Subcutaneous and intravenous drips in the treatment of renal failure in dogs.

Unfortunately, cats, just like people, are susceptible to various diseases. And their owners often have to deal with the fact that the animal needs intravenous infusion of medications. In this article you will learn how to put an IV on a cat at home.

This procedure is not as simple as an injection in the withers, but if you correctly follow the algorithm of actions given below and do not worry, then everything will go smoothly and the IV will be placed correctly. The recommendations given in this article are also relevant when giving intravenous injections to dogs.

Types of needles for droppers and system kit

The main component of the dropper is the needle. The whole system joins it. Needles can be divided into three main types, which differ in appearance and functionality.:

The classic needle is familiar to everyone. This type of needle is not suitable for cats because... is too large and difficult to fix on the foot.
“Butterflies” are very similar to classic needles, but they are shorter and smaller in diameter, which in turn is more preferable for a cat. There are plastic branches along the edges of the needle, which are used to securely fix the needle. They are used if the IV needs to be placed once.
Brownuls are peripheral catheters. They consist entirely of plastic and are extremely minimally invasive due to the fact that the catheter can remain in the vein for a long time if the drugs need to be administered more than once.

The system consists of the following components:

Intake chamber. It is a kind of filter that separates air from the drug. It also plays the role of an indicator of the rate of drug administration.
dispenser. It can be used to regulate the rate of drug infusion.
A transparent rubber tube through which liquid flows.
Additional needle, which must be inserted into the medicine bottle next to the first needle. This is necessary so that air enters the container and thereby allows the liquid to flow out through the tube.

To properly place an IV in your cat at home, you need to follow a few simple rules. It is necessary to ensure the sterility of the needle, hands and area in which the intravenous injection will be made.

The system and bottle with the drug must be securely fixed at a sufficient height above the level in relation to the cat. It is advisable that two people do the drip, as it is necessary to hold and calm the animal. The drug should be at room temperature. Avoid keeping the system unopened for long periods of time to maintain its sterility.

Algorithm for placing an IV

The sequence of actions when placing an IV in a cat at home is as follows:

It often happens that the bottle with the drug does not have milliliter divisions, which are convenient for guiding the dosage of the drug administered to the animal. This is due to the fact that, as a rule, the bottle has dosage divisions for humans, which in turn are significantly larger than those needed by a cat. To accurately calculate the amount of drug that needs to be administered to the animal, you can use a ruler: measure a distance on the bottle that will be equal to the required dose, and make a mark with a marker in the right place;
insert the intake needle into the bottle with the drug, and an additional needle for air nearby. Wait until the intake chamber and the entire system are completely filled with the drug. Make sure that there are no air bubbles in the system with the medicine!
hold down the dispenser to completely stop the flow of medicine;
securely fix the bottle and system above the place where the cat will lie;
prepare the place where you will place the cat. Lay out an absorbent diaper or prepare a tray, because it often happens that the animal needs to be administered a large volume of various drugs at a time, and the cat will want to go to the toilet;
Place your cat comfortably. Try to fix it. It is best to have someone whom the cat is not afraid of hold and calm the animal (for example, the owner);
The injection should be made on the front leg, in the area between the elbow joint and the wrist. The injection site must be carefully trimmed of hair so that the vein can be clearly seen, and treated with alcohol;
You need to tighten a tourniquet over the puncture site, or use a bandage or a special clamp;
To fill the vein with blood, you can bend and straighten the cat’s paw several times at the elbow. The needle must be inserted along the limb, gradually and carefully. At this moment, it is important to hold the pet, because if the skin is punctured, the cat will instinctively try to escape. If the injection was performed successfully, a small amount of blood will appear in the tube;
After this, you need to secure the needle with an adhesive plaster or bandage and adjust the rate of infusion of the drug as necessary.

The cat definitely won't like the drip. This is a lot of stress for your pet. During the infusion of the drug, try to calm the cat in every possible way. Stroke her, talk to her. Try to distract her as much as possible from this unpleasant “execution.” Remember - during IV drips, the owner's support is extremely important for the cat!

It is worth considering that placing an IV and injecting a cat into a vein at home may be an impossible task for a person encountering this for the first time. It is best to contact a veterinary clinic. The specialist will certainly do everything as needed, thereby saving both you and your pet from unnecessary stress.

If there is a need to repeatedly place a drip, specialists install intravenous catheters. This avoids additional injections, simplifies the process of infusion of the drug, and also protects your pet from unnecessary stress. In addition, with a catheter installed, it is much easier to install an IV.

Unfortunately, the drip through an intravenous catheter has one drawback. It often happens that the blood in the catheter dries up. In such cases, you should first try to clean the catheter with a heparin solution. If this cannot be done, the clogged catheter will have to be replaced in the clinic.

Conclusion

As you can see, setting up an IV for a cat at home is far from the easiest task.. The optimal solution would be to first install a catheter in a veterinary clinic, and then give the cat IVs at home. This will protect the animal from unnecessary injury. In addition, cats feel much calmer at home, which in turn avoids additional stress.

The main thing when placing an IV is to remain calm and do everything as carefully and accurately as possible. After the IV is administered, the cat may feel unwell, refuse to eat, or vomit. Such manifestations are normal. However, if after a dropper the animal refuses water, it has signs of allergic reactions, fever, or bile is present in the vomit, you should immediately contact a specialist.

Unfortunately, too many owners live with remorse that they “didn’t have time.” Indeed, most tragic stories of pet loss are based on the absence or untimely professional assistance to a pet in an emergency situation. “Statistical average9raquo; the owner, seeing that his pet is “fading away,” is capable of much, but when it comes to an intravenous injection or drip, he falls into a stupor, especially when it comes to the administration of Calcium Chloride. The topic is painfully relevant, so let’s look at the procedure and step-by-step instructions on how to install an IV for a cat.

Warning! No text or video can compare with practice! If an IV is the last chance, and there are no alternatives, act! However, every prudent owner needs to contact a veterinarian in advance, who will clearly show all the nuances of the process in a clinic setting.

Types and structure of droppers

The main instrument of the IV is a needle, which is inserted into the vein, and the entire system is connected to it. The pharmacy will provide you with:

Butterfly needles are essentially the same needle, but with a smaller diameter. Designed for injection into small veins, which is important for the treatment of cats. At the base of the needle there is a “butterfly” made of flexible plastic - allows you to securely fix the system, “wings9raquo; folded to the paw and wrapped with adhesive tape.

Intravenous peripheral catheters (brownulls) are a mini-system made of plastic. A flexible, thin latex tube is inserted into the vein, and the catheter itself is fixed on the skin - a device into which a needle attached to a syringe with medicine is inserted. Of course, administering medications through a catheter is easier and more convenient, however, the system can only be installed by a doctor.

Note! With proper care, the catheter can remain in the vein for up to 6 days, infusion with a simple needle is performed only once!

Before placing an IV on a cat at home, you need to take into account that the container with the medicine should be located 40-50 cm above the animal, think in advance where to attach the bottle. From what you have at hand, a cellophane T-shirt bag is suitable, make a hole in the bottom, thread the neck of the bottle, tie the handles above the bottom, and hang it by the resulting loops. The structure of all systems is similar; the infusion set contains:

Collection needle or bag- the needle is inserted into the bottle with the medicine, the bag is filled with liquid for infusion.

Intake chamber- equipped with a filter, designed to separate oxygen from liquid.

dispenser- equipped with a plastic slider wheel that regulates the speed of liquid falling. Before infusion, you need to know exactly how to administer the drug - drip or jet.

Cannula- most often, it is located on a rubber bag in front of the needle, which is inserted into the skin. If necessary, additional drugs are injected into it using a regular syringe.

Note! In addition to the sampling needle, you need to insert another needle into the bottle (included in the kit) for “suction”. air, otherwise the liquid will not fall into the tube. In droppers with bags, a hole for air intake is most often provided.

Putting an IV on a cat

Let's make a reservation right away, in the process of emergency assistance, an intravenous injection may be needed, but believe me, making an injection is easier than putting a dropper on a cat at home - we are considering the most difficult option:

We remember about sterility, we use alcohol.

We fix the bottle in any convenient way. We print the system, insert the sampling needle into the rubber stopper of the vial. We introduce a second needle into the cork, for air flow. The temperature of the drug should not be low, at least room temperature.

We move the dispenser to a place convenient for you and pinch the conductor with a wheel-regulator. If you skip this step, air will enter the tube!

We squeeze the plastic container (intake chamber) several times, the medicine will be filled into it.

We slightly open the system (we lower the wheel) until the drug begins to drip from the cannula or needle and again squeeze the tube with a dispenser.

We put the cat in a comfortable position, if necessary, shave the hair on the front paw - the area between the elbow and the wrist. The needle can also be inserted into the vein of the hind leg, it all depends on the convenience and obedience of the animal.

We drag the paw with a tourniquet closer to the elbow. If necessary, squeeze - unclench fingers, bend - unbend the wrist - you should see how the veins become bulging and clearly visible under the skin.

We treat the skin with alcohol and the most interesting thing is to carefully, progressively, slowly, insert the infusion needle parallel to the paw. Be careful and calculate your strength, it is more difficult to pierce a vein than a muscle, especially if the animal is dehydrated (the skin is more elastic).

We fix the needle with adhesive tape in several places. We hold, calm, and entertain the pet until the end of the procedure. Remember that a dropper for cats is a lot of stress and discomfort, do not leave your pet alone, monitor your pet's breathing and general well-being.

Note! Constantly check the area of skin where the needle is inserted. If you notice a slight mild swelling - the medicine goes under the skin and the needle needs to be reinstalled. Even a calmly lying cat, with intentional contractions of the muscles of the paw, is able to “remove the vein” from the needle.

If you need to put a dropper at the withers, for example, you need a subcutaneous injection of saline for dehydration or Ringer's solution for detoxification - the scheme is the same, but strictly ensure that the needle is inserted parallel to the cat's spine!

Unforeseen circumstances or what to do if something goes wrong

The most common reason for panic is that a cat is lethargic, sleepy, and boring after a dropper. Ideally, this shouldn't happen, but don't panic - this is normal. If you've never had an IV, it's hard to understand, but during the infusion and a few hours after, the animal experiences internal pressure, similar to languor after a long, hot, hard day, and drowsiness in this state is predictable. Lack of appetite cannot be called normal, the main thing is that the cat drinks (milk, broth, water with glucose).

The cat vomits during or after an IV. Depending on what you vomit, if it’s food you recently ate, don’t panic. Bile, green mucus or foam - observed with liver dysfunction and kidney failure - see a doctor!

The cat's face is swollen after an IV - bad! The first sign of an allergic reaction, as a result of intolerance to the active ingredients of the drug. We run to the nearest pharmacy and buy an antihistamine - Kolem. If there is no time for a consultation or breathing difficulties are noticeable (Quincke's edema), we introduce Prednisolone, at the rate of 15 mg per 4-5 kg of an adult animal's weight. Be sure to take the cat to the doctor, there may be several causes of allergies, including liver or kidney failure, the animal needs to select a new course of treatment and detoxify the blood.

Important! With improper administration of Calcium Chloride, necrosis will begin on the affected soft tissues, the condition is acute, but it is stopped with timely assistance.

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How to give a cat a subcutaneous injection yourself?

Very often, veterinarians prescribe injections for cats. If this is a one-time procedure and you have absolutely no experience with such manipulations, it is better to leave the administration of the medicine to a specialist - a veterinarian. But animals, unfortunately, just like people, get sick quite often, so a single injection of a medicinal substance most often does not solve the problem; doctors prescribe a course of injections.

The owner of an animal always has a choice - either daily (sometimes even several times a day) take his pet to the veterinary clinic for injections, or leave him in the clinic for inpatient treatment (the animal is kept in a box or cage around the clock and injections are given according to a schedule the doctors themselves, and the owners take home a healthy animal after the end of treatment), or learn how to give injections to the cat yourself. The latter method, of course, is the most preferable for both the animal and the owner, since each visit to the clinic (and even more so the inpatient care of the animal) has to be paid, and in addition, the cat receives additional stress.

Injections can be intravenous, subcutaneous, intradermal and intramuscular. We won’t even dwell on intravenous ones; it’s practically impossible for non-specialists to give a cat an IV or an injection into a vein at home. Such attempts will not lead to anything good, so it is better to leave intravenous injections to professionals.

But every animal owner can master the technique of administering subcutaneous and intramuscular injections.

1. It is advisable not to self-medicate and not give injections to the animal, because “a neighbor treated his cat this way.” After making a diagnosis in a veterinary clinic, the doctor must describe in detail the treatment regimen (what medications, dosage, at what time, how many times a day, where to give the injections). Some medications can be injected into both the muscle and the withers, others - only in a certain place, so before injecting an animal yourself, it is better to once again clarify the injection site and read the annotation for the drug.

2.If the doctor has prescribed injections for several days in a row, it is advisable to do them at the same time.

3. If the animal is not in a very serious condition and reacts to food, you can give it something very tasty and favorite before the injection in order to form a positive conditioned reflex to the injection.

4. In order to give an injection, you need to choose the most convenient “working surface” for you and the animal. It is more convenient for some to inject by lifting the cat onto a table, for others - on the floor. Most often, both cats and dogs placed on the table become more subdued (some, on the contrary, begin to become hysterical), so choosing how best to give the injection must be done individually in each case.

6.The more confident and calm the owner is, the calmer the animal tolerates all manipulations. Therefore, you should not fuss or panic.

5. It is much more convenient to give the injection together - one person holds the animal, and the second gives the injection. But even one person is quite capable of giving an injection, the main thing is to do everything quickly and confidently, then the cat does not have time to start getting nervous and struggling.

7. Draw the medicine into the syringes immediately before the injection; until the needle is inserted, cover it with a protective cap to prevent germs from getting on the end of the needle. Check the accuracy of the drug dosage. Having drawn the medicine into the syringe, it is necessary to release the air until droplets of liquid appear from the needle.

8. It is not necessary to disinfect the needle injection site, but be sure to use only sterile disposable syringes.

How to give a cat a subcutaneous injection

Subcutaneous fat has a loose structure and great absorption capacity, so large volumes of liquid can be injected into the withers and back area (oil solutions, due to their slow absorption, are administered heated and in very limited quantities). The subcutaneous fat layer has a good blood supply, so medications administered subcutaneously are quickly absorbed (much faster than when administered orally, but slower than when administered intramuscularly) and begin to act.

Cats, when a subcutaneous injection in the withers area is carried out correctly, feel practically no pain, but still, at the moment of the injection you must always be prepared for the fact that the animal may twitch, so it is necessary to fix the syringe at the site where the needle was inserted.

In some cases, it is more convenient for owners to give injections if they first distract the cat by placing a plate of tasty food in front of it. But you can simply put the animal in front of you, stroking the back and talking affectionately, with one hand collect a fold of skin at the withers or between the shoulder blades, and with the other, insert a needle (the syringe must be prepared, the air must be released) into it, parallel to the spine. The main thing is to make sure that the needle does not pierce through the skin fold, but is located under the skin. By quickly and confidently pressing the syringe plunger, inject the medicine into the subcutaneous space. Then, holding the skin, remove the needle and praise the cat.

It is more convenient to give hypodermic injections to cats and small dogs with insulin syringes with thin and short needles.

For large and obese cats, dogs with large or extremely mobile skin (shar-pei, mastiffs, Bordeaux and others), it is better to give subcutaneous injections with syringes with longer needles.

We thank the veterinarian Marukhin Yan for assistance in preparing the article.

Registered: 2012-01-19
Reviews: 107
Posts: 202
Articles: 757

Messages

Thank you, good article. In general, I found a lot of useful material about caring for animals on this portal. I wish you success!

I actually give injections to my cat myself, but when he got sick, I took him to the veterinary clinic and there they examined him and immediately gave him injections. So there the doctor demonstratively treated the skin with cotton wool before the injection. I asked why this was so, he replied that it was supposed to be so. When I told him that I was injecting the cat all the time and did not apply anything, he admitted that he also does not treat his animals at home with anything before the injection; the skin of cats itself has bactericidal properties. But in the clinic he must do this in front of the owners, there are different clients, some require that injections be given to cats while wearing disposable gloves, not to mention lubricating the skin before the injection.

That's for sure. Clients are different. Well, did my aunt cause a scandal because the doctors refused to examine her prostate gland? In response to all their arguments that she did not have one, she wrote a devastating complaint that the doctors had established that she did not have a prostate gland, not without conducting any research. But her husband, for some reason, was examined. This is discrimination. and period!

Same with cats and injections.

You made fun of the prostate gland.

Yes, cats really don’t feel injections at the withers at all.

By the way, subcutaneous injections can also replace some intravenous infusions. Not all of them, of course, there are drugs that behave normally in the vein, but when they get under the skin they cause necrosis. But if, for example, they prescribe a saline solution or something similar, you can inject it under the skin instead of droppers at home; large volumes of liquid can be injected into the subcutaneous tissue.

I also gave my cat injections in the withers myself. At the veterinary clinic they showed me how, asked if I could, gave me syringes with medicine, and I calmly injected for 5 days. My cat sometimes didn’t even understand that he was injected with something, but he calmly endured it.

I do mine myself too. But one cat developed necrosis at the injection site. The doctor gave us medicine for several days to administer, already filled into syringes. There are suspicions that this is due to this. They gave two such injections, then they doubted the freshness of the product (although the doctor said that everything was OK, nothing would happen to the drug) and they bought a sterile drug from a veterinary pharmacy. It is now difficult to say after which of the injections necrosis occurred. If everything was done correctly, there shouldn’t be necrosis, so it’s from a bad drug?

One day, we came to realize how much time people spend searching for answers to their questions. They use a bunch of search engines, entering queries into the search strings. And after that, they open numerous pages of various sites, with countless articles. This way, they can either quickly find the information they need or wander aimlessly for several hours in search of the right answer. And then an idea came to us!

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> Sodium chloride / Saline solution (isotonic solution 0.9%)

The information posted on this page is for informational purposes only and cannot be used for self-medication!
Before using medications, consultation with a specialist is MANDATORY!

Short description: sodium chloride is an essential component of blood plasma and tissue fluid. It maintains a constant osmotic pressure of the internal environment of the animal organism. With a slight lack of this component, the blood thickens, and with a significant deficiency, a spasm of smooth muscles develops, the function of the circulatory and nervous systems is disrupted. A 0.9% solution of Sodium chloride is called isotonic or physiological, since it is in this concentration that it is necessary to maintain the acid-base balance of the body. Sodium chloride also has detoxifying properties without irritating animal tissue. This drug thins the mucus in the lungs and facilitates the process of removing the latter. Sodium chloride solution increases the volume of fluid circulating in the vessels. But the introduction of this medicine has only a temporary effect, so in case of shock and large blood loss, its use does not have a significant effect. In such cases, veterinarians additionally prescribe the animals the administration of various plasma-substituting solutions (enterodes, hemodez, polyglucin, etc.).

The use of sodium chloride is indicated for animals in various postoperative conditions, toxic dyspepsia, certain types of dehydration (resulting from burns, vomiting, diarrhea and other pathological conditions), bleeding, and intoxication. This drug is also used in the complex treatment of metritis, vaginitis, and stomatitis. It is used to dissolve certain medications.

For whom: applies to any mammals.

Leave form: the medicine comes in the form of a sterile, clear, salty-tasting liquid intended for injection into a vein or under the skin. It is packaged in 500, 400, 250, 200 or 100 ml in glass bottles.

Dosage: Most often, this solution is administered to animals intravenously. The veterinarian selects the dosage depending on the body weight and condition of the animal. Cows are usually administered 2000-5000 ml of solution, horses - 1000-2500 ml, pigs - 100-200 ml, and small cattle - 100-300 ml.

Restrictions: administration of a large amount of solution can cause complications such as overhydration, acidosis and a decrease in potassium concentration in the blood. This medication is contraindicated in animals with elevated blood sodium levels or pulmonary or cerebral edema. This drug does not affect the quality of livestock products.

Reviews about “Sodium chloride / Saline solution (isotonic solution 0.9%) for dogs and cats”:

My dog has something leaking from his ear. When you touch his ear, he whines. Is it possible to treat a dog’s ear with sodium chloride??????Help me.

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Why? You need anti-inflammatory drops... and a doctor's examination.

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Is it possible to give sodium chloride to puppies?

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Can a cat drink sodium chloride?

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We are now saving our dog. For no apparent reason, the dog’s muzzle became swollen, it got to the point that the dog began to choke, she called the vet and was told to urgently administer Troxevasin (intramuscular). Put. The tumor subsided within 3 hours. But in the morning a new misfortune awaited us: the dog completely refused water and food, began vomiting (white foam with yellow mucus) and lethargy, and it was decided to give him moonshine to drink. The dog felt better and started drinking water. The next day everything happened again, refusal of food and water, vomiting. They called the vet to the house. Looked around. He said that he had been bitten by a tick, and that all the symptoms were visible on his face. He gave 4 injections and a sodium chloride drip (250 ml per 20 kg), the dog’s condition did not improve, after 24 hours they put the drip in place, the dog’s condition did not change, she was completely in apathy, she was lying there and wouldn’t let anyone in, neither eating, nor drinking, nor to which it does not respond. But after this drip, yellowish discharge appeared from the nose and salivation increased. I do not know what to do. How to save a dog? All the city's vets are shouting - a tick has bitten, it's the season of activity and everything like that. Has anyone encountered this problem?

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Hello! And the seals prescribed us to inject saline solution under the withers.

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We lost a dog, severe diarrhea (2 days) and once vomiting and lived for 5 days after that, and none of the vets, sales friends, (they said we needed an ultrasound and tests, but no basic things) suggested this simple ambulance
(now, of course, having read and learned so much and we can give the injections ourselves) I called the house to come, no one could urgently do it in 2 days - everyone is busy and has their own problems (that’s how it happened)
One said harshly - this is fate.
Of course, we were confused on the first day, the dog had not been sick for 12 years, everyone had vaccinations, looked after everything... active and cheerful.
When there was a shock, I trusted the doctors to give me advice on the case, and it was so elementary.
Sadness.
Hello everyone!

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Cat. He hasn’t been drinking or eating anything for a week. Is it possible to inject sodium chloride into his withers? With vitamin B 12

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Hello dear company. The design of the bottle of isotonic sodium chloride solution and many other solutions for infusions has changed. Yes easy! There is no chance of breaking if used carelessly. BUT!!! What is included in the cork that replaces the former rubber ones? When pierced with a needle to inject the solution, the needle instantly becomes clogged. There is no option left to introduce the drug into the solution. And solutions are intended mainly for diluting any drugs. But this is almost impossible since the appearance of the new unbreakable bottle. Maybe there is some other option for introducing the drug into the bottle other than through the holes in the cap????

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We used sodium chloride, also known as saline solution, for veterinary purposes almost every time our dog was seriously ill. The drug was mainly used to dissolve various medicinal substances, which were then administered in the form of injections or droppers.
Also, a drip with saline solution was placed on our pet after a surgical sterilization operation due to pyometra, after severe bleeding. The animal replenished its strength and restored blood loss. The drips were prescribed for three days, after each procedure the dog “came to life”, began to eat and even tried to play.
It also happened that we purchased sodium chloride when our animal was poisoned, to eliminate the consequences of intoxication of the body. As is known, harmful substances and toxins from the intestines enter first of all into the blood, therefore, after the introduction of a dropper with saline solution, a state of relief occurred immediately. Along with it, a glucose solution was also prescribed to restore salt balance.

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Isotonic sodium chloride solution is the safest remedy that can be invented in veterinary medicine. This is ordinary salt, which is diluted in water, in a concentration that maintains the acid-base balance in the body.
Various situations happened in life, they were given antibiotics, they were simply given something to drink instead of ordinary water, because it still contains salt. It can be administered intravenously, but, thank God, it was not possible. As for an overdose on this drug, it cannot happen. Although the dose is calculated, this is more related to ensuring that there is no load on the animal’s kidneys.

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Sodium chloride is the simplest table salt. Personally, we wash any wounds with this solution, it speeds up healing, and disinfects it before applying any ointments. It is also good to clean ears and noses, a very good antimicrobial agent. This solution delivers nutrients to the body’s cells and removes unnecessary waste products, therefore it is vital for the body in case of poisoning and intoxication. It is widely used in medicine in the treatment of people, and can also be used for absolutely all types of animals, in the form of droppers and injections. Very often used in combination with glucose. It is very cheap, sold in any pharmacy, both veterinary and ordinary, the product is simply irreplaceable and necessary in any first aid kit. Sometimes sodium chloride is sold in powder form, used as a drug that improves the digestion of animals, or as a feed additive for cows, as well as an anti-inflammatory agent for catarrh of the intestines and stomach.

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This drug was used when we saved our dog from poisoning. Someone wanted to get rid of our faithful guard, and apparently they slipped in something poisonous. The dog lay there, his eyes were glassy, he started vomiting, he urgently ran to his sister, since she is a veterinarian, she helped administer this remedy. The veterinarian must calculate the dose and duration of treatment, then the medicine will not cause side effects and there will be no complications. Sodium chloride is used for intoxication and large losses of fluid in the body; it can be used to dilute some drugs for injection. In just two days we got our dog back on his feet. The first day we didn’t sleep at all, we washed our stomachs, gave us injections, and fought as best we could. And on the second day they realized that the dog was saved, then they relaxed, but they continued treatment with sodium chloride, since harmful substances had to be removed from the body for more than one more day. Now we remember this incident as a nightmare, our dog recovered and feels great.

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Information for doctors.

Kidney failure is accompanied by:

disturbance of water balance - most often general fluid retention; at the same time there may be cellular dehydration and intravascular hypervolemia.

accumulation of toxic metabolic products.

anorexia, starvation, hypercatabolism.

Droppers for renal failure solve the following problems:

Nutrition. To satisfy the body's need for nutrients and stop hypercatabolism - self-digestion, you need a large amount of proteins and carbohydrates, and better yet, fats too. All these substrates irritate the vessels - and they cannot be greatly diluted due to fluid retention during PN, so they can be administered into large veins - the jugular and femoral. Doses 10 ml/kg/day 40% glucose, 10 - 30 ml/kg/day 10% amino acids or albumin.

Introduction of medicinal drugs. This mainly applies to substances that can only be used intravenously. They need to be done in a small volume of liquid or in a slow stream or fractionally throughout the day or with an infusion pump.

Maintaining balances - acid-base, water, mineral

Replenish fluid loss and, or water load to increase water exchange and increase urine production.

How to make IVs for PN

In order not to cause deterioration of the condition, intravenous drips should be done as slowly as possible and under the control of diuresis. The amount of urine should correspond to the volume of the droppers.

The ideal for controlling hyper-hypovolemia is to measure CVP (central venous pressure) and if parenteral nutrition is administered through the jugular vein, then CVP is of course measured several times a day. With PN, you should strive for a level of +1 +5 cm of water column.

In all cases where it is not possible to measure central venous pressure, it is better to use subcutaneous droppers. (drugs that can only be administered intravenously are made in a minimal volume of liquid).

What are the benefits of subcutaneous drips for PN?

The rate of absorption of fluid from subcutaneous tissue immediately shows how the body copes with the water load. The daily volume of liquid is divided into 2 - 5 portions and each subsequent portion is dripped subcutaneously, only after the previous one has been completely absorbed.

It must be taken into account that the liquid can flow under the skin into the chest area - in this case, you need to wait until all the liquid is absorbed by the body.

Typically start with 2% of body weight per day, and then decrease or increase the volume of fluid.

Typically a mixture of 500 ml of ringer plus 50 ml of 40% glucose is used. If potassium is elevated, then instead of ringer you need saline. solution.

How long to do subcutaneous drips for PN

As chronic renal failure progresses, continuous daily subcutaneous infusions are possible. When the condition stabilizes, the droppers are reduced in volume, then given every other day. Further, while maintaining stable tests, you can stop subcutaneous droppers.