What is useful sodium chloride. Saline intravenous indications
A solution of sodium chloride 0.9% is isotonic for the body, that is, equal in osmotic pressure to blood plasma. Many know it as physiological, or saline. This name is not entirely justified, because not all the necessary electrolytes are present in the solution, but it is firmly entrenched even among physicians.
Composition and action
The main volume is the auxiliary substance - distilled water, each liter of the solution contains NaCl 9 g.
Sodium chloride can compensate for the lack of water in the body, normalize the acid-base balance and have a detoxifying effect. In cases of large plasma loss, such as burns, saline can be used as a plasma-substituting agent.
Release form
Sodium chloride is a white, odorless crystalline substance. It dissolves well in water, forming a colorless transparent liquid.
Sodium chloride 0.9% can be produced as a solution for infusion, solvent for injection and spray.
Sodium chloride for intravenous injections is placed in special glass containers of 200 or 400 ml. The bottles are sterile and hermetically sealed with rubber stoppers. Volumes of 100, 500 and 250 ml are also produced, but in plastic containers.
In the form of a solvent, the liquid is in ampoules of 1, 2, 5 or 10 ml.
Pharmacological properties of the drug Sodium chloride 0.9
Saline maintains the balance of osmotic pressure. If the amount of NaCl in the blood decreases, then water from the plasma begins to flow into the intercellular space. With a large deficiency of this substance, spasms and convulsions can develop, as well as disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, heart and blood vessels.
Therefore, it is important to make up for the lack of sodium chloride in a timely manner.
Pharmacodynamics
The drug has the ability to increase the volume of circulating blood, but this effect is short-lived, since the solution is quickly excreted from the body. Sodium chloride helps to cope with intoxication and fluid loss. It is used to restore and prevent conditions associated with sodium deficiency.
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Pharmacokinetics
In plasma, the sodium concentration is 142 mmol / l, about the same as in the interstitial fluid. Chloride reaches a concentration of 101 mmol/L. The solution is isotonic, therefore it is well excreted, mainly by the kidneys. It is possible to excrete small amounts through the intestines or sweat glands.
What are they used for?
Saline is used for intravenous infusions for large fluid losses, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and extensive burns.
It is also prescribed for other conditions:
- lack of sodium or chlorine in the blood;
- dehydration;
- intestinal obstruction;
- alcohol or drug intoxication.
The solution can be washed with wounds and mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes.
Ampoules are used for diluting dosage forms and wetting dressings.
A nasal spray with a concentration of 0.9% is used to irrigate the nasal cavity in adults. At the same time, the crusts soften and the mucous membrane is moistened. Thick mucus becomes more liquid, making it easy to evacuate from the nasal cavity.
Is it possible with hemorrhoids?
Saline can be used to prevent hemorrhoids, as it helps with constipation. Enemas are carried out using Esmarch's mug.
With hemorrhoidal bleeding of large volume, infusion therapy with 0.9% sodium salt can be carried out. This is an emergency decision at the first stage of medical events.
The use of lotions, baths or enemas with existing hemorrhoids can be carried out only after consulting a doctor.
Sodium chloride
0.9% NaCl solution in patients with impaired renal function
How to use Sodium chloride 0.9?
The drug can be used for intravenous drip, in enemas and topically. After dilution in a solution of medicinal substances, it is used for subcutaneous, intravenous and intramuscular injections.
Before intravenous infusion, saline must be warmed to body temperature. The drug is not administered by jet, the average rate is 540 ml / h, it is adjusted if necessary. The dose is determined by the doctor and is 1-3 liters per day.
Topical application consists in the use of baths and compresses as prescribed by a doctor.
In the treatment of colds, you can use a nasal spray and inhalation through a nebulizer.
How to breed?
Dilution before injection should be done under sterile conditions. The method of administration and the volume of the prepared solution of the medicinal substance is determined by the instructions of the latter. In some cases, this is corrected by the doctor.
Before the introduction, it is necessary to make sure that the resulting solution is homogeneous and has no sediment. If another solvent is indicated in the instructions for the preparation (for example, distilled water), then sodium chloride cannot be used for dilution.
Contraindications when using sodium chloride 0.9
Saline is not prescribed with an excess of sodium and chlorine in the blood or a lack of potassium. Puffiness due to extracellular hyperhydration and acidosis are also contraindications for use.
Do not use sodium chloride under the following conditions:
- dehydration inside the cell;
- swelling of the brain or lungs and disorders that can lead to them;
- acute ventricular failure;
- patient taking glucocorticosteroids in large quantities.
It is prescribed with caution for pathologies of the kidneys, heart and blood vessels, as well as with a reduced amount of daily urine or its absence.
Side effects
The use of the drug in large volumes can lead to acidosis (a shift in the balance towards a decrease in pH), overhydration and a decrease in plasma potassium.
Overdose
Excess saline can lead to an increase in sodium in the blood, the treatment of this condition is symptomatic.
If sodium chloride was used as a dilution solvent, then the undesirable effects will be due to the dissolved drug. Overdoses when using a nasal spray have not been recorded.
special instructions
With long-term therapy using large doses, it is necessary to monitor the amount of electrolytes in the body.
The drug does not adversely affect the ability to drive machinery or transport.
During pregnancy and lactation
With toxicosis of pregnant women, large volumes of saline are contraindicated. There is no information about the negative impact on the development of the fetus.
Application in childhood
Until the test results are obtained, with a sharp decrease in blood pressure in a child against the background of dehydration, infusions are prescribed at the rate of 20-30 ml / kg. After evaluating laboratory parameters, the doctor adjusts the therapy.
Nasal spray with a concentration of sodium chloride of 0.9% is contraindicated in children under 2 years of age.
drug interaction
Combinations of saline and colloidal blood substitutes are used to increase BCC. Sodium chloride is compatible with such drugs.
Mixing with other products should be done according to the instructions. It is necessary to visually monitor the compatibility of components.
Analogues
Depending on the method of application in the pharmacy, you can purchase varieties and analogues:
- Sodium chloride Bufus;
- Physiodosis;
- Okusalin;
- Sodium chloride brown;
- Salin;
- Aquamaster.
Substitutions of drugs should be made under the supervision of a physician, because some analogues contain additional substances that have their own contraindications.
Terms and conditions of storage
Sodium chloride should be stored in a dark, cool (up to 25 °C) place out of the reach of children. Shelf life is 2 years, after this time the drug can not be used.
If a suspension appears in saline or it changes color, the container should be disposed of. During transportation, freezing is possible, but the drug must be hermetically sealed.
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
Saline is a prescription drug.
Sodium chloride is a drug that has long been used in medicine. This saline solution is administered intravenously in the form of droppers and intramuscularly, used for inhalation, etc.
In medicine, sodium chloride is used:
- For intravenous infusion as a sodium solution in the form of a dropper.
- For dilution of drugs for injection.
- To disinfect cuts and wounds.
- For washing the nose.
Why sodium chloride droppers are prescribed and under what conditions it is prescribed is described in detail below.
What it is?
- Many chemical bioactive compounds are dissolved in human blood.
- The concentration of chlorides in the blood plays an important role in the coordinated work of all internal systems.
- Chlorides regulate the hydrobalance of plasma and body fluids, normalize acid-base metabolism.
- When the body gets sick, in the first place, it begins to react to the disease by dehydration.
With extensive dehydration, chlorine with potassium ions is washed out of the body. A decrease in their concentration causes thickening of the blood, spasms, spasms of smooth muscles, as well as disruption of the central nervous system, heart and blood vessels.
In this case, a dropper with saline sodium chloride is usually prescribed.
What is a dropper made of?
The composition of the saline solution is sodium chloride - a plasma-substituting substance, which is prepared from sodium salts HCl (in everyday life it is known as table salt).
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is white crystals, rapidly soluble in water.
Pure chlorine is poisonous, but is known as an effective disinfectant for various liquids. Chlorine combined with sodium is present in the blood plasma.
The substance enters the body with water and food.
Naturally, the use of sodium chloride in everyday life is limited mainly to cooking.
Therefore, if you drink a solution of sodium chloride, nothing will happen. Do not worry even if the child drank the solution due to an oversight of adults.
Properties of sodium chloride
Sodium chloride saline solution has a rehydrating effect - that is, restoring water balance.
0.9% sodium chloride has the same osmotic pressure as human blood, so it can be quickly excreted.
External use helps to remove pus from the wound and eliminate pathological m microflora.
The use of saline through intravenous droppers increases urination and makes up for the lack of chlorine and sodium.
Types of saline
Saline sodium chloride for droppers is currently available in 2 types, differing in the degree of concentration.
Photo (clickable):
Isotonic physiological Nacl 0.9% Brown solution from a German manufacturer is prescribed for:
- Restoration of intracellular plasma lost as a result of prolonged dyspepsia.
- Replenishment of interstitial fluid lost as a result of dehydration.
- Replenishment of ions in case of intoxication and intestinal obstruction.
- As an external agent.
- For dilution of concentrated drugs.
Hypertonic 3, 5 and 10% sodium chloride solution is used:
- As an external antiseptic.
- For dilution of enema solutions.
- Intravenous to replace fluid during diuresis.
- Infusion for the removal of cerebral edema or to increase low pressure (in particular with internal bleeding).
- As an anti-edematous agent in ophthalmology.
Sodium chloride solution is sold in ampoules for dissolving drugs for injection and in vials with a capacity of up to 1 liter for external and enema use, intravenous infusion.
Oral tablets are also made and a nasal spray is made in vials.
Release form, composition and packaging
Solution for injection 0.9% - 100 ml, sodium chloride 900 mg
- 1 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard.
- 2 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard.
- 5 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard.
- 10 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard.
What is sodium chloride used for?
Saline sodium chloride is perhaps the most versatile remedy.
Droppers with sodium chloride are placed in any complex therapy.
Intravenously, the agent is dripped for:
- Rapid replenishment of blood volume.
- Urgent restoration of the activity of internal organs in a state of shock.
- Saturation of organs with vital ions.
- Stopping the processes of intoxication and relieving symptoms of poisoning.
In these conditions, the urgent use of sodium chloride in droppers is most often prescribed:
- Diarrhea.
- Vomit.
- Dyspepsia.
- For extensive burns.
- With cholera.
- With dehydration.
During pregnancy
Sodium chloride is used to treat severe pathologies in pregnant women.
Saline is absolutely harmless to the body of a woman and a developing fetus.
Usually, sodium chloride is needed during therapy for pregnant women, it is needed to dilute drugs for a single infusion up to 400 ml.
If you need to restore the blood level, the amount of saline is increased to 1400 ml.
More sodium chloride for pregnant women is used:
- With severe toxicosis, saline is additionally saturated with vitamins.
- With gestosis.
- When detoxifying.
- In the process of complicated childbirth occurring at reduced pressure.
- For cesarean delivery for women suffering from hypotension.
- To saturate organs with chlorides and vitamins.
The use of saline after childbirth during lactation is allowed.
The sodium chloride solution during pregnancy also has contraindications. It should not be used by a pregnant woman:
- With excessive overhydration.
- With heart failure.
- during treatment with corticosteroids.
- With pathologies of intracellular fluid circulation.
- With a diagnosed lack of potassium with a simultaneous excess of sodium and chlorine in the body.
With alcohol intoxication
In case of severe poisoning with ethyl alcohol, a person needs qualified medical assistance, which includes therapeutic measures, as well as droppers with saline sodium chloride.
It is droppers that relieve the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.
Other drugs - like tablets or suspensions - are usually ineffective, since they are difficult to take due to frequent vomiting.
And the medicine poured into a vein by dropper enters the bloodstream instantly and immediately begins to work.
NaCl works well with many drugs.
Salt sodium chloride solution can dilute several necessary medications at the same time: vitamins, sedatives, glucose, and so on.
When diluting, it is imperative to control the compatibility visually, paying attention to whether a precipitate appeared during the mixing process, whether the color has changed.
Therapy for severe alcohol intoxication is carried out as follows:
- The doctor examines the patient, assessing the severity of his condition.
- Blood pressure, pulse, ECG is measured.
- The doctor prescribes drugs that must be added to saline for administration.
- Droppers are used for 3-4 days.
How is saline administered?
Isotonic sodium chloride solution can be administered intravenously and subcutaneously.
For intravenous administration, the dropper warms up to 36-38 degrees.
The volume to be injected depends on the amount of fluid lost by the body. The weight of a person and his age are taken into account:
- The average daily dose is 500 ml, which must be administered at a rate of 540 ml/h. With severe intoxication, the volume of administered medication per day can reach 3000 ml.
- A volume of 500 ml in emergency cases can be administered at a rate of 70 drops per minute.
Sodium chloride is used in compliance with the principles of sterility.
To prevent air from entering the dropper system, the system is first filled with a solution.
Containers must not be joined one by one, as air can enter from the first package.
Medications can be added during infusion or by injection into a specific area of the package intended for this procedure.
In the process of administering sodium chloride, it is necessary to control the patient's well-being, it is necessary to monitor his biological and clinical parameters, and devote time to assessing plasma electrolytes.
Side effects
The drug is well tolerated by patients, however, with its excessive infusion, the following side effects may develop:
- Acidosis.
- Hypokalemia.
- Hyperhydration.
Sodium chloride analogs
Manufacturers may produce sodium chloride solution under different names.
On sale you can find the following analogues of saline:
- Aqua-rinosol - spray.
- Aqua-master - spray for irrigation.
- Nazol - spray.
- Bufus for injections.
- Rizosin for moisturizing the nasal mucosa.
- Salin to moisturize the nasal passages.
Other isotonic preparations are also produced that have a more physiological composition than saline.
List of solutions for droppers,containing sodium chloride in the composition:
- Ringer.
- Ringer-Locke.
- Krebs-Ringer.
- Ringer-Tyrode.
- Disol, Trisol, Acesol, Chlosol.
- Sterofundin isotonic.
For medical purposes are used:
1.
Isotonic (physiological) 0.9% solution containing sodium chloride - 9 g, distilled water - up to 1 liter.
2.
Hypertonic 10% solution containing sodium chloride -100 g, distilled water - up to 1 liter.
Release form
- To dissolve medicinal substances for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride is produced in ampoules of 5, 10, 20 ml.
- For dissolution of medicinal substances, intravenous drip infusions, enemas and external use: 0.9% sodium chloride solution in vials of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml.
- For intravenous injections and external use: 10% sodium chloride solution in vials of 200 and 400 ml.
- For oral (oral) administration: 0.9 g tablets. To use the tablet, dissolve in 100 ml of boiled warm water.
- For the treatment of the nasal cavity: nasal spray - 10 ml.
pharmachologic effect
Sodium chloride is responsible in the body for maintaining a constant pressure in the blood plasma and extracellular fluid. Its required amount enters the body with food. Various pathological conditions (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, extensive burns), accompanied by an increased release of sodium chloride, provoke a deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions. This leads to thickening of the blood, convulsive muscle contractions, spasms of smooth muscle muscles, dysfunctions of the nervous system and blood circulation may develop. Timely introduction of an isotonic solution into the body compensates for the lack of fluid in the body and temporarily restores the water-salt balance. However, due to the same osmotic pressure with blood plasma, the solution does not linger in the vascular bed. After 1 hour, no more than half of the injected amount of the substance remains in the vessels. This explains the lack of effectiveness of isotonic solution in such severe conditions as blood loss. It has detoxifying, plasma-substituting properties.
Hypertonic sodium chloride solution, when administered intravenously, increases diuresis, compensates for the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions.
Indications for use
Saline solution is used for:- Restoration of water balance in case of dehydration of the body caused by various reasons.
- Maintenance of plasma volume during and after surgery.
- Detoxification of the body (food poisoning, dysentery, cholera, etc.).
- Maintaining plasma volume with extensive burns, diarrhea, blood loss, diabetic coma.
- Washing eyes with inflammatory and allergic irritations of the cornea.
- Washing the nasal mucosa with allergic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, prevention of sinusitis, acute respiratory infections, after removal of polyps and adenoids.
- Inhalation of the respiratory tract (with the help of special devices - inhalers).
Hypertonic saline is used for:
1.
Deficiency of the elements sodium and chlorine.
2.
Dehydration due to various reasons: pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, burns, vomiting, diarrhea.
3.
Silver nitrate poisoning.
It is used as an aid when diuresis (increase in urine volume) is needed. Externally used for antimicrobial treatment of wounds, rectally - for enemas from constipation.
Sodium chloride - instructions for use
Isotonic (physiological) sodium chloride solution is administered intravenously and subcutaneously. More often - intravenously drip. The solution before use is recommended to warm up to 36-38 o C. The volume to be injected depends on the patient's condition and the amount of fluid lost by the body. The age and body weight of the patient are taken into account. The average daily dose is 500 ml (it completely covers the daily requirement for sodium chloride), the average rate of administration is 540 ml / h. The maximum daily volume of 3000 ml is administered with a strong degree of intoxication and dehydration. If necessary, a drip infusion of 500 ml is carried out at a fairly high speed - 70 drops / minute. The dose of the solution for children depends on body weight and age. On average, it ranges from 20 to 100 ml per day per 1 kg of body weight.
With prolonged use of large doses of sodium chloride, it is necessary to analyze the content of electrolytes in plasma and urine.
For dilution of drugs administered by the drip method, from 50 to 250 ml of sodium chloride solution is used per dose of the drug. To determine the rate of administration and dose, they are guided by recommendations for the main therapeutic drug.
Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is injected intravenously (slowly), on average 10-30 ml. A 2-5% solution is used for gastric lavage in case of silver nitrate poisoning, which turns into non-toxic silver chloride. In cases requiring immediate replenishment of sodium and chlorine ions in the body (food poisoning, vomiting), 100 ml of the solution is administered by drip.
For rectal enemas to induce defecation, 100 ml of a 5% solution or 3000 ml / day of isotonic solution is sufficient. Hypertonic enema is also used for cardiac and renal edema, hypertension and intracranial pressure. Contraindications to it are inflammation and erosion of the lower colon.
The treatment of purulent wounds is carried out in accordance with the treatment regimen. A compress moistened with a solution is applied to a festering wound, abscesses, boils and phlegmon. This causes the death of microorganisms and the separation of pus from the problem area.
For the treatment of the nasal mucosa, you can use a nasal spray, a ready-made isotonic solution or a solution obtained by dissolving a tablet.
The solution is instilled after the nasal cavity is cleared of mucus. When instilled into the left nostril, the head should be tilted to the right and slightly tilted back. In the case of the right nostril, the opposite is true. Adult dose - 2 drops in the right and left nostrils, for children from a year - 1-2 drops, up to a year - 1 drop 3-4 times a day, for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. The average course of therapy is 21 days.
Washing the nasal cavity is carried out in the supine position. Adults can use a syringe for this procedure. After the procedure, you need to get up to free your nose from rarefied mucus and restore breathing.
For effective injection of the spray, you need to take a shallow breath through your nose, and then lie down for several minutes, throwing your head back. Adults are prescribed 2 doses, children from 2 years old - 1-2 doses 3-4 times a day.
For the treatment of colds, inhalations with sodium chloride are used. To do this, mix equal amounts of isotonic solution with bronchodilators (Lazolvan, Ambroxol, Tussamag, Gedelix). The duration of the procedure for adults is 10 minutes, for children - 5-7 minutes 3 times a day.
To stop attacks of allergic cough and bronchial asthma, an isotonic solution is added to drugs that expand the bronchi (Berodual, Berotek, Ventolin).
Sodium chloride 10 - instructions for use
Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid with a strongly salty taste. The solution for intravenous administration must be sterile, securely packaged, free of impurities, sediment, crystals and turbidity. For self-preparation of a solution, 4 tablespoons (without a slide) of salt are dissolved in 1 liter of boiled warm water. The solution is used for enemas.
Sodium chloride 9 - instructions for use
Isotonic sodium chloride solution is a clear, colorless and odorless liquid with a slightly salty taste. Ampoules and vials should be free of cracks, breaks. The solution is sterile, without impurities, sediment, crystals and turbidity. Instructions for preparing saline at home:
a teaspoon (with a slide) of ordinary table salt is stirred in 1 liter of boiled warm water. Since the prepared solution is not sterilized, its shelf life is a day. Such a solution is suitable for inhalation, enemas, rinses and topical application. It is strictly contraindicated for intravenous or intramuscular administration, treatment of eyes and open wounds. Before each use, the desired amount of solution is heated to room temperature. Home preparation of saline is justified only in extreme cases, when it is impossible to visit a pharmacy.
Contraindications
Isotonic (physiological) sodium chloride solution is contraindicated in the following cases:- increased content of sodium ions in the body;
- increased content of chlorine ions in the body;
- lack of potassium;
- circulatory disorders of the fluid, with the possibility of the formation of cerebral and pulmonary edema;
- acute heart failure;
- intracellular dehydration;
- extracellular fluid excess;
- treatment with large doses of corticosteroids.
Contraindications for hypertonic saline: categorically not allowed the introduction under the skin or into the muscles. When the solution comes into contact with the tissues, the liquid passes from the cells into the solution. Cells lose water, shrink and die from dehydration. This is how tissue necrosis (death) occurs.
Side effects
With intravenous administration of the solution, local reactions may occur: a burning sensation and hyperemia at the site of application.With prolonged use of the drug, symptoms of intoxication of the body are possible:
- discomfort in the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea;
- disorders of the nervous system: lacrimation, constant thirst, anxiety, sweating, dizziness, headache, weakness;
- arterial hypertension, rapid heartbeat and pulse;
- menstrual irregularities;
- excess fluid in the body or its parts (edema), which indicates a pathological shift in water-salt metabolism;
- acidosis - a shift in the acid-base balance of the body towards an increase in acidity;
- hypokalemia - a decrease in the amount of potassium in the blood of the body.
sodium chloride during pregnancy
It is believed that the body's daily need for sodium is about 4-5 grams. However, during pregnancy, this value should be reduced to a minimum. Excess sodium in the food consumed leads to fluid retention in the body, resulting in increased blood density and blood pressure. Further, this leads to severe edema (gestosis). Constant monitoring of the content of sodium chloride in food will help to avoid edema. It will not be possible to do without an important trace element at all, since it is necessary for the normal course of all intracellular and intercellular processes, maintaining a constant salt balance and osmotic pressure not only for the mother, but also for the child.
The main source of sodium chloride for a pregnant woman is ordinary table salt, which contains 99.85 of this important element. In order to reduce the intake of sodium chloride, you can use salt with a reduced sodium content. Potassium and magnesium salts are additionally introduced into such a salt.
Consumption of iodized salt will provide the necessary dose of iodine - a trace element that affects the stability of pregnancy.
Physiological sodium chloride solution is used in/in drip in pregnant women under the following conditions:
1.
Preeclampsia (increased concentration of sodium in the blood plasma) with severe edema.
2.
Medium and severe stages of toxicosis.
Interaction with other drugs
Sodium chloride is compatible with almost all drugs. This leads to its use for dissolving and diluting drugs. In the process, visual control of their compatibility is necessary (no sediment, flakes, crystal formation and discoloration).Poorly compatible with the neutral environment of sodium chloride drug norepinephrine, stable in an acidic environment.
Simultaneous administration with corticosteroids requires constant monitoring of the level of electrolytes in the blood.
The hypotensive effect of Enalapril and Spirapril is reduced while taking sodium chloride preparations.
Leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim and sodium chloride are incompatible.
Before use, you should consult with a specialist.To speed up recovery during a cold, saline sodium chloride is often used for inhalation through a nebulizer. Pharmaceutical saline, due to its properties, is one of the most common means that are used as the basis for inhalation with the addition of medications, as well as in its pure form. A feature of the substance is the possibility of its use for the treatment of diseases at any age, starting from the first years of life, as well as during pregnancy.
The saline used for is 0.9% normal saline. He received the definition of physiological due to the content of sodium chloride in the same amount as in the composition of human blood. Sodium chloride is an essential substance found in all fluids and tissues of the human body and is an integral part of every cell. Salt maintains the osmotic pressure necessary for their proper functioning in the tissues of the body.
Pharmacy saline is essentially a sterile 0.9% saline solution that is made by diluting sodium chloride (common table salt) with purified (distilled) water. Saline is widely used in medicine for various purposes, from cleansing the body with enemas, ending with the dilution of drugs in a sodium chloride solution for inhalation or invasive therapy. Saline due to its similarity with human blood is an excellent basis for dissolving medicines.
How does sodium chloride solution work during inhalation?
Saline sodium chloride moisturizes the mucous membrane of the larynx, nasopharynx and mouth, which stimulates the speedy separation and discharge of sputum, mucus, purulent accumulations from the pharynx, oral cavity and small bronchi. Reduces manifestations of catarrhal effects, for a short period of time increases the release of liquid bronchial secretions.
By preventing the mucous membranes from drying out, it helps to reduce the manifestations of unpleasant symptoms accompanying the disease, such as: cough, sore throat, burning, poor sputum discharge.
At the same time, the contact of saline and mucous membranes does not cause negative consequences, such as irritation, or allergies, since the agent is perceived by the body as its own natural liquid.
For what diseases is it used
According to the instructions, a physical solution of sodium chloride is used for inhalation during the development of the following colds and respiratory diseases:
- with varying degrees of severity;
- at ;
- during laryngitis;
- at ;
- during seizures;
- with bronchiectasis;
- during the development of a pathological condition of the lungs and other ailments that affect the respiratory system.
The most effective is therapy with saline through a nebulizer in the treatment of diseases affecting the lungs and bronchi, while the treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx is less effective. This is due to the fact that when the medicinal vapor is inhaled, small particles settle directly in the deep sections of the lungs, and do not linger on the walls of the respiratory tract. The drug, penetrating into the respiratory system, has a thinning effect on sputum and stimulates its excretion, improves coughing and softens the mucous tissues of the respiratory tract.
What can be mixed with? Do you use pure saline?
Saline is used in various types of nebulizers. The devices are compressor or ultrasonic, while the sodium chloride solution can be used as the basis for drugs, as well as the only component of inhalation, that is, in undiluted form.
For therapy through a nebulizer with saline in the development of diseases affecting the bronchi and lungs, the following drugs can be used:
- expanding bronchi - Berodual, Berotek, Atrovent. These drugs are used in bronchial asthma and are prescribed to prevent and relieve attacks;
- thinning sputum and removing it - Fluimucil, Lazolvan, ACC Inject, Mukaltin, Ambrobene, Gedelix. They are used for coughing accompanying the development of bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis and other diseases;
- anti-inflammatory - infusion of propolis, eucalyptus and calendula;
- antiseptic and antibacterial agents - dioxidine, gentamicin, chlorophyllipt;
- relieving swelling - naphthyzinum and adrenaline.
In addition, saline sodium chloride is quite often used as a clean solution, as it also has antibacterial properties. This allows him to act in a favorable way on inflammation, reducing their manifestations. Also, sodium chloride in its natural form facilitates expectoration, as it moisturizes the mucous membranes.
Instructions for inhalation with saline - dosage, how much is needed, how to do it?
As a rule, the inhalation process should take place in the following sequence:
- it is necessary to carry out the procedure of inhalation with saline with the addition;
- after 20 minutes, carry out the inhalation procedure using a medication aimed at liquefying sputum and its further separation and excretion from the body;
- after the patient coughs and sputum comes out, at the end of the procedure, inhalation with an antibacterial drug can be done.
At the same time, do not forget that the drugs and the inhalation therapy itself through a nebulizer should be prescribed by your doctor.
Only the attending physician can choose the right medicines and provide detailed recommendations on the treatment and preparation of the medicinal solution.
The process of inhalation itself requires compliance with certain rules:
- the optimum solution temperature is 37-40 degrees Celsius;
- it is necessary to carry out inhalation in the intervals between meals, at least 1 hour before meals and 1 hour after;
- inhalation and exhalation of the inhaled vapor must be done through the mouth;
- nasal breathing is indicated only in the treatment of inflammation in the nasopharynx, as well as the sinuses;
- breathing during inhalation should be of the usual rhythm, not deep and even;
- if the treatment is directed to the bronchi and lungs, then it is necessary to inhale the drugs deeply, holding the breath after inhalation for a short period of time.
Inhalations using sodium chloride solution can be carried out for 7-10 days. This period will be enough to reduce acute symptoms, as well as to improve the general condition. For one inhalation procedure, it is necessary to use 2-5 ml of saline, to which, if necessary, a drug with a specific therapeutic effect is added according to the instructions.
Rules for inhalation through a nebulizer
In order for the process of inhalation through a nebulizer to bring the maximum effect, it is necessary to follow some rules:
- during inhalation with saline, it is forbidden to talk, it is also not recommended to speak and go out into the fresh air for 1 hour after the completion of the process;
- inhale medicinal vapors should be soft, relaxed without overexertion; inhalations are made only by mouth, with a short pause before exhalation;
- the maximum time for the procedure should not exceed 10 minutes for adult patients and 2 minutes for young children;
- upon completion of the inhalation process, the nebulizer container must be thoroughly rinsed from drug residues and dried.
Before starting the inhalation process, it is necessary to disinfect the medicine container.
Inhalation with saline during pregnancy
Unfortunately, pregnant women are not 100% protected from colds, even with prophylaxis. Infections in the body can harm not only the expectant mother, but also her baby. Therefore, it is necessary to treat even the most mild ailments in a timely manner. Unfortunately, during the period of bearing a child, the use of many medications is contraindicated for a woman, which exacerbates the problem.
But, you can use saline sodium chloride during pregnancy, due to its complete identity with blood in composition. can be carried out with the development of cough, sore throat, runny nose, perspiration and dry mouth. To use saline as a basis for a drug, you must first consult with a specialist in order to avoid the negative impact of drug therapy on the body of the mother and child. Self-medication can lead to serious consequences, therefore it is strictly prohibited.
Duration of treatment with a nebulizer for coughing in children
The nebulizer is an excellent tool for inhalation in childhood, especially in the first years of life. To ensure the maximum effect of therapy in childhood, it is necessary to adhere to certain dosages and duration of treatment.
The duration depends primarily on the age of the child. For babies of the first two years of life, inhalation with saline through a nebulizer should not exceed 2 minutes 1-2 times a day, with a maximum amount of 1 ml solution. Children aged 2 years and older can receive therapy for 3-7 minutes, but not more than 10 minutes in several sessions.
The duration of the general course of therapy depends on the specific disease and medications that are used, the maximum duration of treatment should not exceed 10 days. The number of inhalations per day can vary from the general condition of the child from 2 to 4 times a day. In the initial stage, it is recommended to carry out 4 procedures a day, and when the condition is alleviated, up to 2 times a day.
Instructions for preparing a medicinal solution based on sodium chloride are identical to the preparation of an inhaled solution for use by adults, with the only difference being that the amount of the drug must be added according to the instructions, strictly observing the proportions for children.
Storage rules after opening - how long can you store open?
Storage of saline sodium chloride should be carried out at low temperatures, preferably in the refrigerator. When opening the ampoule of the drug, the duration of storage should not exceed 24 hours. To extend the shelf life of the physical solution, it is purchased in glass bottles of various sizes with a rubber stopper, which can be easily pierced with a syringe with a needle and collect the required amount of the drug. It is important to be careful when opening glass containers (ampoules) to avoid falling fragments into the solution.
Contraindications and side effects
Despite the correspondence of the composition of saline to the composition of the blood, its use has a number of contraindications and special cases of use. So inhalation with saline sodium chloride is strictly prohibited when:
Despite the ease of the inhalation process and the general safety, self-treatment is unacceptable. Only the attending physician can prescribe therapy and indicate the required dosage. Not every disease that affects the respiratory system can be treated with inhalation using saline and medications. With excessive use of inhalations, some side effects may occur, expressed in a burning sensation in the area of impact of saline with drugs.
What can replace the saline solution?
Saline is one of the most affordable means used as a basis for inhalation, as well as in the form of a pure solution. But if necessary, it can be replaced with products with similar properties:
- Salin;
- AquaMaster;
- Aqua-Rinosol;
- Rizostin;
- Aquamarine and others.
In addition, you can make saline at home on your own. This will require:
- prepare purified water, which must be boiled and cooled;
- pour 100 ml of cooled boiled water into a container;
- add 0.9 grams of sea or table salt;
- the resulting solution must be thoroughly mixed, and left for some time to completely dissolve the salt;
- pour the prepared solution into a clean glass container, previously sterilized.
If you don’t have a measuring container or a glass and scales at hand, you can make the right solution yourself in a slightly larger volume. To do this, for 1 liter of prepared water, you will need to add 1 teaspoon of table salt. Or simply replace the saline solution with alkaline mineral water, which is similar in composition to saline.
(in other words, saline) is a solution of sodium chloride NaCl. Details about it, as well as how it is made and why it is used, will be discussed in our article.
How is saline made?
Physical solution, the composition of which contains not so many components, is produced in large quantities in production. In the process of creating this medical product, salts are introduced into distilled water in a certain order. And only when the previous component is completely dissolved, the next one is added.
To prevent the formation of a precipitate in the solution, carbon dioxide is passed through sodium bicarbonate. The last step is to add glucose. Of particular importance is the dishes in which saline is prepared. Its composition contains many elements necessary for the body, but there are no metals among them, since they negatively affect the vital activity of tissues. Therefore, it is especially important that saline solution is prepared only in glass containers.
What is saline for?
In general, this solution is actively used in medicine. It is used for:
- dehydration of the body (droppers);
- dilution of various medicines;
- in emergency cases, the solution acts as a blood substitute.
Also it is used for:
- injections and droppers;
- washing contact lenses;
- and also as an antimicrobial agent.
For medicine, saline is an almost indispensable thing, since all droppers in medical institutions are made on its basis: drugs are diluted with them to achieve the required concentration. Injections, especially vitamins, are most often also given with saline, which softens the effect of the drug and makes the injection less painful.
Why use the product at home
The saline solution, the composition of which is indicated on the bottle, can always be freely purchased at the pharmacy. It can also be used at home, for example, for washing the nose. This substance can perfectly replace some expensive nasal sprays, and the effect will be exactly the same as after the use of expensive drugs.
In medicine, there are several varieties of saline, the composition of which, depending on the purpose of use, may differ slightly from each other. The composition is not of fundamental importance, since this procedure can be performed using any version of the agent, but it is best to take a 0.9% concentration. Washing the nose with saline is, in fact, a mechanical cleaning of the mucous membrane.
It is easy to do the procedure yourself. To do this, tilt your head forward so that the openings of the nasal passages are parallel to the floor. This posture is very important. The head must be held in this way to prevent the solution from entering the auditory tubes. After you need to draw in a nose some amount of liquid. During a runny nose, saline, the composition of which is absolutely safe and only benefits the body, will help clear the nose and make breathing easier.
The use of saline for inhalation
Often this adjuvant is used for inhalation. For this, in addition to the solution itself, you will need a special device - an inhaler (nebulizer). The essence of this process is that a medicine diluted with saline is injected into the inhaler. Through a special nozzle, the patient inhales this medical device (prescribed drug), which has the desired effect on the body. Also, this procedure allows you to moisturize the surface of the mucous membrane.
The composition of saline for inhalation does not really matter, you can use any - sterile or not, and also take it in any proposed concentration (from 0.5 to 0.9%). Inhalations using saline are very effective. Especially often they are prescribed to young children during colds. The procedure allows not only to cope with the ailment, but also to prevent it, if inhalations are done for prevention.
Droppers with saline solution
As we have already mentioned, most IVs in hospitals are made with saline. By diluting the drug with it, you can achieve the desired concentration of the administered medication. The composition of saline for droppers is indicated on the bottle with this drug (as a rule, it is 0.9% aqueous sodium chloride solution that is used, it is also called isotonic). It is already in the concentration that is necessary for its use. It must be sterile, that is, it is forbidden to use the drug with broken packaging. Saline droppers are prescribed for blood thinning and to eliminate edema. If necessary, this remedy is combined with other medicines. We hope our article answered in detail the question of what saline is and why it is used.
