Tramadol release forms and doses. Application restrictions

Tramal is considered one of the best painkillers. This is a drug that is a synthetic analgesic. Refers to opioids. Its action is defined as mixed. Tramal is produced in various forms.

The most active component of the drug is tramadol. According to research, this substance has established itself as a weak analogue of morphine. Taking tramadol in small doses is unlikely to have any side effects on the human body. It is used for the purpose of therapy for patients of different ages, there are also dosages designed for children. The main rule for obtaining a good effect is to carefully follow the recommendations of a specialist during treatment with the drug and not exceed the dose indicated by him.

The doctor, based on the results of the examination of the patient, can prescribe him a medicine in a certain form. The difference between the two is in the quality of the assimilation process. The decision is made depending on the condition of the patient.

The release of the drug is carried out in the following forms:

The use of the drug Tramal according to the instructions

Indications for use medicines Tramal in the form of tablets and other forms may be different. Basically, Tramal, according to the instructions for use, in the form of intramuscular injections and medication in other forms, is prescribed in such cases:

• Recovery after injuries of varying severity;
• Postoperative periods;
• Pain after myocardial infarction;
• Oncological diseases;
• Procedures that are accompanied by severe pain.

Contraindications for use

Painkiller Tramal can be used with restrictions. Contraindications to the use of the drug are:

1. Poisoning with drugs (hypnotics, opioids with analgesic properties, psychotropic substances), alcohol;
2. You can not use Tramal with drug withdrawal;
3. Violations of the functionality of the kidneys and liver;
4. It is unacceptable to use Tramal Retard at the same time as treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and after their cancellation - within two weeks.

During pregnancy and during lactation, Tramal tablets can be used if there are vital indications. In this case, therapy should be limited to a single dose of the drug.

If the patient has renal or hepatic insufficiency, it is likely that the effect of the drug will be prolonged. In this case, it may be necessary to increase the interval between doses prescribed for admission.

Methods of use, dosage

Tramal's injections instructions for use allow for intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular injections.

Tramal tablets and other oral forms instructions for use allows you to use regardless of the time of the meal. When using capsules, they should be washed down, the drops are stirred in a small amount of liquid. You can also put the right amount of drops on a piece of refined sugar and eat it.

Rectal suppositories are used for insertion into the rectum.

Doses for taking Tramal 200 should be established by the doctor observing the disease. They are selected depending on how strong the pain syndrome is and where it is localized. It should be noted that the duration of therapy should not be longer than the relief of pain occurs.

What kind of drug is Tramal, they will find out mainly if necessary, get rid of serious pain. To relieve pain, even at high intensity, a dose of 400 mg of tramadol hydrochloride per day is often sufficient. You can start with a dose of 100 mg to immediately achieve a strong effect. Higher doses of Tramal in injections and other forms can be used in periods after surgery and for the treatment of pain syndromes, which is often necessary for cancer patients.

Side effects of the drug

Do not forget that Tramal is a drug with a narcotic effect.

With irrational use, as well as when using Tramal according to the instructions for use in the form of intramuscular injections, the price of treatment can be considerable. Side effects can appear unexpectedly and for no particular reason.

Tramal tablets should be taken as directed. Otherwise, there is a danger of overdose. Its main symptoms are conditions such as epileptic convulsions, fainting, coma. Due to an overdose of tramadol, blood pressure can greatly decrease, the pupils narrow and expand, tachycardia occurs, breathing is complicated, and apnea may occur.

Tramal is an opiate agonist. If effects are noted that suggest an overdose, relief may be carried out using morphine agonists. When convulsions occur due to taking doses with an open toxic effect, the elimination of convulsions is carried out with the help of agents belonging to the group of benzodiazepines.

The cost of the drug

For Tramal tablets, the price may vary depending on the policy of the distributor, the purchase lot. To be allowed to purchase Tramal, the prescription is written in Latin.

In online pharmacies for Tramal, the price may differ from that set in regular branches, downwards. But for those who prefer online purchases, it is worth recalling that this increases the risk of acquiring a fake or a low-grade product with a weak effect.

Additional instructions

Due to the likelihood of complications, in some cases, the appointment of Tramal is carried out under the condition of treatment under the supervision of a physician. So it can be if the patient has impaired liver and kidney function, with increased intracranial pressure and head injury, epilepsy. It is known that opioids are addictive, drug addicts use Tramal as an opportunity to provide the body with a certain efficiency.

In the presence of dependence on opioids, Tramal's appointments are carried out with caution. The same is true for pain of unknown origin in the abdominal cavity, for problems with the functionality of the respiratory organs, for confusion of consciousness for unknown reasons.

In the drug Tramal Retard, the instructions for use recommend enhanced control over the patient's condition if he has generalized convulsions, but therapy using this drug is recognized as a necessity.

If therapy with Tramal is prolonged, drug dependence may develop. Therefore, the timing of therapy should be set by the doctor. The patient should be warned about the need to comply with the dosage prescribed by the health worker during the reception and that the drug should not be transferred to other persons. Long-term treatment for chronic pain syndrome can be prescribed only if indicated.

The use of alcohol during therapy should be excluded. You should also refuse to carry out actions that require increased concentration of attention, since the drug has a strong effect on the psychophysical abilities.

Tramal interacts with other drugs as follows:

• The substance tramadol can enhance the effect of the action of ethanol, as well as drugs that depress the central nervous system.
• The duration of action of Tramal is reduced if microsomal oxidation inducers are taken simultaneously with therapy.
• Naloxone can increase respiration and reduce analgesia from opioid use.
• Barbiturates, opioid drugs with long-term use can stimulate cross-tolerance. Barbiturates prolong the effect of anesthesia, anxiolytics can increase the severity of the effect of drugs containing tramadol.
• Quinidine is able to increase the plasma concentration of tramadol.

Medicines similar to Tramal in action are Tramal Retard, Tramadol Stada, Tramaclosidol, Tramadol, Plazodol and others.

The active substance of these drugs is the same. The price for 20 capsules starts from 224 rubles.

Drug Tramal - reviews

Irina, 43 years old“Tramal was prescribed to relieve pain that occurs as a result of cancer. The action, surprisingly, was not always the same. Sometimes after the injection it seems that the consciousness is confused, sometimes everything remains unchanged. Pain attacks stop regularly. But sometimes there are difficulties with breathing when you have to use a nebulizer.

Kirill, 28 years old“The drug categorically did not suit me. I myself experienced a reaction of respiratory depression, when you can’t do anything at all - your lungs just give out. Fortunately, he started taking the drug in a hospital, and the doctors managed to provide assistance in time. Therapy was then changed for me.”

Marina, 38 years old“Tramal can help to get rid of pain for a long time. I was prescribed it in the process of convalescence after a major operation. I recovered first under the supervision of doctors, the pain was terrible. Tramal injections were prescribed. Everything worked out, the drug helped a lot.”

Tramadol is a synthetic analgesic
belongs to the group of opioid drugs, has an effect on the central nervous system and spinal cord, causing membrane hyperpolarization and inhibiting the conduction of pain impulses.

Gives a powerful analgesic effect that lasts for a long time. Activates opiate receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Slows down the destruction and stabilizes the concentration of catecholamines in the central nervous system.

Tramadol is a selective mu-opioid receptor agonist that selectively inhibits the reuptake of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine. The analgesic effect of Tramadol, at the same doses, is 5-10 times weaker than that of morphine.

Subject to the dosage specified in the instructions, Tramadol does not have a significant effect on respiration and hemodynamics, does not change the pressure in the pulmonary artery, and does not have a significant slowing effect on intestinal motility.

It has a sedative and mild antitussive effect. With prolonged therapy, the development of tolerance is likely. The analgesic effect occurs 15-30 minutes after the internal use of the drug and continues to act up to 6 hours.

Pharmacokinetics of Tramadol

After oral administration, the drug is approximately 90% absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration of Tramadol in the blood plasma is reached two hours after ingestion. With a single dose of the drug, bioavailability is 68%, and increases with use.

The drug binds to plasma proteins by 20%. Tramadol can cross the placental barrier at concentrations similar to those in plasma. Metabolized to 11 metabolites, of which 1 is active. It is excreted by 10% through the intestines and 90% by the kidneys.

Tramadol indications for use

Tramadol is used for severe and moderate pain of inflammatory, traumatic and vascular etiology. When carrying out diagnostic or therapeutic procedures associated with painful sensations. And also in the postoperative period, and for patients with oncological diseases. With mild pain, the appointment of the drug is not recommended.

Contraindications for the use of Tramadol

• hypersensitivity to Tramadol;
• conditions with depressed breathing or depressed central nervous system, due to alcohol or drug poisoning;
• pregnancy;
• breastfeeding (except for single doses);
• taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors;
• severe renal or hepatic insufficiency.

Tramadol should be used with caution in patients with: drug addiction, confusion, intracranial hypertension, traumatic brain injury, epileptic syndromes (cerebral origin), pain in the abdominal cavity of unknown origin.

Side effects of Tramadol

According to the reviews received, Tramadol can cause side effects in the form of: increased sweating, dizziness, headache,
weakness, lethargy, paradoxical stimulation of the central nervous system (hallucinations, nervousness, anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms, tremor, euphoria, emotional lability), drowsiness, sleep disturbances, confusion, impaired coordination of movement, convulsions, depression, amnesia, cognitive impairment , instability of gait.

Digestive side effects of Tramadol may include: dry mouth, nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea.

From the cardiovascular system in the form of: tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, fainting, collapse.

From the urinary system: difficulty urinating, dysuria, urinary retention.

Side effects are also possible in the form of: allergic reactions, impaired vision, taste, menstrual irregularities.

Prolonged use of the drug causes dependence. With a sharp cancellation, the "cancellation" syndrome manifests itself.

Overdose

Reviews received about an overdose of Tramadol show the possible manifestations of the following symptoms: collapse, coma, miosis, apnea, vomiting, depression of the respiratory center, convulsions.

Treatment of overdose is carried out by maintaining the patency of the respiratory tract, and maintaining the activity of the cardiovascular system. Naloxone is used to stop opiate-like effects, and benzodiazepines are used for convulsions.

Dosage and methods of application

According to the instructions, Tramadol is used intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally and rectally.

Oral: adults and children over 14 years of age, single use - one tablet or capsule of 0.05 g with liquid, or 20 drops of oral solution with liquid or sugar. Re-admission is possible after 30-60 minutes, in the same dosage, no more than 8 times a day.

Rectally: 0.1 grams up to 4 times a day.

Intravenously (slowly), subcutaneously and intramuscularly: 0.05-0.1 g. If the effect is insufficient, further infusion at a rate of 12 mg / h or additional oral administration. The total dose per day should not exceed 0.4 g.

Children older than one year, only in the form of drops or parenterally, with a dosage of 1-2 mg / kg. Daily dosage up to 8 mg/kg.

Elderly people and patients with renal insufficiency should have a prescription for Tramadol according to individual dosage.

special instructions

Tramadol should not be used to treat drug withdrawal syndrome. It is not used simultaneously with ethanol. With single use, it is permissible not to interrupt breastfeeding. During the period of therapy, caution should be exercised for persons employed in potentially hazardous jobs, including driving vehicles.

Interaction with other drugs

Tramadol is incompatible with solutions of diclofenac, indomethacin, diazepam, nitroglycerin, phenylbutazone, flunitrazepam. Enhances the effect of drugs that depress the central nervous system and ethanol.

With prolonged use of barbiturates or opioid analgesics, cross-tolerance develops. With the combined use of barbiturates with Tramadol, the reviews show an increase in the anesthetic effect.

In combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, furazolidone, procarbazine and antipsychotics, the seizure threshold decreases and there is a risk of seizures.

Storage of the drug

Tramadol is stored according to the rules similar to the rules for storing morphine and other narcotic drugs. in. Vacation from pharmacies is made only upon presentation of a prescription for Tramadol.

Sincerely,

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, an agonist-antagonist for mu-, delta-, and kappa-opiate receptors; has a higher affinity for mu receptors. Reduces the reverse synaptic uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in neurons, increasing the serotonergic effect. Along with painkillers, the drug has an antitussive and mild sedative effect.
Bioavailability for oral administration is about 68%, with rectal administration - 70%.
After oral administration, the maximum concentration in blood plasma is observed after 2 hours. About 20% of tramadol binds to plasma proteins; half-life - 6 hours. Metabolized in the liver, excreted unchanged and as metabolites in the urine (about 90%) and feces (about 10%). Penetrates through the BBB and the placental barrier (up to 80%) and into breast milk (0.1%). The volume of distribution is 203 liters for intravenous administration and 306 liters for oral administration.

Indications for use of the drug Tramadol

Acute and chronic pain syndrome (severe and moderate) in surgery, obstetrics, oncology, rheumatology, orthopedics, dentistry, neurology, myocardial infarction, ischemia of the lower extremities. It is also used before surgical operations (for sedation).

The use of the drug Tramadol

The dose depends on the severity of the disease and the individual sensitivity of the patient. Adults and children over 12 years of age are prescribed 50 mg of tramadol per dose with a small amount of liquid. If the effect is insufficient, the same dose can be repeated after 30-60 minutes. The maximum daily dose is 400 mg. Multiplicity of application - up to 4 times a day.
For children over the age of 1 year, tramadol can be prescribed at a dose of 1-2 mg / kg; the maximum daily dose is 4-8 mg/kg.
In / in slowly administered to adults and children over the age of 12 years with a body weight of more than 50 kg. The initial dose is 50-100 mg, if there is no effect, the administration can be repeated, but not earlier than after 30-60 minutes; the maximum daily dose is 400 mg. In exceptional cases (in oncology), it is possible to reduce the intervals between injections and increase the daily dose.
Infusion administration: an initial dose of 50-100 mg is administered over 20 minutes, then the infusion is continued at a rate of 12 mg / h.
V / m or s / c: initial dose - 50-100 mg, re-introduced as needed, 50 mg, but not more than the maximum daily dose. Children over the age of 1 year are administered 1-2 mg / kg, the maximum daily dose is 4-8 mg / kg.

Contraindications to the use of the drug Tramadol

Hypersensitivity to tramadol, intoxication with alcohol, sleeping pills and other drugs that depress the central nervous system, withdrawal symptoms in drug addiction, age up to 1 year.

Side effects of Tramadol

Fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, increased sweating, respiratory depression, decreased blood pressure, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, flatulence, dyspnea, menstrual irregularities. With prolonged use - drug dependence.

Special instructions for the use of the drug Tramadol

During pregnancy and lactation, use only according to strict indications.
With extreme caution, it is prescribed to patients with drug addiction, with confused consciousness, dysfunction of the respiratory center, increased intracranial pressure, convulsive syndrome of cerebral genesis, as well as patients with hypersensitivity to opiates. In the case of prolonged use, the possibility of developing addiction and drug dependence is not ruled out. Be wary appoint in violation of the liver and kidneys. During treatment, you should refrain from drinking alcohol, driving vehicles and working with potentially dangerous mechanisms.
Do not use for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms in drug addiction.

Tramadol drug interactions

Incompatible with solutions of diclofenac, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, diazepam, flunitrazepam, nitroglycerin. Enhances the effect of drugs that have a depressing effect on the central nervous system, and ethanol. Inducers of microsomal oxidation (including carbamazepine, barbiturates) reduce the severity of the analgesic effect of tramadol and the duration of its action. Long-term use of opioid analgesics or barbiturates stimulates the development of cross-tolerance. Anxiolytics enhance the analgesic effect, the duration of anesthesia increases when combined with barbiturates. Naloxone activates respiration, eliminates the opiate effects caused by the use of opioid analgesics. MAO inhibitors, furazolidone, procarbazine, antipsychotics, when administered simultaneously, increase the risk of developing seizures (reducing the seizure threshold). Quinidine increases the plasma concentration of tramadol by competitive inhibition of the CYP 2D6 isoenzyme.

Tramadol overdose, symptoms and treatment

Miosis, vomiting, collapse, coma, convulsions, depression of the central nervous system and respiratory center develop. Opiate effects are eliminated by the introduction of naloxone, convulsive syndrome - by the introduction of benzodiazepines.

List of pharmacies where you can buy Tramadol:

• St. Petersburg

Active substance

Tramadol hydrochloride (tramadol)

Release form, composition and packaging

Tablets white with barely noticeable inclusions, round, flat, slightly rough, with a chamfer, with a characteristic smell of strawberries.

Excipients: lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, crospovidone, macrogol 4000, sodium saccharin, colloidal silicon oxide, flavor.

10 pieces. - blisters (1) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - blisters (2) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - blisters (3) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - blisters (5) - packs of cardboard.

Capsules hard gelatin, with a yellow body and a green cap; the contents of the capsules are white or almost white powder.

Excipients: calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium starch glycolate, magnesium stearate.

The composition of the capsule shell: gelatin, titanium dioxide, yellow iron oxide, indigotine (E132).

10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (1) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (2) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (3) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (5) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (10) - packs of cardboard.

10 ml - dark glass dropper bottles (1) - packs of cardboard.
20 ml - dark glass dropper bottles (1) - packs of cardboard.
50 ml - dark glass dropper bottles (1) - packs of cardboard.
100 ml - dark glass dropper bottles (1) - packs of cardboard.

pharmachologic effect

Opioid analgesic with a mixed mechanism of action. Refers to analgesics of central action. It has a pronounced analgesic effect. Non-selective opioid mu-, delta- and kappa-receptor antagonist in the CNS with the highest affinity for mu-receptors. Inhibits reverse neuronal uptake and enhances the release of serotonin. It also has an antitussive effect, does not disturb the motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

The duration of action is about 4-8 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

After taking tramadol, it is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (about 90%). C max in the blood is determined after about 2 hours. Bioavailability is about 70%, does not depend on food intake and increases with repeated use of the drug.

Distribution

Plasma protein binding is about 20%. Tramadol crosses the BBB and the placental barrier. Approximately 0.1% is excreted in breast milk.

Metabolism

It is metabolized by demethylation and conjugation to 11 metabolites, only one of which (O-demethyltramadol) has a pronounced pharmacological activity (2-4 times the activity of Tramadol).

breeding

Tramadol and its metabolites are excreted mainly by the kidneys (up to 90%) and through the intestines (about 10%). T 1 / 2, regardless of the route of administration, is about 6 hours. In elderly patients, with and with renal failure, the value of T 1 / 2 increases.

Indications

- pain syndrome of moderate and severe intensity of various etiologies (postoperative period, trauma, pain in cancer patients);

- for the purpose of anesthesia during painful diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Contraindications

- conditions accompanied by respiratory depression or severe CNS depression (alcohol poisoning, hypnotics, narcotic analgesics, psychotropic drugs);

- simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors (and 2 weeks after their cancellation);

- pregnancy;

- lactation period (use is possible only for health reasons);

- age up to 14 years;

- Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Dosage

Tablets

initial dose - 1 tab. (50 mg) orally with a small amount of liquid, regardless of food intake; if there is no effect within 30-60 minutes, you can take 1 more tablet; at strong pain a single dose can immediately be 100 mg (2 tablets). The effect, depending on the severity of pain, lasts for 4-8 hours. Do not exceed the daily dose of Tramadol 400 mg (8 tablets).

Duration and scheme of application are determined by the attending physician

Tablets can be swallowed without chewing, with the necessary amount of liquid, regardless of the meal, or pre-dissolved in 1/2 glass of water.

Capsules

The dose of the drug is selected by the doctor individually, depending on the intensity and nature of the pain.

Adults and adolescents over the age of 14: initial dose - 1 capsule (50 mg) orally with a small amount of liquid, regardless of the meal; in the absence of effect within 30-60 minutes, you can take another 1 capsule; at severe pain a single dose can immediately be 100 mg (2 capsules). The effect, depending on the severity of pain, lasts for 4-8 hours. Do not exceed the daily dose of tramadol 400 mg (8 capsules).

Do not prescribe this dosage form children weighing less than 25 kg and aged less than 14 years.

Elderly patients, patients with impaired liver and kidney function if necessary, increase the interval between doses of the drug.

Duration and scheme of application are determined by the attending physician.

Capsules should be swallowed without chewing, washing down with the necessary amount of liquid, regardless of the meal.

Solution for oral administration

The dose of the drug is selected by the doctor individually, depending on the intensity and nature of the pain.

Adults and adolescents over the age of 14: the dose is 50 mg (20 drops). In the absence of the desired effect after 30-60 minutes, you can take another 20 drops. If necessary, the drug can be taken again after 4-6 hours. The daily dose should not exceed 400 mg (160 drops).

For children aged 1 to 14 years a single dose is 1-2 mg/kg of body weight. Approximate dosages for children are shown in the table (1 drop of the solution corresponds to approximately 2.5 mg of tramadol g / x).

Elderly

patients, patients with impaired liver and kidney function if necessary, increase the interval between doses of the drug. The prescribed number of drops should be taken with a small amount of liquid or with sugar, regardless of food intake. Duration and scheme of application are determined by the attending physician.

The bottle with a dosing device is equipped with a child-resistant cap. To open the bottle, press on the cap and make a rotational movement from left to right.

Side effects

The most characteristic are dizziness, nausea, constipation, headache, drowsiness (in 15-30% of patients), vomiting, pruritus, symptoms of a psychostimulating effect, asthenia, sweating, dyspepsia, dry mouth, diarrhea (5-15% of patients).

With a frequency of less than 5%, weight loss, hypotension and tachycardia, paresthesia, hallucinations, tremors, abdominal pain, visual disturbances, urinary retention are possible.

The incidence of side effects increases with increasing duration of the drug. With prolonged use in large doses, the possibility of developing drug dependence is not ruled out.

About all side effects, incl. not listed above should be reported to your doctor.

Overdose

Symptoms: pupillary constriction, vomiting, respiratory depression and convulsions.

Treatment: first aid in case of poisoning - maintaining adequate pulmonary ventilation and symptomatic therapy in a specialized department. In mild cases, gastric lavage is sufficient. Application is not critical, because does not eliminate all symptoms of poisoning and may cause convulsions. Hemodialysis is not very effective. With convulsions, it is advisable to / in the introduction of diazepam.

drug interaction

With the simultaneous use of Tramadol with drugs that have a depressant effect on the central nervous system, as well as with ethanol, it is possible to enhance their action.

With the simultaneous use of Tramadol with and other inducers of metabolic enzymes, the analgesic effect of Tramadol may be weakened.

With the systematic use of barbiturates, especially phenobarbital, there is a possibility of a decrease in the analgesic effect of opioid analgesics.

Long-term use of opioid analgesics or barbiturates stimulates the development of cross-tolerance.

Naloxone activates respiration, eliminating analgesia after the use of opioid analgesics.

special instructions

In elderly patients, Tramadol is used at extended intervals.

With caution and under the supervision of a physician, the drug should be used in patients with impaired renal and hepatic function, with craniocerebral injuries, increased intracranial pressure, patients with epilepsy, as well as persons with drug dependence on opioids.

Under close medical supervision and in reduced doses, Tramadol should be used against the background of the action of anesthetics, hypnotics and psychotropic drugs.

The drug should not be combined with narcotic analgesics due to the poor predictability of the interaction effect.

Against the background of long-term use of carbamazepine, the effect of Tramadol may be weaker.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

When using tramadol, you should not drive a car or perform other work that requires increased attention.

Pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, long-term use of Tramadol should be avoided due to the risk of developing addiction in the fetus and the occurrence of withdrawal syndrome in the neonatal period.

If it is necessary to take during lactation, it should be borne in mind that Tramadol is excreted in breast milk in small quantities.

Tramadol is a synthetic analgesic, belongs to the group of opioid drugs, has a positive effect on the central nervous system and spinal cord, causing membrane hyperpolarization, and inhibits the transmission of pain impulses. It has a strong analgesic effect that can last up to 12 hours. Activates opiate receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Slows down the destruction and stabilizes the concentration of catecholamines in the central nervous system. Instructions for use of Tramadol in ampoules and tablets in our article.

The drug is available in tablet form and as a solution. Tablets have a white or slightly yellowish hue, flat-cylindrical, with a chamfer.

The active substance of this drug is tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg. Auxiliary components: potato starch - 100 mg, milk sugar - 295 mg, magnesium - 5 mg. The drug has a mixed mechanical action.

In what cases is medicine indicated for back pain?

Indications for taking a fairly strong analgesic are only severe pain:

1. The initial stages of neuralgia.
2. postoperative period.
3. Last stages.
4. mechanical injury.
5. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
6. The presence of inflammatory processes in the body.

How to use Tramadol tablets and ampoules correctly

Tramadol can only be taken after reaching one year of age. A single dose for oral administration is 50 mg, intramuscularly or intravenously 50-100 mg. If oral administration of the drug does not have a positive result 30 minutes after administration, then you can take another dose. But not more than 50 mg. Despite the simplicity of the instructions for the use of Tramadol in injections and tablets, the drug can be used only in consultation with the doctor.

With unbearable pain, doctors prescribe 500 mg every 4-5 hours.

It is important to know that in this case only inpatient treatment is acceptable under the strict supervision of a specialist and in the presence of specialized medical equipment.

For children from one to 14 years old, the daily dose of an analgesic is 2 mg per kilogram of body weight. Regardless of age, the minimum daily dose is 400 mg. The duration of the entire course of taking Tramadol is determined only by the doctor.

The principle of the drug

Tramadol activates opiate receptors in the spinal cord, brain, and gastrointestinal tract. The analgesic effect of the drug is due to a decrease in nociceptive activity and an increase in antinociceptive functions in the human body.

This drug may cause the following side effects:

• fainting states;
• tachycardia;
• collapse;
• diarrhea or vice versa constipation;
• bloating;
• headache in the temples;
• heavy sweating;
• bad sleep;
• depressive states;
• cramps of the lower extremities;
• memory impairment.

In severe cases, the use of the drug leads to a violation of taste buds, vision is reduced, an unstable menstrual cycle may be observed.

Abrupt withdrawal of the drug can lead to sleep disturbance, diarrhea, nausea or even vomiting, headaches.

Contraindications to the use of analgesics

Like any other medication, Tramadol has a number of contraindications that should be strictly observed:

• individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• constant attacks of suffocation;
• depression, depression;
• abuse of alcohol, drugs or psychotropic drugs;
• severe renal failure;
• pregnancy period 1 trimester;
• lactation period;
• age up to one year.

Overdose

With severe intoxication of the body with this drug, a person can experience rather unpleasant symptoms. Such as: muscle cramps, miosis, vomiting, in advanced cases, it can reach coma. Treatment of overdose is to maintain the cardiovascular system and respiratory tract. In order to eliminate convulsions, experts recommend taking Benzodiazepine, and Naloxone is used to alleviate the general condition of a person.

But you should not do this on your own, the patient must be urgently transported to the nearest medical care department.

Similar drugs for pain relief

Analogues of Tramadol according to the personal ATX code: Tramaclosidol, Sintradon, Tramal, Tramolin, Protradon. It is important to know that you should not decide to notice the drug with an analogue without a doctor's testimony.

special instructions

With great care, doctors prescribe painkillers to people who suffer from intracranial hypertension, alcoholism, and epilepsy. A sufficiently long intake of this analgesic can be addictive, while using Tramodol under strict prohibition, all alcohol-containing drinks.

Medication cost

The price of Tramadol in ampoules is about 60 rubles per pack. In tablet form, the cost is 70 rubles. But it is important to know that Tramadol is dispensed only by prescription. The doctor makes an appointment on a special form for powerful analgesics.

Drug interactions with other drugs

The analgesic cannot be used in conjunction with Diclafenac and Indomethacin, Nitroglycerin. In addition, painkillers should not be used with alcoholic beverages. Since it increases the negative effect of the drug.

lactation and pregnancy

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is best to avoid the use of the drug, and if necessary, take herbal analgesics. When lactating, it is also better not to take Tramadol, since even in small amounts it will be excreted in breast milk.

Why you should not take painkillers without consulting a doctor, look at the video:

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