such a common and, at first glance, non-serious disease as rhinitis in children should be carried out under the supervision of a physician. Because inflammation in the nasal cavity can be both a sign of a common ARVI and a symptom of diseases such as measles, diphtheria, measles, etc.

The most common cause of rhinitis in children is infection. In a child, especially under the age of 3 years, protective mechanisms are not sufficiently formed, and we are talking about both general immunity and local immunity. When inhaled, airborne pathogens enter the nasal cavity first. With fully functioning defense mechanisms, microbes are enveloped in mucus and brought out due to the movements of special cilia, which are provided with epithelial cells. In addition, immunoglobulins, proteins that provide local immunity on the nasal mucosa, help to resist the development of infection. In young children, there is an insufficient production of these proteins, and the general immune response also “works” to a lesser extent, which allows blocking the inflammatory process at an early stage.

Factors that increase the risk of developing rhinitis in a child caused by infections are the inhalation of dry air, dust, as this leads to drying of the mucus in the nose, making it difficult for the cilia to work. Thus, favorable conditions are created for the reproduction of pathogens in the nasal cavity and the development of inflammation.

The cause of the development of the disease can be both viruses and bacteria. As a rule, the disease begins with viral rhinitis in children, then inflammation caused by bacteria joins. Less common pathogens are fungi, tubercle bacillus, gonococcus.

It is important to remember that a runny nose in a child can be a symptom of some infectious diseases, such as measles, diphtheria, etc. That is why the treatment of the disease, especially in young children, is best done under the supervision of a doctor who can make a correct diagnosis, prevent the development of complications.

Allergic rhinitis in a child occurs due to contact with an allergen. This can be house dust, animal hair and skin flakes, plant pollen, food, etc.

There are other causes of a runny nose. Thus, vasomotor rhinitis in children occurs as a result of dysregulation of the vascular tone of the nasal mucosa, as a result of which epithelial cells begin to actively produce mucus even with normal physiological irritation (cool air, dust), in stressful situations. The reason for this may be a disease such as vegetovascular dystonia, various disorders of the nervous system (vascular neurosis), and allergic diseases.

Predisposing factors for the development of vasomotor rhinitis in a child are the growth of adenoids in the nasopharynx, the curvature of the nasal septum.

It is important to know that a very common cause of this condition is the abuse of vasoconstrictor drugs. The use of these drugs for more than 5-7 days contributes to the disruption of the natural regulation of vascular tone of the nasal mucosa and the development of drug-induced rhinitis.

Kinds

The symptoms and tactics of treating a disease such as rhinitis in a child depend on its type. Therefore, despite the presence of common signs, such as nasal congestion, the presence of mucus in the nasal cavity, the causes, and hence the principles of treatment of various types of rhinitis in a child, will differ significantly.

Rhinitis is divided into groups depending on the nature of the process in the nasal cavity (catarrhal,), on the cause of the disease (for example: allergies, viruses, bacteria), and according to other criteria. A detailed classification can be viewed.

Symptoms

What are the symptoms of infection-related rhinitis in children? They depend on the stage of the disease, as well as on the characteristics of the pathogen that caused the disease.

• Initial phase(It is also called the “dry” or “dry irritation stage”). During this period, pathogens are introduced into the nasal mucosa. The body responds to microbial aggression by expanding the vessels of the epithelium, filling them with blood, but the mucous membrane itself remains dry. Symptoms of this period are a burning sensation in the nasal cavity, a feeling of “itching”, discomfort in the nose, and a desire to sneeze. Gradually, nasal congestion appears without a runny nose in a child, the sense of smell decreases. At the same time, general symptoms may occur: weakness, lethargy, headache, a slight increase in temperature may be observed. Young children become capricious, irritable, and their appetite may decrease. As a rule, this phase lasts from several hours to one, rarely two days. If the child has good local and general immunity (it is very important to notice the symptoms in time and take the necessary preventive measures, which we will discuss later), the body can cope with the invasion of viruses, and the disease will not develop. Otherwise, the next phase begins.
• catarrhal phase(also called the “wet” or “serous stage”). During this period, there is an increase in the permeability of the mucous membrane damaged by viruses. Lymphatic fluid exits the vessels into the tissues, which leads to severe edema. The activity of epithelial cells that produce mucus, which accumulates in the nasopharynx of a child, increases. As a rule, the discharge at this stage has a light color and a fairly liquid consistency. Discharge from the nose flows down the back wall of the nasopharynx, often enters the lower respiratory tract, so a combination of a runny nose and cough in a child is often observed. Often there is irritation around the nasal passages, on the upper lip. At this stage, there is a pronounced difficulty in nasal breathing, the child can only breathe through the mouth, which leads to anxiety, sleep disturbance. Loss of smell and taste sensations, appetite suffers.

Among the symptoms during this period, a runny nose and temperature in a child are also observed: the thermometer can rise to 38 degrees and above. The severity of general symptoms depends on the characteristics of the virus that caused the inflammation. So, with the flu, there will be aches in the muscles, a pronounced temperature (up to 39 degrees and above). With adenovirus infection, parainfluenza, the general condition, as a rule, suffers less, although general weakness, lethargy, and headache may disturb the child.

It often happens that a child has a cough and runny nose without fever. Such a picture can be observed a few days after the onset of the disease, when the activity of inflammatory processes is already decreasing, it may also be due to the characteristics of the virus that caused the disease, or it may indicate a low reactivity of the immune system, unable to give a full response to the invasion of the infection: in this case, the disease proceeds sluggishly and often there is a tendency to develop chronic rhinitis in a child.

The catarrhal phase usually lasts 3-5 days. During this period, it is very important to carry out competent treatment of the common cold in children: this significantly increases the likelihood that the body will cope with the infection and recovery will come. However, often against the background of damage to the nasal mucosa of a viral infection, the bacterial flora is activated, which leads to the appearance of new symptoms.

• Phase of mucopurulent discharge,- the so-called purulent runny nose in a child. It can occur on the 3-5th day of the course of the disease. A characteristic sign of a bacterial infection is a change in the nature of the mucus: it becomes cloudy, acquires a yellowish or greenish tint, becomes thick, and an unpleasant odor may appear.

At the same time, there is often an improvement in the general condition, a decrease in temperature, and a decrease in headache. The duration of the phase, as a rule, is 2-4 days. With adequate treatment, recovery usually follows this phase. If the child has reduced immunity, competent treatment has not been carried out, there is a possibility of the transition of the acute phase of the disease to the chronic one, as well as the development of complications.

• recovery phase. With an adequate immune response and proper treatment, recovery most often occurs on the 5-7th day of illness. During this period, there is a restoration of nasal breathing, a decrease in the amount of mucus up to complete disappearance, an improvement in the general condition, taste and smell are restored, sleep and appetite are improved. The complete disappearance of the symptoms of the disease, as a rule, takes from 3 to 5 days.

In order for the body to effectively cope with the infection, it is important to include more fresh fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals in the diet. Berries are very useful - they contain a large number of components that positively affect the immune system: they can be consumed fresh, in winter - make fruit drinks and compotes from frozen berries. It is important to remember that during illness you should not experiment with unusual dishes, exotic fruits. The introduction of new foods that are unfamiliar to the child's body requires adaptation (especially at a younger age), in addition, they can cause allergies. Therefore, it is better to dwell on those useful products that were previously present in the baby's diet.

How and with what to wash your nose?

Nasal irrigation is a simple method to reduce the viscosity of the mucus and prevent the formation of crusts in the nose. Mucus is easily blown out or "drawn" into the nasopharynx and swallowed - there is no stagnation and conditions are created for restoring the natural protective function of the nasal mucosa in a child.

Treatment of a runny nose with saline in children

One of the simplest answers to the question “how to treat a runny nose in a child” is the instillation of a saline solution, or, more simply, a solution of table salt, into the nose.

How to prepare a saline solution for a cold in children? It is enough to dilute one teaspoon of table salt in one liter of warm water (you can take any water - bottled, boiled). Do not exceed the concentration so that the solution does not have an aggressive effect on the damaged mucous membrane of the baby's nasal cavity. In addition, saline solution can be purchased ready-made at a pharmacy - it is very inexpensive!

For instillation of saline into the nose, you can use a regular pipette. You can carry out the procedure at any age: for children under 3 years old, 1-3 drops in each nostril are enough, for older children - 4-6 drops. The frequency of instillation depends on the amount of mucus in the nose: with its intensive formation, saline can be dripped into the nose every 10-15 minutes (excluding sleep time).

How to make breathing easier for a child with a cold? For a more intensive cleaning of the nasal cavity from the accumulated mucus and the restoration of nasal breathing, you can carry out the procedure of washing the nose. For this, saline or a solution based on sea salt is also used - you can, for example, purchase a Dolphin kit at a pharmacy, which includes bags of sea salt and a special bottle for washing the nose.

You can also buy a ready-made children's spray for a cold - however, you need to pay special attention to age restrictions. Too strong a jet in a spray designed for use in older children can lead to the reflux of mucus into the auditory tubes in babies, which is fraught with the development of otitis media.

However, in most cases, washing the nose is not at all a mandatory procedure in the treatment of a runny nose in children, it is often enough to simply instill saline into the nose. Nasal lavage is much more relevant in the treatment of sinusitis in children: you can read more about the procedure.

Rinsing the nose with hydrogen peroxide

Quite often, you can find recommendations to use hydrogen peroxide for a cold in children - in the form of drops and a solution for washing. Adherents of this technique believe that the antiseptic properties of this substance can be useful in the treatment of inflammation of the nasal passages.

However, the use of this technique - both in childhood and in adulthood - has no official justification; clinical studies have not been conducted in relation to this approach, proving its effectiveness and safety. The use of hydrogen peroxide can lead to damage to the mucous membrane, disrupt the operation of the cilia, which are provided with epithelial cells to cleanse the nasal cavity of microbes and foreign substances. You can read more about this method.

Answering the question “how to quickly cure a runny nose for a child”, doctors, in addition to the basic methods that we talked about above (moisturizing and cooling the air, drinking plenty of water, instilling saline or washing into the nose, a protein-free diet, vibroacoustic therapy) include some drugs in the treatment regimen, which can help relieve symptoms and speed up the healing process.

However, in an effort to find an effective remedy for the common cold for children, it is important to remember that the independent and uncontrolled use of drugs can lead to negative consequences, be addictive and even cause complications. Only a doctor can form a treatment regimen based on the specifics of the process, the age of the child, and the nuances of his condition.

Vasoconstrictor drugs

Medicines that have a vasoconstrictive effect are the only means that quickly restore nasal breathing. They affect the tone of the vessels of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity: when they are used, the vessels narrow, swelling decreases and breathing through the nose is facilitated.

However, if these drugs are used for a long time (more than 5-7 days), this will lead to a violation of the natural regulation of vascular tone, that is, addiction will develop. The consequence of the uncontrolled use of such drugs is a chronic runny nose and nasal congestion in a child (vasomotor rhinitis), which are very difficult to treat. If the need for the use of vasoconstrictors persists longer than 5-7 days, it is important to consult a doctor to determine further treatment tactics.

If a child often has a runny nose - what to do? In no case should you resort to vasoconstrictor drugs on your own, but consult a doctor and undergo an examination to determine the cause of the disease. It is important to remember that instillation of vasoconstrictors into the nose is not a medical procedure, it is aimed primarily at relieving symptoms and facilitating nasal breathing. In parallel with their application, it is necessary to take other measures that contribute to recovery.

Phytopreparations

Currently, many products are being produced for the treatment of rhinitis in children, which include herbal components. These can be fatty and essential oils (sea buckthorn, fir), plant extracts, etc.

Phytopreparations are made in the form of drops, sprays, or in such a form as an ointment for the common cold for children. The active substances included in their composition (medicinal components of certain plants) are intended to have an antimicrobial effect, accelerate regeneration, soften and nourish the mucous membrane, and reduce inflammatory manifestations.

It is important to remember that the uncontrolled use of herbal remedies without taking into account the individual characteristics of the child and the nature of the course of the process can cause serious harm to the health of a small patient. The fact is that many plant components can cause allergic reactions, irritate the nasal mucosa. The use of oil-based products can adversely affect the function of the epithelium of the nasal cavity, causing "gluing" of the cilia and disrupting their work to remove microbes from the nasal passages. In addition, many herbal remedies have age restrictions: you must carefully read the instructions before using this or that remedy in a child.

The use of any herbal medicine must be agreed with the attending physician, who will decide whether there is a need for their appointment and at what stage of the disease their use will be most effective.

Mucolytics

Drugs called mucolytics or secretolytics can help reduce the viscosity of mucus in the nasal cavity. They contain enzymes that dissolve mucus and make it more liquid. It is important that they can also affect the mucous sputum, which is formed during viral, allergic, vasomotor rhinitis and in the treatment of purulent rhinitis in children.

However, doctors believe that it is easier to prevent mucus from thickening in the nasal cavity of a child by providing the necessary humidity and temperature of the inhaled air, drinking plenty of water and regularly instilling saline into the nose than coping with the problem with the help of certain medications. It is important to remember that the enzymes that make up most mucolytic agents are of a protein nature and can provoke an allergy attack in a child. Therefore, the need for their appointment in complex treatment should be determined only by a doctor.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

When the question arises of how to cure a runny nose in a child, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs as part of a comprehensive treatment. As a rule, drugs in this group also have antipyretic and analgesic effects.

In a situation where there is a high temperature and a runny nose in a child, anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to relieve common symptoms - fever, headache.

Before giving a child this or that anti-inflammatory drug, it is important to consult a doctor: sometimes parents try to “bring down” even the slightest temperature, not realizing that fever is the body’s most important defense mechanism in the fight against infection. Therefore, doctors do not recommend giving antipyretic drugs if the child has a runny nose and a temperature of 37 degrees - until the thermometer rises to 38.5 degrees and above.

The exception is situations when the child does not tolerate fever well, complains of severe headache or weakness, if he vomits or is at risk of developing seizures. In addition, most anti-inflammatory drugs have a negative effect on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, so they should be used with caution in children with a tendency to inflammatory or ulcerative processes in the stomach or intestines.

Antivirals

Currently, the pharmaceutical industry produces various antiviral drugs for topical and general use, which people are trying to use as an effective remedy for the common cold in children.

However, according to the famous pediatrician E.O. Komarovsky, all existing means, in essence, cannot have an effect on viruses. This is due to the characteristics of the vital activity of these microorganisms: in order to begin to live and multiply, the virus must get inside a certain cell. And it is possible to destroy it only together with this cell. Therefore, even those agents that are effective in the fight against viruses in the laboratory, in the body, cannot affect these microaggressors in any way. In this regard, most of the products that are declared as antiviral cannot destroy the virus in any way.

More opinion of E.O. Komarovsky about antiviral drugs in the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections can be found in this video:

However, there are other opinions regarding the use of antiviral drugs for the prevention of SARS. So, the leading researcher of the department of RVI in children of the Research Institute of Children's Infections (Moscow), Doctor of Medical Sciences O.I. Afanasyeva believes that the use of certain antiviral drugs, in particular Cycloferon, helps to increase the child's resistance to viral infections, activate immunity resources when faced with an infection: the doctor's opinion is based on the results of studies conducted in foreign and Russian clinics.

In any case, the decision on the need to use antiviral agents for the prevention and treatment of viral infections should be made by the attending physician.

Antibiotics

Very often the question arises - will antibiotics help with a cold in a child? Doctors believe that these drugs in most cases are not only not effective, but can also cause significant harm to health. As we have already said, in the vast majority of cases, inflammation of the nasal membrane develops against a background of a viral infection. Antibacterial drugs do not work on viruses! But their introduction into the body causes addiction and increased resistance on the part of those bacteria that are present in the child's body and can potentially cause a particular disease.

As you know, many inflammatory processes that are of a bacterial nature, for example, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. are caused by microbes that live in the human body and show their pathogenic properties with a decrease in immunity. For example, after a viral infection. If a child was given an antibacterial drug against the background of ARVI, then if he subsequently develops a bacterial infection, the disease will be much worse to treat.

Another adverse effect that can occur if you treat a runny nose in a child with antibiotics is the development of an allergy. Each contact with an antibacterial drug increases the risk of an allergic reaction. The more often parents resort to the unreasonable use of various antibiotics, the narrower the circle of drugs becomes that will help in a situation where the use of these drugs will be really necessary or even vital!

If purulent rhinitis occurs, treatment does not necessarily have to be based on the use of antibiotics. Even a change in the nature of the mucus (turbidity, the appearance of an unpleasant odor) and the appearance of other symptoms indicating the addition of a bacterial infection, in most cases, is not an indication for antibiotic therapy. It is enough to continue activities that help facilitate the discharge of mucus from the nasal cavity, which we discussed above, as well as strengthen the body's defenses. And in most situations, the body copes with the disease on its own.

In what cases is the appointment of an antibiotic for a cold for children indicated? When there is a risk of developing bacterial complications such as sinusitis (ethmoiditis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis), as well as inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media). When otitis media appears, antibiotic therapy may be prescribed, but only the attending physician should make this decision! The use of local antibacterial drugs is unacceptable.

According to E.O. Komarovsky, antibiotics, which are prescribed in the form of ointments, sprays, drops, are not able to create in the body the concentration necessary to destroy microbes. So, this is the way to develop microbial resistance!

In addition, when it comes to the treatment of sinusitis, which arose as a complication of acute rhinitis, topical antibiotics remain in the nasal cavity and do not reach the maxillary sinuses, where the inflammatory process occurs. You can read more about this.

Antiseptics

Often among the recommendations on how to treat a runny nose in children, there are tips on the use of antiseptics. These are substances that contain components that can in one way or another act on bacteria. These can be substances of plant (for example, eucalyptus leaf extract) or animal origin, silver, as well as drugs (for example, sulfonamides).

Will antiseptics help cure a runny nose in a child? In most cases, their use is not particularly necessary. In addition, it is important to remember that the ingredients included in their composition can irritate the inflamed mucous membrane of the child's nose, and also cause allergies. Only the attending physician can decide whether the use of a particular antiseptic is justified and safe and give the correct recommendations for its use.

Inhalations

Are inhalations necessary for a cold for children? Inhalation refers to the child inhaling air containing substances that can have one or another therapeutic effect.

The most common type of inhalation is steam inhalation over a saucepan.

Parents can add various herbs, soda there, it can also be a decoction of potatoes, etc. The problem is that the concentration of active substances in such a pair is very small, insufficient to provide any therapeutic effect. The main effect that such inhalations give to children with a runny nose is moisturizing the mucous membrane. This is a useful property of steam, as it can lead to a decrease in the viscosity of mucus and the elimination of crusts.

However, some nuances must be taken into account. The traditional method of "breathing over a saucepan" can cause burns of the respiratory tract, as well as injuries associated with inverting a vessel of hot liquid. Therefore, if there is a need for their implementation - and this issue must be resolved with a doctor - it is better to use a special device - a steam inhaler.

It is also important to remember that inhalations with a runny nose for children have contraindications: this is the age of up to 7 years, elevated body temperature, a combination of inflammation in the nasal cavity and purulent processes (sinusitis, otitis media, etc.).

On the Internet, you can find a lot of recommendations for inhalation with a runny nose with a nebulizer, recipes for children that parents can focus on when choosing a treatment. What is a nebulizer? This is a special device that turns the medicine into very small particles (the so-called fine aerosol), which are inhaled by the child.

But is a nebulizer effective for a runny nose in children?

Pediatrician E.O. Komarovsky believes that its use in inflammation of the nasal mucosa will not be beneficial. Because the nebulizer was developed primarily for the treatment of diseases of the lower respiratory tract - when using it, the medicine is sprayed into very small particles, the diameter of which is less than 10 microns. It does not linger in the upper respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity, but is directed to the lowest parts of the respiratory system.

You can read more about the nuances of using an inhalation nebulizer.

Inhalations are also sometimes carried out, in which essential oils are used for the common cold for children. They are carried out using an aroma lamp, or simply pour a few drops on a piece of cloth and let the child breathe. However, the concentration of active substances during this procedure in the inhaled air is very low, and the healing properties of the oils do not have the desired effect on the healing process. In addition, it must be remembered that many essential oils are allergens.

It is important to note that if the basic rules for treating inflammation in the nasal passages in a child (constant air humidification, instillation of saline into the nose, etc.) are followed, in most cases there is no need for inhalation in a child with a runny nose.

Warming up the nose

Warming up the nose with a runny nose in a child: often this procedure is considered an effective method of treating the disease. Parents apply a boiled egg, hot salt, paraffin, or use a blue lamp, etc. to the area of ​​inflammation. But what can the effect of thermal procedures lead to in the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa?

Exposure to heat leads to vasodilation and increased blood flow in this area. In the initial stage of the disease, this can lead to activation of the inflammatory process. Warming up the nose is categorically contraindicated if the child has an elevated body temperature, if there is a risk of developing purulent processes in the sinuses, the occurrence of otitis media.

However, it is possible to use warming up the nose from a runny nose in children at the final stages of the process: it can help speed up the processes of regeneration of the mucous membrane. However, before it is carried out, it is imperative to consult with your doctor!

mustard plasters

Is it advisable to put mustard plasters for a cold in children? As a rule, this is not necessary. Mustard plasters are a so-called distracting procedure, the task of which is to activate blood circulation, skin irritation in reflexogenic zones - at points (feet, calf muscles) that are connected with the place where the inflammatory process takes place. Doctor E.O. Komarovsky, believes that there is a rationale for using mustard plasters in the recovery period in the treatment of diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, that is, diseases that require fairly active rehabilitation measures.

When it comes to how to cure a runny nose in a child, there is usually no need to use mustard plasters - in most cases, if you follow all the necessary measures that we talked about above, the body will cope with the disease on its own.

You can read more about the use of mustard plasters for a cold.

Acupressure

Acupressure for a runny nose in children is associated with an impact on certain reflexogenic zones: it can help facilitate nasal breathing, speed up the healing process. It is important to study the technique of its implementation: it is best if a specialist familiarizes the parents with the methodology.

The technique of acupressure in children is similar to that in adults, you can read about it in detail.

Sometimes parents believe that treating a runny nose in children with folk remedies will quickly help to cope with the disease. There is a myth that such methods may be more safe and at the same time effective in the treatment of the disease. However, doctors say that the use of many folk methods will not only not benefit the child, but can also seriously harm and cause complications. Herbal and other components that make up the products often cause irritation - this is especially important when it comes to young children, since their mucous membranes are more sensitive to the effects of aggressive substances.

In addition, when we talk about such an aspect as a runny nose and its treatment with folk remedies in children, it is necessary to remember the high risk of developing allergic reactions. Any component can cause allergies, there is a risk of both local and general reactions.

It is also important to understand that, relying on folk remedies for the treatment of rhinitis in children and neglecting the basic methods that we talked about above, and - if necessary - medications prescribed by a doctor, you can lose time and get various complications. Therefore, it is better to use drugs with proven effectiveness in treatment.

Next, we will consider the most popular folk remedies for the common cold for children, and also talk about what their use in the treatment of a disease in childhood can lead to from the point of view of official medicine.

Kalanchoe

Often you can find recommendations on the use of Kalanchoe juice for a cold in children. The juice of this plant really has anti-inflammatory properties, as it contains various vitamins, trace elements, bioflavonoids, etc.

However, is it worth using Kalanchoe for a cold in children? Pediatrician E.O. Komarovsky does not recommend doing this, since when using this folk remedy, many children experience a deterioration in their condition: it is very difficult to predict the child's individual reaction to the use of Kalanchoe juice. Perhaps irritation of the mucous membrane, aggravating the course of the inflammatory process, the development of allergic reactions, etc.

Therefore, despite the medicinal properties of Kalanchoe, with a runny nose, children should use it very carefully and after mandatory agreement with the attending physician!

Aloe

There are also tips for using with a runny nose in a child. It is believed that the use of this remedy can help due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is important to know that no studies have been conducted confirming the effectiveness of the use of aloe for inflammation in the nasal cavity in children. All preparations containing aloe juice are not recommended for children under 12 years of age without prior approval from the doctor.

The use of aloe can lead to the development of allergic reactions - both local and general, up to the development of Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock: conditions that threaten the baby's life!

Onion

One of the popular folk remedies is for a cold for children. To do this, it is recommended to instill an aqueous solution of onion juice, mix it with oil, honey and other components. However, it is important to remember that onion juice has a strong irritating effect on the mucous membrane, which can cause burns, cause damage to the components of the epithelium, disrupting the formation of mucus and the work of cilia, which helps to remove toxins and microbes from the nasal cavity. All this leads to the development of a protracted process, the occurrence of complications.

In addition, the use of this remedy for a cold in children can cause allergic reactions. Therefore, doctors do not recommend using it for topical use. They believe that the best use of onion for the prevention and treatment of SARS is to include it in the child's diet!

Beet

In folk medicine, it is sometimes used for the common cold in children. It is believed that the juice of this plant helps to reduce inflammation in the nasal cavity. However, the effectiveness of this technique has not been proven, therefore it is more rational to use funds that have confirmed their effectiveness and safety in order not to waste time and prevent the development of complications.

It is much more useful to use the properties of this product by including it in the diet - the beneficial substances that make up the root crop will help strengthen the body's defenses.

Oak bark

There is such a folk remedy for a cold for children, like. It is used to prepare decoctions that are instilled into the nose of a child - it is believed that the substances that make up the oak bark help reduce the viscosity of mucus and reduce inflammation.

However, is it possible to say that oak bark is a good remedy for a cold in children? The instructions for use do not indicate that this phytopreparation can be used to treat inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity. At the same time, it can be used to prepare a decoction for gargling in the treatment of rhinopharyngitis. But this should be done with caution, as many components of the oak bark can cause allergies in children.

Oils

Also, supporters of traditional medicine may recommend the use of this or that oil for the common cold for children. It is believed that their use will help soften the inflamed mucous membrane. There are recommendations for the use of the following oils:

• with a runny nose in a child. It contains substances that help activate the processes of regeneration of the mucous membrane, which may be relevant at the final stage of treatment. The use of this drug is contraindicated in children under 12 years of age.
• Essential for a runny nose in children - reviews of its use in childhood are very different. In some cases, a positive effect is observed, which is associated with the presence of anti-inflammatory substances and antioxidants in its composition. In other cases, parents talk about its inefficiency, and in some cases about the deterioration of the condition, which is associated with the occurrence of irritation and allergic reactions. At the same time, the instructions for use contain contraindications for the use of thuja oil up to 18 years of age.
• Essential from the common cold for children is recommended to relieve inflammatory manifestations and accelerate the processes of regeneration of the mucous membranes.

In any case, when it comes to the use of fatty and essential oils in the treatment of rhinitis in children with folk remedies, it is necessary to consult a doctor before using them. It is important to know that oil, when instilled into the nose, causes gluing of the cilia with which epithelial cells are provided (their movement is an important mechanism for cleansing the nose of foreign elements), which violates the protective properties of the mucous membrane and can impede the healing process.

In addition, it must be remembered that vegetable oils contain components that can cause allergies in a child. That is why the question of the need to use such folk remedies for the common cold for children should be decided only by the attending physician.

Prevention

Prevention of the common cold in children should include a set of measures aimed at both activating local defense mechanisms in the upper respiratory tract in a child and strengthening the immune system as a whole.

In order for the nasal mucosa to be able to fully realize its protective properties, it is important to prevent the increase in viscosity of the mucus and the formation of crusts in the nose.

• It is necessary that the air that the child breathes is always sufficiently humid and cool. Adjust the temperature in the room - the higher it is, the less moisture remains in the air, you can also use various evaporators and humidifiers.
• It is important that the child consumes a sufficient amount of fluid - dehydration leads to drying of the mucous membranes.

The physiological norm of fluid intake for children

• In addition, in order to prevent thickening of the mucus and prevent the appearance of crusts, it is recommended to instill a saline solution into the nose of the child daily (during periods of increased risk of getting sick, this can be done several times a day).

Measures to strengthen the immune system

If we are talking about allergic rhinitis, then the best way to prevent it is to eliminate allergens: regular wet cleaning and maintaining an optimal indoor climate (if the allergen is house dust). The use of protective equipment or a change of place of residence - if it is an allergy caused by plant pollen.

Prevention of vasomotor rhinitis is the competent use of vasoconstrictor drugs (no more than 5-7 days).

Preventive measures also include a competent approach to antibiotic treatment. Their unauthorized use, non-compliance with treatment regimens contributes to the weakening of the body's defenses and increases the risk of developing infectious diseases, including the common cold in children.

Conclusion

Often there is a situation when parents are carried away by the search for one or another remedy that will provide treatment for the common cold in children quickly and effectively, and forget about the simplest and most effective measures that can significantly alleviate the child's condition and activate their own defenses. These include cleaning, moisturizing and cooling the air in the room where the child is located, washing the nose, proper drinking regimen, and diet. These simple measures, combined with supporting immunity and replenishing the body's resources, will help to cope with the disease as soon as possible and avoid complications.

Frequently asked Questions:

Is it possible to bathe a child with a cold?

Parents often ask if it is possible to bathe a child with a runny nose. In most cases, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity in a baby is not a contraindication to bathing. On the contrary, contact with water helps to reduce the viscosity of mucus, soaking the crusts.

It is worth refraining from bathing when the child has a runny nose and a temperature of 38 degrees and above, when the child's general condition suffers. In this case, it is recommended to wipe with cool water.

Is it possible to walk with a child with a cold?

The answer to this question depends, first of all, on the cause of the disease. If there is an allergic rhinitis in a child caused by house dust and the elements contained in it, a walk in the fresh air will bring relief. If the allergy is caused by plant pollen, then walking can exacerbate the symptoms. Also, if inflammation in the nasal cavity is associated with SARS, then during the walk it is better to avoid contact of the patient with other children.

Also, the answer to the question “can I walk with a child with a cold?” depends on the condition of the child and weather conditions. With a high temperature, lethargy, weakness, it is better to stay at home. You should not go outside with negative air temperatures outside, wind and other adverse weather conditions.

How many days does a runny nose last?

How long does a runny nose last in a child? The average duration of the disease, when it comes to inflammation occurring against the background of a viral infection, is 5-8 days. This is due to the peculiarities of the immune response: it is this period that is necessary for the production of interferons and antibodies (substances responsible for protecting the body from infection).

If during this time the child does not have a runny nose - what to do? It is imperative to consult a doctor so that he can help establish the causes of the protracted course of the disease. These can be developed complications, for example, the addition of a bacterial infection and the development of sinusitis, otitis media.

A persistent runny nose in a child may be evidence of an allergic process - in this case, an examination by an allergist and the establishment of the cause of the disease are indicated.

Also, if a child does not have a runny nose for a long time, this may be a sign of a violation of the regulation of vascular tone, including that associated with the use of vasoconstrictor drugs - vasomotor rhinitis.

How to soar the legs of a child with a cold?

In most cases, this procedure is not the best cold remedy for children. As well as mustard plasters, thermal foot procedures are aimed at stimulating reflexogenic zones. They can not be used in the acute period of the disease, at elevated temperatures. But they can be effective in the recovery period for the treatment of diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, when there is a need to increase blood flow in the affected organ by stimulating active points on the foot.

In search of an answer to the question “how to cure a runny nose for a child at home”, you should not consider such a procedure as warming up the legs: this disease, with the right treatment, which we talked about above, passes quickly enough and does not need active rehabilitation measures.

How to treat a runny nose in a child?

When a child develops a runny nose, a number of measures can be taken to support his defenses and prevent the development of the disease. First, it is necessary to ensure the full performance of the functions of the nasal mucosa, which is responsible for protecting the nasal passages from the invasion of infection.

First aid for a runny nose in a child is to ensure the correct microclimate in the room: the sick person must breathe moist, cool and clean air. It is also important to supply the baby with enough liquid and instill saline in the nose.

How to cure a runny nose in a child? Another set of measures should be aimed at strengthening the body's defenses. When the first symptoms of the disease appear, it is recommended to transfer the baby to a protein-free diet, which reduces the load on the lymphatic system and liver.

Also, at the initial stage, it is recommended to include vibroacoustic therapy in the treatment of a cold in a child: the use of Vitafon devices activates the body's defenses, has a beneficial effect on the lymphatic system, and reduces the toxic load on the body.

What if I can't cure my child's runny nose?

Why does a child not have a runny nose for a long time? The reason may be the development of chronic inflammation in the nasal cavity, a change in the mucous membrane (thickening or thinning).

If a child has a frequent runny nose, the cause may be an allergy, a violation of vascular tone associated with the abuse of vasoconstrictor drugs and other factors.

Also, if a child has a long runny nose, the cause may be a curvature of the nasal septum, an injury to the nose, proliferation of adenoids, etc.

In any case, in order to understand how to get rid of a runny nose in a child, you need to see a doctor to undergo a comprehensive examination that will help determine the cause of the disease and choose an effective treatment.

Can homeopathy help with a cold in children?

Representatives of the World Health Organization believe that "the use of homeopathy has no evidence base, and in cases where it is used as an alternative to basic treatment, it poses a real threat to the health and life of people."

Doctors say that the effectiveness of such a method as homeopathy for the common cold for children, as well as for other diseases, is associated with the placebo effect, that is, with the patient's belief that the treatment helps. You can learn more about the principles of homeopathy from this TV show by E.O. Komarovsky.

Important to remember that homeopathy is by no means the most effective remedy for a cold for children! Moreover, if the disease becomes protracted, if there is a risk of developing purulent complications, such as otitis media or sinusitis, etc., in no case should one focus on this method of treatment: this can be fraught with serious consequences up to the death of the child. Only complex treatment with the use of antibacterial drugs under the supervision of specialists will help to cope with purulent-inflammatory processes in the body.

List of used literature:

1. Bogomilsky M.R., Chistyakova V.R. Children's otorhinolaryngology. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006
2. Karpova E.P., Bozhatova M.P. Rational methods of treatment of SARS in children // Farmateka, 2008;
3. Kryukov A.I. Acute rhinitis. In: Otorhinolaryngology: National Guide / Ed. V.T. Palchun. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008
4. Lazarev V.N., Suzdaltsev A.E., Ivoylov A.Yu., Babeshko E.A. Methods for studying adaptation processes and their correction in inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses in children: Guidelines, Moscow, 2002
5. Radtsig E.Yu. Features of the course and treatment of acute rhinitis in infants and young children / BC, 2011
6. Romantsov M.G., Golofeevsky S.V. The effectiveness of Cycloferon in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza during the epidemic rise in respiratory morbidity (2009 - 2010) / Antibiotics and chemotherapy, 2010
7. Sinopalnikov A.I., Klyachkina I.L. The place of mucolytic drugs in the complex therapy of respiratory diseases / Russian Medical Bulletin No. 4.
8. Chuchalin A.G. Avdeev S.N. Rational pharmacotherapy of respiratory diseases: Handbook. for practitioners / Litterra, 2004

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How to treat a runny nose in a child who appeared suddenly? Precisely suddenly: in the morning he was active and lively, and closer to dinner he sniffed..

Now, in the evening, when more than one handkerchief has already been filled with known contents, both young, "beginners" and experienced parents need to resolve several issues that will determine how serious the situation is and how to proceed.

Often, the disease can last a month, or even more, until the parents finally pay attention to this and take urgent measures.

If you do not think, but immediately begin treatment according to a well-known scheme - vasoconstrictor drugs, then instead of a quick cure you can get, for example, “naphthyzinic” dependence, which can deprive the baby of the joy of free breathing for whole years.
So, preferably already in the first hour after the first signs of snot appear, parents should give themselves an answer (or try) to many questions, and we hope that this article will help you make the right decision and cope with the disease in a timely manner.

Terminology. What is a "runny nose" anyway?

A condition in which there is excessive secretion of nasal mucus is called "rhinitis". And the usual "snot" is scientifically called "rhinorrhea", that is, literally "nasal flow".

In medical clinical terminology, the suffix "-itis" means inflammation.

Of course, there is a big difference between appendicitis and rhinitis: no one will remove the nose. This word simply refers to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal concha and the nasal passages existing between them.

Inflammation can be expressed to varying degrees: with a real inflammatory process, with the addition of a bacterial infection, the mucous membrane may look tense, edematous, even cyanotic, for example, with meningococcal nasopharyngitis.

In the case of allergic rhinitis, the mucous membrane may be of a normal color, only slightly hyperemic, but at the same time there will be a discharge of a significant amount of mucus that has a transparent appearance.

It is known that the nasal mucosa is able to respond to any irritation, infection in one - the only protective way - mucus production.

In the event that, along with the expiration from the nose, there is a sore throat, for example, when swallowing, then they speak of nasopharyngitis, that is, damage to both the nasal mucosa and the pharyngeal wall.

What can not be done with a cold in children?

Immediately you need to decide what is forbidden for parents of especially young children to do:

Apply from the very beginning without a doctor's prescription nose drops containing antibiotics. This is strictly prohibited for a number of reasons:

• the antibiotic acts on bacteria, but does not act on viruses, which are the cause in the vast majority of cases;
• it is recommended to prescribe antibiotics only after receiving the results of bacterial cultures of nasal discharge on nutrient media;
• when they are instilled into the nasal passages, swallowing them is inevitable, and intestinal dysbacteriosis may develop due to the death of normal microflora, followed by the development of diarrhea, bloating and pain in the abdomen. with mature focus.

Immediately begin the treatment of a cold with vasoconstrictor drugs. Especially rude ones like Naphthyzin», « Galazolin". First of all, they dry the mucous membrane, cause vascular spasm.

And if the symptoms disappear for a few hours, then this does not mean anything: rehabilitation treatment after the abuse of such drugs can be quite long.

It must be remembered that the discharge of mucus in case of a cold is a defense, and should not be hindered.

It is possible to use vasopressor intranasal agents as the main ones only in case of allergic aseptic edema of the mucous membrane , as an element of pathogenetic therapy that affects the development of the process. Use a rubber douche to flush out the nasal passages. Especially in toddlers. The force of pressure may well cause injury to the tympanic membrane, and the ingress of fluid into the structures of the middle ear can cause reactive otitis media.

The main causes of a runny nose in children

Do not think that the only reason and source is a banal cold. The reasons may be different, but infections still lead in frequency of occurrence in all age groups.

Viral rhinitis. The most common not only in children, but also in adults. Oddly enough, viruses that have an affinity for mucous membranes cause it. It is there that they attach to cells and primary reproduction.

In the event that the protective barrier is strong, then antiviral immunity quickly copes with pathogens, and such an ailment quickly passes on its own.

It is about him that it is said that "an untreated runny nose passes in a week, and a treated one - in seven days."

By this it is understood that the laws of the development of a viral infection and methods of dealing with it in the body go through certain stages, which can be helped, but cannot be accelerated.

Most often, such an event as nasal congestion and runny nose is preceded by hypothermia: general or local (wet feet, an extra serving of ice cream).

bacterial rhinitis. In most cases, it is the result of a viral process with a weakened immune system. It occurs in weakened, often ill children, but may appear as a complication against the background of normal immunity, in case of a particular contagiousness of the pathogen.

As a result, bacterial inflammation develops on the weakened mucosa, which is manifested by mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages. Common signs of intoxication often develop: fever, malaise;

allergic rhinitis. with recurring episodes, when it is clear which allergen caused it. And when such a reaction occurs for the first time, its reliable "markers" are the abundance of clear, watery discharge and other signs of an allergic reaction: conjunctivitis, Quincke's edema, urticaria, pruritus.

In more severe cases, bronchospasm can develop, in which it is difficult to exhale rather than inhale.

Finally, in some cases, laryngeal edema may progress, which may require urgent surgical intervention to avoid death from suffocation.

Finally, the most severe allergic manifestation is fulminant anaphylactic shock.

As a rule, this type of rhinitis has a pronounced relationship with both respiratory (plant pollen, fish food, house dust) and food allergens (strawberries, chocolate, shrimp, eggs, citrus fruits). Sometimes it develops when caring for animals.

Medicinal, "ricochet" runny nose. It is the result of too aggressive treatment, in which vasoconstrictor drugs were used without proper control.

It must be understood that the speed of action and effectiveness of adrenomimetics does not mean at all that these drugs should form the basis of the therapeutic arsenal of parents.

This is similar to how large-caliber heavy artillery should become the basis of an offensive operation.

A quick effect will be achieved, but at the cost of a scorched desert. This form of the disease is often transient to chronic.

Congenital defects of the facial skull and ENT organs. They appear with serious violations in the first days after birth, with moderate ones, they can manifest themselves with ordinary rhinitis. It is based on difficulty in nasal breathing.

Most often, congenital is to blame for this, and parents often take difficulty in breathing due to inexperience for a runny nose, despite the fact that there are practically no “snot”.

Vasomotor rhinitis. A type of rhinitis associated with a violation of vascular tone in the area of ​​​​the turbinates and passages. The spasm of the efferent veins results in mucosal edema and rhinorrhea.

An important factor is the recurrence of attacks without regard to both hypothermia and the action of allergens.

It's important to know

Most often, a provocation is any action or phenomenon: excitement, pressure increase, weather change. May accompany symptoms of vegetovascular dystonia.

In addition, other causes may be the culprits of the disease: adenoid proliferation, foreign objects entering the upper respiratory tract.

Sometimes the disease state may be due to the presence of a chronic congenital disease, such as cystic fibrosis or sarcoidosis. Therefore, in any case, for an accurate diagnosis, you need to consult a doctor. Source: website

What are the possible complications?

Despite the fact that it is difficult to come up with, as it seems, a more "trifle" disease, it is fraught with serious complications and dangers. We list the most common ones:

• the gradual spread of infection into the bronchi and lungs due to the flow of infected mucus down;
• blockage of the Eustachian (auditory) tube with thick mucus with the development of inflammation in the joint (reactive otitis media);
• the development of sinusitis (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, ethmotiditis) - with the involvement of the sinuses of the skull (respectively, the maxillary, frontal and ethmoidal labyrinth);
• in infants who must feed by sucking, nasal congestion makes it impossible to breathe fully while eating. Therefore, they may be malnourished, lose weight, choke on milk or formula. and it can even go as far as aspiration pneumonia.

Rhinitis in children: the main symptoms

We will not consider here the manifestations of intoxication of the whole organism (temperature, malaise, lethargy), since they are well known to everyone and will focus only on local ones:

• nasal congestion. It is checked very easily: one nostril is clamped and one breathes “at half strength”. It turns out without tension - there is no symptom;
• rhinorrhea, or nasal discharge. They are serous, serous - purulent. Purely purulent discharge from the nasal passages does not happen, but when puncturing the maxillary sinus, you can sometimes get pus;
• sneezing. It is known to everyone that its purpose is to release the airway with the help of a reflex evoked push of air. The air speed during coughing and sneezing can reach 100 km / h or more. Sneezing is usually preceded by rich and varied sensations: burning, scratching, pleasant tickling.
• with atrophy of the mucous membrane (atrophic rhinitis), instead of rhinorrhea, scanty dry crusts form;
• since the secretion of mucus and tears have much in common, with a coryza it can sometimes sometimes occur on one side, with sensations preceding sneezing;
• hyposmia or anosmia - the inability to distinguish odors. This feeling is also familiar to everyone firsthand.

There are other discharges from the nasal passages: for example, with a fracture of the base of the skull and ruptures of the dura mater, in rare cases, cerebrospinal cerebrospinal fluid may leak from the nose and ears.

Sometimes there may be a runny nose in a child with blood.

Sometimes blood can drip from the nose, that is nosebleed occurs. There is even a special area from which almost all nosebleeds originate - Kisselbach zone.

You should not be afraid of this symptom, you need to put the child, throw back your head and put cold in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe nose, but not more than five minutes, so as not to catch a cold in the maxillary sinuses.

You can twist turunda from soft paper (napkins, toilet paper) and insert it into the nostril so as not to stain clothes with blood.

Sometimes nosebleeds can occur simply because a child who doesn't cut their nails just "picks" their nose.

The child starts a runny nose: what to do?

The stages of the disease, like any developing process, are clearly defined in time. They are most pronounced in a typical case, when the beginning runny nose develops due to hypothermia:

reflex stage, which is the shortest and lasts a few hours. It is at this stage that due to hypothermia, primary edema is formed, without the influence of pathogens. Light unpleasant impressions are possible: soreness (dryness and perspiration) in the nose, worsening of breathing;

Stage of viral rhinorrhea. It lasts several days, is associated with the direct influence of viruses. It is at this time that the child can be contagious to others. Of course, it is desirable that he be in a mask;

The third stage most often marks the beginning of recovery - symptoms decrease in the reverse order of appearance. But sometimes the depleted mucosa cannot protect itself, and then microbes “land” on it, after viral inflammation first occurred.

Source: website Therefore, the answer to the question "how long does a runny nose last in a child" implies two options. The first - about a week with strong immunity and the second - for an arbitrarily long time - with a weak level of immune protection, since it passes into the chronic stage.

The frequency of the disease also affects the rate of recovery. If you are concerned about frequent snot in a child, then this may simply be the course of chronic rhinitis with long periods of relatively pronounced remission.

How to properly treat a runny nose in a child?

To do this, you need to follow a soft, physiological approach, and in no case do harm with your activities.

The dangers of prescribing coarse vasoconstrictor drugs at the very beginning of treatment and antibiotics have already been mentioned.

Therefore, it is possible to provide a general scheme, according to which it is necessary to act from the onset of the disease until the “critical point” is reached, which occurs approximately on the 4th or 5th day from the onset of the disease.

It is during this period that it will be clear whether your treatment has reached the goal, or whether you need to call a doctor and connect stronger drugs to the treatment.

Principles of correct and reasonable treatment

If you look at the instructions for children's drugs for intranasal administration (numerous sprays, metered drops), you will notice that the approach to treating an infant at the age of 8-9 months will differ in both approach and dosage of drugs from the principles of treating children, say , preschool age - at 5 or 6 years.

to toilet the nasal passages at the first the appearance of rhinorrhea and shortness of breath, especially in infants before feeding. This is very important for good nutrition. For the toilet, you need to use turundas made of soft fabric or gauze, which are moistened with a solution of baking soda at the rate of 1 tsp. in a glass of warm water;

then to babies to create immune protection drip into each nostril a drop of mother's milk containing secretory immunoglobulins that protect the baby from microbes and viruses;

if there is no breast milk, you can drip drugs that enhance immunity, or just warm olive or linseed oil;

it is necessary to ensure the constant discharge of mucus, which contains many viral particles. To do this, it must be sufficiently liquid and must not dry out.

Therefore, the child should receive a sufficient amount of liquid inside: the mucous membranes should not dry out. If, however, nasal breathing is impossible due to crusts and stuffy nose, then breathing through the mouth causes a significant loss of moisture through the lungs;

instillation of saline or drops of sea water is next means of combating dryness of the nasal mucosa. You can use oil solutions of fat-soluble vitamins: A and E, even in children 1 year old and earlier.

Their harmlessness allows you to drip as often as you like, especially if there is no ionizer and air humidifier at home: this compensates for dryness, which is very high especially in city apartments in winter, when water heating radiators are very hot.

Medical treatment

The article does not aim to give a comparative overview of all available drugs, so we will limit ourselves to highlighting one or two of the most effective and popular drugs in each group that can be used:

Vasoconstrictor drops

Shown as the main remedy for allergic rhinitis, together with antihistamines:

• "Nazol Baby" and "Nazol Kids Spray" for children from birth and from the age of 6 years;
• "Nazivin" is a remedy that acts for about 12 hours (long-acting).

Antihistamines

• "Fenistil", "Allergodil". These drops are indicated for admission even in babies aged 1 to 2 months;
• "Tizin Allergy". It is used in children older than 5 - 6 years, can also be successfully used by adults;
• "Zirtek" in the form of an intranasal spray relieves swelling and allergic rhinorrhea well, without causing side effects;

Miramistin with a cold in children

On the Internet you can find information that Miramistin can be used as a remedy for a child's cold. The thing is that this is not entirely true: if this drug can be used after unprotected intercourse, then this does not mean at all that it can be poured anywhere.

The following are arguments that refute the effectiveness of this remedy in almost all cases with children's (and adult rhinitis):

• in a market era, the manufacturer would certainly have released Miramistin spray for intranasal use, however, the manufacturing company does not do this;
• the drug is intended to protect the mucosa and destroy bacteria on its entire surface, therefore, with ordinary viral rhinitis, the drug useless. It is effective against hepatitis viruses, HIV, but not adenoviruses;
• with a bacterial complication and serous-purulent discharge, Miramistin will also be ineffective, since it is first desirable to determine the pathogen.

And, although the instructions have indications for the treatment of the oral cavity, and in otolaryngology it is indicated for irrigation of the pharynx and ear, but the drug is not indicated for instillation into the nose according to the instructions.

In addition, Miramistin contributes to the formation of a dry scab in the wound, and for the nasal mucosa, this is extremely harmful, since the pathogen remains in these dried crusts.

Antibiotics for a cold in a child

The use of antibacterial drugs and the precautions associated with them have already been discussed above. Here are some of the best representatives:

Good cold remedy for kids

What to drip into the nose of a child with a cold without regard for safety? What remedy can mom give, hoping for help, but without harm and side effects?

What to do if the child has a runny nose for a long time?

In the event that, against the background of a decrease in immunity, a frequently ill child develops a persistent, protracted, long runny nose, then in this case, he is shown immune preparations containing antiviral protection - interferon and other active components:

In order to quickly cure rhinitis in a child at the initial stage, it is not necessary to use drugs that may have various side effects.

Numerous traditional medicines can be used, which may either prevent the disease from dragging on and becoming chronic , or even prevent the disease even before its first manifestations.

So, for example, going to the bath, warming up the whole body, and drinking tea with raspberries, honey and lime blossom can simply prevent a cold from becoming active in the body due to hypothermia.

Mustard in socks

This method belongs to reflexotherapy techniques. Its meaning is to pour dry mustard powder into a child's socks to improve blood circulation in the feet.

Since the vascular networks in the body are connected by reflexes, this causes an increase in immunity in response to the irritating effect of mustard.

This method can not be used in children under one year old, as well as with an increase in temperature. This is a preventive it can be resorted to only in case of hypothermia, which happened a few hours ago, and, according to the fear and experience of the parents, can turn into a cold.

Mustard is poured 1-2 teaspoons into children's socks at night, and woolen socks are put on top.

saline solution

Salt solution prepared at home is the same saline, provided that it has a concentration of 0.9% salt, which is equivalent to the state of blood plasma. It is very useful with the help of devices to rinse the nose with salt water, heated to 38 - 40 degrees.

In addition to mechanical and atraumatic cleaning of the mucous membrane, water has the ability to draw water out, and after the water, the swelling of the nasal mucosa also goes away.

In the case of multiple drug allergies, the use of saline along with cleansing, moisturizing, warming, can make the disease recede.

Beet juice for a speedy recovery

How to cure a runny nose in a child quickly at home with the help of vegetables? Many believe that for this you need to use raw beetroot juice, which is first settled in the refrigerator, and then instilled into each nostril.

The whole effect of this event will come down to moisturizing the nasal mucosa, and beetroot juice has no advantage over ordinary salted water. In any case, the studies carried out have not shown any acceleration of the period of rhinorrhea with the use of this remedy.

Radish and honey

Juice from black radish with honey has a great immunogenic effect: the top is cut off in the radish, a hole is made in the center. Honey is placed in the hole, again closed with a radish lid.

The whole structure is placed for several hours in a warm place. At this time, juice will stand out in the radish, which must be taken in 1 tbsp. spoon.

It can be used in children from 3-4 years of age, as it strengthens the immune system well and alleviates the course of not only the common cold, but also bronchitis, tonsillitis and other colds.

Essential oils

Preparations such as essential oils can only be used if the child does not have a pronounced allergic history.

After all, essential oils can develop severe bronchospasm. So, it is almost impossible to force a child to breathe essential oils of garlic and onions.

Therefore, a good alternative would be tea tree oil, mint, eucalyptus, lemon. Thuja oil has a good healing effect. This oil is obtained from thuja needles, and it has a pronounced immunomodulatory effect.

In addition, vapors of essential oils are able to moisturize and soften the mucous membrane of not only the nose, but also the bronchi, having a beneficial effect on the ciliary epithelium.

For more information on the use of a nebulizer in the treatment of ENT diseases, you can read the article below:

In addition to treatment:

The main purpose of this article was to make it clear to parents, that in most cases a runny nose (rhinitis) is a natural process

A runny nose so often appears in children of any age that sometimes it seems to be an obligatory accessory of preschool childhood. Perhaps it is this circumstance that makes many parents underestimate the importance of frequent rhinitis in children older than a year.

If a runny nose in an infant should be treated immediately after it occurs, because the baby cannot fully eat and sleep due to a stuffy nose, then rhinitis in children older than a year requires accurate diagnosis and a balanced approach. A common cold, left to chance, can cause.

Runny nose is a disease?

Rhinitis, or runny nose, is an inflammation of the nasal cavities in an acute or chronic form, expressed in a violation of free breathing. The main purpose of the nasal mucosa is to protect the respiratory organs from the penetration of bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic organisms.

Normally, they remain in the mucus of the nasal passages, and then are removed using the ciliated epithelium. If a child has a runny nose, then the protection is weakened by the following factors:

• Hypothermia of the body;
• Irritation by strong odors;
• Dusty or dry air;
• Exposure to cold air.

Having overcome the protective barrier, the virus penetrates the cells of the nasal mucosa, matures and multiplies inside them, and subsequently destroys them. When the bacterial flora joins the contents of the nasal passages, the runny nose moves to the next round of its development.

If it is not possible to quickly get rid of the common cold, it becomes chronic. At the same time, infiltrates appear on the mucosa, it hypertrophies or partially atrophies.

Such an ENT pathology is almost never diagnosed as a separate disease. Most often, chronic or acute rhinitis in children is a symptom of a viral, bacterial infection or allergy.

According to medical statistics, each child of preschool or primary school age suffers from 4 to 9 cases of the common cold per year.

Do not underestimate the possible consequences of protracted rhinitis:

• Slowing down the pace of physical and mental development of the child;
• Decreased academic performance in schoolchildren;
• Sinusitis;
• Pneumonia;
• Bronchial asthma;
• Otitis media.

Diagnosis and treatment of a runny nose in children is carried out by a pediatrician or a pediatric otorhinolaryngologist. For an in-depth examination and specific treatment, it may be necessary to consult an allergist or pulmonologist.

Causes of a runny nose

Most often, rhinitis in children is caused by rhino- and adenoviruses, influenza viruses, streptococci and staphylococci, pathogens of respiratory infections. Rarely, a runny nose can be caused by fungi and bacteria that provoke the appearance of tuberculosis, gonorrhea, as well as chlamydia, mycoplasma.

The main causes of children's runny nose:

• Infection of a child with influenza, adenovirus infection, diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningitis, measles;
• Decrease in the protective function of the nasal mucosa due to tonsillitis, sinusitis, inflammation of the adenoids;
• Side effect of vaccination;
• catarrhal diathesis;
• Exposure to allergens (plant pollen, house dust, animal dander, food);
• Anatomical features (polyps of the nasal cavity, curvature of the nasal septum);
• Disorder of neurovegetative regulation of blood supply to the nasal cavity due to prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drugs;
• Vascular neurosis.

The causes of possible complications of rhinitis are associated with age-related features of the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract. If a one-year-old child has no maxillary sinuses, then in children of early preschool age they are just beginning to form.

At the age of 5-8 years, their size is minimal, the maxillary sinuses reach their optimal size by the age of 16. As a result, improper treatment of rhinitis in children under 7 years of age is complicated by otitis media, and in adolescents by sinusitis.

Classification of rhinitis and its symptoms

If we classify rhinitis in children according to the form of the course, acute and chronic are distinguished. The division of cases of rhinitis according to the course of pathology is seasonal, paroxysmal and permanent.

In an acute form, the pathological process develops rapidly. A burning sensation, itching appears in the nose, the nasal passages are blocked, abundant mucus flows from them.

The child begins to sneeze, tears flow from the eyes, a headache appears. The continuous flow of mucus with a prolonged runny nose leads to irritation of the wings of the nose and the skin of the upper lip.

Since the natural drainage of the nasal cavity is impaired, and the ciliated epithelium does not perform its functions, the bacterial flora actively develops in the nasal passages. This can be judged by the changed color of the mucous secretions - it acquires a yellow-green color, becomes cloudy.

After a few days, acute symptoms subside, the volume of mucus decreases, nasal breathing improves. If it is possible to prevent a runny nose at an early stage, on the 6-7th day the symptoms of rhinitis subside, the acute form ends with recovery.

A cough and a hoarse voice in a child against the background of the above symptoms indicate that the infection has penetrated the pharynx, larynx, trachea, or lower - into the bronchopulmonary region. Such complications are common in weakened children with reduced immunity.

The main types of rhinitis in children - classification by etiology:

Simple catarrhal rhinitis.

Symptoms are less pronounced - nasal breathing is disturbed, alternately one or the other nostril is blocked, mucopurulent discharge is constantly present. When the mucus flows into the nasopharynx, the child snores in his sleep, begins to cough, he may vomit.

Hypertrophic rhinitis.

Nasal breathing is difficult all the time, there is a headache, impaired hearing, voice and smell. Hypertrophic protracted runny nose in a child of school age leads to increased fatigue and reduced academic performance.

Vasomotor rhinitis.

It is diagnosed in younger schoolchildren and adolescents due to impaired regulation of the blood supply to the nasal cavities. Symptoms - copious flow of mucus, frequent sneezing, periodic obstruction of the nasal passages, tachycardia, sweating, headache attacks.

Attacks of vasomotor rhinitis occur after stressful situations, due to temperature changes, sudden changes in the external environment.

(ozena), or offensive coryza.

Nasal breathing is disturbed, viscous mucus and coarse crusts with an unpleasant odor accumulate in the nose. With atrophy of the bone walls, the nose can be deformed.

allergic rhinitis.

It occurs as a reaction to the introduction of an allergen into the body - more often pollen of plants, trees and cereals, less often - house dust and mold fungi. The child often sneezes, itches in the nose, copious nasal discharge appears, sleep and appetite are disturbed.

The pathological process is not limited to the nasal cavity, it captures the maxillary sinuses, so the more accurate name for such a runny nose is rhinosinusitis.

Approximately 40% of all cases of the common cold in children are caused by the action of allergens. Therefore, wondering why a child does not have a runny nose for a long time, it is worth seeking advice from an allergist.

How to treat a child's runny nose?

Since rhinitis is most often a symptom of some kind of pathology, the main attention is paid to the treatment of this disease. With a runny nose caused by a cold, Grippferon in the form of drops or spray has an excellent antiviral and immunomodulatory effect.

The choice of treatment regimen for the common cold depends on the age of the child, on the anatomical features of the respiratory system of preschoolers, younger students and adolescents.

Treatment of the common cold in preschool children (from one to 7 years)

If rhinitis is caused by viruses, the most effective remedy for viral rhinitis for preschool children is expectant management. It is worth being patient and waiting for 4-5 days for the child's immunity to independently suppress the viral infection.

Refusal of drugs in this case will enable the immune system to get stronger and subsequently avoid frequent relapses of rhinitis.

How to make breathing easier with a runny nose in children 1-7 years old:

• Ventilate the child's room more often;
• Maintain a stable humidity of 50-60% in it;
• Do not force-feed the baby if he has no appetite;
• Remove excess mucus;
• Provide your child with plenty of warm fluids.

If after 5 days the symptoms of rhinitis do not subside, drug treatment is applied. At this age, washing the nose with a runny nose should be avoided, since the drug, injected under pressure into the nasal passages, together with the infected mucus, easily penetrates the middle ear and causes otitis media.

For symptomatic treatment, vasoconstrictor baby drops with anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects are used. It is important to remember that drugs of this type are not used for longer than 5 days in order to avoid addiction.

Effective cold drops for children from one to seven years old:

• Vibrocil;
• Brizolin;
• Otrivin baby;
• Nazol baby.

If rhinitis is caused by excessive dryness in the room, saline solutions will help ease the child's breathing at night and during the day ( Aqua Maris, Physiomer). It is important to use this children's remedy for a runny nose in the form of a nasal shower - do not wash them, but just irrigate the nose.

Steam inhalations are very effective if a runny nose does not go away for a long time in a child 3-7 years old and older. For inhalations, infusions of medicinal herbs (sage, chamomile, coltsfoot, eucalyptus, licorice) are used.

Popular methods of treating children's rhinitis are widely used, such as instillation into the nose of the following remedies:

• Sea buckthorn, black cumin, rosehip oil;
• Carrot juice with olive oil;

When using a folk remedy for acute or chronic rhinitis in children, you should make sure that the baby is not allergic. If a child snores after a runny nose, he develops a cough or sore throat, rubbing with Doctor Mom (from 3 years old) is used, orally Erespal in the form of syrup or tablets.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis begins with the elimination of the allergen, the removal of prohibited foods from the menu, and the termination of contact with animals.

Therapy for this condition includes the use of antihistamines in the form of tablets (Desloratadine, Clarotadine, Fenistil), glucocorticosteroids (Nasonex), Vibrocil drops with antiallergic action.

Treatment of the common cold in children 8-16 years old

How to treat a starting runny nose in a teenager and in a child of primary school age? To remove mucus and to prevent sinusitis in children of this age, the nose is washed with an isotonic solution. For the same purposes, the nasal cavity is irrigated with antiseptics (Protargol) and vasoconstrictors based on oxymetazoline.

For washing the nose, use:

• Salt solution (1 tsp per 1 liter of water);
• Decoctions of medicinal herbs (calendula, St. John's wort, coltsfoot, chamomile), oak bark.

Otherwise, the treatment of rhinitis does not differ from similar therapy in young children.

Uncontrolled treatment of a protracted runny nose in children causes atrophy of nasal tissues, allergies, and drug-induced rhinitis. To prevent relapse, infections should be treated in a timely manner, the child should be hardened, and harmful factors should be excluded.

If a kindergarten or school begins to vaccinate, then be sure to check with your doctor. In almost all cases, vaccination is contraindicated.

Good nutrition, gymnastics, the optimal microclimate in the rooms where the children are, will significantly reduce the likelihood of relapse.