Mammoplasty: everything you wanted to know about breast plastic surgery. Mammoplasty: everything you wanted to know about breast plastic surgery

Among the complications of mammoplasty are those that not only affect the well-being, but significantly worsen the appearance of the breast. Some problems are rare, but they raise more questions. One of the complications that mammoplasty provokes is a double bubble. Women expect after the operation is by no means the result that is found during the development of the defect.

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What does a double bubble look like

The name of the complication fully reflects its essence - it is a double breast. After the installation of the implant, the mammary glands are deformed in such a way that their aesthetics are completely violated, the appearance does not correspond to the anatomical structure.

There are several options for the problem:

the mammary glands look as if superimposed one on top of the other;

the implant looks through the living tissues of each breast like another hemisphere;

the bust is displaced downward relative to the endoprostheses.

Instead of improving the appearance, a defect is formed that cannot be hidden by clothing. The problem needs to be addressed.

Causes

There are several factors that can cause complications.

Reasons for the double bubble	Rationale
Mistakes made by the surgeon during the operation itself	This may be excessive tissue removal in breast ptosis, the wrong way to insert the implant, the choice of its installation site and the defective formation of a fold under the breast;
Wrong choice of endoprostheses	This component is very important for the success of the operation, so you can not save on it. The correspondence of implants to the characteristics of the mammary glands is also important;
Features of the physique of the patient	The problem can be provoked by the original shape of the breast, the properties of muscle tissue. More often it occurs with a poorly developed lower part of the mammary glands;
Neglect of rehabilitation conditions	If a woman is in a hurry to return to a normal lifestyle, starts playing sports too early, stops wearing, the implant may move. The result of this will be a double fold;
Other complications	The most common is capsular contracture. A thick layer of fibrous tissue may form around the implants. It compresses and deforms the endoprosthesis. The rigid capsule is capable of shifting it, causing the appearance of additional roundness.

Depending on the causes of the occurrence, the complication manifests itself at an early postoperative stage or later. The first two factors can cause a defect almost immediately.

Women at risk for complications

With special attention to choose a clinic, an operating surgeon, all recommendations should be followed by women who are more likely to experience complications:

Having. In this case, the mammary glands are characterized by a thin base, extensive areolas and an elevated submammary fold. Their lower pole is distinguished by a small volume of tissues, which may not hold the endoprosthesis.

tubular breast

Cone chested. Its differences are a wide base, a thin nipple-areolar complex. That is, the problem is the same as in the previous case - a poorly developed lower chest.

With naturally elevated submammary fold. This feature can provoke the development of complications in the normal shape of the breast.

Double bubble correction

The problem can only be fixed with a new intervention. But its character is chosen depending on the features of the double bubble, the individual parameters of the patient. There are the following correction options:

Minimal intervention. The skin of the mammary glands is dissected, the internal tissues are carefully straightened. Then the doctor forms a new fold under the breast and sutures it.

Capsulotomy. If the thickened fibrous layer surrounding the implant became the reason for the formation of a double bubble, the capsule is dissected. The endoprosthesis itself is not removed in this case, but it needs to return to its normal shape.

Removal of the implant. If the defect has developed due to its poor quality, it is necessary to replace the endoprosthesis with a new one. The same operation will require an allergy to the implant, which causes swelling of the mammary gland tissues. Indeed, in this case, a threat to the health of the patient is also created.

Lipolifting. This is a procedure for introducing the patient's own adipose tissue into the area of \u200b\u200bthe mammary glands. Such an exit is possible with its excess in some parts of the body, for example, the abdomen or thighs. The fat is cleaned and injected into the breast area.

To learn how the double bubble correction operation is performed, see this video:

Prevention

What is required from the patient to prevent complications:

be operated on by a good doctor who is able to assess and eliminate all the risks of a doctor;

choose high-quality implants;

be healthy by the time of the intervention, making sure of this with the help of an examination;

follow all doctor's recommendations.

A double bubble after mammoplasty will not occur if the surgeon chooses the correct technique of the operation even with a problematic breast in the patient. This is a combined method, in which only the upper part of the endoprosthesis is installed under the pectoralis major muscle. If you place it there completely, the lower pole will squeeze the implant up, forming two extra hemispheres. The correct choice of incision sites during intervention, the suturing technique are important for the result.

Requirements in the postoperative period that can get rid of the development of a double bubble:

wear high-quality compression underwear (preferably seamless) for at least 2 months;

limit physical activity, that is, do not bend over, do not pull your arms up, do not carry heavy loads, avoid sudden movements;

take care of the seams and skin of the breast in accordance with the doctor's prescriptions;

sleep the first 2 - 4 weeks only on the back;

give up bad habits so as not to disrupt the process of tissue healing and adaptation to the implant.

If complications could not be avoided, do not be afraid of its correction. Re-intervention is easier to tolerate, recovery after it is faster. But still, prevention, starting from the stage of preparation for mammoplasty, is the best way out.

What does it look like

It is believed that a double fold after bust augmentation occurs, as a rule, in women whose breasts initially have a cone-shaped or tubular shape.

However, recent studies and comparative analysis of the results have shown that the defect can also appear in patients with normal mammary glands.

The double crease looks like extra roundness or "steps" under the lower bust line. These bulges are downwardly displaced implants.

Signs of a defect appear immediately after augmentation mammoplasty or after a long time (from six months to one and a half years).

Video: At the consultation with the surgeon

Why does it appear

The most common cause of double fold formation is:

shortened;
reduced;
or underdeveloped lower chest area.

Most of the glandular tissue is concentrated on top of the glands (in the upper pole).

Usually a cone-shaped or tubular chest is arranged in this way, it can also be a specificity of correctly formed glands with an elevated inframammary fold.

The defect often occurs due to:

violations of the technique of the operation;
incorrectly selected access;
or inappropriate implants.

Photo: Double fold

Most often, cases of double fold formation are recorded in the following situations:

partial combination of a subpectoral pocket with mammary fold access in patients with a pronounced submammary fold and thin skin;
formation of a subpectoral pocket through infraareolar access with excision of excess skin;
creation of a subglandular pocket through infraareolar access.

A double fold is formed when the natural inframammary fold cannot be eliminated and because of this there are two of them: natural and artificial under the endoprosthesis.

Thus, there is a "conflict" between the tissues and the implant. This is the reason for the appearance of an early double fold, which appears immediately after mammoplasty or after the convergence of puffiness.

Photo: Double bubble effect

A late double fold can form over time, and not immediately: a few months after the intervention or even years. The causes and timing of the occurrence of late double folds are different.

Among the causes of late double folds are:

mammary fibrosis;
sliding of glands from the endoprosthesis ("waterfall effect");
lowering the endoprosthesis below the artificial fold.

Most often, a late double fold is formed due to mammary fibrosis. In this case, the capsule is compressed, which, in turn, compresses the implant, and the soft tissue of the breast is pulled up.

The prosthesis itself moves down. In such a situation, it is enough to make a capsulotomy on the existing prosthesis, or replace it, if necessary.

The risk of complications is increased among women in whom the main volume of glandular tissue is localized in the upper pole of the glands.

For this group of patients, the choice of implants must be carried out with particular care. It is better to give preference to anatomical prostheses with a high or ultra-high profile.

When planning mammoplasty, the surgeon must take into account an important feature of the breast: remembering the shape of the mammary fold, as well as the risk of defect formation in the presence of sagging glands.

What to do with a double fold after mammoplasty

A double fold can only be corrected with surgery. The secondary operation consists in excision of the skin and its straightening. The result of the correction depends on how well the mammary fold is formed.

To correct the deficiency, the contour is supplemented with an implant. In this case, the surgeon artificially forms the inframammary fold, and places it slightly lower than the natural one.

In tubular and cone-shaped breasts, the inframammary fold is greatly elevated. The lower pole of the glands is practically absent, the glandular tissue is located on top and has a tubular structure.

When eliminating such a defect, it is necessary to correctly select the shape of the endoprosthesis and, without fail, adapt the gland tissues.

The best way to correct tubular glands is to use ultra-high-profile anatomical endoprostheses with a truncated base and disclosure of the far section of the tubular gland in the form of an "umbrella".

In addition, the hernia of the areola is simultaneously eliminated by the purse-string method. The glandular tissue concentrated in the upper part finds a place at the top of the truncated prosthesis and is placed in its slope, without forming bulges in the future.

A similar tactic is used in the elimination of cone-shaped deformity of the chest. The only difference is that in the case of a cone, there is no need to eliminate the areolar hernia and reduce the size of the areolas.

The same approach is justified in case of normally formed glands with a reduced lower pole and a high natural mammary fold.

In this case, only careful selection of the endoprosthesis and precise surgical separation of the natural fold is required. In such a situation, the memory of the skin's natural fold should be taken into account.

If it retains its shape even after a deep release, its tension is eliminated by through-perforation performed with a sharp needle.

If there is a "waterfall effect" - "draining" of the breast relative to the prosthesis, the correction is performed in the same way as with an early double fold.

The breast is repositioned with the disclosure of its lower border and areolar pexia. If the prosthesis meets the specified parameters, its replacement is not required, otherwise it is replaced with a more suitable one.

Re-intervention is much easier and does not require long-term rehabilitation. For a week or a little longer, the deformation persists, after which it gradually begins to disappear.

As with conventional augmentation, a compression bra is required.

What is dangerous

This complication is not dangerous, but it causes considerable aesthetic discomfort.

After all, the main task of mammoplasty is to improve the appearance of the breast, giving it a seductive shape.

The presence of a defect indicates that the main goal has not been achieved, therefore, re-correction is indispensable.

How to prevent

To prevent it, a combined introduction of the endoprosthesis is required, i.e., the creation of a two-plane bed for it.

The upper region of the implant is located under the "truncated" pectoralis major muscle.

When it is reduced, the correct pressure on the prosthesis from above occurs, and it is located in a straightened state, maintains its normal shape, due to which a normal lower breast pole is formed.

If the prosthesis is inserted completely under the muscle (including the lower pole), due to the work of the muscle from above, it is forced upward, and a double fold effect occurs.

With the help of the approaches described, it is possible to eliminate the double fold on the already operated breast.

In this case, the surgeon makes a decision regarding the preservation of the implant (if the appropriate size is selected) and the adaptation of soft tissue on it, or its replacement.

It should be noted that the elimination of the double fold is not an easy task. Usually, the elimination of the defect is carried out not in one operation, but in several small corrections after the mammoplasty itself. It is much easier to prevent a complication.

It must be remembered that the result of the operation depends not only on the qualifications of the plastic surgeon.

During the rehabilitation period, a woman must follow all the doctor's recommendations:

wear a compression bra;
take prescribed medications;
take care of the skin;
avoid physical activity.

Thus, the problem of the appearance of a double fold after mammoplasty remains relevant to this day. This does not always depend on the category of doctor or on new varieties and forms of prostheses.

A woman should approach mammoplasty thoughtfully and carefully, assess all possible risks and understand whether the operation is a necessity or just a temporary whim.

Reading time: 7 min

Does a woman need mammoplasty, before and after her changes are cardinal, are there any serious complications?

These and other questions are most relevant for patients who, according to indicators or of their own free will, are preparing for surgery to change the shape of the breast.

Such surgery is not considered very difficult, except in special cases, but getting information about possible problems in advance is a reasonable decision.

What is mammoplasty and when is it appropriate to perform it?

This is an operation during which the surgeon corrects the shape of the breast. In another way, surgical intervention is also called arthroplasty. The following factors are considered indications for manipulation:

too small breast size;
large breast volume;
loss of gland shape due to lactation;
change in volume after weight loss;
congenital pathologies, underdevelopment of the breast (micromastia and);
amputation of one or two glands due to cancer;
strongly pronounced asymmetry;

Some women, having no prerequisites for surgical intervention for medical reasons, any significant deviations or changes in shape, are dissatisfied with the appearance of their own bust.

In these cases, the operation is possible at the request of the client, but the doctor must do everything to convince the patient that there is no need for such stress for the body as surgery.

There are also contraindications for manipulations on the mammary glands:

During the treatment of oncological diseases or with the progressive growth of tumors.
With pathologies that are characterized by metabolic disorders and poor tissue regeneration. For example, diabetes, osteoporosis, anemia.
In severe forms of liver and kidney disease.
With serious dysfunctions of blood vessels and the heart.
The operation is not performed on pregnant women and women during lactation.
With some infectious diseases (hepatitis, HPV) and immunodeficiency states.

The procedure is not carried out until the breast is fully formed, that is, up to 18 years.

Lactation and mammoplasty

As for the period of lactation and the birth of a child, it is possible to carry out the procedure no later than a year before pregnancy.

It is this time that is required for complete recovery, and during this period, preventive measures are taken to prevent complications after mammoplasty.

During the first consultation, the lead surgeon is obliged to warn the patient that the intervention will affect the implementation of lactation.

The operation is carried out three months after the completion of breastfeeding.

But if there were implants, under their weight and in the process of changing the forms and ducts, the glands can sag. Then a corrective procedure is recommended.

Depending on the task, the doctor determines the type of manipulation.

As a rule, the surgeon chooses tactics according to the characteristics of the defect and the wishes of the patient herself.

Type of operation	Nuances
magnifying	Adjustment of the breast towards an increase in volume and size during endoprosthetics due to artificial prostheses or the patient's own tissues.
Reducing	It is indicated when the bust is too large, because of which the skeleton, spine, joints and blood vessels suffer.
Reconstructive	It is performed after chest injuries, partial or complete resection for medical reasons.
Corrective (nipples and areolas)	Changing the shape (reduction or increase), location and shade.
Corrective (asymmetry)	It is intended to achieve the similarity of the glands with a pronounced acquired or congenital difference in size.
Pull-up	Mastopexy is recommended for women who experience breast sagging after lactation, weight changes and age factors.

Based on the choice of tactics, the surgeon is determined with the technique of carrying out and the option of access to the place of insertion of the prosthesis.

In addition, there is also a technique for axillary injection, but not every implant is suitable here. With transumbilical access, an incision is made in the navel, from where the prosthesis is installed.

The most sparing method is the introduction under the gland, since there is a sufficient amount of tissue for the location of the endoprosthesis, which ensures the shortest rehabilitation period.

Other techniques - under the fascia and muscle structures depends on the specifics.

The combined technique includes several types, while the implant is installed in the channel between the muscle and the lower part of the breast.

rehabilitation period

Recovery time after mammoplasty depends on several factors:

prosthesis size;
the way it is located;
gland tissue density;
choice of surgical technique.

The postoperative period may vary depending on the characteristics and condition of the body, but it is usually divided into several stages:

Stay in the hospital from 3 to 7 days, when you still have pain after mammoplasty.
In the next 14 days, strict restriction of physical activity and wearing special compression underwear so that the seams do not diverge.
Within 2 months, you need to exclude the slightest injury, you can gradually start playing sports, but without the participation of the upper body. Alcohol is prohibited, and intimate relationships are limited.
You can visit the pool and sunbathe after 3 months.

You will have to sleep on your back, you can roll over on your stomach in two weeks. The stitches are removed on the 14th day. On the first day after the operation, the pain will be quite strong, so the patient is supported with medications.

There may be a loss of sensitivity, and in the area of \u200b\u200bthe sutures, the breast will subsequently itch, many patients noted that scars that have barely healed are very itchy.

Such phenomena do not pose a danger if they continue exactly the time during which the incision sites heal.

If the chest hurts after mammoplasty for a very long time and severely, the swelling does not go away, numbness and fistulas appear, the tissue becomes hard to the touch - this is a serious reason to immediately consult a doctor.

Complications

Problems after the intervention can be very different: from slow healing of sutures to displacement of the implant, fever and the formation of fistulas.

The list of possible complications includes several types of complications, which are divided into categories.

Complications of a surgical nature

These are problems associated with the postoperative period, usually occur during the first day.

Infectious lesion

After a few days, less often - weeks, the patient begins to complain that edema is spreading after mammoplasty.

The pain intensifies, the hematomas increase, reddening of the skin is observed, and purulent exudate oozes from the sutures.

The woman's body temperature rises, fever develops. If the gaps are detected at the initial stage, the infectious process can be quickly extinguished with the help of antibiotics.

Otherwise, you will have to remove the implant, clean the cavities, and after healing, carry out the correction again.

In especially difficult situations and with an advanced infection, the doctor puts drainage after mammoplasty to drain exudate.

The condition is dangerous because the penetration of bacteria into the wound can result in toxic shock, loss of consciousness, and this increases the risk of death.

Hematoma

If a vessel is damaged during the intervention, blood will ooze from its walls. A similar situation is formed during the formation of an infiltrate or fistula, from which a serous fluid is released - this is.

In the area of intervention, a hematoma increases, subfebrile condition appears. Small seals can dissolve on their own as a result of drug therapy.

For more serious lesions, drainage of the wound, suturing of the vessel and cleansing of the cavity are required.

Removal of the implant is not always advisable, but is performed if bleeding or fluid is abundant.

Scarring disorder

Normally, without signs of complication, the sutures are barely visible, and over time they are more and more difficult to detect. If the tissues are prone to hypertrophic fusion or the formation of keloids, the incision site coarsens, the suture may shift, in some cases even diverge.

It is better to warn the surgeon about the features of the body in advance. The doctor will plan the correct postoperative care, perhaps prescribe laser resurfacing so that the scars after mammoplasty do not begin to increase and ugly scars do not appear.

Swelling of the breast after mammoplasty is the same natural process as bruises and hematomas. This is due to changes in the state of tissues during surgery.

Swelling usually resolves within 30 days, but may persist for up to 2 months. Finally disappears after 3 months, when the breast takes on natural forms.

This process is aided by fluid control. The exception is swelling of the abdomen after mammoplasty. If the incision is made in the navel area, recovery is longer and more difficult.

Sensitivity change

This complication may be associated with damage to tissues and nerve endings. Accompanied by pain, numbness.

With prolonged loss of sensitivity, a woman loses interest in sex, becomes irritable, and becomes depressed.

In this case, in addition to the intervention of a surgeon, consultations of a psychotherapist and a sex therapist will be needed.

Also, complications after the procedure may be of a specific nature associated with tissue damage, circulatory disorders and other problems.

Capsular type contracture

A condition caused by compression by the capsule, which is accompanied by deformation of the breast.

There may be several reasons for this phenomenon, ranging from the factors that arose during the operation, and ending with the body's reaction to the introduction of a foreign body. The risk of such a complication increases with infamammary access, that is, with an incision, under the breast.

It is more often observed when using silicone implants and endoprostheses, less often when using saline and having a textured surface.

KK has 4 degrees, with the fourth asymmetry appears after mammoplasty, when the glands descend, the nipples look down.

Depending on the severity of the deformity, capsulectomy, re-endoprosthetics and removal of prostheses are performed.

Implant rupture

In this case, the integrity of the shell of the embedded object is violated. Most often, cracks and micropores form over time, but they can also appear during surgery.

Sometimes the cause is poor-quality prosthesis materials or trauma to the glands. As a rule, the process is asymptomatic, only the elasticity and shape of the bust changes.

But in some cases, there may be a burning sensation in the chest after mammoplasty. The solution is to replace the implant.

Doctors note a number of other possible complications:

Breast asymmetry after mammoplasty against the background of a change in the location of prostheses. They can move, while the nipples are at different levels. The solution is re-intervention.
Simmastia is a type of MF when they look merged. Requires a special operation.
Allergy to the prosthesis. Rejection of an object by the body, in which the skin turns red, swells. The temperature may rise after mammoplasty. The solution is to remove the object, conservative treatment.
Calcification is characterized by foci of seals. There are no severe symptoms, but discomfort is present. With a slight spread, the problem is eliminated by drug therapy.
occurs due to the fact that in the area of the scar there is a squeezing of the arteries, which means a violation of the blood supply. It entails rather serious consequences, the formation of fistulas and the release of exudate.
With prolonged use of the endoprosthesis, the tissues become thinner, the bust sags, loses its shape. Rippling develops - the skin acquires a corrugated surface. The reason may also be the wrong selection of the size of the implant. The solution is to repeat the procedure with the replacement of a more suitable prosthesis.

Often there is such a problem as a double bubble after mammoplasty. , which, like a mesh, supports the breast, is not completely destroyed during the operation, and an additional ligamentous apparatus is formed on top of it during the healing process.

Most often this happens when. You can get rid of the defect using a simple procedure with the excision of excess tissue.

Prevention of complications

Measures to prevent negative consequences after mammoplasty do not always depend on the patient. But at 50%, a woman can quite prevent complications herself. She must strictly follow all the recommendations of the surgeon:

avoid injury;
do not allow physical activity during the period indicated by the doctor;
wear compression underwear;
take care of the skin;
seams properly:
within 2 months avoid sun exposure, visits to the solarium and the pool;
observe the rules of hygiene;
stop drinking alcohol and smoking.

The healing process is quite fast, and after three months a woman can admire the result.

Waterfall deformity (waterfall) - is a delayed postoperative complication of augmentation mammoplasty. It is referred to as one of the varieties of double folds (double bouble), as well as snoopy (snoopy breast).

Waterfall deformity or a waterfall is a telling name, because it accurately characterizes the type of mammary gland deformation: a stepped distortion of its lower pole.

Such a defect does not pose a danger to the health of the patient, however, it brings significant psychological discomfort.

Causes

Until recently, it was believed that the risk of developing such deformities exists only in women with breast tubularity, and the more pronounced it is, the higher it is. However, recent patient studies in this area suggest that this is not always the case. Currently, the following risk factors are identified that contribute to the development of waterfall deformity:

remodeling of the thoracic parenchyma during the correction of tubularity grades 3 and 4;
pronounced ptosis of the mammary glands;
use of large volume implants;
change in the position of the submammary sulcus.

As the analysis of recent publications on the topic of tubular breast augmentation shows, grade 3 and 4 of this defect does not require remodeling of the thoracic parenchyma, since it is illuminated during augmentation.

The combination of a ptotic breast, into which large-volume endoprostheses are implanted, creates a high risk of mammary gland deformity. In this case, the surgeon should warn the patient about the possibility of developing postoperative complications in the near future.

Correction of the position of the submammary sulcus carries the risk of the connective tissue striving to restore its previous location due to shape memory. Thus, in the presence of these factors, the plastic surgeon must responsibly approach the planning of breast augmentation and the technique of the operation.

Correction

Correction of waterfall deformity is carried out either surgically or using a minimally invasive technique - lipofilling. The latter will be justified with a weak or moderate degree of the defect. To do this, the patient's own fat is transplanted from the problem areas of her figure into the area of distortion of the mammary gland. The effect of lipofilling persists for 2-5 years, depending on the individual characteristics of the patient's body.

In more complex cases, repeated mammoplasty will be justified, which, in principle, allows you to avoid the removal and replacement of implants.

Today, the article is written for those who are not satisfied with their bust and want to perform such an operation as mammoplasty - improving the appearance of the breast. After reading the article to the end, you will learn how to choose a surgeon, why there is such a big price range for breast plastic surgery, when and why a doctor can refuse you an operation or postpone it. And also, why you need to wear compression underwear and how long you can’t sleep on your side and stomach and other interesting things for those who want unearthly beauty for their bust with the help of a plastic surgeon’s scalpel.

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If earlier mammoplasty (correction of the breast, its shape and size) was the lot of Hollywood stars, today any resident of a large city can sign up for an operation.

Thanks to the variety of modern prostheses, accompanied by a lifetime warranty, errors are minimized, and the breast after plastic surgery looks beautiful and almost natural. The main thing is to choose the right implant and find an experienced plastic surgeon.

Types of mammoplasty, photo

Speaking of mammoplasty, many ladies have in mind exclusively breast augmentation. It just so happened that a significant part of women are dissatisfied with the volume of the neckline and hope to change them in a big way. However, there are other types of interventions in the mammary gland that are also in demand today:

Mastopexy- lifting of sagging breasts. It can be combined with the installation of prostheses or done independently. In fact, during the operation, excess skin and adipose tissue are simply removed.
Augmentation mammoplasty– a traditional and universally demanded breast augmentation with the help of prosthetics.
Reduction mammoplasty- a rarer, usually performed for medical reasons, breast reduction. The surgeon, using liposuction, removes all unnecessary - fatty, glandular tissue, and so on.
aesthetic correction of the nipple-areolar complex. It is possible to reduce the size of the areola (pigmented circle) or restore the appearance of the nipples after other operations.

Now you know all the types of plastic surgeon's scalpel interventions that are in demand. I propose to look at a series of photos - through which famous movie and show business stars went.

If you decide to have an operation, you are interested in many of the nuances that are shown in the video: how the consultation of a plastic surgeon takes place, the course of the operation itself and its result after rehabilitation.
those who is more than +18- follow the link to youtube and you can watch it there.

Indications and contraindications for mammoplasty

As with any operation, there are also its indications and contraindications. Consider them when planning to improve the condition of the breast.

You may also find useful an article on how to treat with medication and folk methods, the reasons for its appearance, or you want to know, as well as what it is. Good tips are waiting for you in the article - just follow the links. You will learn a lot of new things from the article, which describes or.

Indications for plastic surgery

Every lady who decides to have an operation has her own motives. Sometimes she just wants to meet the global beauty standards set out on glossy covers. Sometimes - she dreams of remaining sexually attractive to her man even after the birth of three babies.

It happens that youthful complexes are to blame for everything, and breast plastic surgery allows girls to love their body. But there are also quite specific indications for mammoplasty - medical or aesthetic.

From point of view medicine distinguish the following situations-indications:

mastectomy (removal of the mammary glands requiring subsequent reconstruction)
gynecomastia (visually voluminous breasts in men)
implant replacement
loss of part of the breast due to trauma
sagging breasts (ptosis)
macromastia ("swelling" of the breast to an incredible, uncomfortable size)
asymmetry, as well as various anomalies and malformations in the development of glands

Cosmetic indications include all the nuances associated with the aesthetic side of the issue. They are extremely subjective, and each lady decides for herself whether to increase her breasts in this situation or not. The main cosmetic indications for mammoplasty:

the difference in the size of the right and left breasts after the end of lactation
unaesthetic sagging of the breast due to pregnancy, prolonged feeding or sudden weight loss, violation of its shape
micromastia (natural tiny breasts)

Now you know the medical and aesthetic indications for breast surgery. And what about the contraindications of such an intervention in the mammary gland?

Contraindications for mammoplasty

The list of contraindications to mammoplasty is very extensive. It contains both mandatory items that are characteristic of any operation, as well as specific, original ones. Breast augmentation is rarely mandatory, so a surgeon who has doubts can quite easily refuse a potential patient.

However, in reality the situation looks different. In only 2-3% of cases, the doctor really does not agree to perform mammoplasty. All other issues are resolved individually, during the consultation, when analyzing specific conditions. For example, with restored liver functions and a stable immune system, surgery can be performed even on a carrier of HIV infection or someone who has had dangerous types of hepatitis (B, C).

Serious contraindications to mammoplasty:

diabetes mellitus (decompensation, subcompensation)
immunodeficiency
pregnancy
malignant tumors
exacerbation of chronic diseases
mental illness
school age
breast disease
acute infection with high fever
benign neoplasms in the breast (in case of incomplete treatment)
scleroderma and other connective tissue diseases
all sorts of blood clotting disorders, taking anticoagulants
some endocrine diseases
lactation and the first six months after its completion

In most cases, you just have to wait: postpone the operation, treat the infection, wait for the compensation stage, stop breastfeeding.

Review of prices for mammoplasty in Moscow

On average, in the capital, the operation itself costs 120-200 thousand rubles (excluding the cost of prostheses). Correction of the size of the areola or the shape of the nipples is slightly cheaper, about 36-50 thousand rubles. If you have planned arthroplasty with a one-stage lift, then such mammoplasty will cost you much more (the price in Moscow will immediately jump to 275,000 - 350,000 rubles). For the replacement of existing implants, you will have to pay about 60,000 rubles.

The price for mammoplasty depends not only on the rates of a particular surgeon, but also on the chosen implant. The cost of silicone prostheses ranges from 30 to 60 thousand rubles. Anatomical (teardrop) ones are more expensive than spherical ones because they look more natural. Much depends on the manufacturer and on the texture of the implant (rough, for example, “take root” faster).

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The choice of what to save on is always up to the client. You can find a simpler clinic and increase your breasts for a modest 50,000 rubles. Or you can spend money on an experienced and popular professional, and pay 400 thousand. The difference in prices for mammoplasty is due to the "stardom" and experience of the capital's surgeons, the appetites of prestigious clinics, an elite hospital and obviously generous clientele. In any other city, the operation will cost much less, but you will also get a not so eminent master. However, sometimes an increase in the price of mammoplasty in Moscow is quite natural if the operation is complicated by difficult access or you have chosen the most expensive implant.

IN base cost usually include:

analyzes
materials
surgeon's work

You have to pay extra actual prostheses, as well as anesthesia and a hospital. The recovery period also costs a lot of money, and you certainly should not save on it. There are, however, clinics offering the all-inclusive service, when all consumables are already included in the specified amount. The average price target, from which you can start when looking for a surgeon, is 140 thousand rubles for the whole thing.

Recovery after mammoplasty

Optimal rehabilitation or recovery after mammoplasty takes a couple of months. After about 60 days, all the discomfort associated with the operation and its consequences will go away, swelling will subside.

But you should not rush: for a long time you will feel a foreign “chill” inside, and the path to the usual lace bra without stones is not close. For a long time, you will have to wear compression underwear after mammoplasty (you can buy it at any medical store, in the section of postoperative dressings and bandages).

Productive recovery after mammoplasty will require patience. Do not remove compression garments, do not tear off healing crusts from scars, and do not use any creams without consulting your doctor.

To avoid complications after mammoplasty, you should blindly trust your surgeon and follow all his recommendations. For example, you can wash your breasts only after a week (and even then without a washcloth). For the next 30 days, any physical activity, sharp arm lifts, swimming and rowing movements are prohibited. You can’t drive in the first two weeks, for taking a warm bath and having sex - the same time frame. For a month it is better not to visit the bath, and - for many, the most difficult point - you can not sleep on your stomach for the same amount.

Scars, stitches, scars after mammoplasty - an inevitable, but temporary "evil". Do not be afraid: after six months, with proper care, they almost disappear. The initial result largely depends on the quality of the threads and the seam technique, which takes into account the structure and elasticity of your skin.

Do you want your rehabilitation after mammoplasty to go smoothly? Shift some of the responsibilities to loved ones, take off all the burdens, rest a lot, walk and eat right.

Complications after mammoplasty (suppuration, swelling, implant migration) are prevented with the help of timely prevention - wearing compression underwear, refusing to exercise, taking antibiotics, sleeping on your side, carefully monitoring your own breasts, sensations and changes.

The main complications after mammoplasty

As after any operation, complications are also possible here. Here are the main ones:

suppuration, infection
scars, scars
prosthesis migration
seroma
double bubble after mammoplasty (the so-called "double fold")
capsular contracture
numbness of the nipples, loss of sensation
ripples on the skin
bleeding
ruptured or cracked implant

Unpleasant side effects (quite rare, but still existing) include a double fold (blister). It may not occur immediately, but rather late, three to four months after the operation. Double bubble after mammoplasty does not always occur through the fault of the surgeon: sometimes it is due to the individual anatomical features of the gland. In fact, an additional circle in the form of a fold or bubble forms an implant that has not connected with natural tissues and slipped down. Such an unsuccessful mammoplasty needs a quick and accurate correction.

Contracture after surgery- an extremely common complication of mammoplasty, it occurs in 10% of all patients. This is a tissue formation in the form of a capsule around a fresh implant, a kind of protective response of the body to the intrusion of a silicone guest. By itself, contracture is not dangerous and is not considered a serious complication if it is not large and does not deform the prosthesis, provoking its rupture.

Seroma after mammoplasty- this is an accumulation of interstitial fluid in one of the breasts. It becomes noticeable soon after the operation, is corrected surgically or medically. Most often, serous fluid is pumped out with a syringe, tracking the result on an ultrasound scan.

With a strong and asymmetric displacement of one implant, when the defect is clearly visible and does not look aesthetically pleasing, it is required repeated mammoplasty. And in order to avoid “seasonal migration”, you need to purchase high-quality compression underwear and not take it off without the permission of the surgeon.

Fever after mammoplasty absolutely normal in the first days (while you are in the hospital). So the body meets a foreign body, reacts to edema. However, if a sudden fever caught you at home, this may indicate an inflammatory process that has begun - hurry to the doctor.

How to choose a surgeon for mammoplasty? Reviews and recommendations

The doctors themselves constantly repeat how modern, safe and relatively affordable mammoplasty has become today; reviews after the operation, however, there are also negative ones. Before you gather your courage and sign up for a consultation, you should carefully study all the possible pitfalls and consequences of an optional surgical intervention.

Having decided in the end that you need exactly mammoplasty, reviews about doctors and clinics should be read in advance. There are plenty of forums on the Internet where people share their own stories, honest assessments, before and after photos, and tips.

By typing in a search engine, for example, " mammoplasty, Moscow, Babayan Gaik Pavlovich”, in one click you will find out all the opinions about the results of the work of an eminent doctor.

If you want to know why repeated breast augmentation surgeries are done (the first one was unsuccessful), how the mistakes of a plastic surgeon are corrected and what they depend on, watch the video.

Thanks to the reviews, you can create a personal rating of plastic surgeons in Moscow for mammoplasty. And you will choose a specific specialist from several of the best during a personal consultation (based on internal comfort, degree of trust and pricing policy).

The most frequent questions and answers - the patient and the plastic surgeon

Q: Does mammoplasty cause cancer?
A: Modern silicone implants are not oncogenic.

Q: Will the new artificial breast interfere with the feeding of the baby?
A: No, prostheses are placed under the muscle or under the mammary gland and do not affect lactation in any way. However, after involution, the shape of the breast may change slightly.

Q: How often are implants replaced?
A: Modern dentures come with a lifetime warranty. The reason for the replacement may be the personal wish of the patient (for example, if her weight has changed or she wants a larger size) or medical indications.

Q: At first, only sleeping on the back is allowed. When can I sleep on my side after mammoplasty?
A: After two weeks, sleeping on your side is no longer forbidden, and after a month, you can even treat yourself to lying on your stomach.

Q: Why are sizers (implant simulators) needed?
A: They allow you to literally try on the results of your upcoming surgery and find the correct shape and size of the prosthesis to ensure you are satisfied. The same function is performed by 3D modeling on a computer, but only external implant simulators (sizers) give a woman an idea of the weight and texture of her future breast.

Q: Is it possible to make artificial breasts look and feel real?
A: Yes, but it all depends on the professionalism of the surgeon. An experienced doctor will select the ideal anatomical implants and perform the operation so that the new breast looks indistinguishable from the natural one. Although magic still should not be expected: in some angles, a trained eye still recognizes silicone.

Q: Is diving and flying on a plane permanently banned after mammoplasty?
A: Not forever. Pressure drops should be avoided only for the first 14 days, so that there is no discomfort.

Q: I want to put on a regular bra as soon as possible ... How long to wear compression underwear after mammoplasty?
A: From one to two months, your doctor will decide more precisely. The compression bandage fixes the implants, does not allow them to move, prevents the seams from coming apart, reduces pain and relieves swelling, its importance cannot be underestimated!

As you can see, breast augmentation has its own nuances, indications and contraindications. It is better to learn about them even before visiting a medical institution and be prepared for various moments.

Now you know how to choose a surgeon (reviews), why there is such a large price range (different professionalism, stardom of the surgeon and the cost of the implant), when the doctor can refuse the operation or postpone it a little, why it will be necessary to wear compression underwear and how long you can’t sleep on the side and stomach and other interesting things for those who want unearthly beauty for their bust.

Girls, sanity to you when choosing the size of the implant and a successful operation!

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