How many days are normal periods. Reasons for deviations

There is an old obstetric rule: “The sun should not rise twice over a woman in labor,” and even 50 years ago it was really believed that childbirth should not go longer than 24 hours.

Now these terms are significantly reduced. According to modern concepts, the time of delivery should not exceed 18 hours. However, they usually last even less and take 11-12 hours for primiparas, and 7-8 hours for multiparous ones.

The total time of labor is counted from the start of regular contractions to the birth of the placenta.

Births are considered fast if they end in 4-6 hours for primiparous or 2-4 hours for multiparous. If the birth ended even faster, they are called rapid. Childbirth exceeding 18 hours is considered protracted.

In the total time of childbirth, three periods are distinguished: the first (disclosure), the second (expulsion) and the third (afterbirth). The longest period is the first, but in rare cases, the disclosure may go unnoticed by the mother.

The second period usually lasts 45-60 minutes (15-30 for multiparous). According to WHO recommendations, stimulation should be used when the duration of the second period is more than two hours (one hour for multiparous).

What are the dangers of prolonged labor

Long contractions exhaust a woman, deplete her energy reserves and psyche. The strength to give birth is becoming less and less.

In addition, if at the very beginning the waters broke, and the child cannot be born for a long time, there is a danger of infection getting to him. In this case, antibiotics are prescribed.

The entanglement of the umbilical cord also has a bad effect on the child, causing him to lack oxygen. In this case, childbirth should be completed faster.

What are the dangers of fast and rapid childbirth

Injuries to the child and mother. Strong uterine contractions push the baby's head into the birth canal and can injure the cervical spine (prenatal cervical injury, PTSTI).

Although the bones of the newborn's skull are soft and mobile, a very rapid delivery can dislodge them, leading to the development of various abnormalities.

For a mother, fast and rapid childbirth is dangerous with ruptures of the cervix and perineum.

When resorting to stimulation in childbirth

In childbirth, a situation may arise when they need to be accelerated in order to avoid complications. If the mother does not have enough strength, or the uterus contracts irregularly, one has to resort to drug stimulation. Much depends on the maternity hospital and the doctor conducting the birth, as well as on the condition of the woman.

The introduction of stimulants makes the contractions stronger and more painful, so you have to additionally give the woman painkillers.

In some cases, drug stimulation is indispensable, for example, if the water has broken and contractions do not begin.

How many days a woman's menstruation lasts is influenced by many factors, including the physiological characteristics of the body, lifestyle. Significant deviations from the norm, instability of the menstrual cycle are symptoms of diseases of the organs of the reproductive system. Only a gynecological examination will help determine the cause of the violations. Do not put off a visit to the doctor in the hope that everything will work itself out. A neglected disease is more difficult to treat, and its consequences are serious.

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Normal and abnormal menstruation in women of reproductive age

The duration of menstrual bleeding should normally be 3-7 days. The body these days is weakened due to blood loss. The woman quickly gets tired, feels weak. There is a headache. All these ailments are the norm, they do not last long and disappear with the end of menstruation. Normal menstruation is characterized by the release of blood with a total volume of 50 to 80 ml.

In a healthy woman, the cycle length is from 21 days to 35 days. Moreover, menstruation goes at approximately constant intervals with a maximum deviation of 2-4 days.

The presence of pathology in the body can be assumed in cases where menstruation lasts 2 days and less or more than 7 days, the volume of secretions is less than 40 ml or more than 80-100 ml. If smearing brown discharge appears before and after menstruation, increasing the number of critical days, this is also a violation.

A normal cycle should not be shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days. Its beginning is considered the first day of menstruation.

Factors affecting the duration of menstruation

How long the period lasts depends on the following factors:

Heredity. Some menstruation lasts 10 days or even more in the absence of any pathologies. This duration is typical for women in this family.
The presence of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the reproductive organs, benign neoplasms (fibroids, polyps, cysts), malignant tumors of the uterus and ovaries. With these diseases, the structure of the mucous membranes of organs is disturbed, damage to blood vessels and tissues occurs, as a result of which menstruation becomes more abundant and lasts longer.
Ovarian dysfunction. The cause of this condition can be both diseases of the genital organs, and frequent abortions, the use of an intrauterine device, the uncontrolled use of hormonal drugs. With ovarian dysfunction due to insufficient production of sex hormones, menstruation lasts 2 days or less.
Deviations in the work of the thyroid, pancreas, pituitary gland, adrenal glands - organs responsible for the state of the hormonal background in the body.

In addition, the number of critical days is sharply reduced with intense physical exertion (sports, weight lifting). Nervous strain, psychological trauma, depression cause heavy menstrual bleeding, lasting for 10-14 days.

Starvation, vitamin deficiency lead to a hormonal shift, a reduction in the duration of menstruation or their complete cessation. Smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use, and exposure to unfavorable ecology lead to the same result.

Video: How long do normal periods go

How long do teenage girls menstruate?

At the age of 12-15, girls have their first menstruation. During this period, the body begins hormonal changes associated with the maturation of the ovaries. The first menstruation comes irregularly, with delays of several months. This happens within 1-2 years. The volume of menstruation can fluctuate significantly.

It is difficult to say how many days teenage girls should menstruate until their character is finally established. Their duration can vary significantly, but gradually it returns to normal and is usually 3-5 days. After that, the girl needs to have a special calendar to mark the day of the beginning and end of menstruation.

If there are any deviations (menstruation does not come, ends too quickly, or, conversely, goes longer than last time), you should not panic. There can be many reasons: overwork, passion for diets, sports overload, teenage mental imbalance, change of scenery. Such violations will disappear after the elimination of their causes.

But if the violations are persistent, menstruation is too painful, then you must definitely consult a doctor. Such symptoms indicate the presence of diseases of the organs of the reproductive and other body systems.

Video: Menstruation in girls and adult women

Menstruation during pregnancy

With the onset of pregnancy, for most women, periods disappear, but sometimes they come at their usual time, because of which a woman may not understand that she is pregnant. If menstruation came only during the first 30 days of pregnancy, this is due to the fact that fertilization occurred at the very end of the menstrual cycle, when the endometrium had already partially exfoliated. Bloody discharges are scanty.

In rare cases, simultaneous maturation of eggs in both ovaries occurs. One of them is fertilized, and the second is brought out. In this case, there is a slight bleeding, which may look like a meager period that lasts for 1-2 days.

If during pregnancy during the first 3-4 months menstruation is scanty and short in duration, this may be the result of an incomplete cessation of hormone production in the ovaries, which is explained by the physiological characteristics of the body. But in any case, you should not calm down, since most often the appearance of spotting during pregnancy portends a miscarriage or speaks of endocrine disorders in the body.

Warning: If any bleeding occurs, a pregnant woman should immediately consult a doctor. You may need to be hospitalized for several days to maintain the pregnancy.

How many no periods after childbirth

The term of the appearance of the first menstruation after childbirth depends on the nature of their course, the general state of health. If a woman is breastfeeding, then during the entire period of lactation she does not have menstruation. If, for some reason, the child is transferred to artificial feeding immediately after birth, then the woman's period begins in about 12 weeks.

In the absence of complications, most often the menstrual cycle becomes more stable. If earlier menstruation was too plentiful and long, then after childbirth, the indicators are close to normal. Menstruation becomes painless, less intense. This is due to a change in the position of the uterus, improving the outflow of blood from it. How long menstruation lasts depends on the nature of the hormonal changes that have occurred. They usually last 3 to 5 days.

How many days does menstruation last with menopause

Menopause (complete cessation of menstruation) occurs in women at about 48-50 years of age. Already after 40 years, the production of sex hormones in the ovaries begins to gradually decline, the supply of eggs is depleted. Ovulation does not occur in every cycle. All this is reflected in the nature of menstruation. They come irregularly, the duration changes with each cycle. After heavy bleeding that does not stop for 8 days, there may be a long pause (2 months or more), after which there are scanty spotting brown periods, which disappear after 2 days. Then they stop altogether.

Addition: If spotting was absent for 1 year, and then reappeared, this is no longer menstruation. Bleeding of any duration and intensity during the postmenopausal period is a sign of hormonal failure, endocrine diseases, or the occurrence of tumors of the uterus or ovaries. It is urgent to contact specialist doctors (gynecologist, endocrinologist, oncologist) to identify the pathology.

Menstruation while using oral contraceptives

Birth control pills contain female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Their action is aimed at suppressing ovulation by changing their natural ratio in the body. Within 1-3 months after the start of taking the pills, the body adapts to the new hormonal background. In this case, the nature of menstruation may change compared to the usual. How many days do menstruation go in this case and what is their intensity depends on the chosen remedy. They can become plentiful and long, or, on the contrary, be scarce and short.

If after 3 months the nature of menstruation does not return to normal, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist. You may need to choose another drug.

Video: Gynecologist on the consequences of using hormonal drugs

Despite the rapid progress of modern medicine, for the vast majority of women, the first birth remains a difficult test. Most often, during the period of bearing the first child, the expectant mother is faced with a large number of fears, fears and social prejudices. You should not give in to panic, because a positive attitude is the main component of a successful birth. Only by pulling yourself together and getting rid of unnecessary fears, you can endure the birth of a child calmly and with dignity.

How is the first birth

The birth of a first child is both a great stress and a great joy for any woman. Often, having heard a lot of terrible stories from relatives and friends, expectant mothers refuse to carry out the first birth naturally, thereby only making things worse for themselves and their baby. Experienced doctors insist that the first birth of a baby should take place without medical intervention - this is the only way to understand that there is nothing terrible in the process itself, and to get rid of unnecessary fears forever.

For the first time, childbirth is quite difficult, since with them the woman has not yet developed the birth canal. Gynecologists advise future mothers not to worry, because in most cases the birth of a child is successful and without surgical intervention.

The terms of the first birth may be extended due to factors such as:

Malposition;
The structure of the female hips;
Viral diseases of the mother and pathology of the baby;
Fruit size.

Often, even during the last examination, the doctor sees what complications will arise during childbirth, so he can timely determine the strategy for the birth of the baby.

For women who are preparing to become mothers for the first time, psychologists recommend attending special courses for pregnant women. On them, future women in labor learn to behave correctly during labor, choose the most comfortable positions during childbirth, and also receive psychological support from their like-minded women. After completing special courses, the expectant mother will know how the first birth goes, so she will be able to reduce the experience several times.

How long does the first birth last?

Several centuries ago, doctors taking births believed that they should last no less than a day. Currently, the time for the birth of a baby has been significantly reduced. Experienced gynecologists believe that the period of normal childbirth should not exceed 18 hours. Most often, the birth of a child is much faster and does not take more than 12 hours, but there are exceptions.

The time of childbirth begins to be counted from the moment a woman begins to feel the first contractions. Births are considered fast if they end within 6 hours. If the mother was able to give birth to a child in an even shorter period, such a birth of a child is called rapid. The timing of the first birth directly depends on the position of the fetus, the health of the mother and the structure of the female hips.

Stages of the first birth

Despite the number of children already in a pregnant woman, all births take place in three stages:

The first stage is characterized by the onset of contractions and the expansion of the cervix. Normally, contractions should be monotonous and uniform. It is worth noting that in some cases a lot of time passes between the first contractions. Gradually, they become more frequent: depending on the degree of cervical dilation, the woman in labor begins to feel stronger contractions, which are repeated approximately every 10 minutes. During the first period, the cervix should open by 10-13 cm. It is at this stage that the baby gradually assumes the correct position and begins to slowly move along the mother's birth canal. During the first stage, the woman must breathe properly, which will help to significantly ease the contractions of the first birth and improve the position of the child;
The second stage involves the expulsion of the fetus. If a woman is going through childbirth for the first time, this period should last no more than 3 hours. At this time, the expectant mother takes a position in which she will be until the moment when the child is born. During the second stage, a woman has the opportunity to help move the fetus through the birth canal with the help of independent attempts. First of all, the doctor sees the occipital part of the baby (if he was in the correct position), then the shoulders come out. After the baby's upper body comes out, the woman in labor may feel relieved, as the torso and legs often come out without any problems. To ease the contractions of the first labor at this stage, the woman must follow the obstetrician's instructions exactly and maintain proper breathing;
At the third stage, the birth of the placenta occurs. Some time after the birth of the baby, the uterus begins to contract again, and the placenta gradually exfoliates from its walls. With the help of uterine contractions, the blood vessels that previously ensured the work of the placenta are closed. After the completion of the final stage, the mother and the newborn remain in the delivery room for several more hours.

Summing up, it should be said that each birth of a child into the world is purely individual, so even the most experienced doctor will not be able to say exactly how long the first birth lasts, and how the expectant mother will transfer the birth of the baby into the world. The birth of a child is the greatest happiness for parents, so do not fill your head with gloomy thoughts, even if you are going through this for the first time. Experienced doctors, support from loved ones and a positive attitude can make even the most difficult childbirth easier.

How long ovulation lasts is important for women planning a baby to know. This period is characterized by the rupture of the follicle and the release of a fully mature female cell from it, ready for fertilization.

Ovulation is the maturation and release of an egg. At this point, the woman's body is ready for conception. When performing sexual intercourse with a man, there is every chance of fertilization.

In other words, these are a few days in the middle of the menstrual cycle, when a woman of reproductive age has the opportunity to become pregnant.

When planning a child, it is important to know not only how to determine favorable days, but also when ovulation begins and how many days it lasts.

There is a standard: this is approximately two weeks before the onset of menstruation. However, much depends on the duration of the cycle and its regularity. This method of determination is more suitable for women who have a 28-day regular cycle. For those whose cycle exceeds 28 days and is 35 days, for example, the period before the release of the egg increases accordingly.

With an irregular cycle, other ways can help:

When the egg matures, a serious hormonal restructuring occurs in the female body. As a result, the amount of hormones in the blood changes, as well as the basal body temperature (BT). Its daily measurement and scheduling allows you to accurately determine the days suitable for conception.

During the maturation of the female germ cell, there is first a decrease, and then a sharp increase in temperature by several tenths of a degree. The periods before the release of the egg are characterized by a lower temperature.

The highest accuracy in determining the days favorable for conception is with the help of a test and an ultrasound procedure. However, they are more costly than BT scheduling.

How long does ovulation last

For successful pregnancy planning, you should know how long ovulation lasts in women. This period is about 16-32 hours.

Specify the numbers more accurately, how long does ovulation last. Here everything is individual. And it is worth noting that 16-32 hours is the period of preparation, and the rupture of the follicle and the release of the finished egg from it occurs in a matter of minutes.

In addition to using special methods of determination, a woman can feel it by characteristic signs if she carefully listens to her body.

the following:

a noticeable increase in sexual desire;
pain in the lower abdomen (more on the left or right, depending on which ovary the egg matures in);
clear mucous discharge (streaks of blood may appear).

No less important is the question of how many hours the egg cell lives. The duration of her life and the ability to fertilize is from 12 to 48 hours. Then it is either fertilized in the presence of sperm, or comes out with menstrual blood. After mucus, cessation of vaginal discharge and other symptoms, we can talk about the cessation of ovulation.

The life expectancy of male sex is up to 72 hours. Therefore, 48 hours before and after the release of the female germ cell are considered a favorable time for conception.

What does it depend on?

The presence of regular maturation of the female cell, once per menstrual cycle, indicates the reproductive health of the girl and her ability to become pregnant.

A variant of the norm is the absence of maturation of the female cell one month a year or the maturation of two eggs in one menstrual cycle.

A number of factors influence how many days ovulation occurs with a 28-day cycle or with a longer duration:

hormonal balance in a woman's body;
taking hormonal contraception;
antibacterial therapy;
bad habits;
lifestyle in general.

Changes in the process of maturation of the germ cell or its absence are possible after artificial termination of pregnancy, after childbirth, and also at the onset of premenopause.

If ovulation is absent for several cycles, it is necessary to make a visit to the doctor and undergo an examination. Not maturing the egg may indicate the presence of hormonal or gynecological problems.

Early and late maturation of the egg

Early ovulation is characterized by the release of the female cell, ready for fertilization, 7-9 days after menstruation.

Late occurs about 10 or 8 days before the onset of menstruation.

In some cases, early or late maturation of the female germ cell is not a deviation from the norm. The reasons are individual and may be as follows:

infectious diseases;
chronic diseases;
stressful situations;
diets;
hormonal disbalance;
excessive physical activity or lack of it.

The question of the duration and period of maturation of the germ cell, the possibility of conception, is often asked by young women in order to become pregnant. The maturation of the egg is considered an important indicator of the female body's ability to reproduce. To achieve successful conception, a woman needs to determine the onset of ovulation and its duration.

On the video about determining the day of ovulation

The duration of normal childbirth is determined by the individual characteristics of the organism, and also differs in primiparous and multiparous. According to the scientific literature, the duration of labor in primiparas should be at least 7 hours and not more than 18 hours. And in multiparous women, at least 3 hours and no longer than 8 hours. The duration of labor depends on such factors as the strength and effectiveness of uterine contractions, the speed of opening of the cervix and the fitness of the abdominal muscles. Speaking about how many hours a normal birth lasts, they mean the time from the start of regular contractions to the birth of the placenta.

How long does a human birth take on average?

The whole process of childbirth is divided into three periods:

The opening period of the cervix, or the first stage of labor. It starts from the moment of established regular uterine contractions and ends with the complete opening of the cervix. How long the first stage of labor will last depends on the effectiveness of uterine contractions, on the structure of the cervix (a soft, well-stretched cervix opens quite easily and quickly). In primiparas, the duration of the first stage of labor is on average 6-8 hours, and in multiparous 5-6 hours.
Second stage of labor (pulling or exile). It begins with the moment of full opening and ends with the birth of a child. How many hours the second stage of labor will last depends on the fitness of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and the strength of uterine contractions. In primiparas, the duration of the second stage of labor, on average, is 40-60 minutes, and in multiparous 15-30 minutes.
Third stage of labor (afterbirth). Accompanied by separation and excretion of the placenta. In a normal course, its duration is up to 30 minutes in both primiparous and multiparous. If the afterbirth is not separated, or after its isolation, a placental defect is diagnosed, then they resort to manual isolation of the afterbirth and its parts. This greatly lengthens the third stage of labor.

Prolonged labor - causes, diagnosis, consequences and treatment

If the process of childbirth lasts more than 18 hours, then they speak of prolonged labor or weak labor activity. The reason for this phenomenon may be an insufficient level of oxytocin in the blood of the woman in labor, weak muscles of the uterus and anterior abdominal wall. The consequence of weak labor activity may be the exhaustion of the woman's strength, the deterioration of blood circulation in the placenta and fetal hypoxia. For the treatment of weakness, the drug oxytocin is used, which is injected into a vial of saline and injected into a vein by drip. With intravenous administration of oxytocin, there is an increase in the pain of contractions, and the woman may need pain relief. If there is no effect from the ongoing stimulating therapy, a caesarean section is performed.

Rapid childbirth - their cause, possible complications

Births are considered rapid if their duration is less than 6 hours in primiparas and less than 4 hours in multiparous. The reason for this current childbirth can be an increased level of hormones that contribute to the acceleration of labor. The consequences can be injuries to the child (skull, cervical spine, limbs), and for the mother - soft tissue ruptures.

Thus, we examined how long the birth itself lasts and what their duration depends on. In order for the childbirth to proceed smoothly and successfully, a woman can attend classes at the antenatal clinic, where she will be told how to behave in childbirth. Also, a positive attitude and support from relatives are important, one of which may be present in the delivery room.