Pharmachologic effect:
It has antihistamine, antiallergic, antiemetic, hypnotic, and local anesthetic effects. Blocks histamine H1 receptors and eliminates the effects of histamine mediated through this type of receptor. Reduces or prevents histamine-induced smooth muscle spasms, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia. Antagonism with histamine manifests itself to a greater extent in relation to local vascular reactions during inflammation and allergies compared to systemic ones, i.e. decrease in blood pressure. Causes local anesthesia (when taken orally, a short-term sensation of numbness of the oral mucosa occurs), has an antispasmodic effect, blocks cholinergic receptors of the autonomic ganglia (lowers blood pressure). Blocks H3 - histamine receptors in the brain and inhibits central cholinergic structures. It has a sedative, hypnotic and antiemetic effect. It is more effective for bronchospasm caused by histamine liberators (tubocurarine, morphine, sombrevin), and to a lesser extent for allergic bronchospasm. For bronchial asthma it is inactive and is used in combination with theophylline, ephedrine and other bronchodilators.

Pharmacokinetics:
When taken orally, it is quickly and well absorbed. Binds to plasma proteins by 98-99%. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma is achieved 1-4 hours after oral administration. Most of the taken diphenhydramine is metabolized in the liver. The half-life (T1/2) is 1-4 hours. It is widely distributed in the body, passes through the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. Excreted in milk and may cause sedation in infants. Within 24 hours, it is completely eliminated from the body, mainly in the form of benzhydrol conjugated with glucuronic acid, and only in a small amount - unchanged. The maximum effect develops after 1 hour after oral administration, the duration of action is from 4 to 6 hours.

Diphenhydramine: route of administration and dosage:
Inside. Adults, 30-50 mg 1-3 times every day. The course of treatment is 10-15 days. Higher doses for adults: single - 100 mg, daily - 250 mg. For insomnia - 50 mg 20-30 minutes before bedtime. For the treatment of idiopathic and postencephalitic parkinsonism - initially, 25 mg 3 times every day, followed by a gradual increase in dose, if necessary, to 50 mg 4 times a day. For motion sickness - 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours if necessary. Children 2-6 years old - 12.5-25 mg, 6-12 years old - 25-50 mg every 6-8 hours (no more than 75 mg/day for children 2-6 years old and no more than 150 mg/day for children 6 -12 years old). IM, 50-250 mg; the highest single dose is 50 mg, the daily dose is 150 mg. IV drip - 20-50 mg (in 75-100 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution). Rectally. Suppositories are administered 1-2 times a day after a cleansing enema or spontaneous bowel movement. Children under 3 years old - 5 mg, 3-4 years old - 10 mg; 5-7 years - 15 mg, 8-14 years - 20 mg. In ophthalmology: instill 1-2 drops of a 0.2-0.5% solution into the conjunctival sac 2-3-5 times a day. Intranasally. For allergic vasomotor, acute rhinitis, rhinosinusopathy, it is prescribed in the form of sticks containing 0.05 g of diphenhydramine.

Diphenhydramine gel is used externally. Apply a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin several times every day.

Diphenhydramine contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, breastfeeding, childhood (newborn period and prematurity), angle-closure glaucoma, prostate hypertrophy, stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcers, pyloroduodenal obstruction, bladder neck stenosis, pregnancy, bronchial asthma.

Use with other medications:
Sleeping pills, sedatives, tranquilizers and alcohol enhance (mutually) the depression of the central nervous system. MAO inhibitors enhance and prolong anticholinergic effects.

Overdose:
Symptoms: dry mouth, difficulty breathing, persistent mydriasis, facial flushing, depression or agitation (more often in children) central nervous system, confusion; in children - the development of seizures and death.
Treatment: induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal; symptomatic and supportive therapy against the background of careful monitoring of breathing and blood pressure levels.

Special instructions:
Use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, increased intraocular pressure, diseases of the cardiovascular system, and in old age. Should not be used by vehicle drivers and people whose profession requires increased concentration of attention while working. During the treatment period, you should avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.

Diphenhydramine side effects:
From the nervous system and sensory organs: general weakness, fatigue, sedation, decreased attention, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, impaired coordination of movements, anxiety, high excitability (especially in children), irritability, nervousness, insomnia, euphoria, confusion. , tremor, neuritis, convulsions, paresthesia; visual impairment, diplopia, acute labyrinthitis, tinnitus. In patients with local brain damage or epilepsy, it activates (even in low doses) convulsive discharges on the EEG and can provoke an epileptic attack.

From the cardiovascular system and blood: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystole, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.

From the gastrointestinal tract: dry mouth, short-term numbness of the oral mucosa, anorexia, nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.

From the genitourinary system: frequent and/or difficulty urinating, urinary retention, early menstruation.

From the respiratory system: dry nose and throat, nasal congestion, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in the chest and difficulty breathing.

Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock.

Other: sweating, chills, photosensitivity.

Release form:
There are such forms of release of Diphenhydramine:
Powder; tablets 0.02; 0.03 and 0.05 g; suppositories with diphenhydramine 0.005; 0.001; 0.015 and 0.02 g; sticks with diphenhydramine 0.05 g; 1% solution in ampoules and syringe tubes. Suppositories with diphenhydramine are intended for use in pediatric practice. Gel for external use, pencils.

Synonyms:
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Diphenhydramine, Allergan B, Benadryl, Benzhydramine, Alledryl, Allergival, Amidryl, Diabenil, Dimedryl, Dimidryl, Restamine.

Storage conditions:
List B. In a well-closed container, protected from light and moisture; tablets and ampoules - in a place protected from light; candles - in a dry, cool place, protected from light.

Diphenhydramine composition:
White fine-crystalline powder with a bitter taste; causes numbness of the tongue. Hygroscopic. Easily soluble in water, very easily in alcohol. Aqueous solutions (pH of 1% solution 5.0 - 6.5) are sterilized at +100 °C for 30 minutes.

Attention!
Before using the medication "Diphenhydramine" You should consult your doctor.
The instructions are provided for informational purposes only. Diphenhydramine».

The use of any drugs for diseases, especially diphenhydramine, is possible only exactly according to the instructions, otherwise you can get poisoned by the drug, which can lead to severe consequences for the human body. How to prevent this is explained in this article.

Diphenhydramine packaging

Description of the drug

Diphenhydramine contains diphenhydramine. One injection ampoule contains 1 milliliter of solution with 0.01 grams of the component. One tablet for adults contains 30 mg, 50 mg or 100 mg of diphenhydramine. One tablet for children is 20 mg of diphenhydramine. Diphenhydramine has the following form of release: powder, pills of 0.03, 0.02, and 0.05 g, suppositories of 0.001, 0.005, 0.02 and 0.015 g, sticks of 0.05 g, one percent solution in ampoules . Candles are provided for children. Gel for external implementation, pencils.

Snow-white fine-crystalline powder with a bitter taste. It dissolves very easily in water, easily in alcohol and chloroform, and is not at all sufficiently soluble in ether. Solutions at +100 C are sterilized in 30 minutes. Diphenhydramine formula: C17H22ClNO.

If you are allergic to a drug, its quantity does not matter. An allergy appears when taking the drug for the second time, usually 6-10 days after the main contact with the allergen. Allergy to diphenhydramine is often considered a disease of professionals; it often occurs among doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. It also affects people with chronic diseases who take a lot of medications, usually after 35.

Reactions to allergies usually have a local manifestation (at the site of entry of the product the injection space turns red, swells and itches, a rash occurs, there may be tissue necrosis), but general damage to the body is also possible (fever, signs of intoxication appear - impotence, swollen lymph nodes, pain in the joints).

Information on the packaging of diphenhydramine

How does diphenhydramine work?

Diphenhydramine is rapidly absorbed into the mucous membranes of the intestinal tract. If the dose is exceeded, poisoning with the substance may begin. The product achieves its greatest impact within 1 hour, duration of action is 1-6 hours. A large concentration of working drugs in the blood is available after 20-40 minutes.

The substance accumulates in internal organs and in the brain. It is removed within 6 hours, if completely, then within 10 hours. Ladies on maternity leave can take the product only if the result is positive. It negatively affects the baby when excreted through milk. Diphenhydramine should be used carefully during pregnancy, exactly according to the instructions.

The working drug of diphenhydramine is diphenhydramine. The drug specifically acts on the suppression of histamine receptors, relieves spasms of smooth muscles. The substance is used in actions that relieve vomiting. The remedy is also used in the treatment of asthma, healing skin diseases and allergies of various origins, healing stomach diseases, for widespread injuries, frostbite, and burns. The time of greatest concentration of the drug is 1-4 hours after administration.

Information about the drug diphenhydramine

Diphenhydramine as a drug

Diphenhydramine is not considered a narcotic product in any way and is sold in pharmacies without a prescription, but is sometimes specifically used as a drug. Using the product in combination with strong drinks can lead to uncontrollable aggression, depression, and attacks of anger. It is impossible to stop selling the drug, because the drug is on the list of vital and important substances.

Diphenhydramine and alcohol

Those who are accustomed to the drug and mix it with strong drinks feel a more powerful effect than from alcohol. Nowadays there is a typical term “diphenhydramine drunkenness”. Diphenhydramine and alcohol are a powerful blow to the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. The substance is rapidly absorbed and acts quite quickly. A small dose of 2 pills of the substance in strong drinks leads to drug intoxication.

This has an exciting effect on people, their gesticulation increases, excessive talkativeness, restlessness, then a narcotic sleep sets in. It ends with the destruction of internal organs and severe alcoholism.

Diphenhydramine is a hallucinogenic drug

Can children take diphenhydramine?

1. For severe forms of the disease, children from 2 to 6 years old are recommended to take diphenhydramine from 12.5 to 25 mg, from 6 to 12 years old - 50 mg. The substance is consumed orally every 8 hours.
2. The highest daily dose for injections is 75 mg, for 12 years old the daily dose is 150 mg. It is given by injection at 15 mg to children under 6 years of age, and 50 mg to children under 12 years of age.
3. Children are often recommended to use the product rectally. Twice a day suppositories for children from 3 years old - 5 mg, for 4 years old the norm is no more than 10 mg, the most adult age categories: 5-7 years old 15 mg, 14 years old - 20 mg.
4. The use of all types of medication must be tested without children; unsupervised use leads to an overdose of the drug, which can result in death.

Can you die from diphenhydramine?

An unexpected intake of a large dose of a substance can put a person into a coma. An overdose of the drug leads to serious and fatal results for the body (injuries from delirium, myocardial infarction, the formation of psychosis, paralysis).

Narcotic effect of diphenhydramine

For diphenhydramine, the lethal critical dose is different and depends on the person’s well-being, his weight, the presence of indicators, use with other medicinal products, drugs or alcohol. 40 mg of it is already a very unsafe dose, and for patients who take the drug for quite a long time, it increases to 100 mg, taking which you can say goodbye to life. Even a small overdose of the drug has very unsafe results, including coma and death of the patient.

Diphenhydramine: overdose and its consequences

Diphenhydramine, taken in large portions, with an overdose activates delirium, a disease that ranges from mental confusion to coma. Delirium causes visual hallucinations, illusions, repeated absurdity, final sensory excitability, and poor orientation. Personal consciousness still remains.

Since the product dissolves well in alcohol, 2-3 pills, together with alcohol or beer, at first simply increase the drunkenness, soon “turn off” the mind, and plunge you into the deepest sleep, as if after taking a sleeping pill. Alcohol and 5-10 tablets of the drug, entering the blood, cause a dangerous disease.

An overdose of diphenhydramine is life-threatening

Taking the product with drugs or medications of the opium category significantly increases their results. Frequent use of such a complex of drugs leads to heart failure. The nervous system plunges into a depressed position, suicide is likely. A large dose of the substance leads to coma.

In case of an overdose, signs traditionally occur:

• very dry mouth, thirsty;
• spasms during breathing, faster breathing;
• the face and neck turn red;
• confusion, absurdity, hallucinations;
• sudden increase or decrease in pressure;
• headache, tremor, talkativeness;
• in children: spasms of the body and limbs, often predicting a fatal outcome.

Help with overdose

In case of an overdose of diphenhydramine, hospital treatment is required

First, in case of diphenhydramine poisoning, you must induce vomiting. You should definitely consult a doctor immediately. In the hospital, healing involves cleaning the blood, as well as administering vitamins to help with brain swelling. In case of coma accompanied by attacks of asphyxia, a pulmonary ventilation device is installed.

Consequences for the body after an overdose

The use of the drug provokes unnecessary reactions:

• drowsiness, excitability, confusion of actions, convulsions, tremors, ringing in the ears;
• various disorders of the heart, a decrease in the number of platelets or leukocytes;
• dry mouth, prolonged vomiting;
• difficulty breathing, dry mucous membranes;
• other secondary results: sweating, affectation.

Video

Watch a video about how residents of Novosibirsk fought to close a point selling a deadly mixture of diphenhydramine and alcohol.

Tradename: Diphenhydramine

International nonproprietary name:

Chemical name: N,N-Dimethyl-2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethylamine hydrochloride

Dosage form:

Compound.
Active substance: Diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) - 0.05 g.
Excipients: milk sugar (lactose), talc, potato starch, calcium stearate.

Description: white flat-cylindrical tablets with a chamfer.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

ATX code

pharmachologic effect
First generation H1-histamine receptor blocker. Blocks H1-histamine receptors and eliminates the effects of histamine mediated through this type of receptor. The effect on the central nervous system is due to the blockade of H 3 -histamine receptors in the brain and inhibition of central cholinergic structures. It has pronounced antihistamine activity, reduces or prevents smooth muscle spasms caused by histamine, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia. Causes local anesthesia (when taken orally, a short-term numbness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity occurs), blocks cholinergic receptors of the ganglia (reduces blood pressure) and the central nervous system, has sedative, hypnotic, antiparkinsonian and antiemetic effects. Antagonism with histamine manifests itself to a greater extent in relation to local vascular reactions during inflammation and allergies than to systemic ones, i.e. lowering blood pressure. In people with local brain damage and epilepsy, it activates (even in low doses) epileptic discharges on the electroencephalogram and can provoke an epileptic attack. Sedative and hypnotic effects are more pronounced with repeated doses.
The onset of action is noted 15-60 minutes after oral administration, duration -12 hours.

Pharmacokinetics.
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability - 50%. TCmax - 2040 min (in the highest concentration determined in the lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, brain and muscles). Communication with plasma proteins is 98-99%. Penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Metabolized mainly in the liver, partially in the lungs and kidneys. It is eliminated from tissues after 6 hours. The half-life is 4-10 hours. Within 24 hours, it is completely excreted by the kidneys in the form of metabolites conjugated with glucuronic acid. Significant amounts are excreted in milk and may cause sedation in infants (a paradoxical reaction characterized by excessive excitability may occur).

Indications for use
Allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, itchy dermatoses, dermatographism, serum sickness, in the complex treatment of anaphylactic reactions, Quincke's edema and other allergic conditions.
Insomnia, chorea, Meniere's syndrome, sea and air sickness, as an antiemetic.

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, stenosing peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, bladder neck stenosis, bronchial asthma, epilepsy.
Children up to 7 years of age (for this dosage form).

Carefully- pregnancy, lactation period.

Directions for use and doses
Inside. Adults and children over 14 years old: 25-50 mg (1/2-1 tablet) 1-3 times a day. The highest single dose is 100 mg, the daily dose is 250 mg. For insomnia - 50 mg 20-30 minutes before bedtime. For motion sickness - 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours if necessary.
Children from 7 to 14 years old: 12.5 - 25 mg (1/4-1/2 tablets) 1-3 times a day.

Side effect
Drowsiness, dry mouth, numbness of the oral mucosa, dizziness, tremor, nausea, headache, general weakness, decreased psychomotor reaction speed, photosensitivity, accommodation paresis, impaired coordination of movements. Children may experience a paradoxical development of insomnia, irritability and euphoria.

Overdose
Symptoms: depression of the central nervous system, development of agitation (especially in children) or depression, dilated pupils, dry mouth, paresis of the gastrointestinal tract, etc.
Treatment: there is no special antidote. Gastric lavage. If necessary, symptomatic treatment: drugs that increase blood pressure, oxygen, intravenous administration of plasma-substituting fluids.
Epinephrine and analeptics should not be used.

Interaction with other drugs
Enhances the effect of ethanol and drugs that depress the central nervous system.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors enhance the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine.
Antagonistic interactions are observed when co-administered with psychostimulants.
Reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine as an emetic in the treatment of poisoning.
Enhances the anticholinergic effects of drugs with anticholinergic activity.

special instructions
Patients engaged in potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention and rapid mental reactions should be careful. During treatment with diphenhydramine, avoid exposure to sunlight and consumption of ethanol.
It is necessary to inform your doctor about the use of this drug: the antiemetic effect may make it difficult to diagnose appendicitis and recognize symptoms of overdose of other drugs.
In children from 1 year to 7 years, it is recommended to use 30 mg tablets (from 1 year to 3 years, a daily dose of 10-30 mg, divided into 2-3 doses, from 4 to 6 years, a daily dose of 20 - 45 mg, divided into 2 -3 receptions).
In children from 7 months to 12 months, the drug can be used in the form of a powder prepared in the prescription and production departments of pharmacies at 3-5 mg 2-3 times a day.

Release form
Tablets 50 mg.
10 tablets in a blister-free package or in a blister package. 2, 3 or 5 blister packs along with instructions for use are placed in a cardboard pack.

Best before date
5 years. Do not use the drug after the expiration date.

Storage conditions
List B. In a dry place, protected from light and out of reach of children.

Vacation conditions
On prescription.

Manufacturer/organization accepting claims:
OJSC "Dalkhipharm"
680001, Khabarovsk, st. Tashkentskaya, 22.