Erosive colitis - causes, first signs, symptoms and treatment. Common and different in the treatment of colitis in various forms of the course

Erosive colitis of the intestine is a disease that requires immediate hospitalization, a specialized diet and special post-therapeutic care. Of all the forms, it is erosive that is considered the most dangerous, as it provokes the appearance of ulcers. With this disease, the patient must be provided with correct and timely treatment, otherwise chronic colitis can develop into a peptic ulcer.

Features of erosive colitis of the intestine

Erosive colitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine with the formation of ulcerative lesions. It is more common in people aged 15-30 years. It affects men and women equally. The second peak of incidence is recorded at the age of 60–70 years.
Erosive is one of the initial stages of the inflammatory process. In fact, the erosive form is one of the steps in the pathogenesis of the disease. First, the patient develops superficial colitis, which affects only the superficial layers of the intestinal mucosa, and then, in the absence of adequate treatment, the inflammation deepens with the formation of erosions.

Colitis can be caused by a wide range of factors. Some of them (for example, genetic predisposition) are purely individual. The primary cause of the pathology should be identified by the attending physician and, in accordance with the data obtained, draw up the required course of therapy.

This type of disease is not always considered as a variant of an independent pathology. It is believed that this is the initial stage. In this case, the inflammation of the mucous tissue is not as pronounced as if an ulcer had developed.

The reasons

Possible causes of erosive colitis:

Symptoms of erosive colitis of the intestine

This disease manifests itself in different ways, but the main symptoms are similar to, so not everyone seeks medical help on time.

Primary symptoms of erosive colitis:

Even with these symptoms, you need to contact a specialist. If they are ignored, the inflammatory process begins to intensify, turning into malignant forms and affecting more healthy tissues. Then the person shows the following symptoms:

increase in heart rate;
increased blood pressure;
fever;
foreign matter in the stool;
almost constant vomiting;
general weakness;
acute pain in the stomach and intestines.

The following symptoms may also appear:

In addition to blood, a large amount of mucus and pus comes out with feces.
In 65% of patients, prolonged diarrhea is observed (the number of bowel movements can reach up to 20 times a day).
Often, patients complain of the appearance of rectal spitting (during defecation, mucus with pus comes out instead of feces).
At night, many people experience an irresistible desire to go to the toilet. It is nighttime bowel movements that can make a gastroenterologist suspect chronic erosive colitis.
The picture of the characteristic symptoms of erosive colitis is supplemented by fecal incontinence, constant bloating.

After a long progression of the disease, periods of exacerbation and remission may begin. For the period of exacerbation, the following symptoms are characteristic:
Treatment of erosive colitis can be outpatient or inpatient, it all depends on the stage of the disease. Even after the diagnosis is established, treatment is not started immediately. The patient needs to undergo certain examinations in order to find out the cause that provoked the inflammation.

It is the constant diarrhea and bloating that are the characteristic symptoms of erosive colitis, and without proper treatment, it will quickly turn into chronic.

If a person turns to a specialist at this stage of the disease, then in 80% of cases, doctors guarantee a positive outcome. To prevent the chronicity of the inflammatory process, it is important to start the treatment of erosive colitis on time.

Consequences for the body

Given the latent nature of the initial stage of the disease, often its development is not accompanied by appropriate therapeutic measures. That is why the risk of developing complications is high:

stomach or intestinal bleeding;
colon perforation;
stomatitis;
liver pathology;
oncology.

Treatment

Treatment of erosive colitis can be outpatient or inpatient, it all depends on the stage of the disease. Even after the diagnosis is established, treatment is not started immediately. The patient needs to undergo certain examinations in order to find out the cause that provoked the inflammation.
Dietary nutrition for erosive colitis is usually developed by a doctor. In different people, it may differ, depending on the individual characteristics of the patient and the nature of his disease.

To eliminate the problems caused by the pathological process, antibacterial treatment is used, agents that restore the intestinal microflora, hemosorption, intravenous infusion of rheopolyglucin or hemodez.

To maintain the body, the treatment plan includes vitamins of group B, ascorbic acid, a fat-soluble group - D, A. Considering the unstable neuropsychic status of patients, it would be useful to use sedatives.

Important! Only a doctor can prescribe the method of using drugs and their dosage. For each patient they are individual.

Diet

Dietary nutrition for erosive colitis is usually developed by a doctor. In different people, it may differ, depending on the individual characteristics of the patient and the nature of his disease.

The therapeutic diet is sparing, patients are recommended:

Eat often, in small portions.
Cook exclusively for a couple.
Choose lean ground meat or fish for this.
Eliminate coarse fiber from the diet.

With erosive colitis, the diet should include:	Among the prohibited foods can be safely attributed:
Eggs; Soups; Kashi; Homemade juices with pulp; Cracker; Yesterday's white bread; Fish - lean, boiled; Walnuts; Some types of berries and fruits (only in pureed form); Cottage cheese; Kiseli; Decoction of wild rose, black currant, blueberry; Weak tea.	Meat and fish of fatty varieties; Seeds; Bran; Dairy; legumes; soy products; Sesame; sour berries; hot spices; Fast food products; Carbonated drinks; Coffee, chocolate; Ketchup, Sauces; Fried, spicy, fatty and salty; green onions; Garlic; Spinach, radish, sorrel; Dried apricots, kiwi.

If the diet is not followed and various culinary excesses are often allowed, then very soon relatively harmless erosions are transformed into numerous ulcerative foci. As a result, the disease becomes more severe, the treatment of which will be more difficult and longer.

the diet must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist;
you can not eat hot food, it is better a little warm and steamed;
doctors do not recommend eating at night for colitis; in chronic colitis and diarrhea, the diet should be designed so that the patient can eat every 2 hours;
proper treatment of colitis implies that the patient will monitor his well-being when using certain products;
if the symptoms worsen, then this food is not suitable for the patient;
it is better to refrain from self-medication and, especially, from home medicine recipes.

Prevention

Preventive measures:

Stop abusing bad habits, in particular smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages (even with a low percentage of alcohol).
Coffee can aggravate the disease, cause bloating, diarrhea and abdominal pain. In addition, it provokes the re-development of erosive colitis.
Regular preventive examinations will allow you to identify the problem at an early stage and prevent its progression in time.
An active lifestyle and proper nutrition are the keys to overall health.

Erosive colitis of the intestine is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, accompanied by the formation of ulcerative lesions.

Among all types of colitis, it is the most dangerous. First, erosive colitis has the largest list of complications. Secondly, the disease does not have a gender-age binding - it can be detected in both children and adults.

As a diagnosis of erosive colitis, a complete blood count, bacterial culture, microscopic and macroscopic examination of feces, colonoscopy and the study of feces for the presence of helminthic invasions are used.

Reasons for development

Chronic colitis usually develops as a result of ignoring the symptoms of the disease in an acute form. One of the main reasons that provoke the onset of the disease is considered an unbalanced diet, saturated with fatty, fried and smoked foods.

Among other factors that lead to bowel disease, the most common are:

infections and various pathogenic bacteria;
genetic predisposition;
weakened immunity and chronic dysbacteriosis;
helminthiasis, salmonellosis and dysentery;
lack of enzymes produced by the pancreas.

The cause of intestinal colitis may be the abuse of pharmaceutical drugs such as laxatives, antibiotics or analgesics.

Colitis is often provoked by chronic stress and severe overwork, intoxication or poisoning with various chemicals, radioactive exposure and disruption of the local blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract.

How does erosive colitis become chronic?

Initially, a person acquires colitis in the primary form, when the inflammatory process affects only the surface layer of the mucous membranes of the intestinal tract.

If the patient has ignored the appropriate therapeutic measures and dietary recommendations, the disease transforms into a phase that is accompanied by the development of an inflammatory process and the occurrence of erosive damage that affects the mucous membranes.

Symptoms of erosive colitis of the intestine progress when the patient abuses alcohol, tobacco, and does not want to take any measures to get rid of the disease. In such cases, the disease turns into an ulcerative form and is accompanied by a number of negative symptoms.

Symptoms

This disease manifests itself in different ways, but the main symptoms are similar to those of gastritis, so not everyone seeks medical help in time.

Primary symptoms of erosive colitis:

discomfort and pain in the stomach;
nausea, vomiting;
unpleasant odor and taste in the mouth;
digestive disorders: diarrhea, constipation, heartburn, flatulence;
permanent lack of appetite.

increase in heart rate;
increased blood pressure;
fever;
foreign matter in the stool;
almost constant vomiting;
general weakness;
acute pain in the stomach and intestines.

The following symptoms may also appear:

In addition to blood, a large amount of mucus and pus comes out with feces.
In 65% of patients, prolonged diarrhea is observed (the number of bowel movements can reach up to 20 times a day).
Often, patients complain of the appearance of rectal spitting (during defecation, mucus with pus comes out instead of feces).
At night, many people experience an irresistible desire to go to the toilet. It is nighttime bowel movements that can make a gastroenterologist suspect chronic erosive colitis.
The picture of the characteristic symptoms of erosive colitis is supplemented by fecal incontinence, constant bloating.

After a long progression of the disease, periods of exacerbation and remission may begin. For the period of exacerbation, the following symptoms are characteristic:

bloating;
diarrhea (up to incontinence);
anal bleeding;
a sharp increase in temperature;
the formation of a rash on the outer shells of the internal organs.

It is the constant diarrhea and bloating that are the characteristic symptoms of erosive colitis, and without proper treatment, it will quickly turn into chronic.

Complications

All complications can be divided into local and general. Local are formed in the digestive system and appear as:

acute or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding;
megacolon - an increase in the size of the colon;
perforation of ulcers in the intestine;
benign and malignant tumors.

General complications can affect any other organs, as well as worsen the condition of the body as a whole. These include:

stomatitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth;
disorders in the liver;
thrombosis of various vessels;
pain in the joints;
blurred vision;
skin rashes;
decrease in working capacity;
constant weakness.

Diagnostics

Erosive colitis is detected using laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, which have the maximum information content in this case.

Before making a diagnosis, it is necessary to pass tests and undergo the following examinations:

General blood analysis. Shows an inflammatory process in the body, less often anemia associated with internal blood loss.
Microscopic and macroscopic analysis of feces. Informative signs will be the presence of mucus, traces of blood, undigested food and other components in the feces.
Bacterial culture to detect the causative agent of the disease.
Examination of feces for worm eggs and scraping for enterobiasis.
Irrigoscopy. Allows you to clarify the localization and nature of inflammation in the intestine.
Colonoscopy. The method evaluates the condition of the mucosa, allows you to take cells from the affected area of the intestine for a biopsy.
Histology. The biological material taken from the focus of inflammation during the biopsy is evaluated. This is necessary to exclude oncology and assess the nature of the lesion.

Treatment

How to treat erosive colitis of the intestine? For this, both medical and folk methods are used. The therapy itself can be inpatient or outpatient - it all depends on the stage of the disease and the patient's condition. In especially advanced cases, surgical intervention may be necessary, which consists in removing the affected areas of the intestine.

Medical methods of treatment

For the treatment of erosive colitis, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

Medicines based on 5-acetylsalicylic acid (Pentasa, Sulfasalisin, Mezavant, Salfalk) - have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, strengthen local immunity;
Glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone) - are used in the most severe cases, help eliminate intestinal bleeding and inflammation;
Immunosuppressive drugs (Cyclosporine, Methotrexate, Azathioprine) - are used when therapy with glucocorticosteroid drugs has not had a therapeutic effect;
Corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednosolone);
Antibiotics - kill pathogenic microorganisms;
Vitamins (D, A, C, group B) - strengthen the body;
Probiotics - restore intestinal microflora;
Sedatives - normalize the mental state of the patient;
Painkillers - relieve pain.

Important! Only a doctor can prescribe the method of using drugs and their dosage. For each patient they are individual.

Diet

It is an integral part of the treatment. Without compliance with it, the effectiveness of conservative methods is reduced and spreads to other parts of the intestine. With disruptions in the diet, it is not possible to achieve stable remission, relapses of the disease become more frequent. The likelihood of using surgical intervention increases.

General principles:

Eating fractional portions at least 6 times a day. Exclude salty, fried and fatty foods from the diet. Food should be pureed or finely chopped, boiled or steamed.
Eat foods that are neither too hot nor too cold.
Eat less plant foods, no more than 1 time, reduce the amount of fiber (legumes, bread), this further irritates the mucous membrane.
Reduce the amount of fruits, especially raspberries, as they negatively affect digestion.
Drink water, at least 250 ml at a time, but if you have heart problems, you should reduce the amount to a liter.
Add dairy products to improve digestion.
Limit the consumption of meat products, as they take the longest to process and are capable of rotting processes.

Dietary nutrition for erosive colitis is usually developed by a doctor. In different people, it may differ, depending on the individual characteristics of the patient and the nature of his disease.

Nutrition in an acute process

An acute illness requires the exclusion of any meals for the first 2 days, it is allowed to drink water, decoctions of wild rose or blueberries. Gradually, after the relief of inflammation, the above products return, at first the portions are small to adapt the digestive tract.

Nutrition in a chronic process

The chronic form requires adherence to recommendations for a long time to achieve remission. During exacerbation, food intake is also limited, first portions are reduced, then gradually increased. With a complete cure, the diet does not stop, since its absence can provoke the re-development of colitis.

Treatment with folk remedies

Honey and water are mixed in a glass in proportion of a tablespoon of honey and 200 ml of warm boiled water. Such a "sweet water" should be drunk 1/3 cup 3 times a day. The duration of use is at least 45 days.
Half a teaspoon of bee bread three times a day - it should be eaten with a small amount of warm water before meals. Duration of use - 30 days.
Mix 1 tablespoon of honey and 200 ml of apple juice. Drink half a glass twice a day. Duration of admission - 30 days.

Note:if doctors have diagnosed, in addition to colitis, gastritis and / or gastric ulcer, then apple juice is categorically contraindicated for use.

3 tablespoons of dried chamomile flowers pour 700 ml of boiling water and leave for 4-6 hours. Then 100 g of honey is added to the resulting infusion. The drug is taken 150 ml 3-4 times a day. The duration of treatment is 45 days.
2 tablespoons of dry St. John's wort pour 500 ml of boiling water and cook the product at a low boil for 15 minutes. Infuse the decoction for at least 2 hours, then strain and take 1/3 cup three times a day half an hour before meals. Duration of treatment 0 30 days.
3 tablespoons of blueberry leaves (or fruits) pour 600 ml of boiling water, leave for 10 hours. Then strain and take 200 ml three times a day.

Any folk remedies that are taken for colitis should be prepared from raw materials purchased from pharmacies. Do not forget to get permission for such therapy from your doctor, and do not "discount" the possibility of an allergic reaction. Colitis is a disease that can begin with innocent constipation and pain in the intestines, and end with perforation of the intestinal wall, sepsis or peritonitis. Only timely medical care will be the guarantor of successful prognosis.

Prevention

To avoid the development of erosive colitis, it is necessary:

undergo a general medical examination at least once a year;
forget about bad habits;
comprehensive and proper nutrition;
to live an active lifestyle;
strengthen immunity.

Erosive colitis is an insidious disease that greatly disrupts the normal life of a person. At the first symptoms, you should consult a doctor, because it can cause serious complications.

Erosive colitis is an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane, accompanied by the occurrence of erosions in the initial section of the small intestine. First, the patient develops a superficial lesion, which initially affects only the upper layer, then the inflammation worsens and passes to the inner layers.

This form can last for years, and in the absence of a diet, the presence of a chronic pathology of erosion turns into ulcerative formations, which aggravates the course of the disease.

Causes of pathology:

Wrong diet: eating junk food in excess, expired foods; a large amount of alcohol;
Taking medications that negatively affect the gastrointestinal tract: antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs;
Prolonged stress and, as a result, an increase in the acidity of gastric juice, due to which the mucous membrane becomes thinner;
Chronic inflammatory processes: gastritis, reduced production of pancreatic enzymes, called pancreatitis, congenital enzymatic insufficiency of the intestine - all this leads to insufficient digestion of food and the development of inflammation;
Acute diseases: dysentery, salmonellosis, helminth infection;
The presence of pathology in relatives.

This type is quite difficult to confuse with other diseases. Similar to the course of the ulcerative appearance, the difference from which is the low severity of pathological changes, easy diagnosis and low probability of perforation. An additional feature is the presentation of complaints of abdominal pain, which is why the pathology is confused with gastritis, which is fraught with inadequate treatment.

Specific features

Pain in the abdomen, the cause of which is often hidden inside the sigmoid colon with a long course of the disease, localized in the left side; the epigastrium is rarely affected;
Symptom of heaviness in the stomach after eating;
Frequent violations of the chair;
"Melena" (the more blood, the worse the inflammation, anemia and other complications will develop faster);
The presence of pus, mucus on the feces;
Feeling of heaviness and incomplete emptying;
Bloating due to severe gas formation;
Rumbling.

Non-specific signs

Weakness, fatigue, low performance, drowsiness or insomnia, feeling unwell;
Nausea, vomiting;
Belching, loss of appetite, bad breath;
Symptoms of complications: rise in temperature, pallor of the skin, dizziness, fainting.

An acute process is often accompanied by specific symptoms, a chronic one includes additional non-specific ones. In 10% of cases, patients complain of various rashes due to liver damage, arrhythmia, joint pain, and eye disorders. The more the intestines are affected, the more pronounced the symptoms.

If the above symptoms appear, it is forbidden to self-medicate. Thus, you can aggravate your condition. Adults should seek immediate medical attention. The doctor will prescribe the necessary comprehensive diagnostics, which is designed to show deviations.

Therapy

Treatment includes many techniques. The basis should be conservative methods, with the inefficiency of which they switch to operational ones. The folk way of healing is not excluded, but only as a supplement.

ethnoscience

Before use, consultation with a gastroenterologist is necessary, since any remedy has side effects.

diet therapy

General principles:

Nutrition in an acute process

Nutrition in a chronic process

Conservative therapy

Anti-inflammatory drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid (Pentasa, Salofalk, Sulfasalazine). Additionally, local immune responses are reduced.
Autoimmune drugs (Cyclosporine, Methotrexate). Used in a confirmed autoimmune process.
Glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone) with the development of a pronounced inflammatory process with the development of complications.
Antibacterial treatment is rarely prescribed, with the addition of bacterial complications. By themselves, they negatively affect the intestinal mucosa.
Analgesics (Ketorol, Analgin) with severe pain.
Vitamins of groups A, B, D, C.
Sedative drugs (Valerian) to normalize the mental state.

Operational technique

It is indicated for frequent recurrence, progression of the disease, severe condition of the patient. Failure can provoke a malignancy of the process. Patients are subject to hospitalization. Additional surveys are being carried out. The operation is radical with the removal of the affected intestine, followed by reconstruction.

Intervention may cause discomfort, but temporary. Requires a lifelong diet, registration for a year with a gastroenterologist.

Erosive colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with ulcerative lesions. The pathology affects only the large intestine and very rarely affects the small intestine in its distal part.

Erosive colitis of the intestine is more common in people aged 15 to 30 years. It affects men and women equally.

The second peak of incidence is recorded at the age of 60–70 years. In Western countries, the pathology is more common. Patients with white skin color are 4 times more likely to suffer from erosive colitis than African Americans and Hispanics.

Causes and risk factors

The final cause of the pathological condition is unknown.

Many factors influence the development of the disease:

genetic;
immunological;
infectious;
dietary;
environmental;
hygienic.

The primary cause of the disease should be identified by the attending physician, in accordance with the data obtained, he draws up a course of treatment.

Possible causes of erosive colitis:

diet low in fiber;
associated diseases of the digestive system;
alcohol abuse;
prolonged use of medications that disrupt the intestinal microflora;
helminthic invasions;
dysbacteriosis;
impaired blood supply to internal organs;
poisoning with harmful substances and toxins;
bacterial or viral infection;
sedentary lifestyle;
congenital anomalies of the intestine.

Genetic predisposition plays a big role, because the disease is more common in families.

Stress, anxiety, or other mental problems do not cause erosive colitis. However, stress can contribute to an acute outbreak of the disease.

Clinical picture

Erosive colitis is one of the initial stages of the inflammatory process in the intestine.. Symptoms of the disease are not specific and fit many other pathologies. Based on the signs, a diagnosis cannot be made, but inflammation of the colon can be suspected in order to prescribe an informative examination.

Signs of erosive colitis:

diarrhea;
abdominal pain;
fatigue;
loss of appetite;
decrease in weight.

About 80% of patients experience pain during exacerbations. They appear in the left lower abdomen during or after a bowel movement.

The acute period of the disease is manifested by severe diarrhea and constant urge to defecate. This can happen up to 30 times a day. In combination with diarrhea, cramping pains appear, usually in the left lower abdomen. Since vitamins and nutrients are not absorbed to the normal extent, this results in blood loss.

These symptoms appear as intermittent attacks between periods of remission. This condition may last for months or years.

Additional features

Excruciating symptoms may be accompanied by high fever, rapid heartbeat, and an increase in the number of white blood cells.

Erosive colitis can manifest itself outside the gastrointestinal tract, these are the so-called extra-intestinal manifestations.

Symptoms:

Joint pain. As a rule, large joints suffer. Joint pain comes along with acute attacks. However, smaller joints often remain painful on a permanent basis, regardless of the level of activity of erosive colitis with the formation of ulcerative lesions.
Bloating. Patients with this disease suffer from increased flatulence. Although this is not entirely typical for this disease. Intestinal gases can put pressure on higher organs, causing belching, loss of appetite, and nausea. Flatulence appears due to a violation of the flora as a result of erosive colitis.
Nausea. Although this is not one of the leading symptoms, nausea is often combined with bloody mucous stools and convulsive pain in the abdomen.
Vomiting blood. Because lesions are more commonly found in the lower digestive tract, this symptom is rare.

Chronic erosive is manifested by inflammation of the eyes and bile ducts (primary sclerosing cholangitis). The bile ducts become narrower, resulting in damage to the liver.

Diagnostics

The pathology is difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are similar to other bowel disorders, especially irritable bowel syndrome. The disease differs from Crohn's disease in that inflammation is limited to the upper layers of the intestinal membrane, while the second pathology provokes the development of the process throughout the entire thickness of the walls of the organ.

Diagnosis of erosive colitis requires a thorough physical examination and testing.

To confirm the suspicions of the attending physician, they carry out:

An x-ray is taken. The patient is given an enema with a contrast agent. The picture allows you to see erosion with the formation of ulcers or other anomalies.

Complications and consequences

Erosive colitis in most cases is chronic and develops gradually. Rarely, the disease leads to various kinds of complications.

The consequences of a neglected pathology:

gastrointestinal bleeding;
perforation;
megacolon;
paralytic intestinal obstruction;
dilation;
development of colon or rectal cancer.

In severe cases, the patient is given a blood transfusion, which can lead to infection. Perhaps the development of peritonitis and sepsis.

Therapeutic measures

Treatment for erosive colitis depends on the severity of the disease. Pathology is treated with drugs, with the exception of the products that caused the exacerbation. Treatment is adjusted depending on the course of the disease.

Emotional and psychological support is essential. Patients with erosive colitis of the intestine are advised to visit a psychotherapist.

Treatment of the disease begins with the use of a certain group of medicines.

With erosive colitis appoint:

Treatment with 5-ASA agents, including a combination of 5-aminosalicylic acids and Sulfasalazine to help control inflammation. The latter drug is prescribed more often. Patients who do not respond well to Sulfasalazine treatment are treated with 5-ASA. Possible side effects: nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, headache.
Patients with severe erosive colitis and those who do not respond to 5-ASA treatment are treated with corticosteroids. Prednisone, Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone are used to reduce inflammation. Corticosteroids are taken orally, administered intravenously or through an enema. It is possible to use medicines in the form of suppositories, depending on the site of inflammation. Corticosteroids can cause side effects such as weight gain, acne, facial hair growth, hypertension, diabetes, mood swings, and an increased risk of contracting other diseases due to a weakened immune system.
Immunosuppressive drugs such as Azathioprine, Methotrexate, Cyclosporine are used in extreme cases.

Other drugs are also prescribed that relieve pain, reduce the frequency of urging to the toilet.

Sometimes the symptoms of erosive colitis are too severe for a person to be hospitalized.. For example, if there is bleeding or severe diarrhea causing dehydration.

In such cases, the patient will need to follow a special diet, may need to be fed through a vein or undergo surgery.

Prevention

Preventing the development of the disease is much easier than suffering from the manifestations of erosive colitis and treating it for a long time.

Preventive measures:

Stop abusing bad habits, in particular smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages (even with a low percentage of alcohol).
Coffee can aggravate the disease, cause bloating, diarrhea and abdominal pain. In addition, it provokes the re-development of erosive colitis.
Regular preventive examinations will allow you to identify the problem at an early stage and prevent its progression in time.
An active lifestyle and proper nutrition are the keys to overall health.

An insidious disease disrupts human life. When the first signs appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Erosive colitis does not affect life expectancy. After the disease is cured, the prognosis is good if the patient takes all precautions so as not to provoke a relapse.

Erosive colitis of the intestine is considered a serious disease that requires careful attention to itself. In most cases, the development of this inflammatory process requires immediate hospitalization with special therapeutic procedures and certain dietary restrictions. Inflammation in the colon caused by this disease has several forms, the most dangerous of which is erosive, as a result of which ulcers form on the mucosa. Without timely therapy and in the absence of a proper diet, chronic colitis easily develops into peptic ulcer.

Although colitis develops differently for everyone, however, a characteristic feature of this disease is a symptomatology that is very close to gastritis. It is for this reason that patients postpone visiting a doctor and often turn to medicine for help at the wrong time. The first symptoms of erosive colitis are as follows:

pain in the location of the stomach and persistent discomfort;
bouts of nausea;
bad breath with a characteristic taste in the mouth;
violation of the processes of digestion;
loss of appetite.

If these symptoms appear, you should consult a specialist. If you get help at this stage, then in more than eighty percent of cases you can expect a complete cure. Timely initiated therapy will prevent the development of a chronic form of intestinal colitis. Otherwise, the inflammation will continue to develop with the involvement of an increasing amount of healthy tissue in the process with the threat of transition to a malignant state. With the further development of pathological changes in the state of the intestine, erosive colitis manifests itself as follows:

patients feel an increase in the frequency of heart contractions;
blood pressure rises;
febrile symptoms begin to appear;
particles of undigested food are found in intestinal secretions;
bouts of vomiting become permanent;
acute pain occurs in the intestines and stomach;
patients feel general malaise, weakness, dizziness.

There are also changes in the nature of the feces, which become more pronounced as the disease progresses, for example:

in the feces there is a large amount of pus and mucus, and streaks of blood are also observed;
more than half of the patients begin to suffer from recurrent diarrhea, the urge to which can reach up to twenty per day;
often during defecation, only mucus containing pus is released;
the urge to void continues at night, which is the main reason for suspecting the presence of chronic erosive colitis;
confirmation of the erosive form is fecal incontinence with constant bloating.

Erosive colitis can occur with exacerbations, which are replaced by periods of remission. During exacerbations, patients are able to experience symptoms in the form of bleeding from the anus, fever, and also in the form of rashes on the intestinal mucosa.

What it looks like, photo

Erosive colitis is an inflammation that develops on the lining of the large intestine, as it develops, lesions form on it in the form of ulcers. Pathology occurs with the same frequency in both women and men, the average age of patients is in the range from 15 to 30 years, the second peak of the disease is observed in older people after 60 years.

Erosive colitis is the first stage of inflammatory tissue damage, which, when examined on equipment, looks like damage to the surface layer of the mucosa lining the large intestine from the inside. In the absence of the necessary treatment, a different picture can be observed: inflammation on the mucosa deepens more and more and affects the submucosal layers with the formation of areas with erosion.

This disease of erosive colitis is often considered the initial stage of ulcerative colitis, with similar symptoms of ulcerative colitis, but with their lesser severity.

The reasons

Factors that can cause intestinal colitis can be completely different reasons, but the main ones are considered to be a genetic predisposition to the development of such pathological changes in the digestive tract, as well as a gross violation of the diet. The underlying causes that led to the development of colitis should be determined by the attending physician and, based on the examination, outline the course of treatment necessary in each individual case. Most often, the development of colitis can occur when the following conditions are created:

Any of these conditions can lead to changes in the intestinal mucosa. It is necessary to take all measures to prevent provoking factors, which will avoid the development of such a serious lesion as erosive colitis.

The main types and forms of the disease

One of the features of erosive colitis is the difficulty in its classification, so it is divided into types and forms according to specific characteristics.

Acute form of erosive colitis

It is this form of colitis that makes patients with this disease seek medical help. Since the condition accompanying this form is accompanied by rather painful manifestations, often reaching such intensity that it is impossible to get rid of pain even with the help of antispasmodics. Moreover, the pain as the inflammation develops only increases, causing the need for immediate medical attention. If this does not happen and drug therapy has not been applied to patients, then over time, the painful symptoms subside, which does not mean recovery, but rather, on the contrary, the acute form of the disease takes on a chronic form, which is much more difficult and longer to treat.

Chronic form of colitis

The disease acquires such properties as a result of untreated acute colitis, as well as in the case of a complete lack of medical care. If the acute state of the disease is accompanied by non-compliance with the correct diet, which is mandatory for inflammation in the intestines, then colitis most often takes a chronic form with frequent periods of exacerbation and subsequent remission states. With relapses, painful symptoms manifest themselves quite actively, not subsiding, but only reducing their intensity even during periods of calm.

In addition to the forms of colitis, it has several types that characterize it, as follows:

ulcerative- is determined by the presence of ulcerated foci on the mucous membrane of the large intestine. For its development, there must be a reason in the form of a previous dysbacteriosis, a violation of the principles of proper nutrition, as well as insufficient physical activity. It can take three stages of development, the most dangerous of them is the last third stage, often ending with a rupture of the intestinal wall, and in the absence of emergency treatment, the development of sepsis and death.
Spastic- occurs against the background of a decrease in intestinal motility. It manifests itself as a persistent violation of defecation in the form of prolonged constipation, which cannot be eliminated even with appropriate medications. It entails the formation of cracks on the walls of the colon, caused by the dryness of its walls. When diagnosing, it requires the use of the method of rectoscopy.
catarrhal- represents one of the stages of the general disease. Differs in rapid development with the possession of pronounced signs. May be the result of food and alcohol poisoning.
atrophic- serves as the final stage of the spastic form, is accompanied by a weakening of the smooth muscles in the intestine, in the absence of treatment it easily takes on an ulcerative appearance. It threatens with perforation, turning into sepsis and peritonitis.
Erosive - considered the initial stage of the ulcerative form, it shows symptoms similar to the latter, but to a lesser extent.
diffuse- the most severe condition affecting the large intestine and small intestine, manifesting severe symptoms from the beginning of its formation.

Since colitis can have many types, it is often quite difficult to diagnose and determine the nature of the disease. The doctor needs to conduct a careful examination, on the basis of which he will draw conclusions about the further therapy necessary in the case of each specific type of colitis.

Diagnostics

In the diagnosis of erosive colitis, various methods are used, ranging from interviewing the patient to the most complex instrumental examination of the intestinal cavity. In this capacity, the following is used:

It is not at all necessary that all these diagnostic methods will be applied to one patient. Often the disease has pronounced symptoms that do not require multiple confirmation.

Principle of treatment

To eliminate colitis, the patient must undergo medical treatment in compliance with a strict diet. The very principles of therapy for this disease can be attributed to its two types in the form of inpatient or outpatient treatment. Both of these types involve seeing a doctor, following certain dietary restrictions, and taking medication. The inpatient method of treatment is used for patients with severe colitis to apply serious methods of treatment to them, up to the removal of the affected tissue. The treatment carried out should take into account the characteristics of the infectious process, its stage and the damage caused.

Medical treatment

As the main treatment for patients with colitis, various drugs are used, each of which has a whole set of properties aimed at the inflammatory process, namely:

When choosing among drugs, it is necessary to pay special attention to the diseases associated with colitis, such as cracks formed in the anal mucosa or sigmoiditis, as well as other possible pathologies. All of them also need treatment.

Folk remedies

According to official medicine, it is impossible to cure colitis with folk remedies alone. But it is quite possible to increase the duration of the remission period, as well as to facilitate the course of the exacerbation period with recipes based on medicinal plants. For this, a variety of components are used in the form of decoctions, infusions, healing baths, compresses and much more. These recipes include:

Honey water prepared from 1 tbsp. l. honey and a glass of warm water, which is drunk in a third of a glass up to three times a day.
Eat a small spoonful of perga daily with warm water.
A mixture of a spoonful of honey and 200 g of apple juice, drink 0.5 cups in the morning and evening.
Dry herb St. John's wort in the amount of 2 tables. lies. brew 0.5 l of boiling water and keep on fire, not bringing to a boil for no more than 10 minutes, leave for about an hour.

Any remedy used to treat colitis should use pharmacy-prepared herbs and formulations. Before using one of them, you need to consult with a specialist.

Prevention

Prevention against the development of erosive colitis is simple, it does not require much time and effort to carry it out, and timely prevention is preferable to the treatment of an advanced disease.

In order not to provoke the development of colitis in the large intestine, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

at the first suspicion of changes in the condition of the intestinal mucosa, immediately visit a doctor;
adhere to a healthy lifestyle, give more time to movement and eat right;
try to permanently part with the existing bad habits.

The state of his gastrointestinal tract depends on how much the patient takes care of his body, what foods he eats. Proper nutrition plays a large role in preventive methods aimed at preventing erosive colitis.

Erosive chronic colitis is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous tissue of the colon. The disease is accompanied by characteristic symptoms in the form of flatulence, constipation and diarrhea, bloating and painful manifestations. Pathological changes in the state of the intestine are caused by a decrease in immune defense, with dysbacteriosis or inflammation in one of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. According to ICD-10, the chronic form of erosive colitis is designated by the code K50-52.

Diet

The leading role in the treatment of colitis is given to nutrition, not only during periods of exacerbations and intensive care, but also during long-term remission. The main requirements to be followed are:

do not eat food that is difficult for the stomach to digest;
adhere to fractional nutrition;
increase the proportion of vitamins, fresh fruits and vegetables;
do not eat at night;
give preference to steamed dishes.

If, following these tips, the state of health continues to deteriorate, then you should review your diet and exclude from it that which can disrupt the normal functioning of the intestines.

Complications

Since erosive colitis is not always possible to diagnose in the initial stages, its development is often not accompanied by the necessary treatment. Against the background of the absence of therapy, the risk of complications remains very high, which manifests itself in the form of the following conditions:

development of intestinal or gastric bleeding;
perforation of the walls of the large intestine;
changes in the state of the oral cavity in the form of stomatitis;
pathological disorders in the liver;
oncological diseases.

The erosive form of intestinal colitis in order to avoid irreversible consequences requires immediate medical care. A variety of factors can serve its development, and even in the absence of characteristic symptoms, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and observing a light diet is of great importance that can affect the nature of the disease.