Dizziness nausea incoordination cause. Severe dizziness and nausea loss of coordination

Dizziness in combination with a number of other symptoms may indicate in favor of intracranial hypertension.

Worried about nausea and dizziness? In such a situation, even people far from medicine offer a woman to take a pregnancy test.

However, the cause of these symptoms is not always so joyful, and not only women of the reproductive period suffer from such an ailment. Most often, elderly people turn to the doctor with complaints of dizziness and concomitant nausea. Studies show that the diagnosis is made quickly (in almost 90% of cases only on the basis of history data): cerebrovascular insufficiency. Who doesn't have it?

Indeed, this is one of the causes of dizziness, but its frequency is greatly exaggerated. Patients start taking vascular drugs, but there is no result.

In this article, you can find the answer about the most common causes of these symptoms and the principles of differential diagnosis.

Relevance of the problem

Approximately 10-16% of patients regularly turn to therapists and neurologists with complaints of dizziness and often accompanying nausea. About half of them are pensioners, 30% are intellectual workers, and the rest are manual workers. Women suffer from dizziness (or go to the doctor) much more often: in 75% of cases. Dizziness significantly affects the quality of life: 40% of those who go to the doctor experience it daily and another 40% several times a week, and 10% constantly. One in five patients experience symptoms so severe that they interfere with their ability to work, and people are forced to stay at home. In 10% of reported cases, seizures were accompanied by loss of consciousness.

In St. Petersburg, a large study was conducted: patients with complaints of dizziness and concomitant nausea visited a therapist. He diagnosed and prescribed treatment. Then diagnostic studies were carried out, as a result of which the diagnosis was checked and corrected.

It turned out that in 40% of cases the conclusion of the therapist was as follows: "Discirculatory encephalopathy against the background of atherosclerosis and hypertension." This pathology was confirmed only in 10% of patients in this group. The diagnostic error was that conclusions were made only on the basis of complaints, age, anamnesis, and taking into account risk factors.

Thus, despite the fact that only a doctor can understand the causes of dizziness and nausea, it is sometimes very difficult for a district therapist - a primary care specialist - to do this. Here you need to take into account several features:

It is not necessary to start treatment immediately after the conclusion established on the basis of complaints and anamnesis;
It is necessary to check the preliminary diagnosis, no matter how obvious it may seem (due to age and other risk factors), using laboratory and instrumental methods;
A neurologist and an otolaryngologist have a wider arsenal of opportunities for differential diagnosis than a general practitioner.

It is very important to take into account the complexity of the structure of the vestibular analyzer, its connections with the central nervous system and the variety of diseases accompanied by a similar clinic.

In this regard, a competent diagnosis of conditions manifested by dizziness and nausea consists of several stages:

First, the type of dizziness is clarified. Based on this, an initial conclusion is made about the lesion of which organ system it is caused by (vestibular or not);
secondly, differential diagnostics is carried out in one of the areas:

If the etiology is not associated with the vestibular apparatus, then there is a therapeutic examination of the nervous, cardiovascular and other organs and systems.
If dizziness is of vestibular etiology, then it is determined whether it has a central or peripheral genesis;

thirdly, the nosological form of the disease is specified.

What is dizziness?

The question of how a person feels that he is dizzy, what exactly he feels, seems very strange. However, it is he who should be the first to be asked by the doctor.

The fact is that the concept of "dizziness" implies a feeling of instability and rotation in the space of one's own body or surrounding objects. According to research, dizziness is often referred to as slightly different sensations:

severe weakness or fainting;
emptiness in the head;
ringing in the ears;
shrouds in front of you;
darkening in the eyes;
inability to concentrate;
severe anxiety;
nausea, etc.

If the doctor does not determine what meaning of the word "dizziness" the person has in mind, the diagnosis may be incorrect. Therefore, adequate treatment will not be received.

As practice shows, there is a high percentage of incorrectly diagnosed "" or "suffered a stroke", and even disability for this reason. While the cause of dizziness is a completely different disease that can be cured fairly quickly.

Classification of dizziness

Non-systemic dizziness

According to statistics, ¾ of patients who go to the doctor with vegetative disorders complain of dizziness, which has nothing to do with the illusion of rotation of one's own body or objects around. If the described clinic does not correspond to the picture of true dizziness, its cause should be sought not in the system of the vestibular apparatus, but in others, in particular:

pathologies of the nervous system (dyscirculatory encephalopathy, circulatory failure of the vertebrobasilar zone, polyneuropathy and other diseases);
disorders of the cardiovascular system (arrhythmias, heart failure);
disorders of the functioning of the organs of internal secretion (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease);
diseases of the organs of vision (myopia, presbyopia);
anemia, etc.

The variety of diseases that are accompanied by severe dizziness and nausea requires painstaking differential diagnosis in order to identify the exact cause.

Systemic dizziness

A quarter of patients, when contacting a doctor, complain of true, or vestibular vertigo. It is often accompanied by other autonomic disorders:

nausea, vomiting;
hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating);
changes in heart rate, fluctuations in blood pressure;
nystagmus (involuntary rhythmic oscillatory movements of the eyeballs).

There are the following types of systemic dizziness:

When you feel yourself rotating in the environment - proprioceptive;
With the illusion of "swinging on the waves", "falling" down, uneven support - tactile;
With the apparent rotation of surrounding objects - visual.

According to the level of damage, central and peripheral vestibular syndromes (CVS and PVS) are distinguished.

CVS is characterized by the following features:

Occurs in the pathology of vestibular formations in the brain.
Vertigo is not very strong, but long-lasting (maybe several days).
In acute processes affecting the vestibular nuclei, there may be a sensation of strong rotation. Residual symptoms of a violation of the vestibular apparatus can last for years.
Hearing disorders are rare, associated with lesions of the midbrain. With it, bilateral hearing loss appears.
Nystagmus that occurs with PCV has some differences:

it can be multiple (i.e., the movement of the eyeballs is carried out in different planes - vertical, diagonal, converging);
in one eye the nystagmus is brighter than in the other;
upper limbs and body deviate towards nystagmus or remain in place.

PVS is diagnosed by the following features:

Its cause is damage to the inner ear, vestibular ganglion and root of the 8th pair of cranial nerves.
Dizziness is accompanied by vivid sensations of rotation, pronounced vegetative disorders in the form of nausea, vomiting, but lasts maximum during the day.
In the interrecurrent period, the clinic is absent. Residual dysfunction passes quickly.
Hearing acuity is usually reduced, noise in the ear is disturbing.
Nystagmus is characterized by the following differences:

spontaneous oscillatory movements of the eyeballs are limited to the horizontal plane;
on the right and on the left, the amplitude and frequency of oscillations are the same;
arms and body deviate in the opposite direction of nystagmus.

The next step is to bring all the symptoms together. If they fit into the framework of one pathology, then the disease acquires a certain nosological form. If not, then only the level of the lesion is specified in the diagnosis.

The most common but rarely diagnosed vertigo nosologies

The stage of diagnosis for non-systemic vertigo is solved quite effectively, and disorders of the peripheral part of the vestibular apparatus are often hidden under the guise of other non-systemic diseases.

A special place is occupied by psychogenic dizziness. According to American researchers, this species ranks second among other causes. It develops both in the presence of the disease, and in its absence.

In people after forty years of age, the so-called vertebrogenic dizziness is common. This type of vestibular disorder is often confused with cervical osteochondrosis.

A common cause of dizziness are acute (labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis) and chronic (sensorineural hearing loss,) ear diseases, among which otitis media occupies an important place.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

This pathology has been known since 1952, and in 17-35% of cases it is the main cause of dizziness. However, in the Russian medical literature, it is poorly covered, so more often a bright and specific onset of the disease is mistaken for a stroke.

With certain rotations of the body or head, there is a sensation of strong rotation, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and nystagmus. Attacks are violent, almost daily, but usually not very long (maximum within one minute). When a person changes the position of the body, the manifestations of the disease stop.

Dizziness is provoked by the following movements:

if a person lies on his back;
gets out of bed and assumes an upright position;
turns from back to side;
throws his head back;
tilts head or body forward.

Nystagmus is directed towards the ground. Hearing is usually not affected.

Vascular drugs, abundantly prescribed for the treatment of the so-called stroke, do not help with this pathology. The cause of BPPV is the movement of ear stones into the ampullar receptor of the semicircular tubules and its irritation. In the normal state, otoliths act as "weights" in the perception of gravity and acceleration. If they break away from the membrane, they provoke an attack.

Diagnosis of the disease is confirmed by the Dix-Hallpike test. It is informative and quite simply performed, however, as practice shows, only ENT doctors are familiar with it.

The treatment of this disease is quite simple: fragments of ear stones in 80% of cases return to their place during a special vestibular maneuver. The doctor (usually an otolaryngologist) performs a certain alternation of head and torso rotations.

Vertebrogenic vestibulopathy

Based on the patient's complaints about dizziness associated with turning or tilting the head, a preliminary diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is made. If the x-ray picture is confirmed, then the diagnosis is made. Dizziness is explained by insufficiency of cerebral circulation, which occurs as a result of squeezing of the vessels running in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. And no one seems strange that dizziness is the only sign of cerebral ischemia. Usually, with a true violation of the blood circulation of the brain, there are changes in the functioning of other organs and systems of central origin. Vision, hearing, balance, changes in sensitivity or motor function of the upper or lower extremities, numbness of the facial areas may be detected.

With ultrasound of the vessels of the neck and brain and MRI, the absence of signs of cerebral ischemia can be detected. In this case, the cause of short-term dizziness is vertebrogenically caused vestibulopathy.

With age, not only the bone-cartilaginous system undergoes changes, but also the receptor system: degenerative disorders affect the mechanoreceptors, which provide information to the vestibular system. As a result, the vestibular apparatus receives incorrect signals about the position of the head, which is accompanied by the occurrence of short-term dizziness. This is complemented by conflicting information about the distance to objects coming from the organs of vision to the cerebral cortex, which is associated with age-related farsightedness.

Vestibular neuronitis

Due to some features, a viral etiology of the disease is assumed:

seasonal: peak occurs at the end of spring;
signs of epidemic damage: often several members of the family fall ill.

The attack occurs suddenly, accompanied by severe vegetative symptoms, lasts from several hours to several days. The resulting nystagmus corresponds to all the characteristics of PVS. A person loses the ability to move, as any attempt to change the position of the body is accompanied by a strong attack. Interestingly, the symptoms may decrease with fixation of the gaze.

Sometimes the attack may be preceded by a slight dizziness that occurs in a few hours. It persists for quite a long time after the attack in the form of residual effects.

Psychogenic dizziness

The expression "head spinning with happiness" is one of the characteristics of psychogenic dizziness (PG). Unfortunately, patients with this diagnosis rarely feel dizzy for joyful reasons.

The complexity of diagnosis lies in the fact that PG can enhance the existing clinic of vestibular or non-systemic dizziness, or disturb the patient in the absence of organic causes for such symptoms.

In the first case, it can manifest itself as a response to stress in connection with the emergence of a clinical picture of the disease, and in the second, it can accompany mental disorders or certain types of neuroses.

Psychopathy does not always appear immediately when contacting a doctor. Usually, patients complain of non-systemic dizziness, then autonomic disorders appear in the form of nausea, vomiting, hyperhidrosis, etc. Over time, the symptoms are aggravated by the appearance of anxiety, sleep problems, and emotional disorders.

Typically, an attack provokes stress, but patients rarely tell the doctor about this, as they associate personality changes with existing dizziness and their excitement about it.

The most common type of PH is phobic postural vertigo. A person complains of coordination disorders, but their signs are not detected. He has a fear of falling, although the facts themselves have not been recorded. Usually, anxiety occurs in certain places, which provokes an attack of dizziness and autonomic disorders.

With such a diagnosis, psychotherapy is of great help.

TV channel “Russia-1”, program “About the most important thing”, topic “Dizziness: find your cause”

TVC channel, program "Doctor I" on the topic "Vertigo":

A sharp loss of coordination, clouding in the eyes, a feeling as if everything around is spinning and “floating”, is called dizziness. Many reasons can cause this symptom. It is very dangerous when the dizziness of the head is felt with normal blood pressure. In this case, it is necessary not only to know how to properly provide assistance, but also to urgently identify the cause of this ailment.

What is dizziness

Before finding out what has become, it is necessary to determine whether it is dizziness. Vertigo (the medical term for the ailment in question) is when a person has the feeling that he himself is rotating around his axis, while standing still, or something happens to nearby people or surrounding objects. It causes a disruption in the functioning of the brain, more specifically, the vestibular apparatus, but already it can be provoked by various reasons.

Note!

Nausea always accompanies dizziness!

Often people complain that they feel dizzy, but in fact, these are completely different ailments. For example, if it “darkened” in the eyes and there was a short-term clouding of consciousness during a sharp rise from the bed, this is not dizziness. This is an orthostatic collapse that provokes a sharp outflow of blood from the head, and can be caused by a decrease in hemoglobin, impaired muscle tone, shock, severe pain, approaching an epileptic seizure.

You can not talk about vertigo if only:

weakness;
a sharp attack of nausea;
instability;
movement disorder;
feeling of impending fainting;
confused consciousness;
slow slurred speech.

Symptoms and signs

When a person feels movement around objects, this is accompanied by additional symptoms. In addition to nausea, it can be:

uncoordinated eye movements;
vomit;
increased sweating;
weakness;
hearing impairment (as if the person is in a vacuum);
difficulty speaking;
clouding of consciousness;
weakness.

Sensations can last from a few seconds to several hours, appear regularly or only a couple of times in a lifetime.

Fact!

Sometimes dizziness is so severe that a person cannot get out of bed for several days.

What causes dizziness and dizziness if blood pressure is normal

In women, against the background of high or low blood pressure, dizziness is quite common. But sometimes the pressure is completely irrelevant. Then the cause of dizziness is:

inflammatory processes in the inner ear. It is here that the vestibular apparatus is located, which regulates movements and is responsible for coordination. Head spinning can cause otitis media or Meniere's symptom, or physical trauma to the ear can also be the cause;
brain pathology. It can be infections, tumors, injuries, concussions;
. If the vertebral discs are displaced in the neck, this worsens blood flow, prevents oxygen from entering the brain, and as a result, dizziness;
mental disorders. It doesn't have to be serious health problems. It can be stress, panic, fear, phobias;
taking medication. Most often this applies to antidepressants, as well as some drugs that have a narcotic effect.

Fact!

Urine and blood tests are mandatory.

Before prescribing treatment, you must:

detect or rule out anemia;
determine the level of sugar and glucose in the blood;
make a cardiogram to identify problems with;
test for vestibular disorders.

If dizziness is rare, the patient will be asked to come after a while to repeat the examination. In severe situations, it is possible to be placed in a hospital for ongoing monitoring.

Vertigo treatment

After the announcement of the diagnosis, treatment is prescribed.

Most often, these are tranquilizers, antihistamines and vestibulolytic drugs (melosin, lorazepam, diazepam, promezine, etc.). Medicines help to get rid of panic attacks, depression, anxiety, and other effects of stress.

Quite often, patients are prescribed metoclopramide or some other drugs that help prevent vomiting attacks.

Antispasmodics and antihistamines help relieve pain, itching and other unpleasant symptoms that make the patient even more nervous.

Note!

All drugs have contraindications and can cause side effects, so you can take them only after being prescribed by a doctor.

medical approach

If the cause of dizziness with normal blood pressure is established, treatment is more targeted:

Need to know!

Medications should only be taken after they have been prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication is unacceptable!

Folk remedies

Dizziness at normal pressure can also be removed with the help of traditional medicine recipes:

chayn. pour a spoonful of red clover flowers with a glass of boiling water, cover, leave to cool completely. Strain, take on the table. spoon 4 times a day;
chop the fern leaves, pour boiling water at the rate of a glass per tablespoon. When cool, strain, take on the table. spoon 20 minutes before meals;
regularly lay out cotton pads moistened with camphor in the room.

Take note!

A diet with a high content of nuts, legumes, cucumbers and cheese helps to restore the functioning of the vestibular apparatus.

Special exercises aimed at the rehabilitation of the vestibular apparatus help to speed up recovery.

The task of therapeutic gymnastics is:

increase the strength and endurance of the body;
restore a sense of balance;
coordinate hand and eye movements.

Every day, after waking up, you need to do exercises for the eyes. It's very simple. It is enough to look up and down, right and left, without moving your head. The first time, a few seconds are enough, gradually the time must be increased.

The same movements should be done with the head. First with open, then with closed eyes.

Sitting on a stool with a flat hard surface, tilt your head back, and then bend over and touch the floor with your fingers. Gradually, the exercise can be complicated and not touch the floor, but lift the ball or any other object.

How to relieve dizziness

When the head suddenly starts to spin, a person starts to panic, and this worsens the situation even more. It's good to have loved ones around to help. But you need to be ready to help yourself and on your own.

Lie down or sit in a comfortable position. Unfasten the buttons on the shirt or belt so that nothing squeezes the body and does not interfere with breathing. Close your eyes and try to relax as much as possible, breathe slowly but deeply. You don't have to stop vomiting. Usually after an attack it becomes easier.

It is advisable to moisten the face and temples with water or a damp cloth.

When it becomes easier, do not rush to get up. It is also better not to make sudden movements. It is best to call your family or friends and ask them to help you get home. If it does not get better, or the attack does not repeat for the first time, you need to call an ambulance.

Note!

Dizziness can be caused by medication. Read the instructions carefully before taking the drug.

Forecast

Dizziness with normal blood pressure is often left without due attention, attributing everything to a change in the weather and other reasons. But if you do not take the necessary measures, everything can end even with a fatal outcome.

So, dizziness due to ear problems can go away on its own, like the disease itself, or it can make a person incapacitated. Defeat is even more dangerous. Dizziness may indicate a stroke or other equally serious problems.

And the symptom itself is dangerous. If you suddenly feel dizzy, you can fall, get seriously injured, get into an accident or provoke one.

Those who regularly feel such symptoms need to follow increased safety measures both at home and on the street:

do not make sudden movements;
wear comfortable shoes and clothes;
have a bottle of camphor and water with you;
eat normally, do not allow the feeling of hunger;
at home, take care of the absence of sharp corners, remove objects from the floor that can be caught on;
do not drink alcohol, coffee, reduce the amount of salt;
get enough sleep, lead a healthy lifestyle;
protect yourself from stress;
drink more water.

In chronic dizziness, it is necessary to refuse to work on equipment that requires increased attention, and from driving.

Vertigo with normal blood pressure indicates serious problems in the body. Faced with an attack at least twice, seek help from a doctor.

The appearance of nausea and dizziness is usually associated with disorders of the digestive tract. Meanwhile, the combination of such symptoms may indicate a number of serious diseases or organic disorders that require immediate medical attention.

Any pathological process that occurs in the body due to external influences or organic causes causes a physiological response (the rate of metabolic processes changes, energy costs are reduced to the maximum). These measures mobilize the protective properties of the body and its ability to withstand negative influences, the so-called reactivity of the body.

Nausea is a kind of reflex signal of distress, a sign of serious health disorders (in this case, disorientation), a physiological way of temporarily “turning off” the stomach and the entire digestive tract. As a rule, it is accompanied by an acceleration of the heart rate and slowing of breathing.

Balance Keepers

The ability to walk upright, maintain balance with closed eyes and in any position is provided by the vestibular, visual and musculoskeletal apparatus of a person in a complex through their nerve receptors. The signals coming from them are received by a special part of the brain - the cerebellum, the main analyzer that coordinates the work of this complex. A failure on any segment of the chain that conducts or generates nerve impulses can theoretically cause coordination disorders, including in combination with nausea.

About 80 diseases have this unpleasant symptom. Most often, it is caused by various functional disorders.

Why is the head spinning

Understanding how the mechanism of spatial orientation of each of us works, we can assume the following reasons for its failures:

diseases of the nervous system responsible for the transmission of nerve signals to the brain (neuritis, neuronitis, diseases of the spine, consequences of head injuries, especially delayed ones, viral damage to the nervous tissue);
diseases of the inner ear;
ophthalmic diseases that cause distortion of visual images;
circulatory disorders of the inner ear and brain;
complications of a number of infectious diseases (inflammatory processes) in the form of edema and compression of the brain tissue.

The quality of the blood supply to the brain and inner ear depends on the amount and composition of the blood entering them, the configuration and size of the lumen of the vessels. These figures may be influenced by the following factors:

diseases of the cardiovascular system (failures in the rhythm of heartbeats, various defects, hypertension);
endocrine disorders;
anemia;
increased blood viscosity;
starvation and dehydration;
intoxication (food poisoning, self-poisoning of the body due to renal and (and) liver failure, the effects of radiation and chemotherapy, cancer itself);
neoplasms localized in the brain and neck;
aneurysms of large cerebral vessels;
spasm, vasoconstriction of the brain (in elderly patients - atherosclerosis);
vertebral artery syndrome.

Blood viscosity is affected by the level of "bad" cholesterol.

When dizziness "hides" in the ear

The most important part of the vestibular apparatus is the so-called cochlea, which is part of the human inner ear, the size of a grain of rice. It is densely covered with nerve receptors that act as sensitive "touch sensors". The cochlea contains the so-called membrane and 3 semicircular canals, which are semicircles of microscopic hollow tubes oriented in 3 planes.

In the cavity of the cochlea are microscopic (the size of an erythrocyte) calcium crystals - otoliths. Figuratively speaking, otoliths are like fine sand in a closed vessel. When a person stands still, "sand" lies at the bottom of this vessel. When a person lies down, the sand begins to pour onto his wall, which takes a horizontal position. At the same time, its receptors are activated, the signals from which are transmitted to the brain in the form of nerve impulses: information about a change in position is “formed” there. Thus, the slightest movement of the otoliths causes a reaction of the receptors.

Important! The otolithic membrane and the system of semicircular tubules are supplied with blood from different "sources", and the membrane is more sensitive to its deficiency.

The physiological norm is the location of otoliths on the membrane. As a result of traumatic brain injury, excessive stress, or due to age-related changes, otoliths enter the semicircular tubules, activating the receptors located there. The brain receives inconsistent signals both from the tubules (about moving in three planes at once, since there are 3 tubules), and from the otolithic membrane. The inability of the brain to coordinate the movements of the body in such a situation causes disorientation.

Varieties of dizziness

Dizziness is a condition in which there is a sensation of movement around the body or movement of the body around surrounding objects. Allocate systemic (or true, cerebral) and non-systemic dizziness. Diagnostic techniques and therapeutic methods for these symptoms are fundamentally different.

Dizziness is classified as systemic, when the patient can clearly describe the nature of his sensations: rotation of the surrounding space to the right, left, a feeling of falling down, a continuous rise up. This is a symptom of damage to certain parts of the nervous system or the inner ear.

Non-systemic dizziness, strictly speaking, is not. It sharply differs from the systemic one in the severity and nature of sensations, they are fuzzy and very “approximate”: this is a short-term darkening in the eyes, a feeling of swaying, weakness in the whole body, faintness, unsteadiness and unsteadiness of gait.

This instability is often mistaken for true dizziness and fainting, when the floor literally "leaves" from under the feet. Pre-fainting is characterized by symptoms such as blanching and cold sweat. A headache can be a harbinger of loss of consciousness. Such conditions are a symptom of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

When it comes to endocrine disorders

Dizziness and nausea can signal endocrine disorders such as:

diabetes mellitus (sharp fluctuations in glucose levels are especially dangerous);
Hypothyroidism (an insufficiency of the thyroid gland) often accompanies loss of appetite, chilliness, dryness, and flaking of the skin.

Sudden changes in the hormonal background of a person can lead to an increase in the tone of the vascular walls.

Mental disorders

The sense of balance is the most ancient sense of man, therefore its loss causes panic and fear, sometimes even the fear of death.

Emotional overload, mental trauma, emotional distress, panic, anxiety, overwork often acquire "bodily" symptoms. Such symptoms are called psychosomatic pathologies. People prone to neuroses may experience negative olfactory or visual sensations, the result of which is the so-called psychogenic nausea.

Note! Depression and prolonged stress can cause dizziness. These causes even stand out in a separate category called depressive disorders.

The long-term nature of the symptom (up to several years) signals the psychosomatic nature of dizziness and nausea. Mental illnesses in rare cases cause taste hallucinations, taste perversions. Such symptoms are stopped by the appointment of sedatives.

Causes of dizziness, called systemic

Systemic vertigo causes a rather narrow range of diseases, the most common of which are:

Syndrome of benign positional paroxysmal (paroxysmal) vertigo (BPPV). It occurs with a sharp change in the position of the body, causing clearly conscious sensations. The disease is treated quite easily, and its manifestations are not intense. Possible short-term hearing loss in patients. Manifestations of such dizziness sometimes last up to 2 days. There are simple techniques, the so-called vestibular gymnastics - a maneuver by which the otoliths move to the so-called mouth (back to the otolithic membrane).

Meniere's disease characterized by such severe dizziness that a person is sometimes unable to move, work, get out of bed. Loss of stability in Meniere's disease is always accompanied by nausea and sometimes vomiting. The patient is disturbed by ringing (or noise) in the ears, up to hearing loss, and more often on the one hand. The disease is associated with the accumulation of fluid, swelling and inflammation of the semicircular canals. The disease requires intensive care (diuretics are prescribed to relieve swelling). A severe attack lasts 2-3 hours, then the patient's condition is completely normal until the next attack. In general, vertigo attacks are longer than with BPPV.
Damage to the nerves that conduct nerve impulses from the semicircular canals. Nerve damage can be toxic in nature (poisons, alcohol). Sometimes nerve lesions cause benign canal tumors, so-called neuromas. The miniature size of the semicircular tubules is the reason for the early onset of symptoms of neurinoma: a growing tumor quickly fills the volume of the canal, causing compression of the surrounding tissues and dizziness. Neurinomas can be observed in people of any age, and in women more often. Diagnosis of neuromas is easily carried out using CT and MRI.
Tumor, inflammatory lesions or stroke of the temporal region of the brain containing auditory analyzers. This area of the brain is responsible for receiving and processing auditory sensations. Bilateral hearing loss or tinnitus in both ears is a sign of such lesions.

Diagnosis of systemic disorders of coordination involves the use of a number of instrumental studies.

Why non-systemic dizziness occurs

Non-systemic dizziness is caused by a wide range of diseases. The most likely causes of such dizziness are:

panic attack;
cardiac problems;
dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms of diseases of the cardiovascular system associated with impaired coordination look like this:

pain under the scapula, sudden general weakness in combination with shortness of breath may accompany myocardial infarction;
a feeling of fullness in the head or a dull headache, combined with nausea, indicates a sharp jump in blood pressure.

If a heart rhythm failure leads to a loss of balance, this is a formidable sign indicating a deficiency in the blood supply to the brain. A clear control of the heart rate at such moments is vital.

vertebral artery syndrome

The term osteochondrosis refers to irreversible (usually degenerative) changes in the cartilaginous tissue of the spinal column. Osteochondrosis can cause a symptom such as dizziness, in case of narrowing (squeezing) of the largest vessel supplying the brain with blood. The narrowing of the artery is congenital, and for the time being does not reveal itself. Diagnosis of the state of the vessels of the neck is carried out by ultrasound. Blood flow disorders are less likely to cause herniated and displaced intervertebral discs (protrusion).

disturbing aura

Loss of coordination may precede migraine - unbearable throbbing pain, concentrated in half of the head or temples, eyeballs, neck. Along with other manifestations - visual (distortion of the contours of objects), auditory (ringing in the ears), sensitive (tingling, feeling of crawling), motor (involuntary twitching of the limbs, inability to take a certain position) - coordination disorders and a feeling of nausea make up the so-called aura ( a kind of overture), which in 20% of cases precedes an attack. The development (increase of symptoms) of the aura lasts 5-20 minutes and lasts about an hour. All of her symptoms are reversible.

Frequent migraine attacks can be the first signs of a brain tumor or a manifestation of congenital pathology in the form of vascular glomeruli, abnormal intertwining of brain vessels (malformations) and require medical attention, especially if the pain does not stop for more than a day.

Tick-borne encephalitis

Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral infection resulting from the bite of an encephalitic tick. With this disease, the gray matter of the brain is affected, persistent neurological complications occur. In the absence of adequate therapy, the disease leads to partial or complete disability of a person and even death.

All forms of this dangerous infection are accompanied by high fever (up to 38°-40°) for several days, increasing headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, increased skin sensitivity, involuntary muscle twitching.

The initial manifestations of the disease are very similar to the flu. The reliable fact of a tick bite, the intensity and specificity of the manifestations, coupled with laboratory data, make it possible to unambiguously make a diagnosis.

Hypertensive crisis

A hypertensive crisis is a sudden and rapid increase in blood pressure. The developed disease gives such neurological signs as dull pain localized in the back of the head, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, flashing black dots before the eyes. There may be a short-term loss of vision and short convulsions, chills, or, conversely, excessive sweating, weakness and a feeling of weakness.

A specific sign of an increase in blood pressure is redness of the face and an overexcited state of a person.

Important! Normal blood pressure values are very individual, but complications in a hypertensive crisis can develop with any blood pressure.

Stroke

Stroke is the most dangerous complication of hypertension, a consequence of a sharp increase in blood pressure. Acute disorders of cerebral circulation often lead to tragic irreversible consequences. Intensive therapy during the first hour of illness minimizes the consequences of a brain catastrophe. Compliance with the medical principle "the first hour is the golden hour" is vital here.

Common symptoms that, combined with dizziness and nausea, suggest a stroke:

profuse vomiting, especially dangerous in case of loss of consciousness;
slurred speech, difficulty forming words and understanding them, inability to focus on one subject;
complete inability to walk or partial loss of coordination;
numbness of half of the body, distortion of the face;
loss of consciousness.

Stroke survivors sometimes describe unusual sensations: as if something in the head bursts with a loud sound.

Over time, the symptoms of a stroke may worsen.

Important! 30% of strokes are hemorrhagic (associated with bleeding in the brain), which require urgent help from a neurosurgeon. This should be taken into account when choosing a medical institution.

Life threatening!

Dizziness is life-threatening in combination with the following symptoms:

temperature above 38º (meningitis);
double vision (pathology of the optic nerve, stroke);
violations of swallowing, speech and (and) hearing (a sign of a heart attack of various localization, a stroke);
numbness of some parts of the body;
increasing pain in the chest or under the shoulder blade;
prolonged vomiting leading to dehydration;
confusion or loss of consciousness, overexcitation, delirium.

These symptoms are reasons for immediate medical attention.

Dizziness while taking certain drugs

A number of anticonvulsant drugs affect the part of the brain that receives signals from the vestibular apparatus and can cause nausea and dizziness.

Some antibiotics are ototoxic.

Hypertensive crisis and dizziness can develop as a side effect of a number of drugs or as a result of the combined action of several drugs (in the case of mutual reinforcement of their action).

Features of diagnostics

Making a diagnosis for impaired coordination accompanied by nausea requires a non-standard approach, patient and thoughtful attitude of a qualified doctor and involves taking into account many nuances, including:

pulse rate at the time of the attack;
blood pressure indicators;
the presence of intoxication (a study of the patient's lifestyle and work);
the relationship of the appearance of a symptom with a change in the position of the head or a change in posture (to determine whether there is orthostatic hypotension);
obligatory examination of the fundus;
neurological tests.

The severity and correlation of all the symptoms of the disease, established during a detailed survey of the patient, data from laboratory and instrumental studies provide a basis for making a diagnosis.

Diagnosis of BPPV

Diagnosis of BPPV is carried out as follows. The doctor suggests that a person lying in a certain position make small-scale movements with the eyeballs to the right and left (the so-called nystagmus), following his hand. The signals of the auditory and visual receptors become chaotic and come into conflict with each other: the eyes of a person at rest fix the movement. This stimulates dizziness (the situation resembles motion sickness in transport).

The dizziness that arose in this situation is of a benign positional nature.

Note! BPPV is not accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

First aid for dizziness

A sudden loss of coordination is fraught with serious injuries leading to disability. First of all, a person who is dizzy should be seated, and it is better to lay down. If a person is indoors, it is necessary to create an influx of fresh air. To increase blood flow to the head, he should elevate his legs, using improvised items, such as a bag, folded clothes.

The risk of dizziness and nausea is increased by alcohol, stale air, heat, cigarette smoke, strong odors, and a full stomach. Drinking during an attack can stimulate vomiting, so it is best to get rid of dry mouth in case of thirst by rinsing the mouth.

To get rid of the attack as soon as possible, you should strongly squeeze your palms and do not close your eyes, but fix your eyes on a stationary object.

Note! A point massage of the center of the bridge of the nose (the point between the eyebrows) helps to stop the attack.

Even a single episode of severe dizziness should be a reason to visit a doctor.

The cause of dizziness and nausea lies, as a rule, at the junction of the pathology of the ear and the nervous system. There can be serious problems behind banal dizziness: it is extremely important to accurately and timely find out the cause and reliably eliminate it.

Anyone who has experienced dizziness knows exactly how it manifests itself - it is very similar to what a heavily drunk person experiences. Suddenly there is a feeling that you are like a tornado, everything around begins to rotate and lose its shape, blur.

The person is disoriented, cannot stand on his feet, he may even feel sick. In medicine, this condition has a scientific name - vertigo. It is caused by a disorder of the vestibular system, but what causes this disorder remains to be seen.

Manifestation of seizures

People who are dizzy know how such a state of manifestation is.

This is very similar to the condition resulting from alcohol intoxication. The sensation is sharp and often appears suddenly.

Around everything starts to spin, clear contours disappear, and the picture itself can be blurry.

With a loss of coordination, it becomes difficult for a person to stand on his feet, nausea is possible.

In medical practice, this condition is called vertigo. Dizziness is often caused by malfunctions of the vestibular apparatus, which leads to discomfort.

It is necessary to determine the exact causes that can cause dizziness and fainting.

Only after that you can begin to carry out treatment and get rid of such a symptom.

Diagnostics

Dizziness, as well as impaired coordination, do not belong to a separate disease, but are only one of the symptoms of diseases and other ailments.

Dizziness accompanies a large number of diseases. For the correct diagnosis of diseases, the appointment of treatment is worth familiarizing yourself with them.

The disease can be diagnosed using a variety of methods, including laboratory, instrumental, objective studies of the patient's sensations.

Important are the electrocardiogram, electroencephalography, ultrasound examination of the vessels located in the neck, brain, as well as computed and magnetic resonance imaging. With the help of these methods, the cause of dizziness is guaranteed to become known.

During the examination of the patient, the doctor pays close attention to the collection of anamnesis. He specifies the time of onset of these symptoms, the nature of dizziness, the accompanying symptoms, the presence of injuries, hearing loss or vision loss. The doctor will definitely ask the patient what medications he takes, whether he uses alcohol and drugs.

Since these sensations are only symptoms, it is necessary to know what diseases they may be accompanied by.

Only a doctor can correctly determine the heart disease that causes dizziness. You can start with a therapist. He has at his disposal a whole arsenal of studies that will help to see the picture of the disease not only by external symptoms, but also by those signs that are not visible at first glance.

Based on their assumptions, the doctor may prescribe you:

EKG,
x-ray,
heart CT,
heart MRI,
angiogram (examination of blood vessels using a contrast agent),
additional special tests.

Do not be afraid of the examination - it is painless, but after it you will not have to doubt why your head is spinning. If necessary, the doctor will additionally refer you to his fellow specialists.

There are various causes of nausea and dizziness in humans. Sometimes this is a temporary phenomenon that does not carry negative consequences. But more often the causes are various pathologies.

Taking an anamnesis, the doctor examines the patient very carefully. During the conversation, the time when dizziness and nausea appeared, the nature of the course of these symptoms, and other manifestations that bother are specified.

The next stage of diagnosis will be laboratory and various instrumental examinations. Which ones - will depend on the decision of the doctor.

In many cases, the cause of true dizziness, nausea and serious coordination disorders are malfunctions of the vestibular apparatus, which is actually responsible for a person's sense of balance.

Dizziness, nausea, lack of coordination - the cause of the disease of the vestibular apparatus

Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo

The disease is characterized by sudden short-term (no more than 60 seconds) attacks of dizziness, sometimes with nausea and vomiting, necessarily associated with a change in the position of the patient's body in space.

It does not have additional painful signs, such as hearing loss or headache. With proper timely diagnosis and treatment, it passes without consequences for a person.

Vestibular neuritis

There are extremely severe infectious diseases that cause dizziness, nausea and incoordination. It is important not to miss their beginning and not to be confused with simple weakness.

Meningitis is a severe and dangerous disease in which extensive infectious inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord and brain can lead to death.

Vertigo can be caused by both fairly harmless causes, and serious diseases that require a doctor's consultation.

Dizziness itself is not a life-threatening condition, however, it can pose a danger to the patient when, for example, he is dizzy at high altitude, on an escalator, on a steep staircase, next to the side of a sea vessel, etc. The danger in such situations is that a person with dizziness can lose balance and fall, causing serious injury to himself.

If the patient has adapted to the fact that he is often and very dizzy, and does not go to the doctor, this is fraught with the fact that in the presence of any causative disease, it progresses, and the patient does not receive proper treatment, which can lead to complications, lack of effect from late treatment, etc.

Vestibular neuritis

Meningitis

From this come additional effects, such as darkening in the eyes and weakness in the muscles. But do not forget that all of the above "controllers" of our perception obey the main organ in our body - the brain.

Many people are interested in the causes of sudden dizziness, since each of us has experienced such a situation at least once.

This state will leave your body in a few seconds, but discomfort may still remain. For some people, it may begin to make noise in the ears, or darken in the eyes.

Such effects are formed as a result of the redistribution of blood through the arteries and veins.

There are also causes of sudden dizziness that are completely unrelated to exactly how you change your body position. This may include:

the intake of a small amount of nutrients and vitamins;
constant lack of sleep and overwork;
a sharp decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood (most often this condition is observed in pregnant women, as well as in women during menstruation).

All of the above causes of sudden dizziness are the result of a small amount of oxygen entering the brain. Thus, the human brain cannot cope with the load, and therefore weakness appears in the body, the head begins to spin, the balance is lost, and the heart does not beat so fast.

In order to cope with such a problem, you need to properly build a daily routine. Exercise, walk more often in the fresh air, eat right, and get enough rest.

Try to get plenty of vitamins. You can drink active vitamin complexes.

Usually, sudden dizziness without a cause does not cause concern. However, if the head is spinning more and more often, and the person feels worse and worse, then this is an occasion to seriously think about your health, to undergo a medical examination.

If you eat a large amount of fatty and fried foods, then you may begin to deposit cholesterol on the walls of blood vessels. And this, in turn, leads to the fact that an insufficient amount of oxygen enters the brain. Hence headaches, loss of balance, weakness and nausea.

Stroke is a very serious disease associated with impaired blood supply to the brain. It is characterized not only by dizziness, but also by loss of coordination, impaired speech function and breathing problems. This disease is very dangerous for human life, so doctors strongly recommend that you alternate between sleep and rest and eat right.

The causes of dizziness can also be diseases of the digestive system. Dizziness and weakness can be the result of serious poisoning. It may also be associated with metabolic disorders.

Vestibular neuritis

Meningitis

ECG, X-ray, CT of the heart, MRI of the heart, angiogram (examination of blood vessels using a contrast agent), additional special tests.

Do not be afraid of the examination - it is painless, but after it you will not have to doubt why your head is spinning. If necessary, the doctor will additionally refer you to his fellow specialists.

Associated symptoms

As a rule, with a loss of coordination and code, the head begins to spin, it becomes difficult for a person to be in one position.

While walking, the gait changes, and chaotic hand movements also appear. If the problem is due to an advanced disease, then without help, such a patient will not be able to sit or stand on his own.

Dizziness often appears in people with encephalitis, as well as tumors of the cerebellum.

Quite often, dizziness, nausea, lack of coordination, the cause of which does not lie in the disease of the body, are the result of a person’s incorrect behavior.

For example, these moments include:

malnutrition (starvation or diet violations);
"seasickness";
a sharp change in the weather;
alcohol intake.

Diet violations

With errors in the diet (not thoughtful vegetarianism, complete rejection of carbohydrates, etc.), manifestations of hypoglycemia, anemia, and just hungry dizziness are possible. With a complete rejection of salt, a drop in blood pressure is possible, which can also cause dizziness.

Fasting is always accompanied by a decrease in blood glucose levels. The brain is not getting enough nutrition. And the person feels dizzy. Fractional, but frequent (at least 6 times a day) consumption of a minimum amount of food will help to avoid this.

motion sickness

Seasickness is weakness and dizziness. and nausea and vomiting during a long train ride, car ride, ship ride, plane ride, or excessive rides.

The cause of dizziness, nausea and lack of coordination may be precisely “seasickness”

In these situations, the human body may not be able to cope with the signals coming through various channels. Children are more susceptible to motion sickness and only about 1% of adults. Special medications help relieve discomfort.

Change in atmospheric pressure

Any chronic diseases, especially of a vascular nature, as well as a weakening of the human body after illness and in the presence of age-related changes, can cause increased sensitivity to changes in weather conditions.

In this case, mild dizziness or lightheadedness, migraines, which can be removed with short-term drugs, are possible.

Alcohol intoxication

The use of drugs (including alcohol) has a strong effect on the areas of the brain responsible for coordination and a sense of balance. They lose the ability to correctly identify the signals being sent. The slightest movement of the body causes dizziness, accompanied by nausea and incoordination, the cause of which is intoxication.

Excessive drinking can lead to injury or even death

If dizziness, nausea, lack of coordination, the cause of which is not clear, appear constantly or quite often, this should be the basis for contacting a doctor.

It is necessary, if possible, to accurately remember the circumstances of the appearance and the full picture of the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms - this will make it easier for the specialist to diagnose the underlying disease.

Dizziness and hearing impairment are most common in diseases of the inner ear or damage to areas of the brain in the region of the vestibular nuclei or cerebellum. In addition to sensations of rotation of the body in space or surrounding objects around the patient, there may also be pain in the ear on the affected side, leakage of fluid or pus from the ear canal, tinnitus, distorted sound perception by the ear on the affected side.

Sometimes dizziness and hearing loss can be observed during treatment with ototoxic antibiotics - amikacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, etc.

Starvation

motion sickness

Diets are a complex process that should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. But often people try to adhere to various dietary restrictions without consulting a doctor.

Starvation

motion sickness

Seasickness is weakness and dizziness, as well as nausea and vomiting, during a long train ride, car ride, ship ride, plane ride, or excessive rides.

Treatment

At home, you can use other methods to relieve discomfort:

Apply biloba tincture, which is easy to buy at a pharmacy.
Use fresh juices, preferably on an empty stomach. For this, beetroot, carrot and pomegranate juices are suitable.
Drink teas based on medicinal herbs, for example, from linden, mint. You can also drink ginger root tea with lemon and honey.
To treat dizziness, you need to drink an infusion of parsley seeds. Enough for 1 tsp. add a glass of boiling water, leave for 8 hours, then add another glass of water and take 2-3 sips throughout the day. The entire volume is calculated per day.
It is useful to take powder from seaweed. It can be purchased at a pharmacy. It not only has a positive effect on the vestibular system, but it is also very useful for health.

If the symptoms appear frequently, then it will be necessary to adjust the diet, work day, as well as physical and mental stress.

It is unacceptable to let such a state go by itself. The causes of ailments must be sought and disposed of by treating diseases.

Due to the fact that there are quite a lot of possible diseases associated with dizziness, it means that there are no less methods of treatment. Here, not only symptomatic, but also etiological, pathogenetic treatment is used.

Symptomatic treatment deals with the elimination of causes, symptoms. Etiological eliminates the cause of vertigo, and pathogenetic treatment affects the mechanism that provoked the disease.

All of them are divided into conservative methods, including treatment with medicines and developed maneuvers, folk methods and operations.

Conservative treatment

Maneuvers used to treat vertigo involve performing actions that help improve the condition.

The following types of maneuvers are used: Semont, Epley, Lempert maneuver. Semont's maneuver is to turn his head to the side where the healthy ear is while sitting on the bed. Fix the head, the position of the body can be changed. Then lie down on your side for a couple of minutes, which hurts, and then roll over to the other, also for 2 minutes. Then return to the first position and align your head.

Surgery

Intervention by the surgeon occurs when it is impossible to correct the situation with the help of medicines and maneuvers.

Surgical solutions:

Removal of malignant neoplasms of the brain that provoked vertigo and other unpleasant, painful symptoms.
With dizziness, an operation is performed to introduce a vestibular implant, when the cause of it was a violation of the vestibular apparatus.
Kimmerle's technique is to normalize the blood supply to the brain.
The Chiari technique normalizes the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.
Classical labyrinthectomy is a cardinal measure. It is considered as such because it consists in the complete removal of the labyrinth, which is responsible for the sensation of changes in movement and gravity.
Often the basis of vertigo is vision problems - various kinds of operations are performed to correct it.

Folk remedies

Since these signs are only symptoms of heart disease, treatment should be aimed at combating their cause. Once diagnosed, your doctor will recommend a treatment that is right for you. Naturally, it will differ in each individual case.

To improve well-being, the doctor may prescribe sedatives (Sedavit, Andaksin), antihistamines (diphenhydramine, pipolfen), and, if necessary, anti-nausea drugs (cerucal, metronidazole).

With severe dizziness, you need to go to bed, let fresh air into the room, you can take 10 drops of a 0.1% solution of atropine.

At home

At home, to remove the "lightheadedness" from dizziness will help:

Ginkgo biloba tincture.
Juices from pomegranate, carrot or beet.
Tea with lemon, ginger, linden, mint, lemon balm.
You can grind parsley seeds, pour boiling water over 1 teaspoon per 200-gram glass, leave for at least 6 hours and take a couple of sips during the day.

With frequent dizziness, it is important to find your own saving method. In addition, you should completely revise your regimen, your physical activity.

In any case, dizziness and its treatment should not be left to chance. Auxiliary means are listed above, and to eliminate the cause, visit a doctor.

Everyone must be able to provide first aid when they see a person suffering from nausea and dizziness.

This is the following set of urgent measures:

laying the patient horizontally and ensuring the flow of fresh air;
ensuring normal temperature conditions;
raising the lower limbs above the level of the head;
cotton wool with ammonia under the nose, if a person loses consciousness;
sedatives or tranquilizers;
if the pressure has decreased, give sweet tea.

It is he who will try to eliminate the causes that caused this condition of the patient:

To alleviate the patient's condition, when he is sick and dizzy, vestibulolytic agents are used. You can enter intravenously Eufillin and Mannitol.
If a person is tormented by seasickness, such drugs will help: Cinnarizine, Vasano, Aeron, Cyclizine, Promethazine, patches with scopolamine.
common dizziness and nausea in women during critical days or in climacteric. In this case, manual therapy, massages, acupuncture and physiotherapy.

Ginkgo biloba tincture. Juices from pomegranate, carrot or beet.

Tea with lemon, ginger, linden, mint, lemon balm. You can grind parsley seeds, pour boiling water over 1 teaspoon per 200-gram glass, leave for at least 6 hours and take a couple of sips during the day.

In the pharmacy you can buy seaweed powder. The trace elements contained in it will help to improve the functioning of the vestibular apparatus.

Diagnosis

If dizziness constantly appears, then it is recommended to undergo a complete examination of the body, but first of all it is necessary to check the heart, perhaps the reason is in it.

To begin with, you will need to visit a therapist who can determine the causes himself or refer you for an additional examination to other doctors of a narrow focus.

Having made a presumptive diagnosis of why the head is spinning and coordination is lost, the doctor can additionally use laboratory diagnostic methods:

Radiography.
MRI, CG.
Various tests and other methods.

People do not need to be afraid of being diagnosed, because it does not cause pain, but will allow you to identify or exclude diseases.

5. Risk factors and prevention

There are several factors that can cause discomfort:

Pathologies of the heart, which were from birth.
Diseases of a hereditary nature.
Sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work.
Bad habits such as smoking, drinking, overeating, unhealthy diets and lack of sleep.
Frequent stress.
Infectious and viral diseases that are not completely cured or transferred on their feet.

To prevent dizziness, you just need to change your lifestyle and make it right and useful:

It is necessary to give up all addictions, reduce coffee consumption, and also refuse, if possible, the use of medicines.
Be active every day, play sports.
Change the diet and make it healthy, balanced.
Sleep from 7 hours a day.
He goes to see doctors in a timely manner, especially if he feels dizzy, coordination is disturbed, and there are other ailments.
Do not get stressed and try not to burden the body.

It is not always possible to get rid of discomfort, even after the treatment of provoking diseases.

But even if you are constantly dizzy after treatment, you can adapt to this symptom and know how to stop it quickly.

6. Forecast

Unfortunately, sometimes dizziness and loss of balance remain with a person for life. Of course, there is nothing pleasant in this, but it is possible to learn to live with such symptoms. Everyone's body is different, but everyone can adapt.

In most cases, after the cause is eliminated, the symptoms disappear.

Remember a few takeaways:

Dizziness is not a disease, but a symptom of a disease.
Self-medication is unacceptable, it is important to consult a doctor. No need to listen to friends and grandmothers on the bench, because these signs accompany several dozen diseases. Only a specialist can help you.
Prevention is something you can do ahead of time without consulting your doctor. This is the best defense against heart disease.
Take good care of your health, and your head will be spinning only from happiness!

Dizziness is not a disease, but a symptom of a disease. Self-medication is unacceptable, it is important to consult a doctor.

No need to listen to friends and grandmothers on the bench, because these signs accompany several dozen diseases. Only a specialist can help you.

Prevention is something you can do ahead of time without consulting a doctor. This is the best defense against heart disease.

Take good care of your health, and your head will be spinning only from happiness. .

Visual disturbances leading to dizziness

Dizziness often provokes a violation of the coordination of human movement.

Vestibular neuritis

Quite often, dizziness accompanies visual impairment, as the brain receives a distorted picture of the surrounding space.

Strabismus

Mismatch with the central axis of the position of one or both eyes causes a malfunction in the functioning of most parts of the visual apparatus.

Among other things, this leads to doubling of the image, and hence dizziness, headache.

Cataract - clouding of the lens of the eye - is the most common age-related vision disease. It can cause dizziness due to reduced visual acuity and increased intraocular pressure.

Progressive glaucoma in the advanced case leads to complete blindness. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully consider such an early symptom of the latent onset of the disease as frequent causeless headaches and dizziness.

To clarify the diagnosis, you should consult an ophthalmologist and check the value of intraocular pressure.

Astigmatism

A person with astigmatism has trouble seeing far and near. This can cause constant nervous tension, fatigue, slight dizziness, nausea and headache.

Decreased visual acuity

Any decrease in visual acuity can cause dizziness to some extent due to incomplete transmission of information about the world around.

Vestibular neuritis

Meningitis

Strabismus

Cataract

Glaucoma

Astigmatism

Vestibular neuritis

Meningitis

Strabismus

Cataract

Glaucoma

Astigmatism

Decreased visual acuity

self help

In any case, the patient needs to pay a visit to the doctor and follow all his instructions and recommendations. It is dangerous to treat these manifestations on your own.

In order not to cause a relapse, the patient must follow these rules:

drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration;
do not smoke or take alcohol;
do not drink a lot of coffee;
Healthy food;
spend a lot of time outdoors;
refuse to drive a car for the duration of treatment;
learn relaxation;
if dizziness occurs, then you need to focus your gaze on an object that does not move, it is better to sit or lie down;
if there is an approach to loss of consciousness, then it is necessary to sit down so that the head is between the knees.

Every adult has experienced dizziness at least once in their life. According to statistics, this is the most common complaint among patients seeking medical care.

It may differ in its strength and duration, but rarely does anyone like this state.

If your head is spinning not from rides, not from love, and not from seasickness, you should think about visiting a doctor.

Loss of balance due to dizziness can lead to fainting and possibly serious injury. These symptoms are most likely a sign of a serious health problem.

1. How does dizziness feel?

2. Causes of dizziness and loss of balance

Since these sensations are only symptoms, it is necessary to know what diseases they may be accompanied by.

Here are the main assumptions that a doctor is likely to have:

Concussions and head bruises, even those received a very long time ago, which can remind you of yourself with dizziness for many years.
Injuries to the tympanic membrane, also barotrauma (that is, caused by an increase in pressure in the ears, for example, when coughing or deep immersion in water).
Viral and catarrhal diseases in the acute stage and transferred earlier, after which there could be a sluggish current inflammation in the middle part of the ear canal. Such causes of dizziness are called labyrinthitis.
Intoxication of the body due to poisoning with heavy metals, chemicals, food, alcohol, drugs.
Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) - occurs equally in both children and adults, manifests itself when the head tilt changes or the body position changes.
brain tumors.
Meniere's disease is an accumulation of fluid (endolymph) in the cavity of the inner ear.
Pathologies of the cervical spine (osteochandrosis, spondylosis).
Paroxysmal conditions (migraine, epilepsy).
Diabetes.
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels, as a result of which normal blood flow is disturbed, including hypertension, ischemia and pre-stroke.

These are the most likely causes, which are accompanied by dizziness (vertigo) and balance disorder (ataxia).

Dizziness as a symptom of heart disease

The heart is a very important organ. It pumps oxygenated blood and delivers the necessary substances to the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. Thanks to the good work of the heart, the whole body can function without failures. Therefore, it is so important to diagnose malfunctions in the work of this organ in time.

Dizziness and loss of balance are often the first sign that your heart needs attention. The presence of the described signs may indicate vascular disease, cardiac arrhythmias, or developing heart failure. They cannot be ignored, since these pathologies are fraught with disability.

If the blood pumped by the heart does not reach the brain stem, causing dizziness and disorientation, there is a risk that a stem stroke will develop.

Depending on the type of lesion, it can be hemorrhagic or ischemic. In a large percentage of cases, ischemic stroke is fatal. It develops against the background of atherosclerosis - a chronic disease of the arteries caused by a metabolic disorder.

Arrhythmia is another formidable cardiac disorder, manifested in an increase in heart rate. The heart then stops, then beats furiously, then dizziness appears and control over balance is lost, up to fainting.

Vertigo and ataxia may indicate the presence of other abnormalities in the work of the heart, such as bradycardia, tachycardia, pericarditis, angina and extrasystoles, as well as myocardial infarction. We can say that almost all cardiovascular diseases at different stages are accompanied by dizziness and loss of coordination.

3. Diagnosis - how to determine the cause of dizziness and loss of balance

Based on their assumptions, the doctor may prescribe you:

x-ray,
heart CT,
heart MRI,
angiogram (examination of blood vessels using a contrast agent),
additional special tests.

Do not be afraid of the examination - it is painless, but after it you will not have to doubt why your head is spinning. If necessary, the doctor will additionally refer you to his fellow specialists.

What causes sudden dizziness

You rarely meet a person who has never experienced sudden dizziness. The situation is considered normal when “blood hit” after a sharp change in position. For example, if you get up after a long rest on the couch.

The head can be dizzy from excessive passion for rides or active games. If the symptom manifests itself for no apparent reason and not even out of love, you should listen to the body. It may well happen that a spontaneous lack of coordination indicates a serious disorder of health.

What do we feel when dizzy?

Experts assure that there are over 80 disturbing causes that can cause sudden dizziness. At the same time, the intensity and duration of the next attack may differ in each case.

Similar sensations are manifested in alcoholic intoxication, when there is a violation of coordination. It seems to a person that the surrounding objects or he himself are moving. Focusing on one object becomes difficult: surrounding things blur, and their contours become blurred.

A disoriented person at the next attack experiences difficulties with the continuation of affairs. It is difficult to continue moving and even observe the surrounding objects.

Pathologies that can cause vertigo

With the periodic manifestation of a symptom, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor. The causes of sudden dizziness in most cases are dangerous diseases. Your doctor will suspect one of the following causes of a vestibular disorder:

Of course, you should not immediately look for a "full bouquet" of diseases. A detailed analysis by a specialist of the clinical picture, condition and other possible complaints of the patient will help to correctly identify the pathology.

An unbalanced diet is the cause of vertigo

Patients should remember that sudden dizziness for no reason occurs and without prerequisites for pathologies. With irregular and insufficient nutrition, all organs and systems of the body do not receive the “building material” for renewal in full.

In this case, vertigo becomes a protective agent for the body, warning of an impending disorder. Often, dizziness is a typical companion of lovers of a tough fight with “extra” kilograms or zealous fans of intense sports training or hard work.

It's hard to believe, but bile outflow disorders, cholecystitis. Disorders of the liver and even "banal" gastritis can give off ready to whirl. After checking the condition of the stomach based on the results of gastroscopy, special and general tests, one can judge the presence of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. After clarifying the diagnosis, it is necessary to treat the underlying cause of the coordination disorder.

Dizziness due to heart problems

Among the common causes of dizziness and nausea, pathologies of the cardiovascular system are often distinguished. Vertigo is an early "bell" of emerging heart failure or angina pectoris. The same symptom is typical for problems with blood vessels: narrowing of the lumen with fatty deposits or the formation of blood clots.

With arrhythmia, the intensity of cardiac activity is uneven. Periodic fading alternate with increased myocardial activity. Dizziness in this case is accompanied by a noticeable loss of control over the position of the body. Often fainting occurs.

Dizziness and blood pressure

With a tendency to hypotension (low blood pressure), severe dizziness occurs along with weakness and headaches. Deterioration of well-being can occur with a drop in blood glucose levels. In this case, those prone to hypoglycemia need to eat to normalize the condition. Nutrition for this category of patients must be divided into smaller portions with a dose every 3 hours.

A high tendency to vertigo is observed in patients sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure. Meteorologically dependent people are advised to control pressure and limit mental or physical work during exacerbations.

Problems with the spine that disrupt cerebral circulation

Sudden weakness and dizziness are manifested in diseases of the upper spine. The destruction of the cartilage of the intervertebral discs is often supplemented by an inflammatory process in the adjacent tissues. In turn, this causes squeezing (compression) of the nerve endings and blood vessels that send oxygen and nutrients to the brain. An important highway is sent to the brain through the spinal column, the defective work of which causes violations of the regulatory processes of the body as a whole.

If osteochondrosis, protrusion of the intervertebral discs of the cervical region and the associated "vertebral artery syndrome" are detected, a course of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers are prescribed. At the same time, complexes are prescribed to normalize nervous activity and means to improve the condition of blood vessels. To normalize the blood supply to the cartilage of the intervertebral discs, therapeutic exercises are prescribed, the exercises of which are performed for life.

Delicate Causes of Vertigo

Causes of sudden dizziness in women may be related to the menstrual cycle. Abundant blood loss during the "critical" days cause weakness and vestibular disorders. During such periods, it is desirable to limit activity and anxiety, as well as to fully rest and eat.

Ear and vestibular lesions

Peripheral dizziness can be the result of disorders of the vestibular apparatus itself. For example, vestibular neuritis is characterized by very strong vertigo. Based on the results of a correct diagnosis, patients will be prescribed drugs that alleviate the condition. Other pathologies that can cause sudden dizziness and loss of balance can be:

Inflammation of the middle ear - the clinical picture is supplemented by fever, pain and discharge from the ear;
Disorders of the inner ear, which are signaled by tinnitus, hearing disorders.

Identification of the underlying disease

As you can see, a common vestibular disorder can signal a wide range of pathologies. To understand the causes of sudden dizziness and loss of balance, contact reputable specialists. Based on the collected anamnesis and a detailed description of the patient's condition from his own words, the doctor will refer you to analyzes of a narrow focus and a general plan. MRI and tomography of the affected organ, radiography, examination of blood vessels and internal organs, as well as a number of special practices remain common diagnostic tools.

To alleviate the condition until the detection of the underlying disease will help the normalization of sleep and the period of wakefulness, as well as getting good nutrition. Nausea is eliminated by cerucal or metronidazole. Antihistamines and drugs with a sedative effect will help improve the condition: Andaksin, Sedavit. Severe dizziness will be relieved by a 0.1% solution of Atropine (take 10 drops). It is worth fighting the manifestations of the disease, taking into account individual preferences and characteristics of the body.

Why is coordination of movements disturbed when walking and dizziness appears?

Latin term "coordination" translates as "coordination of actions or processes". The concept itself "coordination of movements" means the process of interaction between the muscles of the body, which leads to the performance of certain actions.

Loss of coordination and dizziness when walking

Musculoskeletal system controlled by the central nervous system. It controls the coordination of the movements of the human body, thanks to which it is not necessary to make special mental efforts to perform this or that movement.

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord have complex relationships, it is with their help that the signal about any movement is transmitted to the brain. A response signal comes out of it, which provokes movement. If neural connections work Fine, then such a signal is lightning fast, and when there are communication disturbances, the signal may be distorted, or not transmitted at all. As a result - violation of coordination of movement. Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movements? Find out more about

Loss of coordination of movements is most often observed in people older age, because due to aging, the human body cannot fully perform its functions, as a result, the activity of the nervous system slows down. But, there are a number of reasons that lead to the occurrence of impaired coordination when walking.

You can also find information about the causes of dizziness when standing and when you lie down on our website.

Causes and signs

Dizziness and imbalance walking are the most common problems doctors face. Vestibular disorders of coordination of movements can be caused by many diseases: viral, neurological, cardiovascular. Establishing the cause can be quite difficult.

Causes of impaired coordination of movement when walking and dizziness can be:

Use of drugs and alcohol
Traumatic brain injury
Parkinson's disease
Stroke
brain disease
Circulatory disorders in the brain
Tumors of the cerebellum or brain
Arnold-Chiari anomaly (omitted part of the cerebellum)
Hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain)
Diseases in which myelin breaks down
Cervical osteochondrosis
Diseases of the vestibular cranial nerves
Neuronite
inflammation of the inner ear
Poisoning by any potent devices
Neuronyma
Vitamin B12 deficiency

The signs of a violation are:

Feeling the illusion of movement of the body or objects, rotation;
Violation of orientation in space;
Nausea, partial hearing loss and severe dizziness;
Unsteadiness in a standing position;
Gait disturbance, frequent falls;
High pressure;
Loss of consciousness;
Weakness;
Violation of body perception;
Trembling of parts of the body;
Frequent headaches.

Treatment

As mentioned above, coordination problems and dizziness are the consequences of the disease. In order to correct the situation, first of all, it is necessary to remove the cause. For this you need to contact specialist neurologist, who will listen to the symptoms, identify the problem and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Preparations

Doctors prescribe drugs to patients that help restore blood circulation in the brain and various vitamin complexes.

Other drugs may also be prescribed, such as:

Angioprotectors and nootropics designed to normalize blood pressure and metabolism in the brain.
Various hormonal drugs.
Vitamins A, B, C.
Antibiotic therapy, which kills all infections in the inner ear and brain.
Vitamin B12.

Exercises

In order to restore proper coordination of movements, first of all, you need to cure disease which led to it. After that, doctors usually prescribe a number of drugs that help the body normalize its work, various vitamins. Also, the mandatory program for the treatment of problems with coordination includes physiotherapy.

Under the supervision of a specialist, the patient performs a series of simple actions that are designed to help better control their movements and body. All exercises are aimed at training balance when walking, in a standing position, they also help develop accuracy and precision. With their help, joints and muscles are strengthened.

One of the most effective treatments is massage, which helps to eliminate the problem on a specific area of the body.

Some simple exercises for training coordination have been developed that you can easily perform on your own at any convenient time:

If you are using public transport, then instead of sitting down in an empty seat, it’s better to stand. With your feet shoulder-width apart, try not to hold on, balance, trying to stand straight and not fall.
Put your feet together, stretch your arms to the sides. Close your eyes and stand still for a minute, then lower your arms and stand for another 20 seconds.
Stretch your arms to the sides, put your feet together. Rise on your toes, while lifting, freeze in place for 10-15 seconds, and lower yourself. Do this exercise with your eyes closed every day.
Put your feet together, hands on your belt, rise on your toes and at the same time tilt your head forward and backward.
body in the same position only when lifting on toes, perform several forward bends. Try doing the exercise with your eyes closed.
Extend your arms to the sides lift the leg bent at the knee and stand for 30 seconds, change the leg. Try to do it with your eyes closed, if it is trumpet, then reduce the time to 10 seconds.
A very effective exercise with the help of a ladder. Hold onto the ladder with your hands and slowly descend. If this does not cause problems, then try to do the same only without the help of hands. First, put one foot, lean forward with the body, and then carefully put the other. Very slowly try to rise as high as possible.
Imagine that there is a thin long board on the floor., try to walk along it smoothly, without swaying, and without stumbling. Close your eyes and repeat, trying to walk in a straight line, ask someone from the household to control your movements.
This exercise can be done at home it does not require special simulators or equipment. Take an apple or orange in each hand. Try to throw them up one by one and catch them. If it works, then complicate the task - toss at the same time, or with a small interval. Try to juggle them, try not to let them in.
Put your feet one behind the other so so that the heel of one foot touches the toe of the other. Spread your arms to the sides, stand in this position for 15-20 seconds. Change your leg and try it with your eyes closed.
Feet shoulder width apart, hands on the belt, lean forward, backward, left and right. Repeat the exercise 10-15 times with your eyes closed.
Walking home from the store, you can see the narrow curbs. Try to walk on them without assistance. This is a wonderful balance exercise.

Which doctors to contact?

Incoordination when walking and dizziness are very serious signs that signal to a person that something is not right with his body. They can also indicate the presence of a more serious disease. Therefore, at the first signs, it is necessary to contact a neurologist who will help cure this disease.

Causes of sudden dizziness and weakness

Any person at least once in his life faced with such a thing as dizziness. However, each describes this state in different ways. Someone feels that all objects around begin to spin; someone feels that balance is suddenly lost; and someone in general mentally goes to flight. Most often, this phenomenon is also accompanied by nausea, weakness, vomiting and darkening in the eyes.

Sudden dizziness: causes

The main and most common cause of sudden dizziness is a sudden change in body position. This state is controlled not only by the vestibular apparatus, but also by muscle receptors and visual analyzers. From this come additional effects, such as darkening in the eyes and weakness in the muscles. But do not forget that all of the above "controllers" of our perception obey the main organ in our body - the brain.

There are many types of dizziness, each of which has its own significant cause. However, the most common causes are considered to be central and peripheral. The first of them is a consequence of violations and injuries of the brain, and the second occurs with violations of the vestibular apparatus.

Functional causes of dizziness

Many people are interested in the causes of sudden dizziness, since each of us has experienced such a situation at least once.

Very often, even an absolutely healthy person can feel a state when everything is spinning around, and weakness appears in the body. The head may begin to spin after lying or sitting for a long time, as well as with sharp head tilts and turns. This state will leave your body in a few seconds, but discomfort may still remain. For some people, it may begin to make noise in the ears, or darken in the eyes. Such effects are formed as a result of the redistribution of blood through the arteries and veins.

Causes of dizziness not related to changes in body position

There are also causes of sudden dizziness that are completely unrelated to exactly how you change your body position. This may include:

the intake of a small amount of nutrients and vitamins;
constant lack of sleep and overwork;
a sharp decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood (most often this condition is observed in pregnant women, as well as in women during menstruation).

In order to cope with such a problem, you need to properly build a daily routine. Exercise, walk more often in the fresh air, eat right, and get enough rest.

Try to get plenty of vitamins. You can drink active vitamin complexes.

Arterial pressure

Causes of sudden dizziness may be associated with changes in blood pressure. After all, this phenomenon affects the blood supply to the brain. Very often, under reduced pressure, other phenomena also occur:

darkening in the eyes;
general weakness and pallor of the skin;
there may be a feeling that the lungs do not have enough air;
very often the body begins to sweat excessively;
sometimes there are minor hallucinations.

Increased pressure is characterized by such signs:

lack of coordination;
severe pain in the temples;
feeling that the face is on fire;
may have a headache in the back of the head.

Of course, treating diseases associated with jumps in blood pressure is very difficult. Therefore, at the first sign, you need to urgently go to the hospital. However, if a change in blood pressure bothers you extremely rarely, then you can drink sweet tea at low pressure, and a sedative drug at high pressure. In this case, to bring yourself back to normal, it is enough just to lead a healthy lifestyle.

Problems with the vestibular apparatus

Sudden dizziness and nausea, the causes of which can be very diverse, are very often visited by people with diseases of the vestibular apparatus or ears.

Pay attention to diseases that cause sudden dizziness very often.

Vestibular neuritis. This disease is characterized by inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The main symptom of this disease is sudden, but very frequent dizziness, which is not accompanied by hearing loss. Also, patients very often suffer from bouts of nausea and vomiting. Usually this disease goes away on its own. The only thing that is required is taking medications to help eliminate feelings of nausea and dizziness.
Otitis. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the middle ear. If you describe the causes of sudden severe dizziness, then ear diseases are not in the last place. The usual symptoms of this disease are severe pain in the ear, discharge from it, fever, and significant hearing loss. In no case should you ignore this disease, otherwise there is a risk of losing your hearing completely. Be sure to contact an otolaryngologist. Otitis media is usually easily treated with antibiotics.

Meniere's disease affecting the inner ear. During its course, sudden weakness and dizziness may occur, the causes of which lie in severe inflammation of the ear. The usual symptomatology of this disease is expressed in severe pain in the ears, as well as ringing and noise. At times, hearing may be significantly impaired. This disease is not treatable, but with the help of special drugs prescribed by a doctor, you can minimize the manifestation of symptoms.

Other diseases associated with the vestibular apparatus and ears also lead to dizziness. This can also include damage to the eardrum and the inside of the ear.

Sudden attacks of dizziness, the causes of which do not cause headache, weakness in the body, darkening in the eyes, are most often associated with diseases of the ears and vestibular apparatus. If you notice such symptoms quite often, then be sure to visit an otolaryngologist.

Injuries and diseases of the brain

There are many brain diseases that cause sudden dizziness. Each of them is extremely dangerous and requires immediate treatment. Let's consider some of them.

Epilepsy- a disease of the brain, characterized by frequent loss of consciousness, convulsions, as well as accelerated or, conversely, slow heartbeat. It is necessary to treat this disease with special drugs throughout the life of the patient.
brain tumors. Lead to severe headache and dizziness. The main methods of treatment include chemotherapy and surgery.
Migraine- a disease of the brain, also accompanied by headaches and dizziness. To reduce pain, doctors recommend using special painkillers, as well as trying to lead a more correct lifestyle.

Other causes of dizziness

If you eat a large amount of fatty and fried foods, then you may begin to deposit cholesterol on the walls of blood vessels. And this, in turn, leads to the fact that an insufficient amount of oxygen enters the brain. Hence headaches, loss of balance, weakness and nausea.

The causes of dizziness can also be diseases of the digestive system. Dizziness and weakness can be the result of serious poisoning. It may also be associated with metabolic disorders.

The main causes of dizziness in women

Sudden dizziness (causes in women are described in this article) in individuals of the weaker sex is very often associated with age-related changes or can occur if there are pathologies in the body. In this case, dizziness is accompanied by loss of coordination, nausea, as well as a feeling of intoxication without drinking alcoholic beverages. If this happens quite often, then the woman should definitely consult a doctor.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is considered one of the main causes of dizziness in women. This is due to a decrease in the level of hemoglobin or glucose in the blood. Usually in the early stages of pregnancy, many women complain of frequent dizziness. However, this is considered completely normal.

If this condition continues at a later date, then you should be wary. This is especially true for women over 40.

Dizziness during menopause

Sudden dizziness, loss of balance, the causes of which are associated with menopause, very often alarm women. However, this condition is considered absolutely normal. During this period, women are encouraged to be more outdoors, relax and eat right. Using the right hormonal drugs, you can quickly improve your condition.

How to give first aid

If a person's sudden dizziness is not accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, darkening in the eyes and respiratory failure, then it will be enough to lay the victim on a horizontal surface, while supporting his back. You can use high pillows. Unfasten your clothes, open the window for fresh air. If a person seems very pale, then give him tea with sugar. If the condition does not go away within a few minutes, call an ambulance immediately.

Causes of sudden dizziness: disorders of the vestibular apparatus and heart failurea

Everyone has experienced sudden dizziness at least once. This is a strange and incomprehensible state.

It can vary in strength, duration, causes and consequences.

It is usually accompanied by a lack of coordination and loss of balance, some weakness, blurred vision, sudden and severe headache, "cotton legs", disturbances in the work of the heart (change in pulse). Often there may be nausea, vomiting, and excessive sweating.

Relevance

Loss of orientation, lack of coordination due to sudden dizziness can cause fainting, and possibly lead to more serious injury in the event of a fall.

Ataxia appears - a violation of the normal coordination of movements, which is not associated with weakening of the muscles. Dizziness can be symptoms of severe disorders in the body.

During sudden dizziness, a person may feel as if he is spinning, or objects that are around him are spinning.

He loses coordination and cannot control his position in space. Actually, that's why dizziness got its name. Sometimes it can last only seconds, minutes, and sometimes several hours.

Constant severe dizziness and loss of balance in almost all cases are the result of serious mental or neurological abnormalities.

Many experienced dizziness when they suddenly and abruptly changed their position in space, for example, as a result of a sharp rise from bed in the morning. In medicine, this symptom is called the term "orthostatic collapse."

Causes

Sometimes the causes of sudden dizziness can be explained by some obvious factors that affect a person's life. During pregnancy, it becomes a completely normal symptom, and also occurs in the elderly and in people who follow very strict diets, endure heavy loads.

True sudden dizziness is otherwise called "vertigo". A person experiences a sensation of rotation of everything around, or it seems to him that he himself is moving in relation to the surrounding space. This is somewhat reminiscent of the sensations of a person riding a carousel for a long time.

According to experts, vertigo is divided into central and peripheral. Central vertigo is always a consequence of disorders in the functioning of the nervous system, pathologies of various areas of the brain, peripheral vertigo appears due to the presence of disorders in the vestibular apparatus. Vertigo can be episodic, constant, or intermittent.

Constant and severe dizziness is a danger to the human body. If the head is spinning continuously for several days, then a specialist consultation is necessary, since this is most likely one of the signs of some kind of disease.

Short-term dizziness can occur in people of all ages and genders. Functional vertigo occurs depending on the situation in which the person is.

Such unexpected dizziness is not considered a consequence of diseases or abnormalities. Usually it does not last very long, does not cause too uncomfortable and painful sensations.

It happens that it gets dark in the eyes, there is an incomprehensible noise in the ears.

Short-term dizziness occurs in the following situations:

the head may suddenly spin with a sharp change in body position. This is due to a sharp outflow of blood from the brain;
a feeling of loss of balance in women can be caused by hormonal instability during the menstrual cycle;
dizziness may occur due to diet or improper, unbalanced nutrition;
dizziness can occur due to an unstable mental state, including in a state of extreme stress or fatigue. In this case, a person feels clouding of consciousness and weakness in the legs;
weakness and dizziness are integral signs of very severe fatigue;
almost all people have this condition when they ride for a long time on attractions. The moment of its onset in each person depends on the characteristics of the vestibular apparatus. Some people fit better, some worse.

It should be understood that in the above cases, a sharp vertigo is, as it were, a protective reaction of the body, signaling the need to exclude some harmful factors that at that moment negatively affect the human body, that it is time for him to stop his activities and rest.

Disease as a cause of dizziness

Let's try to understand the deeper causes of sudden dizziness. There are a lot of them. And only qualified specialists can determine the true cause of constant dizziness. Among the possible:

bruises and concussions;
eardrum injury;
diseases of a viral and catarrhal nature;
poisoning with poisons, toxins, including alcohol and nicotine;
brain tumor;
Meniere's disease;
spinal pathology;
migraine, epilepsy;
diabetes;
a variety of pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, due to which normal blood circulation and the provision of the brain with the oxygen it needs are disturbed.

In addition to the above diseases, dizziness is considered a sign of numerous other disorders: diseases of the digestive tract, liver, diseases of the nervous system.

Cardiovascular diseases

Dizziness and loss of balance often indicate that the heart and blood vessels require attention.

When the blood pumped by the heart does not reach the brain well, and as a result, vertigo occurs, this can result in the well-known stroke, often ending in death.

Dizziness can be a sign of arrhythmia associated with a malfunction of the heart muscle, as well as indicate the presence of tachycardia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, as well as other diseases of the heart and circulatory system.

In people prone to low blood pressure, vertigo is always accompanied by general weakness and headaches.

Disorders of the vestibular apparatus

Often the signs of vertigo are diseases of the organs that are responsible for the orientation of a person in space, and these are the vestibular apparatus and the ear.

Vertigo can cause otitis media (inflammation in the middle ear), vestibular neuritis (inflammation of the vestibular nerve), Meniere's disease (inner ear damage), and other less common conditions.

In addition to dizziness, these diseases are usually accompanied by a sharp increase in body temperature or hearing acuity changes up to deafness, discharge from the ears, tinnitus appear.

Various pathologies of the brain and spinal cord

Vertigo is a constant companion of various diseases and abnormalities in the brain: tumors, migraines, epilepsy, various types of multiple sclerosis, numerous traumatic brain injuries, including bruises and brain damage.

Weakness, combined with sudden dizziness, appears in diseases of the upper spine. Inflammatory processes that occur in the spinal cord cause compression of nerve receptors, vessels that supply oxygen and other substances to the brain. Often observed in osteochondrosis.

First aid

If you suddenly find yourself in a situation where a person next to you feels dizzy, you need to provide him with the following help:

try to lay the person with his head up;
it is advisable to open the door or windows for fresh air access, this will significantly increase the amount of oxygen entering the room;
whiskey can be moistened with water or vinegar;
be sure to call a doctor.

If you need help yourself, and there is no one nearby:

firstly, you should never panic;
secondly, you need to sit down, or even better lie down, if the place allows, try to keep your head straight;
closing your eyes, take deep breaths;
massage the wrists of the other with the fingers of one hand;
if attacks of dizziness occur periodically, it is better to seek medical help as soon as possible.

If during vertigo the temperature rises, there is too much pain in the head, there is a general malaise and severe vomiting, a doctor should be called immediately.

The same should be done in case of a sudden and abrupt attack, if a person may have diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

Self-medication is not allowed. It is possible to eliminate periodic dizziness only by finding out its causes, and only highly qualified specialists can do this with the help of special diagnostic tools.

Prevention

What should be done to prevent vertigo? Do not remain indifferent to your health, be attentive to your body, undergo medical examinations in a timely manner - the main ways to significantly reduce the occurrence of seizures that are the result of other diseases.

It is necessary to adhere to the principle of alternating work and rest, not to resort to strict diets that require significant dietary restrictions. Maintaining an active lifestyle, playing sports also contribute to the prevention of this unpleasant phenomenon.

With the unreasonable manifestation of dizziness attacks, it is necessary to seek medical advice as soon as possible. Only highly qualified specialists can help permanently get rid of obsessive and interfering vertigo and restore comfort during work and rest.

What to do if you feel dizzy, there are incoordination and nausea?

The vestibular apparatus of a person, or rather its peripheral part, is located in the inner ear. It is he who is responsible for the correct orientation in space and balance. As a rule, the causes of severe dizziness and impaired coordination of movement lie in it. Violations in this apparatus lead to a disorder of visual and auditory perception, as well as a violation of tactile sensitivity. As a result, coordination during movement suffers, dizziness and nausea often appear.

Dizziness and lack of coordination are a common reason for visiting a doctor.

Treatment for dizziness and impaired coordination should be immediate and sufficiently intense. Broken neural connections lead to the fact that signals from the central nervous system are greatly distorted when transmitted to the muscles, or not transmitted at all. As a result, it may turn out that a person is not even able to get out of bed on his own. Therefore, symptoms such as loss of coordination, dizziness require an urgent consultation with a neurologist.

Causes of such disorders

Symptoms such as dizziness, loss of balance or coordination can be caused by various causes - viral infections (flu), cardiovascular pathologies, neurological diseases. The specific cause is established on an individual basis, but doctors include the most common of them:

persistent drug or alcohol abuse;
craniocerebral injuries, including in athletes;
acute disorders of cerebral circulation;
parkinsonism;
neuroinfections;
inflammatory diseases localized in the brain;
benign / malignant neoplasms;
anomaly Arnold-Chiari;
hydrocephalus;
osteochondrosis of the cervical spine;
neuronitis;
acute drug poisoning;
severe and prolonged lack of vitamin B12.

Dizziness and incoordination, the causes of which can be identified accurately and quickly, can be cured quite easily. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that it is simply impossible to understand the causes of the disease on your own - you will have to undergo a fairly extensive examination, and only after that the doctor can prescribe adequate treatment.

Signs that require medical attention

Despite the fact that such a diagnosis cannot be made on the basis of the patient's complaints alone, they have an important diagnostic value, allowing the doctor to determine the examination plan. As a rule, people complain of unsteadiness while walking, sudden loss of balance, blackouts in the eyes. Other typical symptoms include:

a false sensation of movement of the body or objects surrounding a person;
difficulties or inability to correctly orient in space;
nausea, in some cases vomiting is possible;
may suddenly begin to feel dizzy;
hearing loss;
in a standing position, unsteadiness is often observed;
gait disturbance, up to the possibility of falling;
sudden changes in blood pressure;
previously unusual weakness;
tremor in various parts of the body;
persistent and frequent pain in the head;
possible loss of consciousness.

Dizziness with loss of consciousness can be a symptom of a serious illness.

Such symptoms are almost always a reason for urgent medical attention. Some of these signs can be observed during pregnancy, but if they appear in an adult or a child, this is a reason for an immediate consultation with a specialist.

Diagnostics

The pathological condition that causes severe dizziness and loss of coordination is not so easy to establish. The first symptoms most often lead the patient to an otorhinolaryngologist, who will prescribe:

audiometry, which allows you to determine the degree of auditory sensitivity;
Ultrasound that visualizes the condition of the arteries in the spine;
CT or MRI of the brain, specifying the presence of tumor processes.

In most cases, consultations of other narrow specialists will be required - a neurologist, surgeon, therapist, neurosurgeon, oncologist, cardiologist. If such symptoms are caused by vegetovascular dystonia, then you may need to consult a psychologist or psychotherapist.

Treatment of vestibular disorders

Tactics of treatment of dizziness depends on the causes that cause them.

To completely get rid of unpleasant and dangerous symptoms, you will need not only drug treatment of the underlying disease, but also a set of some exercises, as well as a transition to a healthy lifestyle. When a person is worried about dizziness and loss of coordination in the morning, the doctor may prescribe drugs of various groups - it all depends on the final diagnosis. In most cases, the treatment process involves the use of the following drugs:

angioprotectors - strengthen and protect the walls of blood vessels from the effects of adverse factors;
nootropics - improve cerebral circulation;
hormonal drugs;
antibacterial therapy, prescribed taking into account the specific pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics;
vitamins A, C, group B.

Vitamins are vital substances for the body.

The sooner treatment is started, the greater the chance of a complete and rapid cure. When visiting a doctor for the first time, you need to describe all your feelings as fully as possible, which will help the doctor quickly navigate and draw up a diagnostic and treatment plan. Not knowing which doctor is better to turn to, you need to know that neurologists are more likely to deal with such problems.

Non-drug effects

If a slight incoordination can be eliminated quite easily, severe manifestations of the pathology require significant efforts not only by the doctor, but also by the patient himself. The mandatory treatment program includes physiotherapy exercises that help restore the body after an illness. Initially, the patient performs all exercises under the supervision of a specialist, after which independent studies begin.

The complexes of exercises are different, and are aimed at restoring balance when walking, eliminating weakness in the legs. Many patients have to re-learn accuracy and accuracy of movements, which are often lost with belated treatment. In the case when violations are localized in a separate part of the body, massage may be prescribed. The simplest, but quite effective exercises for normalizing the activity of the vestibular apparatus include several.